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+Network Working Group                                        E. Levinson
+Request for Comments: 1872            Accurate Information Systems, Inc.
+Category: Experimental                                     December 1995
+
+
+                The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
+   community.  This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any
+   kind.  Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
+   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
+
+Abstract
+
+   The Multipart/Related content-type provides a common mechanism for
+   representing objects that are aggregates of related MIME body parts.
+   This document defines the Multipart/Related content-type and provides
+   examples of its use.
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   Several applications of MIME, including MIME-PEM, and MIME-Macintosh
+   and other proposals, require multiple body parts that make sense only
+   in the aggregate.  The present approach to these compound objects has
+   been to define specific multipart subtypes for each new object.  In
+   keeping with the MIME philosophy of having one mechanism to achieve
+   the same goal for different purposes, this document describes a
+   single mechanism for such aggregate or compound objects.
+
+   The Multipart/Related content-type addresses the MIME representation
+   of compound objects.  The object is categorized by a "type"
+   parameter.  Additional parameters are provided to indicate a specific
+   starting body part or root and auxiliary information which may be
+   required when unpacking or processing the object.
+
+   Responsibility for the display or processing of a Multipart/Related's
+   constituent entities rests with the application that handles the
+   compound object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+2.  Multipart/Related Registration Information
+
+   The following form is copied from RFC 1590, Appendix A.
+
+   To:  IANA@isi.edu
+   Subject:  Registration of new Media Type content-type/subtype
+
+   Media Type name:           Multipart
+
+   Media subtype name:        Related
+
+   Required parameters:       Type, a media type/subtype.
+
+   Optional parameters:       Start, a content-id.
+                              Start-info, a string or content-id list.
+
+   Encoding considerations:   Multipart content-types cannot have
+                              encodings.
+
+   Security considerations:   Depends solely on the referenced type.
+
+   Published specification:   This document.
+
+   Person & email address to contact for further information:
+                              Edward Levinson
+                              Accurate Information Systems, Inc.
+                              2 Industrial Way
+                              Eatontown, NJ 07724
+                              +1 908 389 5550
+                              +1 908 389 5556 (fax)
+                              ELevinson@Accurate.com
+
+3.  Intended usage
+
+   The Multipart/Related media type is intended for compound objects
+   consisting of several inter-related body parts.  For a
+   Multipart/Related object, proper display cannot be achieved by
+   individually displaying the constituent body parts.  The content-type
+   of the Multipart/Related object is specified by the type parameter.
+   The "start" parameter, if given, points, via a content-ID, to the
+   body part that contains the object root.  The default root is the
+   first body part within the Multipart/Related body.
+
+   The relationships among the body parts of a compound object
+   distinguishes it from other object types.  These relationships are
+   often represented by links internal to the object's components that
+   reference the other components.  Within a single operating
+   environment the links are often file names, such links may be
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+   represented within a MIME message using content-IDs or the value of
+   some other "Content-" header.
+
+3.1.  The Type Parameter
+
+   The type parameter must be specified and its value is the MIME media
+   type of the root body part.  It permits a MIME user agent to
+   determine the content-type without reference to the enclosed body
+   part.  If the value of the type parameter and the root body part's
+   content-type differ then the User Agent's behavior is undefined.
+
+   Note: Constraining the "type" parameter's value to an existing media
+   type allows the appropriate processing to be identified without
+   creating yet another hierarchy of registered types.  A possible
+   default action would have the MIME mail User Agent (MUA) to display
+   the "start" entity alone when it could process the media type as a
+   basic type but not as Multipart/Related.
+
+3.2.  The Start Parameter
+
+   The start parameter, if given, is the content-ID of the compound
+   object's root.  If not present the root is the first body part in the
+   Multipart/Related entity.  The root is the element the application
+   processes first.
+
+   In the case of a Multipart/Alternative body part containing several
+   entities with identical content-IDs the start entity should be
+   selected using the Multipart/Alternative rules.
+
+   Note: The "start" parameter allows for types in which the root
+   element gets generated by the sending application, perhaps on the
+   fly.  Such an application can create the "start" content-id when
+   processing begins and then insert the body part when it is complete.
+
+3.3.  The Start-Info Parameter
+
+   Additional information can be provided to an application by the
+   start-info parameter.  It contains either a string or points, via a
+   content-ID, to another MIME entity in the message.  A typical use
+   might be to provide additional command line parameters or a MIME
+   entity giving auxiliary information for processing the compound
+   object.
+
+   Applications that use Multipart/Related must specify the
+   interpretation of start-info.  User Agents shall provide the
+   parameter's value to the processing application.  Processes can
+   distinguish a start-info reference from a token or quoted-string by
+   examining the first non-white-space character, "<" indicates a
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+   content-id reference.
+
+3.4.  Syntax
+
+     related-param    := [ ";" "start" "=" cid ]
+                         [ ";" "start-info"  "="
+                           ( cid-list / value ) ]
+                         [ ";" "type"  "=" type "/" subtype ]
+                         ; order independent
+
+     cid-list        := cid cid-list
+
+     cid             := msg-id     ; c.f. [822]
+
+     value           := token / quoted-string    ; c.f. [MIME]
+                             ; value cannot begin with "<"
+
+   Note that the parameter values will usually require quoting.  Msg-id
+   contains the special characters "<", ">", "@", and perhaps other
+   special characters.  If msg-id contains quoted-strings, those quote
+   marks must be escaped.  Similarly, the type parameter contains the
+   special character "/".
+
+4.  Examples
+
+4.1 Application/X-FixedRecord
+
+   The X-FixedRecord content-type consists of one or more octet- streams
+   and a list of the lengths of each record.  The root, which lists the
+   record lengths of each record within the streams.  The record length
+   list, type Application/X-FixedRecord, consists of a set of INTEGERs
+   in ASCII format, one per line.  Each INTEGER gives the number of
+   octets from the octet-stream body part that constitute the next
+   "record".
+
+   The example below, uses a single data block which the sender
+   processes on the fly to generate the record length list.
+   Consequently the list appears after the data.
+
+     Content-Type: Multipart/Related; boundary=example-1
+             start="<950120.aaCC@XIson.com>";
+             type="Application/X-FixedRecord"
+             start-info="-o ps"
+
+     --example-1
+     Content-Type: Application/octet-stream
+     Content-Description: The fixed length records
+     Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+     Content-ID: <950120.aaCB@XIson.com>
+
+     T2xkIE1hY0RvbmFsZCBoYWQgYSBmYXJtCkUgSS
+     BFIEkgTwpBbmQgb24gaGlzIGZhcm0gaGUgaGFk
+     IHNvbWUgZHVja3MKRSBJIEUgSSBPCldpdGggYS
+     BxdWFjayBxdWFjayBoZXJlLAphIHF1YWNrIHF1
+     YWNrIHRoZXJlLApldmVyeSB3aGVyZSBhIHF1YW
+     NrIHF1YWNrCkUgSSBFIEkgTwo=
+     --example-1
+     Content-Type: Application/X-FixedRecord
+     Content-ID: <950120.aaCC@XIson.com>
+
+     25
+     10
+     34
+     10
+     25
+     21
+     26
+     10
+     --example-1--
+
+4.2 Text/X-Okie
+
+The Text/X-Okie is an invented markup language, similar to
+HTML, that permits the inclusion of images with text.  A
+feature of this example is the inclusion of two additional
+body parts, both picture. They are referred to internally by
+the encapsulated document via each picture's body part
+content-ID.  Usage of "cid:", as in this example, may be
+useful for a variety of compound objects.  It is not, however,
+a part of the Multipart/Related specification.
+
+     Content-Type: Multipart/Related; boundary=example-2;
+             start="<950118.AEBH@XIson.com>"
+             type="Text/x-Okie"
+
+     --example-2
+     Content-Type: Text/x-Okie; charset=iso-8859-1;
+             declaration="<950118.AEB0@XIson.com>"
+     Content-ID: <950118.AEBH@XIson.com>
+     Content-Description: Document
+
+     {doc}
+     This picture was taken by an automatic camera mounted ...
+     {image file=cid:950118.AECB@XIson.com}
+     {para}
+     Now this is an enlargement of the area ...
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+     {image file=cid:950118.AFDH@XIson.com}
+     {/doc}
+     --example-2
+     Content-Type: image/jpeg
+     Content-ID: <950118.AFDH@XIson.com>
+     Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64
+     Content-Description: Picture A
+
+     [encoded jpeg image]
+     --example-2
+     Content-Type: image/jpeg
+     Content-ID: <950118.AECB@XIson.com>
+     Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64
+     Content-Description: Picture B
+
+     [encoded jpeg image]
+     --example-1--
+
+5.  User Agent Requirements
+
+   User agents that do not recognize Multipart/Related shall, in
+   accordance with [MIME], treat the entire entity as Multipart/Mixed.
+   MIME User Agents that recognize Multipart/Related entities but are
+   unable to process the given type shall either suppress the entire
+   Multipart/Related body part or process the root alone.  In either
+   case the user should be notified of the MUA's action.
+
+   Handling Multipart/Related differs from other media types in that
+   processing cannot be reduced to handling the individual entities.
+   Existing media types are handled by MIME-capable MUAs handle in a
+   straightforward manner.  For basic media types (e.g., text, image,
+   etc.) the body of the entity can be directly passed to a display
+   process.  Composite media types can be reduced to handing one or more
+   discrete types.
+
+   Multipart/Related provides an irreducible composite media type.
+
+   The following sections discuss what information the processing
+   application requires.
+
+   It is possible that an application specific "receiving agent" will
+   manipulate the entities, after initial processing by the MIME User
+   Agent, prior to invoking actual application process.  From the
+   viewpoint of the MUA, the receiving agent is the application.  Okie,
+   above, demonstrates this; it may need a receiving agent to parse the
+   document and substitute local file names for the originator's file
+   names.  Other applications may just require a table showing the
+   correspondence between the local file names and the originator's.
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+   The receiving agent takes responsibility any for such processing.
+
+5.1 Data Requirements
+
+   MIME-capable MUAs are required to provide the application:
+
+   (a)  the bodies of the MIME entities and the entity Content-*
+        headers,
+
+   (b)  the parameters of the Multipart/Related Content-type
+        header, and
+
+   (c)  the correspondence between each body's local file name,
+        that body's header data, and, if present, the body part's
+        content-ID.
+
+5.2 Storing Multipart/Related Entities
+
+   The Multipart/Related media type will be used for objects that have
+   internal linkages between the body parts.  When the objects are
+   stored the linkages may require processing by the application or its
+   receiving agent.
+
+5.3 Recursion
+
+   MIME is a recursive structure.  Hence one must expect a
+   Multipart/Related entity to contain other Multipart/Related entities.
+   When a Multipart/Related entity is being processed for display or
+   storage, any enclosed Multipart/Related entities shall be processed
+   as though they were being stored.  It shall be the responsibility of
+   the application handling the outermost Multipart/Related to insure
+   the appropriate processing of embedded Multipart/Related entities.
+
+5.5 Configuration Considerations
+
+   It is suggested that MUAs that use configuration mechanisms, see
+   [CFG] for an example, refer to Multipart/Related as
+   Multipart/Related/<type>, were <type> is the value of the "type"
+   parameter.
+
+6.  Security Considerations
+
+   Security considerations relevant to Multipart/Related are identical
+   to those of the underlying content-type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 1872                   Multipart/Related               December 1995
+
+
+7.  Acknowledgments
+
+   This proposal is the result of conversations the author has had with
+   many people.  In particular, similar work was described by Harald A.
+   Alvestrand (early drafts of Multipart/Related), Dave Crocker
+   (Multipart/Families), and Keith Moore (Multipart/References). In
+   addition, James Clark, Charles Goldfarb, Gary Houston, Ned Freed, Ray
+   Moody, and Don Stinchfield, provided both encouragement and
+   invaluable help.  The author, however, take full responsibility for
+   all errors contained in this document.
+
+8.  References
+
+   [822]       Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA
+               Internet Text Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL,
+               August 1982.
+
+   [CFG]       Borenstein, N., "A User Agent Configuration
+               Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format Information",
+               RFC 1524, Bellcore, September 1993.
+
+   [MIME]      Borenstein, N. and and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose
+               Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for
+               Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore, Innosoft, September 1993.
+
+9.  Author's Address
+
+   Edward Levinson
+   Accurate Information Systems, Inc.
+   2 Industrial Way
+   Eatontown, NJ  07724-2265
+   USA
+
+   Phone: +1 908 389 5550
+   EMail: ELevinson@Accurate.com
+
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+Levinson                      Experimental                      [Page 8]
+