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+Network Working Group                                        J. Peterson
+Request for Comments: 3953                                       NeuStar
+Category: Standards Track                                   January 2005
+
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+                Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service
+                  Registration for Presence Services
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
+   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
+   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
+   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
+   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document registers a Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) service for
+   presence.  Specifically, this document focuses on provisioning pres
+   URIs in ENUM.
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
+   2. ENUM Service Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
+   3. Presence for E.164 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
+   4. The 'E2U+pres' Enumservice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+   5. Example of E2U+pres Enumservice  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
+   6. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
+   7. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+   8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+      8.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+      8.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+   Author's Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+   Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   ENUM (E.164 Number Mapping, RFC 3761 [1]) is a system that uses DNS
+   (Domain Name Service, RFC 1034 [8]) to translate telephone numbers,
+   such as +12025332600, into URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers, RFC
+   2396 [9]), such as pres:user@host.com.  ENUM exists primarily to
+   facilitate the interconnection of systems that rely on telephone
+   numbers with those that use URIs to identify resources.
+
+   Presence is a service defined in RFC 2778 [2] that allows users of a
+   communications service to monitor one another's availability and
+   disposition in order to make decisions about communicating.  Presence
+   information is highly dynamic and generally characterizes whether a
+   user is online or offline, busy or idle, away from communications
+   devices or nearby, and the like.
+
+   The IETF has defined a generic URI used to identify a presence
+   service for a particular resource: the 'pres' URI scheme (defined in
+   CPP [4]).  This document describes an enumservice for advertising
+   presence information associated with an E.164 number.
+
+2.  ENUM Service Registration
+
+   As defined in [1], the following is a template covering information
+   needed for the registration of the enumservice specified in this
+   document:
+
+      Service name: "E2U+pres"
+
+      URI scheme(s): "pres:"
+
+      Functional Specification: See section 4.
+
+      Security considerations: See section 6.
+
+      Intended usage: COMMON
+
+      Author: Jon Peterson (jon.peterson@neustar.biz)
+
+      Any other information that the author deems interesting: See
+      section 3.
+
+3.  Presence for E.164 Numbers
+
+   This document specifies an enumservice field that allows presence
+   information to be provided for an E.164 number.  This may include
+   presence states associated with telephones, or presence of non-
+   telephony communications services advertised by ENUM.
+
+
+
+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
+
+   Endpoints that participate in a presence architecture are known
+   (following the framework in RFC 2778 [2]) as watchers and
+   presentities.  Watchers subscribe to the presence of presentities and
+   are notified when the presence of a presentity changes.  Watchers
+   generally monitor the presence of a group of presentities with whom
+   they have an ongoing association.  As an example, consider how this
+   might apply to a telephony service.  Most cellular telephones today
+   have an address book-like feature, a small database of names and
+   telephone numbers.  Such a telephone might act as a watcher,
+   subscribing to the presence of some or all of the telephone numbers
+   in its address book.  The display of the telephone might then show
+   its user, when a presence-enabled telephone number is selected, the
+   availability of the destination.  With this information, the user
+   might change their calling habits to correspond better to the
+   availability of his or her associates.
+
+   The presence information that is shared varies by communications
+   service.  The IETF has defined a Presence Information Data Format (or
+   PIDF [6]) for describing the presence data associated with a
+   presentity.  The baseline PIDF specification declares only two
+   presence states: OPEN and CLOSED (these terms are defined in RFC 2778
+   [2]); the former suggests that the destination resource is able to
+   accept communication requests, the latter that it is not.  These two
+   states provide useful but rudimentary insight into the communications
+   status of a presentity.  For that reason, PIDF is an extensible
+   format, and new sorts of statuses can be defined for specific
+   communications services.  For example, a telephony-based presence
+   service might define a status corresponding to 'busy'.  Extending
+   PIDF for telephony services is, however, outside the scope of this
+   document.
+
+4.  The 'E2U+pres' Enumservice
+
+   Traditionally, the services field of an NAPTR record (as defined in
+   [10]) contains a string composed of two subfields: a 'protocol'
+   subfield and a 'resolution service' subfield.  ENUM in particular
+   defines an 'E2U' (E.164 to URI) resolution service.  This document
+   defines an 'E2U+pres' enumservice for presence.
+
+   The scheme of the URI that will appear in the regexp field of an
+   NAPTR record using the 'E2U+pres' enumservice SHOULD be the 'pres'
+   URI scheme.  Other URI schemes appropriate to presence services MAY
+   be used; however, the use of the 'pres' URI scheme ensures a greater
+   level of compatibility than would the use of any URI specific to a
+   particular presence protocol.  The purpose of a pres URI is to
+   provide a generic way to locate a presence service.  Techniques for
+   dereferencing the pres URI to locate a presence service are given in
+   [5].
+
+
+
+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
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+   The 'pres' URI scheme does not identify any particular protocol that
+   will be used to handle presence operations (such as subscriptions and
+   notifications).  Rather, the mechanism in [5] details a way to
+   discover whether the presence protocol(s) supported by the watcher
+   is/are also supported by the presentity.  SIP [7] is one protocol
+   that can be used to convey presence information and manage
+   subscriptions/notifications.
+
+5.  Example of E2U+pres enumservice
+
+   The following is an example of the use of the enumservice registered
+   by this document in an NAPTR resource record.
+
+$ORIGIN 3.8.0.0.6.9.2.3.6.1.4.4.e164.arpa.
+   IN NAPTR 100 10 "u" "E2U+pres" "!^.*$!pres:jon.peterson@example.net!"
+
+6.  Security Considerations
+
+   DNS does not make policy decisions about the records it shares with
+   an inquirer.  All DNS records must be assumed to be available to all
+   inquirers at all times.  The information provided within an ENUM
+   record set must therefore be considered open to the public -- which
+   is a cause for some privacy considerations.
+
+   Revealing a pres URI in and of itself is unlikely to introduce many
+   privacy concerns, although, depending on the structure of the URI, it
+   might reveal the full name or employer of the target.  The use of
+   anonymous URIs mitigates this risk.  More serious privacy concerns
+   are associated with the unauthorized distribution of presence
+   information.  For this reason, presence protocols have a number of
+   security requirements (detailed in RFC 2779 [3]) that call for
+   authentication of watchers, integrity and confidentiality properties,
+   and similar measures to prevent abuse of presence information.  Any
+   presence protocol used in conjunction with the 'pres' URI scheme is
+   required to meet these requirements.
+
+   Unlike a traditional telephone number, the resource identified by a
+   pres URI may require that callers provide cryptographic credentials
+   for authentication and authorization before presence information is
+   returned.  In concert with presence protocols, ENUM can actually
+   provide far greater protection from unwanted callers than does the
+   existing PSTN, despite the public availability of ENUM records.
+
+
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+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
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+7.  IANA Considerations
+
+   This document registers the 'E2U+pres' enumservice under the
+   enumservice registry described in the IANA considerations in RFC
+   3761.  Details of the registration are given in section 2.
+
+8.  References
+
+8.1.  Normative References
+
+   [1]  Faltstrom, P. and M. Mealling, "The E.164 to Uniform Resource
+        Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS)
+        Application", RFC 3761, April 2004.
+
+   [2]  Day, M., Rosenberg, J., and H. Sugano, "A Model for Presence and
+        Instant Messaging", RFC 2778, February 2000.
+
+   [3]  Day, M., Aggarwal, S., Mohr, G., and J. Vincent, "Instant
+        Messaging / Presence Protocol Requirements", RFC 2779, February
+        2000.
+
+   [4]  Peterson, J., "Common Profile for Presence (CPP)", RFC 3859,
+        August 2004.
+
+   [5]  Peterson, J., "Address Resolution for Instant Messaging and
+        Presence", RFC 3861, August 2004.
+
+8.2.  Informative References
+
+   [6]  Sugano, H., Fujimoto, S., Klyne, G., Bateman, A., Carr, W., and
+        J. Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format (PIDF)", RFC
+        3863, August 2004.
+
+   [7]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
+        Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
+        Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
+
+   [8]  Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", STD
+        13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
+
+   [9]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
+        Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, August
+        1998.
+
+   [10] Mealling, M., "Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Part
+        Three: The Domain Name System (DNS) Database", RFC 3403, October
+        2002.
+
+
+
+
+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
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+Author's Address
+
+   Jon Peterson
+   NeuStar, Inc.
+   1800 Sutter St.
+   Suite 570
+   Concord, CA  94520
+   USA
+
+   Phone: +1 925/363-8720
+   EMail: jon.peterson@neustar.biz
+   URI:   http://www.neustar.biz/
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+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3953        ENUM Registration for Presence Services     January 2005
+
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+Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
+
+   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
+   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
+   retain all their rights.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
+   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
+   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
+   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
+   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Intellectual Property
+
+   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
+   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
+   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
+   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
+   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
+   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
+   on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in IETF Documents can
+   be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
+
+   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
+   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
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+   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
+   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
+
+   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
+   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
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+   ipr@ietf.org.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
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+Peterson                    Standards Track                     [Page 7]
+