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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc1169.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc1169.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6849e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc1169.txt @@ -0,0 +1,843 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group V. Cerf +Request for Comments: 1169 IAB + K. Mills + NIST + August 1990 + + + Explaining the Role of GOSIP + +1. Status of this Memo + + This informational RFC represents the official view of the Internet + Activities Board (IAB), after coordination with the Federal + Networking Council (FNC). This RFC does not specify a standard. + + Distribution of this memo is unlimited. + +Table of Contents + + 1. Status of this Memo........................................... 1 + 2. Abstract...................................................... 2 + 3. Introduction.................................................. 2 + 4. Acknowledgements.............................................. 3 + 5. GOSIP Background.............................................. 3 + 6. Understanding GOSIP........................................... 4 + 6.1. Applicability............................................... 4 + 6.1.1. Procurement Vs. Transition................................ 5 + 6.1.2. Small Network Add-on Vs. Major Upgrade.................... 5 + 6.1.3. OSI Incompleteness........................................ 5 + 6.2. Exclusivity................................................. 5 + 6.3. Implementation.............................................. 6 + 6.4. Waivers..................................................... 6 + 6.5. Enforcement................................................. 7 + 7. Role of the IETF in Support of OSI............................ 7 + 8. Role of the Internet Infrastructure Agencies in + Support of OSI................................................ 7 + 9. Role of the Internet Using Agencies in the + Application of OSI............................................ 7 + 10. Summary...................................................... 8 + 11. References................................................... 9 + 12. Appendix -- To Obtain GOSIP Documents........................ 9 + 12.1 GOSIP....................................................... 9 + 12.1.1 GOSIP Version 1........................................... 9 + 12.1.2 GOSIP Version 2........................................... 10 + 12.2 NIST Workshop for Implementors of OSI Documents............. 11 + 12.2.1 SIA, Version 1............................................ 11 + 12.2.2 SIA, Version 2............................................ 12 + 12.2.3 WIA (August, 1989)........................................ 13 + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 1] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + 12.3 GOSIP Users' Guide.......................................... 13 + 12.4 Addresses/Telephone Numbers................................. 14 + 13. Security Considerations...................................... 15 + 14. Authors' Addresses........................................... 15 + +2. Abstract + + The Federal Networking Council (FNC), the Internet Activities Board + (IAB), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) have a firm + commitment to responsible integration of OSI based upon sound network + planning. This implies that OSI will be added to the Internet + without sacrificing services now available to existing Internet + users, and that a multi-protocol environment will exist in the + Internet for a prolonged period. Planning is underway within the + Internet community to enable integration of OSI, coexistence of OSI + with TCP/IP, and interoperability between OSI and TCP/IP. + + The U.S. Government OSI Profile (GOSIP) is a necessary tool for + planning OSI integration. However, as the August 1990 requirement + date for GOSIP compliance approaches, concern remains as to how GOSIP + should be applied to near-term network planning. + + The intent of this statement is to help explain the role and + applicability of the GOSIP document, as well as to emphasize the + government's commitment to an integrated interoperable OSI + environment based on responsible planning. + +3. Introduction + + The Federal Agencies, represented in the Federal Networking Council + (FNC), as well as the Internet community represented by the Internet + Activities Board (IAB), and the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF) are fully committed to integrating OSI into the Internet, as + it is recognized that OSI is an international standard networking + protocol suite. The FNC, IAB, and IETF are taking sound technical + steps to integrate OSI in a fashion and on a schedule that assures + current levels of service to users of the existing operational + networks that are a part of the Internet. The large existing + installed base of TCP/IP protocol users, the limited deployment of + commercial OSI products, and the incomplete development of OSI + standards for routing, network management, and directory services + combine to make an immediate, total transition to a pure OSI + environment in the Internet unrealistic. + + In what follows, we present a brief overview of GOSIP and we address + some of the often confusing points about the intent, applicability, + and implementation of GOSIP. We also describe the role of the IETF + regarding the integration of OSI into the Internet. Further, we + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 2] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + discuss the role of Federal Agencies in this process. + +4. Acknowledgements + + Special thanks are due to Rebecca Nitzan of Sterling and Phill Gross + of CNRI for developing several draft versions of this RFC. + +5. GOSIP Background + + The Government OSI Profile (GOSIP), published as Federal Information + Processing Standard (FIPS) 146, issued by the National Institute of + Standards and Technology (NIST), specifies the details of an OSI + configuration for use in the Government so that interoperable OSI + products can be procured from commercial vendors. GOSIP is needed + because OSI standards allow many potential options and choices, some + of which are incompatible. GOSIP is based on refinements of OSI + standards. The refinements are agreed to by commercial implementors + and potential users through a series of OSI Implementors Workshops + (OIW) hosted by NIST four times every year since 1983. As OSI + becomes more widely deployed, GOSIP compliance will become + increasingly important. + + GOSIP was written by an inter-agency group and continues to evolve + under the guidance of the GOSIP Advanced Requirements Group. The + IETF is represented on the GOSIP Advanced Requirements Group, as are + Federal Government Agencies, including the FNC agencies. + + The GOSIP FIPS consists of: + + 1. An announcement adopting GOSIP as a Federal standard. The + announcement section of the FIPS covers topics such as the + objectives of GOSIP, its applicability, implementation + requirements, and waiver procedures. + + 2. The technical specification of GOSIP products to be procured. + The technical specification section of GOSIP describes the + details of a subset of OSI protocols. Products implementing + GOSIP are in development by or available from many computer + vendors. + + 3. Appendices describing the plans for including additional + functionality into future versions of the GOSIP technical + specification. + + The first version of GOSIP was published in August 1988 following a + long comment period beginning as early as January 1987. GOSIP was + adopted as FIPS 146 in February 1989 and will become a Federal + procurement requirement in August 1990 [1]. A second version of + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 3] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + GOSIP will become a FIPS in 1990 and will then become a Federal + procurement requirement 18 months later [2]. Along with the second + version of GOSIP, NIST will issue errata associated with GOSIP + Version 1.0. + + There is an additional publication called the GOSIP Users' Guide + which provides an expanded explanation of GOSIP including tutorials, + interpretation, integration planning advice, and information on + registration [3]. The GOSIP Users' Guide will be updated and re- + released in coordination with each version of GOSIP. Information + regarding how to obtain GOSIP and related documents is included in + the Appendix to this RFC. + +6. Understanding GOSIP + + There is a common misunderstanding that GOSIP mandates an immediate, + total transition to the use of OSI protocols in August 1990. Several + factors contribute to this misunderstanding including the summary + nature of the FIPS applicability and implementation sections, trade + press synopses trying to explain a complex subject in simple terms, + and hearsay. The FIPS language will be improved in GOSIP Version + 2.0. Additionally, more detailed treatment is given to these issues + in the GOSIP Users' Guide. Below is a summary of the issues. + +6.1. Applicability + + The motivation behind the creation of the U.S. GOSIP document is to + achieve, in the long term, a common, vendor neutral, interoperable + computer communication capability throughout the U.S. Government. + Agreement on a common configuration of OSI protocols (GOSIP) for + purposes of procurement is intended to aid this objective. + + Beginning in August, 1990, federal agencies procuring computer + network products and services must require that those products and + services comply with OSI, where feasible, as specified in GOSIP + Version 1.0. This will insure that all government-procured OSI + products and services meet the same OSI Protocol profile. + + If the application for which network services or products are + procured can be supported through GOSIP Version 1.0-compliant + facilities, then it is required that compliant products or services + be procured. + + + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 4] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +6.1.1. Procurement Vs. Transition + + FIPS 146 is a procurement specification. The FIPS mandates the + acquisition of OSI products when agencies require the functionality + supplied by the OSI features specified in GOSIP. GOSIP does not + mandate an immediate, total transition to OSI in August 1990. + +6.1.2. Small Network Add-on Vs. Major Upgrade + + GOSIP applies most readily to procurement of new networks and major + upgrades to existing networks. "Major upgrade" does not necessarily + mean adding components to an existing non-GOSIP network. For + example, if an agency has an existing network and needs to add + several compatible devices, there is no mandate to retrofit GOSIP + into the entire existing network. + +6.1.3. OSI Incompleteness + + Many of the OSI protocols are still in the process of being + standardized. The GOSIP 1.0 and 2.0 versions address only + configurations of fully-standardized OSI protocols. As new OSI + standards emerge (e.g., for directory services, network management + and dynamic routing), the GOSIP documents will be revised to + incorporate agreed profiles/configurations. Each GOSIP document + contains appendices describing the status of OSI protocol + standardization and plans for incorporating new functionality into + subsequent GOSIP versions. + +6.2. Exclusivity + + GOSIP is not exclusive. When an agency implements GOSIP, other + protocols may be procured and used in the same network. This non- + exclusive arrangement will remain for the indefinite future for + several reasons: + + 1. Agencies, with existing networks, that are planning an OSI + integration will require support for existing protocols and + protocol converters during the integration period. + + 2. Non-GOSIP protocols may provide some enhanced feature or + improved performance that an agency may find beneficial. + GOSIP is meant to provide for Government-wide interoperability, + but is not meant to do so at the expense of other requirements. + + 3. GOSIP does not meet every networking requirement of every + agency. In fact, given the pace of technological change in + computing and communications, no single protocol suite is + likely to meet every networking requirement. + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 5] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +6.3. Implementation + + Each agency is responsible for planning the integration of OSI into + agency networks. Many factors must be considered, including, but not + limited to: + + o the installed network base + + o requirements for functionality not yet present in GOSIP + + o availability of funds + + o future plans for networks in support of agency missions + + o requirements for agency and government wide interoperability + + o planned additions to OSI functionality in future versions of + GOSIP. + + NIST recommends a three step approach to implement the provisions of + GOSIP: + + 1. develop a clear and definitive policy regarding use of OSI + within an agency + + 2. develop an appropriate set of plans to implement the policy + + 3. update and act on the plans as agency networks are acquired + and upgraded. + + Agency management has the responsibility to determine applicability + of GOSIP to particular procurements and to evaluate and grant or deny + waivers from GOSIP when GOSIP would otherwise apply. For further + details on these issues see the GOSIP Users' Guide. + +6.4. Waivers + + Waivers may be granted from the mandated provisions of GOSIP when + adherence to GOSIP would prevent an agency from accomplishing its + mission or when an agency would suffer adverse financial effects that + are not offset by Government-wide savings. Authority to grant such + waivers is delegated to the heads of agencies. + + Developing a waiver process should be part of an agency's + implementation planning. No waiver is needed if GOSIP does not + apply. Procedures are outlined in the FIPS and further discussed in + the GOSIP Users' Guide. + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 6] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +6.5. Enforcement + + NIST does not have an enforcement responsibility with respect to + GOSIP. Any enforcement that occurs will result from the normal + process of planning, acquiring, and implementing networks within + government agencies. + +7. Role of the IETF in Support of OSI + + Within the Internet community the IETF, working under the direction + of the IAB, plays a key role in planning for integration of OSI into + the Internet. The IETF will define the technical mechanisms + necessary to accommodate OSI in the Internet and to permit + coexistence and interoperability between OSI and TCP/IP protocols + during the indeterminate period of multi-protocol operation. IETF + activities include, but are not limited to, drafting appropriate + RFCs, creating input to GOSIP, the GOSIP Users' Guide, and the OSI + Implementors Workshop (OIW). The IETF may also recommend to the FNC + experiments to be undertaken to further the integration of OSI into + the Internet. One of the eight areas of work for the IETF is + dedicated to OSI integration. A representative of the IETF is an + official member of the GOSIP Advanced Requirements Group. + +8. Role of the Internet Infrastructure Agencies in Support of OSI + + Certain of the FNC agencies have a role in providing a significant + part of the communications infrastructure for the Internet, that is, + links, backbone routers, management facilities, and directory + services. For example, the National Science Foundation (NSF), the + National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department + of Energy (DOE) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency + (DARPA) have such a role. These agencies must provide for essential + infrastructure services such as routing of ISO 8473 packets in the + NSFnet backbone, provision of application level gateways enabling + interoperability between TCP/IP and OSI applications, and provision + of OSI directory services. + +9. Role of the Internet Using Agencies in the Application of OSI + + The FNC agencies using Internet services also have a necessary role + in the integration of OSI. The FNC agencies must identify their + requirements and participate in the IETF and GOSIP groups to ensure + that their needs can be met. The FNC agencies should also plan to + implement OSI within their networks in accordance with the realities + of their technical and management plans, taking cognizance of the + plans for and progress toward implementation of key OSI elements in + the Internet Infrastructure. Each FNC agency should develop an + agency policy on the adoption and use of GOSIP and should initiate + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 7] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + planning for incorporation of GOSIP-compliant products into agency + networks. + +10. Summary + + The FNC, the IAB, and the IETF have a firm commitment to responsible + integration of OSI protocols into the Internet based upon sound + network planning. A multi-protocol environment will exist in the + Internet for a considerable period of time. As OSI products grow in + number and capability and as more OSI standards are completed, the + role of GOSIP will grow in importance. + + To summarize: + + o FIPS 146 (GOSIP) is a specification of which OSI protocols are + to be procured for U.S. Government use. GOSIP does not + mandate, or even explicitly address, the issue of protocol + transition. + + o As a procurement specification, GOSIP does not apply to existing + installed equipment. It applies to new network procurements and + major upgrades to existing networks. "Major upgrade" does not + necessarily apply to increasing the number of components of + current functionality in existing non-GOSIP networks. + + o When GOSIP does apply, it is not exclusionary. That is, other + protocol families can also be procured and used. + + o When GOSIP does apply, waivers are allowed in consideration of + specific agency requirements. When GOSIP does not apply, no + waiver is necessary. + + o Agencies have the responsibility 1) for agency-wide planning + for GOSIP compliance in their network procurements, 2) for + developing their own waiver process, and 3) for determining + the applicability of GOSIP to any specific procurement. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 8] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +11. References + + [1] "U.S. Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile", U.S. + Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 146, Version + 1, August 1988. + + [2] "U.S. Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile", U.S. + Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 146-1, Draft + Version 2, April 1989. + + [3] Boland, T., "Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile + Users' Guide", NIST Special Publication 500-163, August 1989. + +12. Appendix -- To Obtain GOSIP Documents + + Below is the information needed to obtain the U.S. GOSIP and NIST/OSI + Implementors Workshop (OIW) documents. All prices are in U.S. + dollars and represent the most up-to-date information available at + this time; for further pricing information and ordering details, + contact the seller (all addresses and telephone numbers are to be + found at the end). + +12.1 GOSIP + +12.1.1 GOSIP Version 1. + + GOSIP Version 1 (Federal Information Processing Standard 146) was + published in August 1988. It becomes mandatory in applicable federal + procurements in August 1990. + + NIST POINT OF CONTACT: Jerry Mulvenna + + HARDCOPY: + + NTIS + Order Number: FIPS PUB 146 + Price: $17.00 (paper); $8.00 (microfiche) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 9] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + ON-LINE: + + 1. The federal register announcement (FIPS 146) as well as GOSIP are + available through anonymous ftp from nic.ddn.mil (192.67.67.20) as: + + o <protocols>gosip-fedreg.txt (ascii) + + o <protocols>gosip-fips-draft.txt (ascii) + + o <protocols>gosip-v1.txt (ascii) + + 2. Through anonymous ftp or FTAM (ISODE 5.0, user: ftam, + realstore=unix) from osi3.ncsl.nist.gov (129.6.48.100) as: + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v1_fedreg.txt (ascii) + + o pub/gosip/fips146_draft.txt (ascii) + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v1.txt (ascii) + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v1.txt.Z (compressed) + +12.1.2 GOSIP Version 2. + + GOSIP Version 2 is currently a draft. It has undergone public review + and comment. Comments will be addressed by the GOSIP Advanced + Requirements Committee in May, 1990. Final text is expected to be + available in August, 1990. + + NIST POINT OF CONTACT: Jerry Mulvenna + + HARDCOPY: + + NIST Standards Processing Coordinator (ADP) + + ON-LINE: + + 1. Available through anonymous ftp or FTAM (ISODE 5.0, user: ftam, + realstore=unix) from osi3.ncsl.nist.gov (129.6.48.100) as: + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v2_draft.txt (ascii) + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v2_draft.txt.Z (compressed) + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v2_draft.ps (postscript) + + o pub/gosip/gosip_v2_draft.ps.Z (compressed) + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 10] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + 2. Available through anonymous ftp from nic.ddn.mil (192.67.67.20) + as: + + o <protocols>gosip-v2-draft.doc + +12.2 NIST Workshop for Implementors of OSI Documents + + The output of the NIST Workshop for Implementors of OSI (OIW) is a + pair of aligned documents, one representing Stable Implementation + Agreements (SIA), the other containing Working Implementation + Agreements (WIA) that have not yet gone into the stable document. + Material is in either one or the other of these documents, but not + both, and the documents have the same index structure. + + The SIA is reproduced in its entirety at the beginning of each + calendar year, with an incremented version number. Replacement page + sets are distributed subsequently three times during each year (after + each Workshop), reflecting edits to the stable material. The + replacement pages constitute the next edition of that year's version. + + The WIA is reproduced in its entirety after each Workshop (held in + March, June, September and December). OIW attendees automatically + receive the WIA. OIW meeting dates in 1990 are: March 12-16; June + 18-22; September 10-14; and December 10-14. + + NIST POINTS OF CONTACT: + + 1. Tim Boland/management information + Chairman, OIW + + 2. Brenda Gray/administrative information + OIW Registrar + +12.2.1 SIA, Version 1. + + SIA, Version 1, Edition 1 (Dec, 1987) The SIA, V1E1 is published as + NIST Special Publication 500-150. It is the appropriate version and + edition of the SIA for GOSIP Version 1 (FIPS 146). + + HARDCOPY: + + 1. U.S. Government Printing Office + GPO Stock Number: 003-02838-0 + Price: $20.00 + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 11] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + 2. NTIS + Order Number: PB 88-168331 + Price: $31.00 (paper); $8.00 (microfiche) + + SIA, Version 1, Edition 3 (August, 1988) The SIA, V1E3 is also + published as NBS Special Publication 500-150 (note the different GPO + Stock Number when ordering). + + HARDCOPY: + + U.S. Government Printing Office + GPO Stock Number: 003-003-02838-0 + Price: $12.00 (paper) + + ON-LINE: + + 1. Available through anonymous ftp or FTAM (ISODE 5.0, user: ftam, + realstore=unix) from from osi3.ncsl.nist.gov (129.6.48.100) as: + + o pub/gosip/nist_osiws_sia_v1e3.txt (ascii) + + o pub/gosip/nist_osiws_sia_v1e3.txt.Z (compressed) + + 2. Available through anonymous ftp from nic.ddn.mil (192.67.67.20) + as: + + o <protocols>nbsosi-argrements.doc + +12.2.2 SIA, Version 2. + + SIA, Version 2, Edition 1 (Dec, 1988) The SIA, V2E1 is published as + NBS Special Publication 500-162. + + HARDCOPY: + + 1. U.S. Government Printing Office + GPO Stock Number: 003-003-02921-1 + Price: $26.00 + + 2. IEEE Computer Society + ISBN 0-8186-9022-4 + Book No. 2022 + Price: $75.00 (casebound) + (a subscription service is available from IEEE) + + 3. NTIS + Order Number: PB 89193312 + Price: $53.00 (paper); $8.00 (microfiche) + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 12] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + + SIA, Version 2, Editions 2-4 These are available as hardcopy from + NIST staff, subject to staff availability. Contact: + + Brenda Gray/administrative information + OIW Registrar + + SIA, Version 3, Edition 1 (Dec, 1989) The SIA V3E1 is expected to be + available in the first half of 1990. It may be ordered from the IEEE + Computer Society and the U.S. GPO. Future editions of Version 3 are + expected to be available from NTIS, and possibly GPO and the IEEE + Computer Society. + +12.2.3 WIA (August, 1989). + + The August, 1989 WIA, published as a NIST Interagency Report (IR-89- + 4140) is the most recent copy of the WIA that is available to order. + The December, 1989 WIA document is available from NTIS and the IEEE + Computer Society. The August, 1989 WIA (NIST IR-89-4140) is + available in hardcopy from: + + NTIS + Order Number: PB 89235931/AS + Price: $36.95 (paper); $6.95 (microfiche) + +12.3 GOSIP Users' Guide + + This publication assists federal agencies in planning for and + procuring OSI. It provides tutorial information on OSI protocols as + well as information on OSI registration, GOSIP technical evaluation, + and GOSIP transition strategies. + + HARDCOPY: + + NTIS + Order Number: PB 90-111212 + Price: $23 (paper); $8 (microfiche) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 13] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +12.4 Addresses/Telephone Numbers + + NIST CONTACTS + + Tim Boland/management information + Chairman, OIW + Technology, B217 + Gaithersburg, MD 20899 + (301) 975-3608 + boland@ecf.ncsl.nist.gov + + Brenda Gray/administrative information + OIW Registrar + Technology, B217 + Gaithersburg, MD 20899 + (301) 975-3664 + + Jerry Mulvenna + Technology, B217 + Gaithersburg, MD 20899 + (301) 975-3631 + mulvenna@ecf.ncsl.nist.gov + + OTHER SOURCES OF DOCUMENTS + + National Technical Information Service (NTIS) + U.S. Department of Commerce + 5285 Port Royal Road + Springfield, VA 22161 + (703)487-4650 + + IEEE Computer Society + Order Department + 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle + Los Alamitos, CA 90720 + 1-800-272-6657 + + U.S. Government Printing Office + Washington, DC 20402 + (202) 783-3238 + + Standards Processing Coordinator (ADP) + National Institute of Standards and Technology + Technology Building, Room B-64 + Gaithersburg, MD 20899 + (301) 975-2816 + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 14] + +RFC 1169 Explaining the Role of GOSIP August 1990 + + +13. Security Considerations + + Security issues are not discussed in this memo. + +14. Authors' Addresses + + Vinton G. Cerf + Chairman, IAB + Corporation for National Research Initiatives + 1895 Preston White Drive, Suite 100 + Reston, VA 22091 + + Phone: (703) 620-8990 + + EMail: vcerf@nri.reston.va.us + + + Kevin L. Mills + National Institute of Standards and Technology + Building 225, Room B217 + Gaithersburg, MD 20899 + + Phone: (301) 975-3618 + + EMail: MILLS@ECF.NCSL.NIST.GOV + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cerf & Mills [Page 15] +
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