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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc6798.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc6798.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d84510 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc6798.txt @@ -0,0 +1,731 @@ + + + + + + +Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) A. Clark +Request for Comments: 6798 Telchemy +Category: Standards Track Q. Wu +ISSN: 2070-1721 Huawei + November 2012 + + + RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block + for Packet Delay Variation Metric Reporting + +Abstract + + This document defines an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report + (XR) block that allows the reporting of packet delay variation + metrics for a range of RTP applications. + +Status of This Memo + + This is an Internet Standards Track document. + + This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has + received public review and has been approved for publication by the + Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on + Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. + + Information about the current status of this document, any errata, + and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at + http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6798. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved. + + This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect + to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must + include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as + described in the Simplified BSD License. + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction ....................................................3 + 1.1. Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block .......................3 + 1.2. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports ...................................3 + 1.3. Performance Metrics Framework ..............................3 + 1.4. Applicability ..............................................3 + 2. Terminology .....................................................3 + 2.1. Requirements Language ......................................3 + 2.2. Notations ..................................................4 + 3. Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block ............................4 + 3.1. Report Block Structure .....................................5 + 3.2. Definition of Fields in PDV Metrics Block ..................5 + 3.3. Guidance on Use of PDV Metrics .............................8 + 3.4. Examples of Use ............................................9 + 4. SDP Signaling ...................................................9 + 5. IANA Considerations ............................................10 + 5.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value ..............................10 + 5.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter .................................10 + 5.3. Contact Information for Registrations .....................11 + 5.4. New Registry of PDV Types .................................11 + 6. Security Considerations ........................................11 + 7. Contributors ...................................................12 + 8. Acknowledgments ................................................12 + 9. References .....................................................12 + 9.1. Normative References ......................................12 + 9.2. Informative References ....................................13 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +1. Introduction + +1.1. Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block + + This document defines a new block type to augment those defined in + [RFC3611], for use in a range of RTP applications. + + The new block type provides information on Packet Delay Variation + (PDV) using one of several standard metrics, for example, Mean + Absolute Packet Delay Variation 2 (MAPDV2) (Clause 6.2.3.2 of + [G.1020]) or 2-point PDV (Clause 6.2.4 of [Y.1540]). + + The metrics belong to the class of transport metrics defined in + [MONARCH]. + +1.2. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports + + The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550]. [RFC3611] + defined an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended + Report (XR). This document defines a new Extended Report block for + use with [RFC3550] and [RFC3611]. + +1.3. Performance Metrics Framework + + The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the + definition and specification of performance metrics. The RTP + monitoring architectures [MONARCH] provides guidelines for reporting + block format using RTCP XR. The XR block described in this document + is in accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390] and [MONARCH]. + +1.4. Applicability + + These metrics are applicable to a wide range of RTP applications in + which the application streams are sensitive to delay variation + [RFC5481]. For example, applications could use the measurements of + these metrics to help adjust the size of adaptive jitter buffers to + improve performance. Network managers can use these metrics to + compare actual delay variation to targets (i.e., a numerical + objective or Service Level Agreement) to help ensure the quality of + real-time application performance. + +2. Terminology + +2.1. Requirements Language + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this + document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +2.2. Notations + + This report block makes use of binary fractions. The terminology + used is + + Numeric formats S X:Y + + where S indicates a two's complement signed representation, X + the number of bits prior to the decimal place, and Y the number + of bits after the decimal place. + + Hence, 8:8 represents an unsigned number in the range 0.0 to + 255.996 with a granularity of 0.0039. S7:8 represents the + range -127.996 to +127.996. 0:16 represents a proper binary + fraction with range as follows: + + 0.0 to 1 - 1/65536 = 0.9999847 + + however, note that use of flag values at the top of the numeric + range slightly reduces this upper limit. For example, if the + 16-bit values 0xfffe and 0xffff are used as flags for "over- + range" and "unavailable" conditions, a 0:16 quantity has a + range as follows: + + 0.0 to 1 - 3/65536 = 0.9999542 + +3. Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block + + Metrics in this block report on packet delay variation in the stream + arriving at the RTP system. The measurement of these metrics is made + at the receiving end of the RTP stream. Instances of this metric + block refer by synchronization source (SSRC) to the separate + auxiliary Measurement Information Block [RFC6776], which contains + measurement intervals. This metric block relies on the measurement + interval given by the value of the "Measurement Duration (Interval)" + field in the Measurement Information Block to indicate the span of + the report and MUST be sent in the same compound RTCP packet as the + Measurement Information Block. If the measurement interval is not + received for this metric block, this metric block MUST be discarded. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +3.1. Report Block Structure + + PDV metrics block: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | BT=15 | I |pdvtyp |Rsv| block length=4 | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | SSRC of Source | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Pos PDV Threshold/Peak | Pos PDV Percentile | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Neg PDV Threshold/Peak | Neg PDV Percentile | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Mean PDV | Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Figure 1: Report Block Structure + +3.2. Definition of Fields in PDV Metrics Block + + Block type (BT): 8 bits + + A Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block is identified by the + constant 15. + + Interval Metric flag (I): 2 bit + + This field is used to indicate whether the Packet Delay Variation + metrics are Sampled, Interval, or Cumulative metrics [MONARCH], + that is, whether the reported values apply to the most recent + measurement interval duration between successive metrics reports + (I=10) (the Interval Duration), or they apply to the accumulation + period characteristic of cumulative measurements (I=11) (the + Cumulative Duration), or they are a sampled instantaneous value + (I=01) (Sampled Value). The value I=00 is reserved and MUST NOT + be used. If the value I=00 is received, then the XR block MUST be + ignored by the receiver. + + Packet Delay Variation Metric Type (pdvtyp): 4 bits + + Packet Delay Variation Metric Type is of type enumerated and is + interpreted as an unsigned, 4-bit integer. This field is used to + identify the Packet Delay Variation Metric Type used in this + report block, according to the following code: + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + bits 014-011 + + 0: MAPDV2, Clause 6.2.3.2 of [G.1020], + + 1: 2-point PDV, Clause 6.2.4 of [Y.1540]. + + Rsv: 2 bits + + This field is reserved for future definition. In the absence of + such a definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and + ignored by the receiver. + + block length: 16 bits + + The length of this report block is in 32-bit words, minus one. + For the Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block, the block length is + equal to 4. + + SSRC of source: 32 bits + + This field is as defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC3611]. + + Positive PDV Threshold/Peak: 16 bits + + This field is associated with the Positive PDV percentile and + expressed in milliseconds with numeric format S11:4. The term + "Positive" represents that the packets are arriving later than the + expected time. + + If the measured value is less than -2047.9375 (the value that + would be coded as 0x8001), the value 0x8000 SHOULD be reported to + indicate an over-range negative measurement. If the measured + value is greater than +2047.8125 (the value that would be coded as + 0x7FFD), the value 0x7FFE SHOULD be reported to indicate an over- + range positive measurement. If the measurement is unavailable, + the value 0x7FFF MUST be reported. + + Positive PDV Percentile: 16 bits + + This field indicates the percentages of packets in the RTP stream + for which individual packet delays were less than the Positive PDV + Threshold. It is expressed in numeric format 8:8 with values from + 0 to 100th percentile. + + If the measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be + reported. + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + Negative PDV Threshold/Peak: 16 bits + + This field is associated with the Negative PDV percentile and + expressed in milliseconds with numeric format S11:4. The term + "Negative" represents that the packets are arriving earlier than + the expected time. + + If the measured value is more negative than -2047.9375 (the value + that would be coded as 0x8001), the value 0x8000 SHOULD be + reported to indicate an over-range negative measurement. If the + measured value is more positive than +2047.8125 (the value that + would be coded as 0x7FFD), the value 0x7FFE SHOULD be reported to + indicate an over-range positive measurement. If the measurement + is unavailable, the value 0x7FFF MUST be reported. + + Negative PDV Percentile: 16 bits + + This field indicates the percentages of packets in the RTP stream + for which individual packet delays were more than the Negative PDV + Threshold. It is expressed in numeric format 8:8 with values from + 0 to 100th percentile. + + If the measurement is unavailable, the value 0xFFFF MUST be + reported. + + If the PDV Type indicated is 2-point PDV and the Positive and + Negative PDV percentiles are set to 100.0, then the Positive and + Negative Threshold/Peak PDV values are the peak values measured + during the reporting interval (which may be from the start of the + call for cumulative reports). In this case, the difference + between the Positive and Negative Threshold/Peak values defines + the range of 2-point PDV. + + Mean PDV: 16 bits + + The mean PDV value of data packets is expressed in milliseconds + with Numeric format S11:4 format. + + For MAPDV2, this value is generated according to Clause 6.2.3.2 of + [G.1020]. For interval reports, the MAPDV2 value is reset at the + start of the interval. + + For 2-point PDV, the value reported is the mean of per-packet + 2-point PDV values. This metric indicates the arrival time of the + first media packet of the session with respect to the mean of the + arrival times of every packet of the session. A single value of + the metric (for a single session) may not be useful by itself, but + its average over a number of sessions may be useful in diagnosing + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + media delay at session startup. For example, this might occur if + media packets are often delayed behind signaling packets due to + head-of-line blocking. + + If the measured value is more negative than -2047.9375 (the value + that would be coded as 0x8001), the value 0x8000 SHOULD be + reported to indicate an over-range negative measurement. If the + measured value is more positive than +2047.8125 (the value that + would be coded as 0x7FFD), the value 0x7FFE SHOULD be reported to + indicate an over-range positive measurement. If the measurement + is unavailable, the value 0x7FFF MUST be reported. + + Reserved: 16 bits + + These bits are reserved for future definition. They MUST be set + to zero by the sender and ignored by the receiver. + +3.3. Guidance on Use of PDV Metrics + + This subsection provides informative guidance on when it might be + appropriate to use each of the PDV metric types. + + MAPDV2 (Clause 6.2.3.2 of [G.1020]) is the envelope of instantaneous + (per-packet) delay when compared to the short-term moving average + delay. This metric could be useful in determining residual + impairment when an RTP end system uses an adaptive de-jitter buffer + that tracks the average delay variation, provided that the averaging + behavior of the adaptive algorithm is similar to that of the MAPDV2 + algorithm. + + 2-point PDV (Clause 6.2.4 of [Y.1540]) reports absolute packet delay + variation with respect to a defined reference packet transfer delay. + Note that the reference packet is generally selected as the packet + with minimum delay based on the most common criterion (see Sections 1 + and 5.1 of [RFC5481]). In an RTP context, the two "points" are at + the sender (the synchronization source that applies RTP timestamps) + and at the receiver. The value of this metric for the packet with + index j is identical to the quantity D(i,j) defined in Section 6.4.1 + of [RFC3550], and the packet index i should be set equal to the index + of the reference packet for the metric in practice. The metric + includes the effect of the frequency offsets of clocks in both the + sender and receiver end systems, so it is useful mainly in networks + where synchronization is distributed. As well as measuring packet + delay variation in such networks, it may be used to ensure that + synchronization is effective, for example, where the network carries + ISDN data traffic over RTP [RFC4040]. The metric is likely to be + useful in networks that use fixed de-jitter buffering, because it may + be used to determine the length of the required de-jitter buffer, or + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + to determine if network performance has deteriorated such that + existing de-jitter buffers are too small to accommodate the observed + delay variation. + +3.4. Examples of Use + + (a) To report MAPDV2 [G.1020]: + + Pos PDV Threshold = 50.0; Pos PDV Percentile = 95.3; Neg PDV + Threshold = 50.0 (note this implies -50 ms); Neg PDV Percentile + = 98.4; PDV type = 0 (MAPDV2) + + causes average MAPDV2 to be reported in the Mean PDV field. + + Note that implementations either may fix the reported + percentile and calculate the associated PDV level or may fix a + threshold PDV level and calculate the associated percentile. + From a practical implementation perspective, it is simpler to + use the second of these approaches (except of course in the + extreme case of the 100th percentile). + + (b) To report 2-point PDV [Y.1540]: + + Pos PDV Threshold = 60 (note this implies +60 ms); Pos PDV + Percentile = 96.3; Neg PDV Threshold = 0; Neg PDV Percentile = + 0; PDV type = 1 (2-point PDV) + + causes 2-point PDV to be reported in the Mean PDV field. + + 2-point PDV, according to [Y.1540] is the difference in delay + between the current packet and the referenced packet of the + stream. If the sending and receiving clocks are not + synchronized, this metric includes the effect of relative + timing drift. + +4. SDP Signaling + + [RFC3611] defines the use of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) + [RFC4566] for signaling the use of XR blocks. XR blocks MAY be used + without prior signaling. + + This section augments the SDP [RFC4566] attribute "rtcp-xr" defined + in [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to + signal the use of the report block defined in this document. + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + xr-format =/ xr-pdv-block + + xr-pdv-block = "pkt-dly-var" [ "," pdvtype ] [ "," nspec "," pspec ] + + pdvtype = "pdv=" ( "0" ; MAPDV2 ITU-T G.1020 + / "1" ; 2-point PDV ITU-T Y.1540 + / 1*2DIGIT ) ;Value 2~15 are valid and + ;reserved for future use + nspec = ("nthr=" fixpoint) ; negative PDV threshold (ms) + / ("npc=" fixpoint ) ; negative PDV percentile + pspec = ("pthr=" fixpoint) ; positive PDV threshold (ms) + / ("ppc=" fixpoint) ; positive PDV percentile + + fixpoint = 1*DIGIT "." 1*DIGIT ; fixed point decimal + DIGIT = <as defined in Section 3.4 of [RFC5234]> + + When SDP is used in offer/answer, a system sending SDP may request a + specific type of PDV measurement. In addition, they may state a + specific percentile or threshold value and expect to receive the + corresponding threshold or percentile metric, respectively. The + system receiving the SDP SHOULD send the PDV metrics requested, but + if the metric is not available, the system receiving the SDP MUST + send the metric block with the flag value indicating that the metric + is unavailable. + +5. IANA Considerations + + New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration. For + general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, refer to + [RFC3611]. + +5.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value + + This document assigns the block type value 15 in the IANA "RTCP XR + Block Type" registry to the "Packet Delay Variation Metrics Block". + +5.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter + + This document also registers a new parameter "pkt-dly-var" in the + "RTCP XR SDP Parameters" registry. + + + + + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +5.3. Contact Information for Registrations + + The contact information for the registrations is: + + Qin Wu (sunseawq@huawei.com) + + 101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District + Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012 + China + +5.4. New Registry of PDV Types + + This document creates a new registry to be called "RTCP XR PDV block + - PDV type" as a sub-registry of the "RTP Control Protocol Extended + Reports (RTCP XR) Block Type Registry". Policies for this new + registry are as follows: + + o The information required to support an assignment is an + unambiguous definition of the new metric, covering the base + measurements and how they are processed to generate the reported + metric. This should include the units of measurement, how values + of the metric are reported in the three 16-bit fields "Pos PDV + Threshold/Peak", "Neg PDV Threshold/Peak", and "Mean PDV" within + the report block, and how the metric uses the two 16-bit fields + "Pos PDV Percentile" and "Neg PDV Percentile". + + o The review process for the registry is "Specification Required" as + described in Section 4.1 of [RFC5226]. + + o Entries in the registry are unsigned 4-bit integers. The valid + range is 0 to 15 corresponding to the 4-bit field "pdvtyp" in the + block. Values are to be recorded in decimal. + + o Initial assignments are as follows: + + * 0: MAPDV2, Clause 6.2.3.2 of [G.1020], + + * 1: 2-point PDV, Clause 6.2.4 of [Y.1540], + + * 2-15: Reserved for future use. + +6. Security Considerations + + It is believed that this proposed RTCP XR block introduces no new + security considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611]. This + block does not provide per-packet statistics so the risk to + confidentiality documented in Section 7, paragraph 3, of [RFC3611] + does not apply. + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + +7. Contributors + + Geoff Hunt wrote the initial version of this document. + +8. Acknowledgments + + The authors gratefully acknowledge reviews and feedback provided by + Bruce Adams, Philip Arden, Amit Arora, Bob Biskner, Kevin Connor, + Claus Dahm, Randy Ethier, Roni Even, Jim Frauenthal, Albert Higashi, + Tom Hock, Shane Holthaus, Paul Jones, Rajesh Kumar, Keith Lantz, + Mohamed Mostafa, Amy Pendleton, Colin Perkins, Mike Ramalho, Ravi + Raviraj, Albrecht Schwarz, Tom Taylor, Hideaki Yamada, Jing Zhao, + Kevin Gross, Colin Perkins, Charles Eckel, Glen Zorn, Shida Schubert, + Benoit Claise, Adrian Farrel, and Pete Resnick. + +9. References + +9.1. Normative References + + [G.1020] ITU-T Rec. G. 1020, "Performance parameter definitions for + quality of speech and other voiceband applications + utilizing IP networks", July 2006. + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. + Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time + Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003. + + [RFC3611] Friedman, T., Caceres, R., and A. Clark, "RTP Control + Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)", RFC 3611, + November 2003. + + [RFC4040] Kreuter, R., "RTP Payload Format for a 64 kbit/s + Transparent Call", RFC 4040, April 2005. + + [RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session + Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006. + + [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an + IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, + May 2008. + + [RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax + Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 6798 RTCP XR Packet Delay Variation November 2012 + + + [RFC6776] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "Measurement Identity and Information + Reporting Using a Source Description (SDES) Item and an + RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block", RFC 6776, October 2012. + + [Y.1540] ITU-T Rec. Y.1540, "IP packet transfer and availability + performance parameters", November 2007. + +9.2. Informative References + + [MONARCH] Wu, W., Hunt, G., and P. Arden, "Guidelines for Use of the + RTP Monitoring Framework", Work in Progress, + September 2012. + + [RFC5481] Morton, A. and B. Claise, "Packet Delay Variation + Applicability Statement", RFC 5481, March 2009. + + [RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Guidelines for Considering New + Performance Metric Development", BCP 170, RFC 6390, + October 2011. + +Authors' Addresses + + Alan Clark + Telchemy Incorporated + 2905 Premiere Parkway, Suite 280 + Duluth, GA 30097 + USA + + EMail: alan.d.clark@telchemy.com + + + Qin Wu + Huawei + 101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District + Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012 + China + + EMail: sunseawq@huawei.com + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Clark & Wu Standards Track [Page 13] + |