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+
+
+Network Working Group J. Postel
+Request for Comments: 820 J. Vernon
+ January 1983
+
+Obsoletes RFCs: 790, 776, 770, 762,
+758, 755, 750, 739, 604, 503, 433, 349
+Obsoletes IENs: 127, 117, 93
+
+
+
+ ASSIGNED NUMBERS
+
+
+
+
+This Network Working Group Request for Comments documents the currently
+assigned values from several series of numbers used in network protocol
+implementations. This RFC will be updated periodically, and in any case
+current information can be obtained from Jon Postel. The assignment of
+numbers is also handled by Jon, subject to the agreement between
+DARPA/IPTO and DDN/PMO about number allocation, documented in Appendix A
+of this RFC. If you are developing a protocol or application that will
+require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number
+please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.
+
+ Jon Postel
+ USC - Information Sciences Institute
+ 4676 Admiralty Way
+ Marina del Rey, California 90291
+
+ phone: (213) 822-1511
+
+ ARPANET mail: POSTEL@ISIF
+
+The ARPANET community is making the transition form the ARPANET to the
+ARPA Internet. This has been characterized as the NCP/TCP transition
+[63], although many other the protocols are involved, too. The working
+documents for the new Internet environment have been collected by the
+Network Information Center (NIC) in a book entitled the "Internet
+Protocol Transition Workbook" [62].
+
+Most of the protocols mentioned here are documented in the RFC series of
+notes. The more prominent and more generally used are documented in the
+"Internet Protocol Transition Workbook" or in the old "Protocol
+Handbook" [17] prepared by the NIC. Some of the items listed are
+undocumented.
+
+In all cases the name and mailbox of the responsible individual is
+indicated. In the lists that follow, a bracketed entry, e.g., [17,iii],
+at the right hand margin of the page indicates a reference for the
+listed protocol, where the number cites the document and the "iii" cites
+the person.
+
+
+Postel [Page 1]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Network Numbers
+
+
+ ASSIGNED NETWORK NUMBERS
+
+ The network numbers listed here are used as internet addresses by the
+ Internet Protocol (IP) [33,62]. The IP uses a 32-bit address field
+ and divides that address into a network part and a "rest" or local
+ address part. The division takes 3 forms or classes.
+
+ The first type of address, or class A, has a 7-bit network number
+ and a 24-bit local address. The highest-order bit is set to 0.
+ This allows 128 class A networks.
+
+ 1 2 3
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ |0| NETWORK | Local Address |
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+ Class A Address
+
+ The second type of address, class B, has a 14-bit network number
+ and a 16-bit local address. The two highest-order bits are set to
+ 1-0. This allows 16,384 class B networks.
+
+ 1 2 3
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ |1 0| NETWORK | Local Address |
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+ Class B Address
+
+ The third type of address, class C, has a 21-bit network number
+ and a 8-bit local address. The three highest-order bits are set
+ to 1-0-0. This allows 2,097,152 class C networks.
+
+ 1 2 3
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ |1 1 0| NETWORK | Local Address |
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+
+ Class C Address
+
+ One commonly used notation for internet host addresses divides the
+ 32-bit address into four 8-bit fields and specifies the value of each
+ field as a decimal number with the fields separated by periods. This
+ is called the "dotted decimal" notation. For example, the internet
+ address of ISIF in dotted decimal is 010.002.000.052, or 10.2.0.52.
+
+
+Postel [Page 2]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Network Numbers
+
+
+ The dotted decimal notation will be used in the listing of assigned
+ network numbers. The class A networks will have nnn.rrr.rrr.rrr, the
+ class B networks will have nnn.nnn.rrr.rrr, and the class C networks
+ will have nnn.nnn.nnn.rrr, where nnn represents part or all of a
+ network number and rrr represents part or all of a local address or
+ rest field.
+
+ For various reasons, the assigned numbers of networks are sometimes
+ changed. To ease the transition the old number will be listed as
+ well. These "old number" entries will be marked with a "T" following
+ the number and preceeding the name.
+
+ To reflect the allocation of network identifiers among various
+ categories (see Appendix A), a one-character code is placed to the
+ left of the network number (in the column marked by an asterisk): R
+ for Research and Development, D for DoD, and C for Commercial.
+
+ Assigned Network Numbers
+
+ Class A Networks
+
+ * Internet Address Name Network References
+ ---------------- ---- ------- ----------
+ 000.rrr.rrr.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+ R 001.rrr.rrr.rrr T BBN-PR BBN Packet Radio Network [JAW3]
+ R 002.rrr.rrr.rrr T SF-PR-1 SF-1 Packet Radio Network [JEM]
+ R 003.rrr.rrr.rrr RCC-NET BBN RCC Network [JGH]
+ R 004.rrr.rrr.rrr SATNET Atlantic Satellite Network[DM11]
+ D 005.rrr.rrr.rrr T DEMO-PR-1 Demo-1 Packet Radio Network[LCS]
+ R 006.rrr.rrr.rrr T SF-PR-2 SF-2 Packet Radio Network [JEM]
+ 007.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 008.rrr.rrr.rrr BBN-NET BBN Network [JGH]
+ D 009.rrr.rrr.rrr T BRAGG-PR Ft. Bragg Packet Radio Net [JEM]
+ R 010.rrr.rrr.rrr ARPANET ARPANET [17,1,REK2]
+ R 011.rrr.rrr.rrr T UCLNET University College London [PK]
+ 012.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 013.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ C 014.rrr.rrr.rrr PDN Public Data Network [REK2]
+ 015.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 016.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 017.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 018.rrr.rrr.rrr MIT MIT Network [10,43,NC3]
+ 019.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 020.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ D 021.rrr.rrr.rrr EDN DCEC EDN [EC5]
+ 022.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 023.rrr.rrr.rrr MITRE MITRE Cablenet [44,APS]
+ 024.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+
+
+Postel [Page 3]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Network Numbers
+
+
+ R 025.rrr.rrr.rrr RSRE-PPSN RSRE / PPSN [NM]
+ D 026.rrr.rrr.rrr MILNET MILNET [HH6]
+ R 027.rrr.rrr.rrr NOSC-LCCN NOSC / LCCN [KTP]
+ R 028.rrr.rrr.rrr WIDEBAND Wide Band Satellite Net [CJW2]
+ 029.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 030.rrr.rrr.rrr DCN-UCL UCL DCNET [PK]
+ 031.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 032.rrr.rrr.rrr UCL-TAC UCL TAC [PK]
+ 033.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 034.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 035.rrr.rrr.rrr RSRE-NULL RSRE Null Network [NM]
+ R 036.rrr.rrr.rrr T SU-NET Stanford University Network[JCM]
+ 037.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 038.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 039.rrr.rrr.rrr SRINET SRI Local Network [GEOF]
+ 040.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 041.rrr.rrr.rrr BBN-LN-TEST BBN Local Network Testbed [KTP]
+ 042.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 043.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 044.rrr.rrr.rrr AMPRNET Amateur Radio Experiment Net[HM]
+ R 045.rrr.rrr.rrr T C3-PR Testbed Development PRNET [BG5]
+ R 046.rrr.rrr.rrr UCB-ETHER UC Berkeley Ethernet [SXL]
+ R 047.rrr.rrr.rrr T SAC-PR SAC Packet Radio Network [BG5]
+ R 048.rrr.rrr.rrr NDRE-TIU NDRE-TIU [PS3]
+ 049.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 050.rrr.rrr.rrr NDRE-RING NDRE-RING [PS3]
+ 051.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 052.rrr.rrr.rrr T ROCKWELL-PR Rockwell Packet Radio Net [EHP]
+ 053.rrr.rrr.rrr-126.rrr.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 127.rrr.rrr.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+
+ Class B Networks
+
+ * Internet Address Name Network References
+ ---------------- ---- ------- ----------
+ 128.000.rrr.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+ R 128.001.rrr.rrr BBN-TEST-B BBN-GATE-TEST-B [RH6]
+ R 128.002.rrr.rrr CMU-NET CMU-Ethernet [HDW2]
+ R 128.003.rrr.rrr LBL-CSAM LBL-CSAM-RESEARCH [MO1]
+ R 128.004.rrr.rrr DCNET LINKABIT DCNET [DLM1]
+ R 128.005.rrr.rrr FORDNET FORD DCNET [DLM1]
+ R 128.006.rrr.rrr RUTGERS RUTGERS [CLH3]
+ R 128.007.rrr.rrr DFVLR DFVLR DCNET Network [HDC1]
+ R 128.008.rrr.rrr UMDNET Univ of Maryland DCNET [DLM1]
+ R 128.009.rrr.rrr ISI-NET ISI Local Network [CMR]
+ R 128.010.rrr.rrr PURDUE-CS Purdue Computer Science [CXK]
+ R 128.011.rrr.rrr BBN-CRONUS BBN DOS Project [12,WIM]
+ R 128.012.rrr.rrr SU-NET Stanford University Net [JCM]
+
+
+Postel [Page 4]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Network Numbers
+
+
+ D 128.013.rrr.rrr MATNET Mobile Access Terminal Net[DM11]
+ R 128.014.rrr.rrr BBN-SAT-TEST BBN SATNET Test Net [DM11]
+ R 128.015.rrr.rrr S1NET LLL-S1-NET [EAK1]
+ R 128.016.rrr.rrr UCLNET University College London [PK]
+ 128.017.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 128.018.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 128.019.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 128.020.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 128.021.rrr.rrr SF-PR-1 SF-1 Packet Radio Network [JEM]
+ R 128.022.rrr.rrr SF-PR-2 SF-2 Packet Radio Network [JEM]
+ R 128.023.rrr.rrr BBN-PR BBN Packet Radio Network [JAW3]
+ R 128.024.rrr.rrr ROCKWELL-PR Rockwell Packet Radio Net [EHP]
+ D 128.025.rrr.rrr BRAGG-PR Ft. Bragg Packet Radio Net [JEM]
+ D 128.026.rrr.rrr SAC-PR SAC Packet Radio Network [BG5]
+ D 128.027.rrr.rrr DEMO-PR-1 Demo-1 Packet Radio Network[LCS]
+ D 128.028.rrr.rrr C3-PR Testbed Development PR NET [BG5]
+ 128.029.rrr.rrr-191.254.rrr.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 191.255.rrr.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+
+ Class C Networks
+
+ * Internet Address Name Network References
+ ---------------- ---- ------- ----------
+ 192.000.000.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+ R 192.000.001.rrr BBN-TEST-C BBN-GATE-TEST-C [RH6]
+ 192.000.002.rrr-192.000.255.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ R 192.001.xxx.rrr-192.004.xxx.rrr BBN local networks [SGC]
+ R 192.005.001.rrr CISLNET CISL Multics Network [CH2]
+ R 192.005.002.rrr WISC Univ of Wisconsin Madison [RS23]
+ C 192.005.003.rrr HP-DESIGN-AIDS HP Design Aids [NXK]
+ C 192.005.004.rrr HP-TCG-UNIX Hewlett Packard TCG Unix [NXK]
+ D 192.005.005.rrr BRLNET BRLNET [1,MJM2]
+ D 192.005.006.rrr MINET MINET [1,DHH]
+ R 192.005.007.rrr CIT-CS-NET Caltech-CS-Net [65,DSW]
+ R 192.005.008.rrr WASHINGTON University of Washington [JAR4]
+ R 192.005.009.rrr AERONET Aerospace Labnet [9,LCN]
+ R 192.005.010.rrr ECLNET USC-ECL-CAMPUS-NET [MXB]
+ R 192.005.011.rrr CSS-RING SEISMIC-RESEARCH-NET [RR2]
+ R 192.005.012.rrr UTAH-NET UTAH-COMPUTER-SCIENCE-NET [RF1]
+ 192.005.013.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.014.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.015.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.016.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.017.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.018.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.019.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 192.005.020.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ D 192.005.021.rrr BRLNET1 BRLNET1 [1,MJM2]
+
+
+Postel [Page 5]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Network Numbers
+
+
+ D 192.005.022.rrr BRLNET2 BRLNET2 [1,MJM2]
+ D 192.005.022.rrr BRLNET3 BRLNET3 [1,MJM2]
+ D 192.005.022.rrr BRLNET4 BRLNET4 [1,MJM2]
+ D 192.005.022.rrr BRLNET5 BRLNET54 [1,MJM2]
+ 192.005.026.rrr-223.255.254.rrr Unassigned [JBP]
+ 223.255.255.rrr Reserved [JBP]
+
+ Other Reserved Internet Addresses
+
+ Internet Address Name Network References
+ ---------------- ---- ------- ----------
+ 224.000.000.000-255.255.255.255 Reserved [JBP]
+
+ Network Totals
+
+ Assigned
+
+ Class A B C Total
+
+ Research 26 19 1033 1078
+
+ Defense 4 5 7 16
+
+ Commercial 1 0 2 3
+
+ Total 31 24 1042 1097
+
+ Maximum Allowed
+
+ Class A B C Total
+
+ Research 8 1024 65536 66568
+
+ Defense 24 3072 458752 461848
+
+ Commercial 94 12286 1572862 1585242
+
+ Total 126 16382 2097150 2113658
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 6]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Internet Version Numbers
+
+
+ ASSIGNED INTERNET VERSION NUMBERS
+
+ In the Internet Protocol (IP) [33,62] there is a field to identify
+ the version of the internetwork general protocol. This field is 4
+ bits in size.
+
+ Assigned Internet Version Numbers
+
+ Decimal Octal Version References
+ ------- ----- ------- ----------
+ 0 0 Reserved [JBP]
+ 1-3 1-3 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 4 4 Internet Protocol [33,62,JBP]
+ 5 5 ST Datagram Mode [20,JWF]
+ 6-14 6-16 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 15 17 Reserved [JBP]
+
+ ASSIGNED INTERNET PROTOCOL NUMBERS
+
+ In the Internet Protocol (IP) [33,62] there is a field, called
+ Protocol, to identify the the next level protocol. This is an 8 bit
+ field.
+
+ Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers
+
+ Decimal Octal Protocol References
+ ------- ----- ---------------- ----------
+ 0 0 Reserved [JBP]
+ 1 1 ICMP [53,62,JBP]
+ 2 2 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 3 3 Gateway-to-Gateway [48,49,JFH2]
+ 4 4 CMCC Gateway Monitoring Message [18,19,MB]
+ 5 5 Stream (ST) [20,JWF]
+ 6 6 Transmission Control (TCP) [34,62,JBP]
+ 7 7 UCL [PK]
+ 8 10 Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) [66,RH6]
+ 9 11 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 10 12 BBN RCC Monitoring [SGC]
+ 11 13 NVP [12,SC3]
+ 12 14 PUP [4,EAT3]
+ 13-14 15-16 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 15 17 Cross Net Debugger (XNET) [25,JFH2]
+ 16 20 Chaos Stream [NC3]
+ 17 21 User Datagram (UDP) [42,62,JBP]
+ 18 22 Multiplexing [13,JBP]
+ 19 23 DCN Measurement Subsystems [DLM1]
+ 20 24 Host Monitoring (HMP) [55,RH6]
+ 21 25 Packet Radio Measurement [ZSU]
+
+
+Postel [Page 7]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Internet Protocol Numbers
+
+
+ 22 26 XEROX NS IP [59,JBP]
+ 23 27 Trunk-1 [BML]
+ 24 30 Trunk-2 [BML]
+ 25-60 31-74 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 61 75 any host internal protocol [JBP]
+ 62 76 CFTP [60,HCF2]
+ 63 77 any local network [JBP]
+ 64 100 SATNET and Backroom EXPAK [DM11]
+ 65 101 MIT Subnet Support [NC3]
+ 66 102 MIT VAX Remote Disk Protocol [MBG]
+ 67 103 Internet Pluribus Packet Core [DM11]
+ 68 104 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 69 105 SATNET Monitoring [DM11]
+ 70 106 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 71 107 Internet Packet Core Utility [DM11]
+ 72-75 110-113 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 76 114 Backroom SATNET Monitoring [DM11]
+ 77 115 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 78 116 WIDEBAND Monitoring [DM11]
+ 79 117 WIDEBAND EXPAK [DM11]
+ 80-254 120-376 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 255 377 Reserved [JBP]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 8]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Port Numbers
+
+
+ ASSIGNED PORT NUMBERS
+
+ Ports are used in the TCP [34,62] to name the ends of logical
+ connections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose of
+ providing services to unknown callers a service contact port is
+ defined. This list specifies the port used by the server process as
+ its contact port. The contact port is sometimes called the
+ "well-known port".
+
+ To the extent possible these same port assignments are used with
+ UDP [42,62].
+
+ The assigned ports use a small portion of the possible port numbers.
+ The assigned ports have all except the low order eight bits cleared
+ to zero. The low order eight bits are specified here.
+
+ Port Assignments:
+
+ Decimal Octal Description References
+ ------- ----- ----------- ----------
+ 1 1 Old Telnet [40,JBP]
+ 3 3 Old File Transfer [27,11,24,JBP]
+ 5 5 Remote Job Entry [6,17,JBP]
+ 7 7 Echo [35,JBP]
+ 9 11 Discard [32,JBP]
+ 11 13 Who is on or SYSTAT [JBP]
+ 13 15 Date and Time [JBP]
+ 15 17 Who is up or NETSTAT [JBP]
+ 17 21 Short Text Message [JBP]
+ 19 23 Character generator or TTYTST [31,JBP]
+ 20 24 File Transfer (Default Data) [36,62,JBP]
+ 21 25 File Transfer (Control) [36,62,JBP]
+ 23 27 Telnet [41,62,JBP]
+ 25 31 SMTP [54,62,JBP]
+ 27 33 NSW User System FE [14,RHT]
+ 29 35 MSG ICP [29,RHT]
+ 31 37 MSG Authentication [29,RHT]
+ 33 41 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 35 43 IO Station Spooler [JBP]
+ 37 45 Time Server [22,JBP]
+ 39 47 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 41 51 Graphics [46,17,JBP]
+ 42 52 Name Server [38,62,JBP]
+ 43 53 WhoIs [57,62,JAKE]
+ 45 55 Message Processing Module (receive) [37,JBP]
+ 46 56 MPM (default send) [37,JBP]
+ 47 57 NI FTP [50,SK]
+ 49-53 61-65 Unassigned [JBP]
+
+
+Postel [Page 9]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Port Numbers
+
+
+ 55 67 ISI Graphics Language [3,RB6]
+ 57 71 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 59 73 Augment File Mover [WWB]
+ 61 75 NIMAIL [56,SK]
+ 63 77 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 65 101 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 67 103 Datacomputer at CCA [8,JZS]
+ 69 105 Trivial File Transfer [47,62,KRS]
+ 71 107 NETRJS [5,17,RTB]
+ 72 110 NETRJS [5,17,RTB]
+ 73 111 NETRJS [5,17,RTB]
+ 74 112 NETRJS [5,17,RTB]
+ 75 113 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 77 115 any private RJE server [JBP]
+ 79 117 Name or Finger [23,17,KLH]
+ 81 121 HOSTS2 Name Server [EAK1]
+ 83 123 MIT ML Device [DPR]
+ 85 125 MIT ML Device [DPR]
+ 87 127 any terminal link [JBP]
+ 89 131 SU/MIT Telnet Gateway [MRC]
+ 91 133 MIT Dover Spooler [EBM]
+ 93 135 Device Control Protocol [DCT]
+ 95 137 SUPDUP [15,MRC]
+ 97 141 Datacomputer Status [8,JZS]
+ 99 143 Metagram Relay [GEOF]
+ 101 145 NIC Host Name Server [64,62,JAKE]
+ 103 147 CSNET Mailbox Name Server (Telnet) [58,MHS1]
+ 105 151 CSNET Mailbox Name Server (Program) [58,MHS1]
+ 107 153 Remote Telnet Service [61,JBP]
+ 109-129 155-201 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 131 203 Datacomputer [8,JZS]
+ 132-223 204-337 Reserved [JBP]
+ 224-241 340-361 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 243 363 Survey Measurement [2,AV]
+ 245 365 LINK [7,RDB2]
+ 247-255 367-377 Unassigned [JBP]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 10]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Autonomous System Numbers
+
+
+ ASSIGNED AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM NUMBERS
+
+ The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) [66] specifies that groups of
+ gateways may for autonomous systems. The EGP provides a 16-bit field
+ for identifying such systems. The values of this field are
+ registered here.
+
+ Autonomous System Numbers:
+
+ Decimal Description References
+ ------- ----------- ----------
+ 0 Reserved [JBP]
+ 1 The BBN Gateways [JBP]
+ 2-65534 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 65535 Reserved [JBP]
+
+ ASSIGNED ARPANET LINK NUMBERS
+
+ The word "link" here refers to a field in the original ARPANET
+ Host/IMP interface leader. The link was originally defined as an 8
+ bit field. Some time after the ARPANET Host-to-Host (AHHP) protocol
+ was defined and, by now some years ago, the definition of this field
+ was changed to "Message-ID" and the length to 12 bits. The name link
+ now refers to the high order 8 bits of this 12 bit message-id field.
+ The low order 4 bits of the message-id field are to be zero unless
+ specifically specified otherwise for the particular protocol used on
+ that link. The Host/IMP interface is defined in BBN report 1822 [1].
+
+ Link Assignments:
+
+ Decimal Octal Description References
+ ------- ----- ----------- ----------
+ 0 0 AHHP Control Messages [28,17,JBP]
+ 1 1 Reserved [JBP]
+ 2-71 2-107 AHHP Regular Messages [28,17,JBP]
+ 72-149 110-225 Reserved [JBP]
+ 150 226 Xerox NS IP [59,LLG]
+ 151 227 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 152 230 PARC Universal Protocol [4,EAT3]
+ 153 231 TIP Status Reporting [JGH]
+ 154 232 TIP Accounting [JGH]
+ 155 233 Internet Protocol (regular) [33,62,JBP]
+ 156-158 234-236 Internet Protocol (experimental) [33,62,JBP]
+ 159-195 237-303 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 196-255 304-377 Experimental Protocols [JBP]
+ 248-255 370-377 Network Maintenance [JGH]
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 11]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Ethernet Numbers of Interest
+
+
+ ETHERNET NUMBERS OF INTEREST
+
+ Many of the networks of all classes are Ethernets (10Mb) or
+ Experimental Ethernets (3Mb). These systems use a message "type"
+ field in much the same way the ARPANET uses the "link" field.
+
+ Assignments:
+
+ Ethernet Exp. Ethernet Description References
+ -------------- -------------- ----------- ----------
+ decimal Hex decimal octal
+ 512 02,00 512 1000 XEROX PUP [4,EAT3]
+ 1536 06,00 1536 3000 XEROX NS IDP [59,LLG]
+ 2048 08,00 513 1001 DOD IP [33,62,JBP]
+ 2054 08,06 - - Address Res [67,DCP1]
+
+ ASSIGNED PUBLIC DATA NETWORK NUMBERS
+
+ One of the Internet Class A Networks is the international system of
+ Public Data Networks. This section lists the mapping between the
+ Internet Addresses and the Public Data Network Addresses.
+
+ Assignments:
+
+ Internet Public Data Net Description References
+ --------------- --------------- ----------- ----------
+ 014.000.000.000 Reserved [JBP]
+ 014.000.000.001 311031700035 00 PURDUE-TN [CXK]
+ 014.000.000.002 311060800027 00 UWISC-TN [CXK]
+ 014.000.000.003 311030200024 00 UDEL-TN [CXK]
+ 014.000.000.004 234219200149 23 UCL-VTEST [PK]
+ 014.000.000.005 234219200300 23 UCL-TG [PK]
+ 014.000.000.006 234219200300 25 UK-SATNET [PK]
+ 014.000.000.007-014.255.255.254 Unassigned [JBP]
+ 014.255.255.255 Reserved [JBP]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 12]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Documents
+
+
+ DOCUMENTS
+ ---------
+
+ [1] BBN, "Specifications for the Interconnection of a Host and an
+ IMP", Report 1822, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Cambridge,
+ Massachusetts, May 1978.
+
+ [2] Bhushan, A., "A Report on the Survey Project", RFC 530,
+ NIC 17375, 22 June 1973.
+
+ [3] Bisbey, R., D. Hollingworth, and B. Britt, "Graphics Language
+ (version 2.1)", ISI/TM-80-18, USC/Information Sciences
+ Institute, July 1980.
+
+ [4] Boggs, D., J. Shoch, E. Taft, and R. Metcalfe, "PUP: An
+ Internetwork Architecture", XEROX Palo Alto Research Center,
+ CSL-79-10, July 1979; also in IEEE Transactions on
+ Communication, Volume COM-28, Number 4, April 1980.
+
+ [5] Braden, R., "NETRJS Protocol", RFC 740, NIC 42423,
+ 22 November 1977. Also in [17].
+
+ [6] Bressler, B., "Remote Job Entry Protocol", RFC 407, NIC
+ 12112, 16 October 72. Also in [17].
+
+ [7] Bressler, R., "Inter-Entity Communication -- An Experiment",
+ RFC 441, NIC 13773, 19 January 1973.
+
+ [8] CCA, "Datacomputer Version 5/4 User Manual", Computer
+ Corporation of America, August 1979.
+
+ [9] Aerospace, Internal Report, ATM-83(3920-01)-3, 1982.
+
+ [10] Clark, D., "Revision of DSP Specification", Local Network Note
+ 9, Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT, 17 June 1977.
+
+ [11] Clements, R., "FTPSRV -- Extensions for Tenex Paged Files",
+ RFC 683, NIC 32251, 3 April 1975. Also in [17].
+
+ [12] Macgregor, W., and D. Tappan, "The CRONUS Virtual Local
+ Network", RFC 824, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.,
+ 22 August 1982.
+
+ [13] Cohen, D. and J. Postel, "Multiplexing Protocol", IEN 90,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, May 1979.
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 13]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Documents
+
+
+ [14] COMPASS, "Semi-Annual Technical Report", CADD-7603-0411,
+ Massachusetts Computer Associates, 4 March 1976. Also as,
+ "National Software Works, Status Report No. 1,"
+ RADC-TR-76-276, Volume 1, September 1976. And COMPASS. "Second
+ Semi-Annual Report," CADD-7608-1611, Massachusetts Computer
+ Associates, 16 August 1976.
+
+ [15] Crispin, M., "SUPDUP Protocol", RFC 734, NIC 41953,
+ 7 October 1977. Also in [17].
+
+ [17] Feinler, E. and J. Postel, eds., "ARPANET Protocol Handbook",
+ NIC 7104, for the Defense Communications Agency by SRI
+ International, Menlo Park, California, Revised January 1978.
+
+ [18] Flood Page, D., "Gateway Monitoring Protocol", IEN 131,
+ February 1980.
+
+ [19] Flood Page, D., "CMCC Performance Measurement Message
+ Formats", IEN 157, September 1980.
+
+ [20] Forgie, J., "ST - A Proposed Internet Stream Protocol",
+ IEN 119, M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory, September 1979.
+
+ [21] Forsdick, H., and A. McKenzie, "FTP Functional Specification",
+ Bolt Beranek and Newman, Report 4051, August 1979.
+
+ [22] Harrenstien, K., J. Postel, "Time Server", IEN 142,
+ April 1980. Also in [17].
+
+ [23] Harrenstien, K., "Name/Finger", RFC 742, NIC 42758,
+ 30 December 1977. Also in [17].
+
+ [24] Harvey, B., "One More Try on the FTP", RFC 691, NIC 32700,
+ 6 June 1975.
+
+ [25] Haverty, J., "XNET Formats for Internet Protocol Version 4",
+ IEN 158, October 1980.
+
+ [27] McKenzie, A., "File Transfer Protocol", RFC 454, NIC 14333,
+ 16 February 1973.
+
+ [28] McKenzie,A., "Host/Host Protocol for the ARPA Network",
+ NIC 8246, January 1972. Also in [17].
+
+ [29] NSW Protocol Committee, "MSG: The Interprocess Communication
+ Facility for the National Software Works", CADD-7612-2411,
+ Massachusetts Computer Associates, BBN 3237, Bolt Beranek and
+ Newman, Revised 24 December 1976.
+
+
+Postel [Page 14]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Documents
+
+
+ [31] Postel, J., "Character Generator Process", RFC 429, NIC 13281,
+ 12 December 1972.
+
+ [32] Postel, J., "Discard Process", RFC 348, NIC 10427,
+ 30 May 1972.
+
+ [33] Postel, J., ed., "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program
+ Protocol Specification", RFC 791, USC/Information Sciences
+ Institute, September 1981.
+
+ [34] Postel, J., ed., "Transmission Control Protocol - DARPA
+ Internet Program Protocol Specification", RFC 793,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, September 1981.
+
+ [35] Postel, J., "Echo Process", RFC 347, NIC 10426, 30 May 1972.
+
+ [36] Postel, J., "File Transfer Protocol", RFC 765, IEN 149,
+ June 1980.
+
+ [37] Postel, J., "Internet Message Protocol", RFC 759, IEN 113,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1980.
+
+ [38] Postel, J., "Name Server", IEN 116, USC/Information Sciences
+ Institute, August 1979.
+
+ [39] Postel, J., "Official Initial Connection Protocol", NIC 7101,
+ 11 June 1971. Also in [17].
+
+ [40] Postel, J., "Telnet Protocol", RFC 318, NIC 9348,
+ 3 April 1972.
+
+ [41] Postel, J., "Telnet Protocol Specification", RFC 764, IEN 148,
+ June 1980.
+
+ [42] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", RFC 768 USC/Information
+ Sciences Institute, August 1980.
+
+ [43] Reed, D., "Protocols for the LCS Network", Local Network Note
+ 3, Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT, 29 November 1976.
+
+ [44] Skelton, A., S. Holmgren, and D. Wood, "The MITRE Cablenet
+ Project", IEN 96, April 1979.
+
+ [45] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
+ Messages", RFC 822, Department of Electrical Engineering,
+ University of Delawaugust 1982.
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 15]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Documents
+
+
+ [46] Sproull, R., and E. Thomas. "A Networks Graphics Protocol",
+ NIC 24308, 16 August 1974. Also in [17].
+
+ [47] Sollins, K., "The TFTP Protocol (revision 2)", RFC 783,
+ MIT/LCS, June 1981.
+
+ [48] Strazisar, V., "Gateway Routing: An Implementation
+ Specification", IEN 30, Bolt Berenak and Newman, April 1979.
+
+ [49] Strazisar, V., "How to Build a Gateway", IEN 109, Bolt Berenak
+ and Newman, August 1979.
+
+ [50] The High Level Protocol Group, "A Network Independent File
+ Transfer Protocol", INWG Protocol Note 86, December 1977.
+
+ [51] Thomas, R., "A Resource Sharing Executive for the ARPANET",
+ AFIPS Conference Proceedings, 42:155-163, NCC, 1973.
+
+ [52] Flood Page, D., "A Simple Message Generator", IEN 172, Bolt
+ Berenak and Newman, March 1981.
+
+ [53] Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol - DARPA
+ Internet Program Protocol Specification", RFC 792,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, September 1981.
+
+ [54] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 821,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.
+
+ [55] Littauer, B., "A Host Monitoring Protocol", IEN 197, Bolt
+ Berenak and Newman, September 1981.
+
+ [56] Bennett, C., "A Simple NIFTP-Based Mail System", IEN 169,
+ University College, London, January 1981.
+
+ [57] Harrenstien, K., and V. White, "Nicname/Whois", RFC 812, SRI
+ International, March 1982.
+
+ [58] Solomon, M., L. Landweber, and D, Neuhengen, "The Design of
+ the CSNET Name Server", CS-DN-2, University of Wisconsin,
+ Madison, Revised November 1981.
+
+ [59] XEROX, "Internet Transport Protocols", XSIS 028112, Xerox
+ Corporation, Stamford, Connecticut, December 1981.
+
+ [60] Forsdick, H., "CFTP", Network Message, Bolt Berenak and
+ Newman, January 1982.
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 16]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+Documents
+
+
+ [61] Postel, J., "Remote Telnet Service", RFC 818, USC/Information
+ Sciences Institute, November 1982.
+
+ [62] Feinler, E., "Internet Protocol Transition Workbook", Network
+ Information Center, SRI International, March 1982.
+
+ [63] Postel, J., "The NCP/TCP Transition Plan", RFC 801,
+ USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1981.
+
+ [64] Harrenstien, K., V. White, and E. Feinler, "Hostnames Server",
+ RFC 811, SRI International, March 1982.
+
+ [65] Whelan, D., "The Caltech Computer Science Department Network",
+ 5052:DF:82, Caltech Computer Science Department, 1982.
+
+ [66] Rosen, E., "Exterior Gateway Protocol", RFC 827, Bolt Berenak
+ and Newman, October 1982.
+
+ [67] Plummer, D., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol or
+ Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48-bit Ethernet
+ Addresses for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware", RFC 826, MIT
+ LCS, November 1982.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 17]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+People
+
+
+ PEOPLE
+ ------
+ [RB6] Richard Bisbey ISI Bisbey@ISIB
+ [RTB] Bob Braden UCLA Braden@ISIA
+ [WWB] Bill Barns Tymshare Barns@OFFICE
+ [MB] Michael Brescia BBN Brescia@BBN-Unix
+ [RDB2] Robert Bressler BBN Bressler@BBN-Unix
+ [MXB] Mark Brown USC Mark@USC-ECLB
+ [EC5] Ed Cain DCEC cain@EDN-Unix
+ [SC3] Steve Casner ISI Casner@ISIB
+ [NC3] J. Noel Chiappa MIT JNC@MIT-XX
+ [SGC] Steve Chipman BBN Chipman@BBNA
+ [HDC1] Horst Clausen DFVLR Clausen@ISID
+ [DC] Danny Cohen ISI Cohen@ISIB
+ [MRC] Mark Crispin Stanford Admin.MRC@SU-SCORE
+ [RF1] Randy Frank UTAH Frank@UTAH-20
+ [JAKE] Jake Feinler SRI Feinler@SRI-KL
+ [JWF] Jim Forgie LL Forgie@BBNC
+ [HCF2] Harry Forsdick BBN Forsdick@BBNG
+ [SWG] Stu Galley MIT SWG@MIT-DMS
+ [LLG] Larry Garlick XEROX Garlick@PARC-MAXC
+ [BG5] Bob Gilligan SRI Gilligan@ISID
+ [GEOF] Geoff Goodfellow SRI Geoff@DARCOM-KA
+ [MBG] Michael Greenwald MIT-LCS Greenwald@MIT-Multics
+ [KLH] Ken Harrenstien SRI KLH@NIC
+ [JFH2] Jack Haverty BBN Haverty@BBN-Unix
+ [CLH3] Charles Hedrick RUTGERS Hedrick@RUTGERS
+ [JGH] Jim Herman BBN Herman@BBN-Unix
+ [HH6] Heidi Heiden DCA Heiden@BBNC
+ [PLH] Peter Higginson UCL UKSAT@ISID
+ [RH6] Robert Hinden BBN Hinden@BBN-Unix
+ [CH2] Charles Hornig Honeywell Hornig@MIT-Multics
+ [DHH] Doug Hunt BBN DHunt@BBN-Unix
+ [REK2] Robert Kahn ARPA Kahn@ISIA
+ [NXK] Neil Katin HP hpda.neil@BERKELEY
+ [CXK] Chris Kent PURDUE cak@PURDUE
+ [SK] Steve Kille UCL UKSAT@ISID
+ [EAK1] Earl Killian LLL EAK@MIT-MC
+ [PK] Peter Kirstein UCL Kirstein@ISIA
+ [SXL] Sam Leffler Berkeley sam@BERKELEY
+ [BML] Barry Leiner ARPA Leiner@ISIA
+ [WIM] William Macgregor BBN macg@BBN
+ [NM] Neil MacKenzie RSRE T45@ISID
+ [HM] Hank Magnuski --- JOSE@PARC-MAXC
+ [JEM] Jim Mathis SRI Mathis@SRI-KL
+ [DM11] Dale McNeill BBN mcneill@BBN-Unix
+ [DLM1] David Mills LINKABIT Mills@ISID
+ [JCM] Jeff Mogul STANFORD Mogul@SU-SCORE
+
+
+Postel [Page 18]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+People
+
+
+ [EBM] Eliot Moss MIT EBM@MIT-XX
+ [MJM2] Mike Muuss BRL Mike@BRL
+ [LCN] Lou Nelson AEROSPACE Lou@AEROSPACE
+ [MO2] Michael O'Brien RAND OBrien@RAND-Unix
+ [MO1] Mike O'Dell LBL mo@LBL-Unix
+ [EHP] Ed Perry SRI Perry@SRI-KL
+ [DCP1] David Plummer MIT DCP@MIT-MC
+ [KTP] Ken Pogran BBN Pogran@BBN-Unix
+ [JBP] Jon Postel ISI Postel@ISIF
+ [DPR] David Reed MIT-LCS DPR@MIT-XX
+ [JAR4] Jim Rees WASHINGTON JIM@WASHINGTON
+ [CMR] Craig Rogers ISI Rogers@ISIB
+ [RR2] Raleigh Romine Teledyne romine@SEISMO
+ [RS23] Russel Sandberg WISC root@UWISC
+ [JZS] Joanne Sattely CCA JZS@CCA
+ [LCS] Lou Schreier SRI Schreier@ISID
+ [APS] Anita Skelton MITRE skelton@MITRE
+ [KRS] Karen Sollins MIT Sollins@MIT-XX
+ [MHS1] Marvin Solomon WISC Solomon@UWISC
+ [PS3] Paal Spilling NDRE Paal@DARCOM-KA
+ [ZSU] Zaw-Sing Su SRI ZSu@SRI-TSC
+ [EAT3] Ed Taft XEROX Taft.PA@PARC-MAXC
+ [DCT] Dan Tappan BBN Tappan@BBNG
+ [RHT] Robert Thomas BBN BThomas@BBNG
+ [AV] Al Vezza MIT AV@MIT-XX
+ [HDW2] Howard Wactlar CMU Wactlar@CMU-10B
+ [CJW2] Cliff Weinstein LL cjw@LL-11
+ [JAW3] Jil Westcott BBN Westcott@BBNF
+ [DSW] Dan Whelan Caltech Dan@CIT-20
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 19]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+APPENDIX A
+
+
+ APPENDIX A
+ ----------
+
+ This appendix summarizes the agreements reached by the DDN/PMO and
+ DARPA at a September 1982 meeting concerning the allocation and
+ assignment of the various numbers associated with DoD Protocol
+ Standards and the DARPA Experimental Standards.
+
+ Recommended policy is summarized for each type of number assignment
+ of concern:
+
+ Network Identifiers used by the Internet Protocol
+
+ It is recommended that the available number spaces for class A,
+ B, and C network addresses be allocated among R&D, DoD and
+ commercial uses, and that assignments of these addresses be the
+ responsibility respectively of DARPA, DCA PCCO/DDN and the
+ National Bureau of Standards. The recommended allocations are
+ given below.
+
+ Class A
+
+ R&D allocation: 8 nets assigned by: ARPA
+ DoD allocation: 24 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Commercial allocation: 94 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Reserved Addresses: 0,127
+
+ Class B
+
+ R&D allocation: 1024 nets assigned by: ARPA
+ DoD allocation: 3072 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Commercial allocation: 12286 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Reserved Addresses: 0,16383
+
+ Class C
+
+ R&D allocation: 65536 nets assigned by: ARPA
+ DoD allocation: 458725 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Commercial allocation: 1572862 nets assigned by: TBD
+ Reserved Addresses: 0,2097151
+
+ Class D
+
+ All addresses in this class are reserved for future use,
+ possibly in support of multicast services. They should be
+ allocated to R&D use for the present.
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 20]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+APPENDIX A
+
+
+ Within the R&D community, it will be the policy that network
+ identifiers will only be granted to applicants who show
+ evidence that they are acquiring standard Bolt Beranek and
+ Newman gateway software or have implemented or are acquiring a
+ gateway meeting the External Gateway Protocol requirements.
+ Acquisition of the Berkeley BSD 4.2 UNIX software might be
+ considered evidence of the latter.
+
+ Experimental networks which later become operational need not
+ be renumbered if that would cause hardships. Rather, the
+ identifiers could be moved from R&D to DoD or Commercial
+ status. Thus, network identifiers may change state among R&D,
+ DoD and commercial, but the number of identifiers allocated to
+ each use should remain constant. To make possible this fluid
+ assignment, it is recommended that the network identifier
+ spaces not be allocated by simple partition but rather by
+ specific assignment. It is recommended that DDN/PMO or its
+ designee keep track of the assignments made by DARPA, DDN and
+ NBS to ensure that allocation remains as suggested.
+
+ Protocol Identifiers
+
+ In general, all assignments will be made by the R&D community,
+ but any numbers which become R&D, DoD, national or
+ international standards will be marked as such in this RFC.
+
+ Protocol identifiers 0 and 255 are reserved.
+
+ 95 protocol identifiers are allocated for assignment to DoD
+ standards, 32 for R&D use, and 127 for Commercial, national or
+ international standards.
+
+ Port Numbers
+
+ A recommendation for allocation and assignment of port numbers
+ is to be developed jointly by representatives of the ICCB and
+ PSTP.
+
+ ARPANET Link Numbers
+
+ All unnecessary link number usage will be eliminated by joint
+ effort of the ICCB, PSTP and BBN. BBN will give consideration
+ to the use of link numbers to promote interoperability among
+ various ARPANET interfaces and report to the ICCB, PSTP and
+ DDN/PMO. Examples of possible interoperability issues are:
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 21]
+
+
+RFC 820 January 1983
+ Assigned Numbers
+APPENDIX A
+
+
+ (i) interoperability of 1822 and X.25 interfaces
+
+ (ii) interoperability of SIP and other interfaces
+
+ (iii) logical addressing or other special services
+
+ IP Version Numbers
+
+ These numbers will be assigned only by the R&D community for
+ the purpose of exploring alternatives in internet protocol
+ service expansion, such as inclusion of stream protocol (ST)
+ services.
+
+ TCP, IP and Telnet Option Identifiers
+
+ These numbers will be assigned by the R&D community. Any
+ permanent or experimental assignments will be identified in the
+ documents specifying those protcols.
+
+ Implementation:
+
+ This policy recommendation has not been fully implemented as yet.
+ Currently Jon Postel is acting coordinator for all number
+ assignments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Postel [Page 22]
+