From 4bfd864f10b68b71482b35c818559068ef8d5797 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Voss Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 20:54:24 +0100 Subject: doc: Add RFC documents --- doc/rfc/rfc316.txt | 395 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 395 insertions(+) create mode 100644 doc/rfc/rfc316.txt (limited to 'doc/rfc/rfc316.txt') diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc316.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc316.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..410c868 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc316.txt @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group D. B. McKay +Request for Comments: 316 A. P. Mulleray +NIC: 9346 IBM + February 23 & 24, 1972 + + + ARPA Network Data Management Working Group + + + The meeting had two different phases. The first included + presentations of applications of networks and development work in the + design to allow data sharing in a computer network, the second was a + working meeting in which was discussed what the data management + working group should do. + +Phase I + + JOHN SENIOR, Univ. of Penn. and National Board of Medical Examiners, + Phila., PA., described the use of a network to provide access to + models that simulate medical behavior of patients. These models are + used primarily for teaching and testing physicians. The network + provides an interface by which varieties of terminals can connect to + and access these models. Other data bases exist to which access + through a network may be desirable; however, these data bases have a + "polyglot" of organizations making it presently impossible to use + foreign data bases. + + HECTOR MAYNEZ, National Library of Medicine, described the MEDLINE + system. This has 1000 journals on-line to which access can be made + via a network. This network, as the one above, provides the + interface for access by various terminals. In this network are four + or five computers with other applications such as CAI, clinical + diagnosis, etc. + + RAY BEVERIDGE, MITRE, presented the requirements for the WWMCCS + (World Wide Military Command and Control System) Network. This + network will contain 25 nodes and have a data exchange rate of the + order of 10,000,000 characters per day. Three type of data were + formulated - query data with response on the order of seconds, daily + exchange for updates and reports, and other data for weekly, monthly + or as required reports. + + ERICA PEREZ, MITRE, discussed data management for the WWMCCS Network. + The two problems are determining the location of desired data, and + providing the proper security and reliability for vital data. The + location of data bases will be indicated in directories which may + automatically determine which segment is applicable to a query. The + directory will contain lists of data bases, files users and programs. + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 1] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + The directory can be centralized (all at one location), distributed + (split into pieces but where each piece resides at one location) + partially replicated (split into pieces but in which certain parts + may be replicated at different locations) and completely replicated + (the complete directory at all locations). + + The data management system will have to deal with possibly different + hardware systems and even different local data managements systems. + One solution is to have a standard data management and data + description language for transmission of requests and data in the + network. + + The system will have to provide capabilities for file transfer, + queries, remote batch, and for user communication via a mail box. + The security of the data is maintained by checking user id, terminal + authorization, process authorization and data authorization. + + BOB BROWN, General Motors Research Lab., described the network of + computers at the General Motors Research Center. This network at + present consists of an IBM 360/67, a 360/65, a 370/165, three 1800's + and a Sigma 5. All of these are primarily for graphics use except + the 67 and the 165. An example of how data passes through the + network was given. The styling department develops a design on an + 1800. Data on this design is sent to the 67 for stress and shape + analysis and the results returned to the 1800. After a design is + developed, it is sent to the 65-1800 combination for detailed + analysis for production. Many of the computers are running GM's own + operating systems, and the network control consists of macros added + to these operating systems. Interfacing is done by providing + specific conversion modules to the called when the specific + conversion is required. The 67 will eventually be replaced by a + hierarchical multiprocessor based on the CDC Star-100. + + PHIL MESSING, MITRE, is setting up an experiment to test the + practicability of interfacing a network standard data management + language with local data management systems. In this experiment, a + user will make a request in the network language, this request will + be transmitted to a node, and translated to the language of this + local node. At present, three local systems have been selected to be + used - MADAM at MIT, LISTAR and Lincoln Labs., and NASIS at + NASA/Ames. + + It is not expected that the common data language will be able to + handle all possible requests that may be made. The language should + be able to handle the most common requests, otherwise, some means of + interaction may be set up in order to allow the transmission of more + information to the target system than the common language may allow, + or finally, a user can utilize the local target language. + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 2] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + At a later stage in the experiment, a user will input a query, the + local host will determine where the query is to be sent, the + transmission takes place, it is accepted by the target node, + translated to the target node's local language and processed. + + ERNIE FORMAN, MITRE, is developing a special, simple data management + system specifically for the purpose of measuring and testing + organizational techniques for control, directories, and files. The + question to be answered is whether each of these three functions + should be centralized, or distributed, how, and where. The initial + experimental arrangement is to have the control and directory + centralized at the Rand node, and the files to be distributed at + UCSB, Rand, and BBN. The files are each split vertically and + distributed, this organization chosen to present the more difficult + case. + + DICK WATSON, SRI, described some extensions of NIC (Network + Information Center) that he would like to see, and that would involve + network data management facilities. The first would be the ability + to process text from one text processor by another. Second, it would + eventually be desirable to distribute the NIC journals. A first + stage of this would be to have several NLS (Network Library System) + systems around the network, each with its own journal. The problems + with this first stage would be in coordination of numbering and in + organization of the directory. A second stage would be one in which + the journal might reside, in part, on other than NLS systems. + + A third extension is to enable the NLS System to use the results of + some other cataloging or citation and bibliographic referencing + systems as input to the NLS catalogs. The fourth extension would be + to enable other data management systems to generate data of more + general type and be usable by the NLS. + +PHASE II + + The second phase of the meeting was a working meeting to try and + organize the committee and try and set up an active working interest + group. + + The following names presently form the committee. These are the + people who have shown active interest, and are engaged in related + activities: + + + + + + + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 3] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + Douglas B. McKay IBM Research (Chairman) + Abhay Bhushan MIT + Ernie Forman MITRE + Dorothy Hopkin University of Illinois + Phil Messing MITRE + A.P. Mullery IBM Research + Erika Perez MITRE + A. Shoshani SDC + S. Taylor MITRE + Bob Thomas BBN + Frank Ulmer NBS + Dick Watson SRI + Dick Winter CCA + + It would be very useful in follow-on meetings to have representative + from the Form Machine group. Discussions on various uses of the Form + Machine by a Network Data Management facility are bound to come up in + later meetings. + + A member of the form machine group would be an asset to the Data + Management Committee. + + Discussion on network data management covered many aspects of the + problem with a general discussion on just what people want to be able + to do with a network data facility. + + The following list, gleamed from the discussion, represents the + possible stages of development: + + 1. Transmission Facility - the Network Data Control Facility (DCF) + is able to route requests for files to the proper node. The + location and name must be specified. + + 2. Location Catalog- The DCF now has available to it a catalog which + contains the locations of the data sets to be used in the + network. Requests for files may be made by name only, the + location being determined by the DCF. + + 3. Description Catalog - Descriptions, as well as data sets can be + transmitted in the network. It is assumed these descriptions + exist as files at local nodes. A target node can make use of the + description to properly convert the data set to its own format. + + 4. Data Conversion Modules - Data descriptions are received by this + module of the DCF. Based on the descriptions, conversion + programs are called or generated which will transform a file to + the form required by the target node. + + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 4] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + 5. File Access Command Interface - this module is able to convert a + request for a file from a network data language to the local + language at which the file is located. + + 6. Data Access - This module, an extension of the network data + language and the interface modules, allows access to pieces of + data as specified in the data language, and generates the proper + local access commands. + + 7. Data Management Interface - This is the final stage, at which + general types of commands can be interfaced to local data + managements systems, providing general interaction among + different data amanagement systems at different nodes. + + It was generally agreed that the ability to access all data and + different data bases is a goal which is worth achieving. There was + discussion in what is the best way to achieve this goal, and the + actual implementation techniques that could be used to achieve this. + It was agreed that the data base interfacing problem should be + studied in more detail and several people more willing to write + reports on a representative problem when they have more results from + their work. + + There was also a discussion concerning the data language and whether + it is suitable or not. One fact should be made clear, the results of + this committee should not fail or succeed on the outcome of the data + language question. The initial proposal recommends the Datalanguage + as de facto standard that will be adopted in the network because of + its support and availability. The group should be able to recommend + changes when changes are shown to be necessary. + + The Datalanguage discussion did point out the need for having data + set descriptions cataloged and referable by name - D. Winter, said + that he would look into this problem. + + The proposal (RFC 304) for a network data facility should be read + again and discussed in more detail at our next meeting. The proposal + says we can implement and achieve a stage 3 capability with what we + know today. It would be a useful stepping stone to a stage 5 and + stage 6 capability. + + Related to the stages of development described above the following + studies are now in progress and will help us answer pertinent + questions. + + A. Bhushan is studying a stage 1 type of network operation with + extension in local catalogs to contain entries of network data sets + of interest locally, to enable automatic calls to foreign data sets. + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 5] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + E. Perez will be studying the network catalog structure in more + detail and will publish an RFC on her work. + + Many questions were raised about the use of the data language as a + network standard. There are two people that have volunteered writing + up their investigations of this important study. + + Frank Ulmer will be looking at various data management systems to see + if their data structures are describable in terms of the + Datalanguage. In addition, the NIC represents one important network + data base that could be distributed through the network. Dick Watson + will try to describe the NLS Journal structure in terms of the + Datalanguage. + + If there are any other people in the ARPA network or outside within + hearing distance of this memo who may know about any real or + potential applications of data sharing in a network, please submit an + RFC in a letter to someone associated with the Data Management + committee describing it. + +Appendix -- Meeting Attendees + + William Benedict USAFETAC Bldg. 159 Navy Yard Annex Wash. D.C. + + Roy Beveridge MITRE + + Abhay Bhushan MIT, Project Mac, Cambridge, Mass. + + Bob Brown General Motors Research Lab. + + Elizabeth Fong National Bureau of Standards, Wash. D.C. + + Ernie Forman MITRE + + Glen Grazier USAFETAC Bldg. 159 Navy Yard Annex Wash. D.C. + + Dorothy Hopkin U. of Ill., Adv. Comp. Bldg., Urbana, Ill. + + Hector S. Maynez National Library of Medicine + + Doug B. McKay IBM Research Center + + Phil Messing MITRE + + Al Mullery IBM Research Center + + Erika Perez MITRE + + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 6] + +RFC 316 Data Management Working Group February 1972 + + + John Senior Univ. of Penn. and National Board of Medical + Examiners, Phila. PA. + + Arie Shoshani SDC, 2500 Colorado Ave., Santa Monica, Cal. + + Martin Snyderman Smithsonian Science Info. Exch., Wash. D.C. + + Eric Swarthe National Bureau of Standards, Wash. D.C. + + Suzanne Taylor MITRE + + Bob Thomas BBN + + Frank Ulmer National Bureau of Standards, Wash. D.C. + + Dick Watson SRI + + Richard Winter Computer Corporation of America + + + + + + + + [This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry] + [into the online RFC archives by Hélène Morin, Viagénie 10/99] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +McKay & Mulleray [Page 7] + -- cgit v1.2.3