path: root/doc/rfc/rfc7456.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        T. Mizrahi
Request for Comments: 7456                                       Marvell
Category: Standards Track                                T. Senevirathne
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                 S. Salam
                                                                D. Kumar
                                                                   Cisco
                                                         D. Eastlake 3rd
                                                                  Huawei
                                                              March 2015


                     Loss and Delay Measurement in
          Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)

Abstract

   Performance Monitoring (PM) is a key aspect of Operations,
   Administration, and Maintenance (OAM).  It allows network operators
   to verify the Service Level Agreement (SLA) provided to customers and
   to detect network anomalies.  This document specifies mechanisms for
   Loss Measurement and Delay Measurement in Transparent Interconnection
   of Lots of Links (TRILL) networks.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7456.















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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ....................................................3
   2. Conventions Used in this Document ...............................4
      2.1. Key Words ..................................................4
      2.2. Definitions ................................................4
      2.3. Abbreviations ..............................................5
   3. Loss and Delay Measurement in the TRILL Architecture ............6
      3.1. Performance Monitoring Granularity .........................6
      3.2. One-Way vs. Two-Way Performance Monitoring .................6
           3.2.1. One-Way Performance Monitoring ......................7
           3.2.2. Two-Way Performance Monitoring ......................7
      3.3. Point-to-Point vs. Point-to-Multipoint PM ..................8
   4. Loss Measurement ................................................8
      4.1. One-Way Loss Measurement ...................................8
           4.1.1. 1SL Message Transmission ............................9
           4.1.2. 1SL Message Reception ..............................10
      4.2. Two-Way Loss Measurement ..................................11
           4.2.1. SLM Message Transmission ...........................12
           4.2.2. SLM Message Reception ..............................12
           4.2.3. SLR Message Reception ..............................13
   5. Delay Measurement ..............................................14
      5.1. One-Way Delay Measurement .................................14
           5.1.1. 1DM Message Transmission ...........................15
           5.1.2. 1DM Message Reception ..............................16
      5.2. Two-Way Delay Measurement .................................16
           5.2.1. DMM Message Transmission ...........................17
           5.2.2. DMM Message Reception ..............................17
           5.2.3. DMR Message Reception ..............................18







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   6. Packet Formats .................................................19
      6.1. TRILL OAM Encapsulation ...................................19
      6.2. Loss Measurement Packet Formats ...........................21
           6.2.1. Counter Format .....................................21
           6.2.2. 1SL Packet Format ..................................21
           6.2.3. SLM Packet Format ..................................22
           6.2.4. SLR Packet Format ..................................23
      6.3. Delay Measurement Packet Formats ..........................24
           6.3.1. Timestamp Format ...................................24
           6.3.2. 1DM Packet Format ..................................24
           6.3.3. DMM Packet Format ..................................25
           6.3.4. DMR Packet Format ..................................26
      6.4. OpCode Values .............................................27
   7. Performance Monitoring Process .................................28
   8. Security Considerations ........................................29
   9. References .....................................................29
      9.1. Normative References ......................................29
      9.2. Informative References ....................................30
   Acknowledgments ...................................................31
   Authors' Addresses ................................................32

1.  Introduction

   TRILL [TRILL] is a protocol for transparent least-cost routing, where
   Routing Bridges (RBridges) route traffic to their destination based
   on least cost, using a TRILL encapsulation header with a hop count.

   Operations, Administration, and Maintenance [OAM] is a set of tools
   for detecting, isolating, and reporting connection failures and
   performance degradation.  Performance Monitoring (PM) is a key aspect
   of OAM.  PM allows network operators to detect and debug network
   anomalies and incorrect behavior.  PM consists of two main building
   blocks: Loss Measurement and Delay Measurement.  PM may also include
   other derived metrics such as Packet Delivery Rate, and Inter-Frame
   Delay Variation.

   The requirements of OAM in TRILL networks are defined in [OAM-REQ],
   and the TRILL OAM framework is described in [OAM-FRAMEWK].  These two
   documents also highlight the main requirements in terms of
   Performance Monitoring.

   This document defines protocols for Loss Measurement and for Delay
   Measurement in TRILL networks.  These protocols are based on the
   Performance Monitoring functionality defined in ITU-T G.8013/Y.1731
   [Y.1731-2013].






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   o  Loss Measurement: the Loss Measurement protocol measures packet
      loss between two RBridges.  The measurement is performed by
      sending a set of synthetic packets and counting the number of
      packets transmitted and received during the test.  The frame loss
      is calculated by comparing the numbers of transmitted and received
      packets.  This provides a statistical estimate of the packet loss
      between the involved RBridges, with a margin of error that can be
      controlled by varying the number of transmitted synthetic packets.
      This document does not define procedures for packet loss
      computation based on counting user data for the reasons given in
      Section 5.1 of [OAM-FRAMEWK].

   o  Delay Measurement: the Delay Measurement protocol measures the
      packet delay and packet delay variation between two RBridges.  The
      measurement is performed using timestamped OAM messages.

2.  Conventions Used in this Document

2.1.  Key Words

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [KEYWORDS].

   The requirement level of PM in [OAM-REQ] is 'SHOULD'.  Nevertheless,
   this memo uses the entire range of requirement levels, including
   'MUST'; the requirements in this memo are to be read as 'A MEP
   (Maintenance End Point) that implements TRILL PM
   MUST/SHOULD/MAY/...'.

2.2.  Definitions

   o  One-way packet delay (based on [IPPM-1DM]) - the time elapsed from
      the start of transmission of the first bit of a packet by an
      RBridge until the reception of the last bit of the packet by the
      remote RBridge.

   o  Two-way packet delay (based on [IPPM-2DM]) - the time elapsed from
      the start of transmission of the first bit of a packet from the
      local RBridge, receipt of the packet at the remote RBridge, the
      transmission of a response packet from the remote RBridge back to
      the local RBridge, and receipt of the last bit of that response
      packet by the local RBridge.

   o  Packet loss (based on [IPPM-Loss] -  the number of packets sent by
      a source RBridge and not received by the destination RBridge.  In
      the context of this document, packet loss is measured at a
      specific probe instance and a specific observation period.  As in



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      [Y.1731-2013], this document distinguishes between near-end and
      far-end packet loss.  Note that this semantic distinction
      specifies the direction of packet loss but does not affect the
      nature of the packet loss metric, which is defined in [IPPM-Loss].

   o  Far-end packet loss - the number of packets lost on the path from
      the local RBridge to the remote RBridge in a specific probe
      instance and a specific observation period.

   o  Near-end packet loss - the number of packets lost on the path from
      the remote RBridge to the local RBridge in a specific probe
      instance and a specific observation period.

2.3.  Abbreviations

   1DM      One-way Delay Measurement

   1SL      One-way Synthetic Loss Measurement

   DMM      Delay Measurement Message

   DMR      Delay Measurement Reply

   DoS      Denial of Service

   FGL      Fine-Grained Label [FGL]

   MD       Maintenance Domain

   MD-L     Maintenance Domain Level

   MEP      Maintenance End Point

   MIP      Maintenance Intermediate Point

   MP       Maintenance Point

   OAM      Operations, Administration, and Maintenance [OAM]

   PM       Performance Monitoring

   SLM      Synthetic Loss Measurement Message

   SLR      Synthetic Loss Measurement Reply

   TLV      Type-Length-Value

   TRILL    Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links [TRILL]



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3.  Loss and Delay Measurement in the TRILL Architecture

   As described in [OAM-FRAMEWK], OAM protocols in a TRILL campus
   operate over two types of Maintenance Points (MPs): Maintenance End
   Points (MEPs) and Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIPs).

              +-------+     +-------+     +-------+
              |       |     |       |     |       |
              |  RB1  |<===>|  RB3  |<===>|  RB2  |
              |       |     |       |     |       |
              +-------+     +-------+     +-------+
                 MEP           MIP           MEP

            Figure 1: Maintenance Points in a TRILL Campus

   Performance Monitoring (PM) allows a MEP to perform Loss and Delay
   Measurements on any other MEP in the campus.  Performance Monitoring
   is performed in the context of a specific Maintenance Domain (MD).

   The PM functionality defined in this document is not applicable to
   MIPs.

3.1.  Performance Monitoring Granularity

   As defined in [OAM-FRAMEWK], PM can be applied at three levels of
   granularity: Network, Service, and Flow.

   o  Network-level PM: the PM protocol is run over a dedicated test
      VLAN or FGL [FGL].

   o  Service-level PM: the PM protocol is used to perform measurements
      of actual user VLANs or FGLs.

   o  Flow-level PM: the PM protocol is used to perform measurements on
      a per-flow basis.  A flow, as defined in [OAM-REQ], is a set of
      packets that share the same path and per-hop behavior (such as
      priority).  As defined in [OAM-FRAMEWK], flow-based monitoring
      uses a Flow Entropy field that resides at the beginning of the OAM
      packet header (see Section 6.1) and mimics the forwarding behavior
      of the monitored flow.

3.2.  One-Way vs. Two-Way Performance Monitoring

   Paths in a TRILL network are not necessarily symmetric, that is, a
   packet sent from RB1 to RB2 does not necessarily traverse the same
   set of RBridges or links as a packet sent from RB2 to RB1.  Even
   within a given flow, packets from RB1 to RB2 do not necessarily
   traverse the same path as packets from RB2 to RB1.



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3.2.1.  One-Way Performance Monitoring

   In one-way PM, RB1 sends PM messages to RB2, allowing RB2 to monitor
   the performance on the path from RB1 to RB2.

   A MEP that implements TRILL PM SHOULD support one-way Performance
   Monitoring.  A MEP that implements TRILL PM SHOULD support both the
   PM functionality of the sender, RB1, and the PM functionality of the
   receiver, RB2.

   One-way PM can be applied either proactively or on-demand, although
   the more typical scenario is the proactive mode, where RB1 and RB2
   periodically transmit PM messages to each other, allowing each of
   them to monitor the performance on the incoming path from the peer
   MEP.

3.2.2.  Two-Way Performance Monitoring

   In two-way PM, a sender, RB1, sends PM messages to a reflector, RB2,
   and RB2 responds to these messages, allowing RB1 to monitor the
   performance of:

   o  The path from RB1 to RB2.

   o  The path from RB2 to RB1.

   o  The two-way path from RB1 to RB2, and back to RB1.

   Note that in some cases it may be interesting for RB1 to monitor only
   the path from RB1 to RB2.  Two-way PM allows the sender, RB1, to
   monitor the path from RB1 to RB2, as opposed to one-way PM
   (Section 3.2.1), which allows the receiver, RB2, to monitor this
   path.

   A MEP that implements TRILL PM MUST support two-way PM.  A MEP that
   implements TRILL PM MUST support both the sender and the reflector PM
   functionality.

   As described in Section 3.1, flow-based PM uses the Flow Entropy
   field as one of the parameters that identify a flow.  In two-way PM,
   the Flow Entropy of the path from RB1 to RB2 is typically different
   from the Flow Entropy of the path from RB2 to RB1.  This document
   uses the Reflector Entropy TLV [TRILL-FM], which allows the sender to
   specify the Flow Entropy value to be used in the response message.

   Two-way PM can be applied either proactively or on-demand.





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3.3.  Point-to-Point vs. Point-to-Multipoint PM

   PM can be applied either as a point-to-point measurement protocol, or
   as a point-to-multi-point measurement protocol.

   The point-to-point approach measures the performance between two
   RBridges using unicast PM messages.

   In the point-to-multipoint approach, an RBridge RB1 sends PM messages
   to multiple RBridges using multicast messages.  The reflectors (in
   two-way PM) respond to RB1 using unicast messages.  To protect
   against reply storms, the reflectors MUST send the response messages
   after a random delay in the range of 0 to 2 seconds.  This ensures
   that the responses are staggered in time and that the initiating
   RBridge is not overwhelmed with responses.  Moreover, an RBridge
   Scope TLV [TRILL-FM] can be used to limit the set of RBridges from
   which a response is expected, thus reducing the impact of potential
   response bursts.

4.  Loss Measurement

   The Loss Measurement protocol has two modes of operation: one-way
   Loss Measurement and two-way Loss Measurement.

   Note: The terms 'one-way' and 'two-way' Loss Measurement should not
   be confused with the terms 'single-ended' and 'dual-ended' Loss
   Measurement used in [Y.1731-2013].  As defined in Section 3.2, the
   terms 'one-way' and 'two-way' specify whether the protocol monitors
   performance on one direction or on both directions.  The terms
   'single-ended' and 'dual-ended', on the other hand, describe whether
   the protocol is asymmetric or symmetric, respectively.

4.1.  One-Way Loss Measurement

   One-way Loss Measurement measures the one-way packet loss from one
   MEP to another.  The loss ratio is measured using a set of One-way
   Synthetic Loss Measurement (1SL) messages.  The packet format of the
   1SL message is specified in Section 6.2.2.  Figure 2 illustrates a
   one-way Loss Measurement message exchange.












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                        TXp              TXc
          Sender    --------------------------------------
                          \                \
                           \ 1SL   . . .    \ 1SL
                            \                \
                            \/               \/
          Receiver  --------------------------------------
                            RXp              RXc

                     Figure 2: One-Way Loss Measurement

   The one-way Loss Measurement procedure uses a set of 1SL messages to
   measure the packet loss.  The figure shows two non-consecutive
   messages from the set.

   The sender maintains a counter of transmitted 1SL messages, and
   includes the value of this counter, TX, in each 1SL message it
   transmits.  The receiver maintains a counter of received 1SL
   messages, RX, and can calculate the loss by comparing its counter
   values to the counter values received in the 1SL messages.

   In Figure 2, the subscript 'c' is an abbreviation for current, and
   'p' is an abbreviation for previous.

4.1.1.  1SL Message Transmission

   One-way Loss Measurement can be applied either proactively or on-
   demand, although as mentioned in Section 3.2.1, it is more likely to
   be applied proactively.

   The term 'on-demand' in the context of one-way Loss Measurement
   implies that the sender transmits a fixed set of 1SL messages,
   allowing the receiver to perform the measurement based on this set.

   A MEP that supports one-way Loss Measurement MUST support unicast
   transmission of 1SL messages.

   A MEP that supports one-way Loss Measurement MAY support multicast
   transmission of 1SL messages.

   The sender MUST maintain a packet counter for each peer MEP and probe
   instance (test ID).  Every time the sender transmits a 1SL packet, it
   increments the corresponding counter and then integrates the value of
   the counter into the Counter TX field of the 1SL packet.

   The 1SL message MAY be sent with a variable-size Data TLV, allowing
   Loss Measurement for various packet sizes.




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4.1.2.  1SL Message Reception

   The receiver MUST maintain a reception counter for each peer MEP and
   probe instance (test ID).  Upon receiving a 1SL packet, the receiver
   MUST verify that:

   o  The 1SL packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If both conditions are satisfied, the receiver increments the
   corresponding reception counter and records the new value of the
   counter, RX1.

   A MEP that supports one-way Loss Measurement MUST support reception
   of both unicast and multicast 1SL messages.

   The receiver computes the one-way packet loss with respect to a probe
   instance measurement interval.  A probe instance measurement interval
   includes a sequence of 1SL messages with the same test ID.  The one-
   way packet loss is computed by comparing the counter values TXp and
   RXp at the beginning of the measurement interval and the counter
   values TXc and RXc at the end of the measurement interval (see
   Figure 2):

            one-way packet loss = (TXc-TXp) - (RXc-RXp)     (1)

   The calculation in Equation (1) is based on counter value
   differences, implying that the sender's counter, TX, and the
   receiver's counter, RX, are not required to be synchronized with
   respect to a common initial value.

   It is noted that if the sender or receiver resets one of the
   counters, TX or RX, the calculation in Equation (1) produces a false
   measurement result.  Hence, the sender and receiver SHOULD NOT clear
   the TX and RX counters during a measurement interval.

   When the receiver calculates the packet loss per Equation (1), it
   MUST perform a wraparound check.  If the receiver detects that one of
   the counters has wrapped around, the receiver adjusts the result of
   Equation (1) accordingly.

   A 1SL receiver MUST support reception of 1SL messages with a Data
   TLV.







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   Since synthetic one-way Loss Measurement is performed using 1SL
   messages, obviously, some 1SL messages may be dropped during a
   measurement interval.  Thus, when the receiver does not receive a
   1SL, the receiver cannot perform the calculations in Equation (1) for
   that specific 1SL message.

4.2.  Two-Way Loss Measurement

   Two-way Loss Measurement allows a MEP to measure the packet loss on
   the paths to and from a peer MEP.  Two-way Loss Measurement uses a
   set of Synthetic Loss Measurement Messages (SLMs) to compute the
   packet loss.  Each SLM is answered with a Synthetic Loss Measurement
   Reply (SLR).  The packet formats of the SLM and SLR packets are
   specified in Sections 6.2.3 and 6.2.4, respectively.  Figure 3
   illustrates a two-way Loss Measurement message exchange.

                   TXp       RXp             TXc       RXc
     Sender     -----------------------------------------------
                     \       /\                \       /\
                      \      /      . . .       \      /
                   SLM \    / SLR            SLM \    / SLR
                       \/  /                     \/  /
     Reflector  -----------------------------------------------
                        TRXp                      TRXc

                     Figure 3: Two-Way Loss Measurement

   The two-way Loss Measurement procedure uses a set of SLM-SLR
   handshakes.  The figure shows two non-consecutive handshakes from the
   set.

   The sender maintains a counter of transmitted SLM messages and
   includes the value of this counter, TX, in each transmitted SLM
   message.  The reflector maintains a counter of received SLM messages,
   TRX.  The reflector generates an SLR and incorporates TRX into the
   SLR packet.  The sender maintains a counter of received SLR messages,
   RX.  Upon receiving an SLR message, the sender can calculate the loss
   by comparing the local counter values to the counter values received
   in the SLR messages.

   The subscript 'c' is an abbreviation for current, and 'p' is an
   abbreviation for previous.









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4.2.1.  SLM Message Transmission

   Two-way Loss Measurement can be applied either proactively or on-
   demand.

   A MEP that supports two-way Loss Measurement MUST support unicast
   transmission of SLM messages.

   A MEP that supports two-way Loss Measurement MAY support multicast
   transmission of SLM messages.

   The sender MUST maintain a counter of transmitted SLM packets for
   each peer MEP and probe instance (test ID).  Every time the sender
   transmits an SLM packet, it increments the corresponding counter and
   then integrates the value of the counter into the Counter TX field of
   the SLM packet.

   A sender MAY include a Reflector Entropy TLV in an SLM message.  The
   Reflector Entropy TLV format is specified in [TRILL-FM].

   An SLM message MAY be sent with a Data TLV, allowing Loss Measurement
   for various packet sizes.

4.2.2.  SLM Message Reception

   The reflector MUST maintain a reception counter, TRX, for each peer
   MEP and probe instance (test ID).

   Upon receiving an SLM packet, the reflector MUST verify that:

   o  The SLM packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If both conditions are satisfied, the reflector increments the
   corresponding packet counter and records the value of the new
   counter, TRX.  The reflector then generates an SLR message that is
   identical to the received SLM, except for the following
   modifications:

   o  The reflector incorporates TRX into the Counter TRX field of the
      SLR.

   o  The OpCode field in the OAM header is set to the SLR OpCode.

   o  The reflector assigns its MEP ID in the Reflector MEP ID field.





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   o  If the received SLM includes a Reflector Entropy TLV [TRILL-FM],
      the reflector copies the value of the Flow Entropy from the TLV
      into the Flow Entropy field of the SLR message.  The outgoing SLR
      message does not include a Reflector Entropy TLV.

   o  The TRILL Header and transport header are modified to reflect the
      source and destination of the SLR packet.  The SLR is always a
      unicast message.

   A MEP that supports two-way Loss Measurement MUST support reception
   of both unicast and multicast SLM messages.

   A reflector MUST support reception of SLM packets with a Data TLV.
   When receiving an SLM with a Data TLV, the reflector includes the
   unmodified TLV in the SLR.

4.2.3.  SLR Message Reception

   The sender MUST maintain a reception counter, RX, for each peer MEP
   and probe instance (test ID).

   Upon receiving an SLR message, the sender MUST verify that:

   o  The SLR packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The Sender MEP ID field in the SLR packet matches the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If the conditions above are met, the sender increments the
   corresponding reception counter, and records the new value, RX.

   The sender computes the packet loss with respect to a probe instance
   measurement interval.  A probe instance measurement interval includes
   a sequence of SLM messages and their corresponding SLR messages, all
   with the same test ID.  The packet loss is computed by comparing the
   counters at the beginning of the measurement interval, denoted with a
   subscript 'p', and the counters at the end of the measurement
   interval, denoted with a subscript 'c' (as illustrated in Figure 3).

            far-end packet loss = (TXc-TXp) - (TRXc-TRXp)     (2)

            near-end packet loss = (TRXc-TRXp) - (RXc-RXp)     (3)

   Note: The total two-way packet loss is the sum of the far-end and
   near-end packet losses, that is (TXc-TXp) - (RXc-RXp).





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   The calculations in the two equations above are based on counter
   value differences, implying that the sender's counters, TX and RX,
   and the reflector's counter, TRX, are not required to be synchronized
   with respect to a common initial value.

   It is noted that if the sender or reflector resets one of the
   counters, TX, TRX, or RX, the calculation in Equations (2) and (3)
   produces a false measurement result.  Hence, the sender and reflector
   SHOULD NOT clear the TX, TRX, and RX counters during a measurement
   interval.

   When the sender calculates the packet loss per Equations (2) and (3),
   it MUST perform a wraparound check.  If the reflector detects that
   one of the counters has wrapped around, the reflector adjusts the
   result of Equations (2) and (3) accordingly.

   Since synthetic two-way Loss Measurement is performed using SLM and
   SLR messages, obviously, some SLM and SLR messages may be dropped
   during a measurement interval.  When an SLM or an SLR is dropped, the
   corresponding two-way handshake (Figure 3) is not completed
   successfully; thus, the reflector does not perform the calculations
   in Equations (2) and (3) for that specific message exchange.

   A sender MAY choose to monitor only the far-end packet loss, that is,
   perform the computation in Equation (2), and ignore the computation
   in Equation (3).  Note that, in this case, the sender can run flow-
   based PM of the path to the peer MEP without using the Reflector
   Entropy TLV.

5.  Delay Measurement

   The Delay Measurement protocol has two modes of operation: one-way
   Delay Measurement and two-way Delay Measurement.

5.1.  One-Way Delay Measurement

   One-way Delay Measurement is used for computing the one-way packet
   delay from one MEP to another.  The packet format used in one-way
   Delay Measurement is referred to as 1DM and is specified in Section
   6.3.2.  The one-way Delay Measurement message exchange is illustrated
   in Figure 4.










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                               T1
                Sender    -------------------         ----> time
                                \
                                 \ 1DM
                                  \
                                  \/
                Receiver  -------------------
                                  T2

              Figure 4: One-Way Delay Measurement

   The sender transmits a 1DM message incorporating its time of
   transmission, T1.  The receiver then receives the message at time T2,
   and calculates the one-way delay as:

            one-way delay = T2-T1       (4)

   Equation (4) implies that T2 and T1 are measured with respect to a
   common reference time.  Hence, two MEPs running a one-way Delay
   Measurement protocol MUST be time-synchronized.  The method used for
   synchronizing the clocks associated with the two MEPs is outside the
   scope of this document.

5.1.1.  1DM Message Transmission

   1DM packets can be transmitted proactively or on-demand, although, as
   mentioned in Section 3.2.1, they are typically transmitted
   proactively.

   A MEP that supports one-way Delay Measurement MUST support unicast
   transmission of 1DM messages.

   A MEP that supports one-way Delay Measurement MAY support multicast
   transmission of 1DM messages.

   A 1DM message MAY be sent with a variable size Data TLV, allowing
   packet Delay Measurement for various packet sizes.

   The sender incorporates the 1DM packet's time of transmission into
   the Timestamp T1 field.











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5.1.2.  1DM Message Reception

   Upon receiving a 1DM packet, the receiver records its time of
   reception, T2.  The receiver MUST verify two conditions:

   o  The 1DM packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If both conditions are satisfied, the receiver terminates the packet
   and calculates the one-way delay as specified in Equation (4).

   A MEP that supports one-way Delay Measurement MUST support reception
   of both unicast and multicast 1DM messages.

   A 1DM receiver MUST support reception of 1DM messages with a Data
   TLV.

   When one-way Delay Measurement packets are received periodically, the
   receiver MAY compute the packet delay variation based on multiple
   measurements.  Note that packet delay variation can be computed even
   when the two peer MEPs are not time-synchronized.

5.2.  Two-Way Delay Measurement

   Two-way Delay Measurement uses a two-way handshake for computing the
   two-way packet delay between two MEPs.  The handshake includes two
   packets: a Delay Measurement Message (DMM) and a Delay Measurement
   Reply (DMR).  The DMM and DMR packet formats are specified in
   Sections 6.3.3 and 6.3.4, respectively.

   The two-way Delay Measurement message exchange is illustrated in
   Figure 5.

                              T1          T4
               Sender     -----------------------       ----> time
                               \          /\
                                \         /
                             DMM \       / DMR
                                 \/     /
               Reflector  -----------------------
                                 T2    T3

               Figure 5: Two-Way Delay Measurement

   The sender generates a DMM message incorporating its time of
   transmission, T1.  The reflector receives the DMM message and records
   its time of reception, T2.  The reflector then generates a DMR



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   message, incorporating T1, T2, and the DMR's transmission time, T3.
   The sender receives the DMR message at T4, and using the four
   timestamps, it calculates the two-way packet delay.

5.2.1.  DMM Message Transmission

   DMM packets can be transmitted periodically or on-demand.

   A MEP that supports two-way Delay Measurement MUST support unicast
   transmission of DMM messages.

   A MEP that supports two-way Delay Measurement MAY support multicast
   transmission of DMM messages.

   A sender MAY include a Reflector Entropy TLV in a DMM message.  The
   Reflector Entropy TLV format is specified in [TRILL-FM].

   A DMM MAY be sent with a variable size Data TLV, allowing packet
   Delay Measurement for various packet sizes.

   The sender incorporates the DMM packet's time of transmission into
   the Timestamp T1 field.

5.2.2.  DMM Message Reception

   Upon receiving a DMM packet, the reflector records its time of
   reception, T2.  The reflector MUST verify two conditions:

   o  The DMM packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If both conditions are satisfied, the reflector terminates the packet
   and generates a DMR packet.  The DMR is identical to the received
   DMM, except for the following modifications:

   o  The reflector incorporates T2 into the Timestamp T2 field of the
      DMR.

   o  The reflector incorporates the DMR's transmission time, T3, into
      the Timestamp T3 field of the DMR.

   o  The OpCode field in the OAM header is set to the DMR OpCode.

   o  If the received DMM includes a Reflector Entropy TLV [TRILL-FM],
      the reflector copies the value of the Flow Entropy from the TLV
      into the Flow Entropy field of the DMR message.  The outgoing DMR
      message does not include a Reflector Entropy TLV.



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   o  The TRILL Header and transport header are modified to reflect the
      source and destination of the DMR packet.  The DMR is always a
      unicast message.

   A MEP that supports two-way Delay Measurement MUST support reception
   of both unicast and multicast DMM messages.

   A reflector MUST support reception of DMM packets with a Data TLV.
   When receiving a DMM with a Data TLV, the reflector includes the
   unmodified TLV in the DMR.

5.2.3.  DMR Message Reception

   Upon receiving the DMR message, the sender records its time of
   reception, T4.  The sender MUST verify:

   o  The DMR packet is destined to the current MEP.

   o  The packet's MD level matches the MEP's MD level.

   If both conditions above are met, the sender uses the four timestamps
   to compute the two-way delay:

            two-way delay = (T4-T1) - (T3-T2)       (5)

   Note that two-way delay can be computed even when the two peer MEPs
   are not time-synchronized.  One-way Delay Measurement, on the other
   hand, requires the two MEPs to be synchronized.

   Two MEPs running a two-way Delay Measurement protocol MAY be time-
   synchronized.  If two-way Delay Measurement is run between two time-
   synchronized MEPs, the sender MAY compute the one-way delays as
   follows:

            one-way delay {sender->reflector} = T2 - T1       (6)

            one-way delay {reflector->sender} = T4 - T3       (7)

   When two-way Delay Measurement is run periodically, the sender MAY
   also compute the delay variation based on multiple measurements.

   A sender MAY choose to monitor only the sender->reflector delay, that
   is, perform the computation in Equation (6) and ignore the
   computations in Equations (5) and (7).  Note that in this case, the
   sender can run flow-based PM of the path to the peer MEP without
   using the Reflector Entropy TLV.





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6.  Packet Formats

6.1.  TRILL OAM Encapsulation

   The TRILL OAM packet format is generally discussed in [OAM-FRAMEWK]
   and specified in detail in [TRILL-FM].  It is quoted in this document
   for convenience.

      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                               |
      .    Link  Header               . (variable)
      |                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                               |
      +    TRILL Header               + 6 or more bytes
      |                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                               |
      .   Flow Entropy                . 96 bytes
      .                               .
      |                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   OAM Ethertype               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                               |
      .   OAM Message Channel         . Variable
      .                               .
      |                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Link Trailer              | Variable
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 6: TRILL OAM Encapsulation


















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   The OAM Message Channel used in this document is defined in
   [TRILL-FM] and has the following structure:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Version | OpCode        |     Flags     |FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         OpCode-specific fields                                .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 7: OAM Packet Format

   The first four octets of the OAM Message Channel are common to all
   OpCodes, whereas the rest is OpCode-specific.  Below is a brief
   summary of the fields in the first 4 octets:

   o  MD-L: Maintenance Domain Level.

   o  Version: indicates the version of this protocol.  Always zero in
      the context of this document.

   o  OpCode: Operation Code (8 bits).  Specifies the operation
      performed by the message.  Specific packet formats are presented
      in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of this document.  A list of the PM
      message OpCodes is provided in Section 6.4.

   o  Flags: The definition of flags is OpCode-specific.  The value of
      this field is zero unless otherwise stated.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.

   o  TLVs: one or more TLV fields.  The last TLV field is always an End
      TLV.

   For further details about the OAM packet format, including the format
   of TLVs, see [TRILL-FM].







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6.2.  Loss Measurement Packet Formats

6.2.1.  Counter Format

   Loss Measurement packets use a 32-bit packet counter field.  When a
   counter is incremented beyond its maximal value, 0xFFFFFFFF, it wraps
   around back to 0.

6.2.2.  1SL Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (0) | OpCode        |  Flags (0)    |FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |        Sender MEP ID          |         Reserved (0)          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Test ID                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Counter TX                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Reserved (0)                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 8: 1SL Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 16 in 1SL packets.

   o  Sender MEP ID: the MEP ID of the MEP that initiated the 1SL.

   o  Reserved (0): set to 0 by the sender and ignored by the receiver.

   o  Test ID: a 32-bit unique test identifier.

   o  Counter TX: the value of the sender's transmission counter,
      including this packet, at the time of transmission.





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6.2.3.  SLM Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (0) | OpCode        |  Flags (0)    |FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |        Sender MEP ID          | Reserved for Reflector MEP ID |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Test ID                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Counter TX                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                Reserved for SLR: Counter TRX (0)              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 9: SLM Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 16 in SLM packets.

   o  Sender MEP ID: the MEP ID of the MEP that initiated this packet.

   o  Reserved for Reflector MEP ID: this field is reserved for the
      reflector's MEP ID, to be added in the SLR.

   o  Test ID: a 32-bit unique test identifier.

   o  Counter TX: the value of the sender's transmission counter,
      including this packet, at the time of transmission.

   o  Reserved for SLR: this field is reserved for the SLR corresponding
      to this packet.  The reflector uses this field in the SLR for
      carrying TRX, the value of its reception counter.








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6.2.4.  SLR Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (0) | OpCode        |  Flags (0)    |FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |        Sender MEP ID          |       Reflector MEP ID        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Test ID                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Counter TX                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Counter TRX                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 10: SLR Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 16 in SLR packets.

   o  Sender MEP ID: the MEP ID of the MEP that initiated the SLM that
      this SLR replies to.

   o  Reflector MEP ID: the MEP ID of the MEP that transmits this SLR
      message.

   o  Test ID: a 32-bit unique test identifier, copied from the
      corresponding SLM message.

   o  Counter TX: the value of the sender's transmission counter at the
      time of the SLM transmission.

   o  Counter TRX: the value of the reflector's reception counter,
      including this packet, at the time of reception of the
      corresponding SLM packet.






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6.3.  Delay Measurement Packet Formats

6.3.1.  Timestamp Format

   The timestamps used in Delay Measurement packets are 64 bits long.
   These timestamps use the 64 least significant bits of the IEEE
   1588-2008 (1588v2) Precision Time Protocol timestamp format
   [IEEE1588v2].

   This truncated format consists of a 32-bit seconds field followed by
   a 32-bit nanoseconds field.  This truncated format is also used in
   IEEE 1588v1 [IEEE1588v1], in [Y.1731-2013], and in [MPLS-LM-DM].

6.3.2.  1DM Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (1) | OpCode        | Reserved (0)|T|FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Timestamp T1                          |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |           Reserved for 1DM receiving equipment (0)            |
      |                      (for Timestamp T2)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 11: 1DM Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  Reserved (0): Upper part of Flags field.  Set to 0 by the sender
      and ignored by the receiver.

   o  T: Type flag.  When this flag is set, it indicates proactive
      operation; when cleared, it indicates on-demand mode.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 16 in 1DM packets.

   o  Timestamp T1: specifies the time of transmission of this packet.



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   o  Reserved for 1DM: this field is reserved for internal usage of the
      1DM receiver.  The receiver can use this field for carrying T2,
      the time of reception of this packet.

6.3.3.  DMM Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (1) | OpCode        | Reserved (0)|T|FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Timestamp T1                          |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |           Reserved for DMM receiving equipment (0)            |
      |                      (for Timestamp T2)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                     Reserved for DMR (0)                      |
      |                      (for Timestamp T3)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |            Reserved for DMR receiving equipment               |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 12: DMM Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  Reserved (0): Upper part of Flags field.  Set to 0 by the sender
      and ignored by the receiver.

   o  T: Type flag.  When this flag is set, it indicates proactive
      operation; when cleared, it indicates on-demand mode.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 32 in DMM packets.

   o  Timestamp T1: specifies the time of transmission of this packet.






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   o  Reserved for DMM: this field is reserved for internal usage of the
      MEP that receives the DMM (the reflector).  The reflector can use
      this field for carrying T2, the time of reception of this packet.

   o  Reserved for DMR: two timestamp fields are reserved for the DMR
      message.  One timestamp field is reserved for T3, the DMR
      transmission time, and the other field is reserved for internal
      usage of the MEP that receives the DMR.

6.3.4.  DMR Packet Format

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |MD-L | Ver (1) | OpCode        | Reserved (0)|T|FirstTLVOffset |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Timestamp T1                          |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Timestamp T2                          |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Timestamp T3                          |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |            Reserved for DMR receiving equipment               |
      |                      (for Timestamp T4)                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .         TLVs                                                  .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 13: DMR Packet Format

   For fields not listed below, see Section 6.1.

   o  OpCode: see Section 6.4.

   o  Reserved (0): Upper part of Flags field.  Set to 0 by the sender
      and ignored by the receiver.

   o  T: Type flag.  When this flag is set, it indicates proactive
      operation; when cleared, it indicates on-demand mode.

   o  FirstTLVOffset: defines the location of the first TLV, in octets,
      starting from the end of the FirstTLVOffset field.  The value of
      this field MUST be 32 in DMR packets.



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   o  Timestamp T1: specifies the time of transmission of the DMM packet
      that this DMR replies to.

   o  Timestamp T2: specifies the time of reception of the DMM packet
      that this DMR replies to.

   o  Timestamp T3: specifies the time of transmission of this DMR
      packet.

   o  Reserved for DMR: this field is reserved for internal usage of the
      MEP that receives the DMR (the sender).  The sender can use this
      field for carrying T4, the time of reception of this packet.

6.4.  OpCode Values

   As the OAM packets specified herein conform to [Y.1731-2013], the
   same OpCodes are used:

      OpCode   OAM packet
      value    type
      ------   ----------

      45       1DM

      46       DMR

      47       DMM

      53       1SL

      54       SLR

      55       SLM

   These OpCodes are from the range of values that has been allocated by
   IEEE 802.1 [802.1Q] for control by ITU-T.















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7.  Performance Monitoring Process

   The Performance Monitoring process is made up of a number of
   Performance Monitoring instances, known as PM Sessions.  A PM session
   can be initiated between two MEPs on a specific flow and be defined
   as either a Loss Measurement session or Delay Measurement session.

   The Loss Measurement session can be used to determine the performance
   metrics Frame Loss Ratio, availability, and resiliency.  The Delay
   Measurement session can be used to determine the performance metrics
   Frame Delay, Inter-Frame Delay Variation, Frame Delay Range, and Mean
   Frame Delay.

   The PM session is defined by the specific PM function (PM tool) being
   run and also by the Start Time, Stop Time, Message Period,
   Measurement Interval, and Repetition Time.  These terms are defined
   as follows:

   o  Start Time - the time that the PM session begins.

   o  Stop Time - the time that the measurement ends.

   o  Message Period - the message transmission frequency (the time
      between message transmissions).

   o  Measurement Interval - the time period over which measurements are
      gathered and then summarized.  The Measurement Interval can align
      with the PM Session duration, but it doesn't need to.  PM messages
      are only transmitted during a PM Session.

   o  Repetition Time - the time between start times of the Measurement
      Intervals.

          Measurement Interval     Measurement Interval
          (Completed, Historic)    (In Process, Current)
      |                         |
      |                         |
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ^                 ^ ^                                         ^
      |                 | |                                         |
    Start Time          Message                               Stop Time
   (service enabled)    Period                        (Service disabled)

         Figure 14: Relationship between Different Timing Parameters






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8.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of TRILL OAM are discussed in [OAM-REQ],
   [OAM-FRAMEWK], and [TRILL-FM].  General TRILL security considerations
   are discussed in [TRILL].

   As discussed in [OAM-Over], an attack on a PM protocol can falsely
   indicate nonexistent performance issues or prevent the detection of
   actual ones, consequently resulting in DoS (Denial of Service).
   Furthermore, synthetic PM messages can be used maliciously as a means
   to implement DoS attacks on RBridges.  Another security aspect is
   network reconnaissance; by passively eavesdropping on PM messages, an
   attacker can gather information that can be used maliciously to
   attack the network.

   As in [TRILL-FM], TRILL PM OAM messages MAY include the OAM
   Authentication TLV.  It should be noted that an Authentication TLV
   requires a cryptographic algorithm, which may have performance
   implications on the RBridges that take part in the protocol; thus,
   they may, in some cases, affect the measurement results.  Based on a
   system-specific threat assessment, the benefits of the security TLV
   must be weighed against the potential measurement inaccuracy it may
   inflict, and based on this trade-off, operators should make a
   decision on whether or not to use authentication.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [KEYWORDS]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [TRILL]       Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and
                 A. Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
                 Specification", RFC 6325, July 2011,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6325>.

   [FGL]         Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Agarwal, P., Perlman, R.,
                 and D. Dutt, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of
                 Links (TRILL): Fine-Grained Labeling", RFC 7172, May
                 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7172>.

   [TRILL-FM]    Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Kumar, D.,
                 Eastlake 3rd, D., Aldrin, S., and Y. Li, "Transparent
                 Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fault
                 Management", RFC 7455, March 2015,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7455>.



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9.2. Informative References

   [OAM-REQ]     Senevirathne, T., Bond, D., Aldrin, S., Li, Y., and R.
                 Watve, "Requirements for Operations, Administration,
                 and Maintenance (OAM) in Transparent Interconnection of
                 Lots of Links (TRILL)", RFC 6905, March 2013,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6905>.

   [OAM-FRAMEWK] Salam, S., Senevirathne, T., Aldrin, S., and D.
                 Eastlake 3rd, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of
                 Links (TRILL) Operations, Administration, and
                 Maintenance (OAM) Framework", RFC 7174, May 2014,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7174>.

   [Y.1731-2013] ITU-T, "OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based
                 Networks", ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, November
                 2013.

   [802.1Q]      IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
                 networks -- Bridges and Bridged Networks", IEEE Std
                 802.1Q, December 2014.

   [IEEE1588v1]  IEEE, "IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock
                 Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and
                 Control Systems Version 1", IEEE Standard 1588, 2002.

   [IEEE1588v2]  IEEE, "IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock
                 Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and
                 Control Systems Version 2", IEEE Standard 1588, 2008.

   [MPLS-LM-DM]  Frost, D. and S. Bryant, "Packet Loss and Delay
                 Measurement for MPLS Networks", RFC 6374, September
                 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6374>.

   [OAM]         Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
                 D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the
                 "OAM" Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291, June
                 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6291>.

   [IPPM-1DM]    Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A One-way
                 Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2679, September 1999,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2679>.

   [IPPM-2DM]    Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A Round-
                 trip Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2681, September 1999,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2681>.





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   [IPPM-Loss]   Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A One-way
                 Packet Loss Metric for IPPM", RFC 2680, September 1999,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2680>.

   [OAM-Over]    Mizrahi, T., Sprecher, N., Bellagamba, E., and Y.
                 Weingarten, "An Overview of Operations, Administration,
                 and Maintenance (OAM) Tools", RFC 7276, June 2014,
                 <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7276>.

Acknowledgments

   The authors gratefully acknowledge Adrian Farrel, Alexey Melnikov,
   Jan Novak, Carlos Pignataro, Gagan Mohan Goel, Pete Resnick, and
   Prabhu Raj for their helpful comments.





































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Authors' Addresses

   Tal Mizrahi
   Marvell
   6 Hamada St.
   Yokneam, 20692
   Israel

   EMail: talmi@marvell.com


   Tissa Senevirathne
   Cisco
   375 East Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA 95134
   United States

   EMail: tsenevir@cisco.com


   Samer Salam
   Cisco
   595 Burrard Street, Suite 2123
   Vancouver, BC V7X 1J1
   Canada

   EMail: ssalam@cisco.com


   Deepak Kumar
   Cisco
   510 McCarthy Blvd,
   Milpitas, CA 95035
   United States

   Phone : +1 408-853-9760
   EMail: dekumar@cisco.com


   Donald Eastlake 3rd
   Huawei Technologies
   155 Beaver Street
   Milford, MA 01757
   United States

   Phone: +1-508-333-2270
   EMail: d3e3e3@gmail.com




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