1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
|
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) C. Pignataro
Request for Comments: 7881 D. Ward
Category: Standards Track Cisco
ISSN: 2070-1721 N. Akiya
Big Switch Networks
July 2016
Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD)
for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS
Abstract
This document defines procedures for using Seamless Bidirectional
Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) in IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS environments.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7881.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. S-BFD UDP Port ..................................................2
3. S-BFD Echo UDP Port .............................................3
4. S-BFD Control Packet Demultiplexing .............................3
5. Initiator Procedures ............................................3
5.1. Details of S-BFD Control Packets Sent by SBFDInitiator .....4
5.1.1. Target versus Remote Entity (S-BFD Discriminator) ...4
6. Responder Procedures ............................................5
6.1. Details of S-BFD Control Packets Sent by SBFDReflector .....5
7. Security Considerations .........................................6
8. IANA Considerations .............................................6
9. References ......................................................7
9.1. Normative References .......................................7
9.2. Informative References .....................................7
Acknowledgements ...................................................8
Contributors .......................................................8
Authors' Addresses .................................................8
1. Introduction
Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) [RFC7880] defines
a generalized mechanism to allow network nodes to seamlessly perform
continuity checks to remote entities. This document defines
necessary procedures for using S-BFD in IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS
environments.
The reader is expected to be familiar with the IP [RFC791] [RFC2460],
BFD [RFC5880], MPLS BFD [RFC5884], and S-BFD [RFC7880] terms and
protocol constructs.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. S-BFD UDP Port
A new UDP port is defined for use by S-BFD in IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS
environments: 7784.
In S-BFD Control packets from the SBFDInitiator to the SBFDReflector,
the SBFDReflector session MUST listen for incoming S-BFD Control
packets on port 7784. SBFDInitiator sessions MUST transmit S-BFD
Control packets with destination port 7784. The source port of the
S-BFD Control packets transmitted by SBFDInitiator sessions can be
any port, with one exception: it MUST NOT be 7784. The same UDP
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
source port number MUST be used for all S-BFD Control packets
associated with a particular SBFDInitiator session. The source port
number is unique among all SBFDInitiator sessions on the system.
In S-BFD Control packets from the SBFDReflector to the SBFDInitiator,
the SBFDInitiator session MUST listen for reflected S-BFD Control
packets at its source port.
3. S-BFD Echo UDP Port
The BFD Echo port defined by [RFC5881], port 3785, is used for the
S-BFD Echo function in IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS environments.
SBFDInitiator sessions MUST transmit S-BFD Echo packets with
destination port 3785. The setting of the UDP source port [RFC5881]
and the procedures [RFC7880] for the S-BFD Echo function are outside
the scope of this document.
4. S-BFD Control Packet Demultiplexing
S-BFD Control packet demultiplexing follows the procedure specified
in Section 7.1 of [RFC7880]. A received S-BFD Control packet MUST be
demultiplexed with the destination UDP port field.
This procedure for an S-BFD packet is executed on both the initiator
and the reflector. If the port is 7784 (i.e., an S-BFD packet for
the SBFDReflector), then the packet MUST be looked up to locate a
corresponding SBFDReflector session based on the value from the
Your Discriminator field in the table describing S-BFD
Discriminators. If the port is not 7784 but the packet is
demultiplexed to be for an SBFDInitiator, then the packet MUST be
looked up to locate a corresponding SBFDInitiator session based on
the value from the Your Discriminator field in the table describing
BFD Discriminators. In that case, the destination IP address of the
packet SHOULD be validated to be for itself. If the packet
demultiplexes to a classical BFD session, then the procedures from
[RFC5880] apply.
5. Initiator Procedures
S-BFD Control packets are transmitted with an IP header, UDP header,
and BFD Control packet ([RFC5880]). When S-BFD Control packets are
explicitly label switched (i.e., not IP routed and forwarded over a
Label Switched Path (LSP), but explicitly sent on a specific LSP),
the former is prepended with a label stack. Note that this document
does not make a distinction between a single-hop S-BFD scenario and a
multi-hop S-BFD scenario; both scenarios are supported.
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
The necessary values in the BFD control headers are described in
[RFC7880]. Section 5.1 describes necessary values in the MPLS
header, IP header, and UDP header when an SBFDInitiator on the
initiator is sending S-BFD Control packets.
5.1. Details of S-BFD Control Packets Sent by SBFDInitiator
o Specifications common to both IP-routed S-BFD Control packets and
explicitly label-switched S-BFD Control packets:
* The Source IP Address field of the IP header MUST be set to a
local IP address that is expected to be routable by the target
(i.e., not an IPv6 link-local address when the target is
multiple hops away).
* The UDP destination port MUST be set to a well-known UDP
destination port assigned for S-BFD, i.e., 7784.
* The UDP source port MUST NOT be set to 7784.
o Specifications for IP-routed S-BFD Control packets:
* The Destination IP Address field of the IP header MUST be set
to an IP address of the target.
* The TTL / Hop Limit field of the IP header SHOULD be set
to 255.
o Specifications for explicitly label-switched S-BFD Control
packets:
* S-BFD Control packets MUST have the label stack that is
expected to reach the target.
* The TTL field of the topmost label SHOULD be 255.
* The destination IP address MUST be chosen from the 127/8 range
for IPv4 and from the 0:0:0:0:0:ffff:7f00:0/104 range for IPv6,
as per [RFC5884].
* The TTL / Hop Limit field of the IP header MUST be set to 1.
5.1.1. Target versus Remote Entity (S-BFD Discriminator)
Typically, an S-BFD Control packet will have the Your Discriminator
field corresponding to an S-BFD Discriminator of the remote entity
located on the target network node defined by the destination IP
address or the label stack. It is, however, possible for an
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
SBFDInitiator to carefully set the Your Discriminator and TTL fields
to perform a continuity test in the direction towards a target, but
destined to a transit network node and not to the target itself.
Section 5.1 intentionally uses the word "target" instead of "remote
entity" to accommodate this possible S-BFD usage through TTL expiry.
This also requires that S-BFD Control packets not be dropped by the
responder node due to TTL expiry. Thus, implementations on the
responder MUST allow received S-BFD Control packets taking a TTL
expiry exception path to reach the corresponding SBFDReflector
session. This is an existing packet-processing exception practice
for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) packets, where
the control plane further identifies the type of OAM by the protocol
and port numbers.
6. Responder Procedures
S-BFD Control packets are IP routed back to the initiator and will
have an IP header, UDP header, and BFD control header. If an
SBFDReflector receives an S-BFD Control packet with a UDP source port
of 7784, the packet MUST be discarded. Necessary values in the BFD
control header are described in [RFC7880]. Section 6.1 describes
necessary values in the IP header and UDP header when an
SBFDReflector on the responder is sending S-BFD Control packets.
6.1. Details of S-BFD Control Packets Sent by SBFDReflector
o The Destination IP Address field of the IP header MUST be copied
from the Source IP Address field of the received S-BFD Control
packet.
o The Source IP Address field of the IP header MUST be set to a
local IP address that the initiator expects to be visible (i.e.,
not an IPv6 link-local address when the initiator is multiple hops
away). The source IP address SHOULD be copied from the
Destination IP Address field of the received S-BFD Control packet,
except when it is from the 127/8 range for IPv4 or from the
0:0:0:0:0:ffff:7f00:0/104 range for IPv6.
o The TTL / Hop Limit field of the IP header MUST be set to 255.
o The UDP destination port MUST be copied from the received UDP
source port.
o The UDP source port MUST be copied from the received UDP
destination port.
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
7. Security Considerations
Security considerations for S-BFD are discussed in [RFC7880].
Additionally, implementing the following measures will strengthen
security aspects of the mechanism described by this document:
o Implementations MUST provide filtering capability based on source
IP addresses of received S-BFD Control packets; see [RFC2827].
o Implementations MUST NOT act on received S-BFD Control packets
containing source Martian IP addresses (i.e., addresses that, by
application of the current forwarding tables, would not have their
return traffic routed back to the sender).
o Implementations MUST ensure that response S-BFD Control packets
generated by the SBFDReflector and sent to the initiator have a
reachable target (e.g., destination IP address).
8. IANA Considerations
A new port number value, 7784, was allocated from the "Service Name
and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry". The allocated registry
entry is:
Service Name (REQUIRED)
s-bfd
Transport Protocol(s) (REQUIRED)
udp
Assignee (REQUIRED)
IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
Contact (REQUIRED)
IETF Chair <chair@ietf.org>
Description (REQUIRED)
Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD)
Reference (REQUIRED)
RFC 7881
Port Number (OPTIONAL)
7784
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5880] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD)", RFC 5880, DOI 10.17487/RFC5880, June 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5880>.
[RFC5881] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD) for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop)", RFC 5881,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5881, June 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5881>.
[RFC7880] Pignataro, C., Ward, D., Akiya, N., Bhatia, M., and S.
Pallagatti, "Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(S-BFD)", RFC 7880, DOI 10.17487/RFC7880, July 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7880>.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
DOI 10.17487/RFC791, September 1981,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc791>.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, DOI 10.17487/RFC2460,
December 1998, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2460>.
[RFC2827] Ferguson, P. and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering:
Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source
Address Spoofing", BCP 38, RFC 2827, DOI 10.17487/RFC2827,
May 2000, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2827>.
[RFC5884] Aggarwal, R., Kompella, K., Nadeau, T., and G. Swallow,
"Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for MPLS Label
Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 5884, DOI 10.17487/RFC5884,
June 2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5884>.
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
^L
RFC 7881 Seamless BFD for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS July 2016
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the BFD WG members for helping to
shape the contents of this document. In particular, significant
contributions were made by the following people: Marc Binderberger,
Jeffrey Haas, Santosh Pallagatti, Greg Mirsky, Sam Aldrin, Vengada
Prasad Govindan, Mallik Mudigonda, and Srihari Raghavan.
Contributors
The following are key contributors to this document:
Tarek Saad, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Siva Sivabalan, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Nagendra Kumar, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Authors' Addresses
Carlos Pignataro
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: cpignata@cisco.com
Dave Ward
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: wardd@cisco.com
Nobo Akiya
Big Switch Networks
Email: nobo.akiya.dev@gmail.com
Pignataro, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
^L
|
