path: root/doc/rfc/rfc8063.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                      H.W. Ribbers
Request for Comments: 8063                                M.W. Groeneweg
Category: Standards Track                                           SIDN
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                R. Gieben
                                                       A.L.J. Verschuren
                                                           February 2017


       Key Relay Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol

Abstract

   This document describes an Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
   mapping for a key relay object that relays DNSSEC key material
   between EPP clients using the poll queue defined in RFC 5730.

   This key relay mapping will help facilitate changing the DNS operator
   of a domain while keeping the DNSSEC chain of trust intact.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8063.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.




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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Secure Transfer of DNSSEC Key Material  . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Object Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  DNSSEC Key Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
       2.1.1.  <keyRelayData> Element  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  EPP Command Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  EPP Query Commands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.1.1.  EPP <check> Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.1.2.  EPP <info> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.1.3.  EPP <transfer> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  EPP Transform Commands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.2.1.  EPP <create> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.2.2.  EPP <delete> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.2.3.  EPP <renew> Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.4.  EPP <transfer> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.5.  EPP <update> Command  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   4.  Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     5.1.  XML Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     5.2.  XML Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     5.3.  EPP Extension Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   There are certain transactions initiated by a DNS operator that
   require an authenticated exchange of information between DNS
   operators.  Often, there is no direct channel between these parties
   or it is non-scalable and insecure.

   One such transaction is the exchange of DNSSEC key material when
   changing the DNS operator for DNSSEC-signed zones.  We suggest that
   DNS operators use the administrative EPP channel to bootstrap the
   delegation by relaying DNSSEC key material for the zone.

   In this document, we define an EPP extension to send DNSSEC key
   material between EPP clients.  This allows DNS operators to
   automatically, reliably, and securely bootstrap the transfer of a
   domain name while keeping the DNSSEC chain of trust intact.




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1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].

   XML is case sensitive.  Unless stated otherwise, the XML
   specifications and examples provided in this document MUST be
   interpreted in the character case presented in order to develop a
   conforming implementation.

   In the examples, "C:" represents lines sent by a protocol client and
   "S:" represents lines returned by a protocol server.  Indentation and
   white space in the examples are provided only to illustrate element
   relationships and are not mandatory features of this protocol.

1.2.  Secure Transfer of DNSSEC Key Material

   Exchanging DNSSEC key material in preparation of a domain name
   transfer is one of the phases in the life cycle of a domain name
   [DNSOP].

   DNS operators need to exchange DNSSEC key material before the
   registration data can be changed to keep the DNSSEC chain of trust
   intact.  This exchange is normally initiated through the gaining
   registrar.

   The gaining and losing DNS operators could talk directly to each
   other (see Figure 1) to exchange the DNSKEY, but often there is no
   trusted path between the two.  As both can securely interact with the
   registry over the administrative channel through the registrar, the
   registry can act as a relay for the key material exchange.

   The registry is merely used as a relay channel.  Therefore, it is up
   to the losing DNS operator to complete the intended transaction.  The
   registry SHOULD have certain policies in place that require the
   losing DNS operator to cooperate with this transaction; however, this
   is beyond the scope of this document.  This document focuses on the
   EPP protocol syntax.











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           +--------------------+  DNSKEY   +---------------------+
           |gaining DNS operator| ~~~~~~~~> | losing DNS operator |
           +--------------------+           +---------------------+
                          |                   ^
                          |                   |
                          V                   |
           +--------------------+         +---------------------+
           |  gaining registrar |         | registrar of record |
           +--------------------+         +---------------------+
                          |                   ^
            EPP key relay |                   | EPP poll
                          V                   |
                     +-----------------------------+
                     |           registry          |
                     +-----------------------------+

                 Figure 1: Transfer of DNSSEC Key Material

   There is no distinction in the EPP protocol between Registrars and
   DNS operators, and there is only mention of an EPP client and EPP
   server.  Therefore, the term "EPP client" will be used for the
   interaction with the EPP server for relaying DNSSEC key material.

2.  Object Attributes

2.1.  DNSSEC Key Material

   The DNSSEC key material is represented in EPP by a <keyRelayData>
   element.

2.1.1.  <keyRelayData> Element

   The <keyRelayData> contains the following elements:

   o  One REQUIRED <keyData> element that contains the DNSSEC key
      material as described in [RFC5910], Section 4.

   o  An OPTIONAL <expiry> element that describes the expected lifetime
      of the relayed key(s) in the zone.  When the <expiry> element is
      provided, the losing DNS operator SHOULD remove the inserted key
      material from the zone after the expiry time.  This may be because
      the transaction that needed the insertion should be either
      completed or abandoned by that time.  If a client receives a key
      relay object that has been sent previously, it MUST update the
      expiry time of the key material.  This enables the clients to
      update the lifetime of the key material when a transfer is
      delayed.




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   The <expiry> element MUST contain exactly one of the following child
   elements:

   <absolute>:  The DNSSEC key material is valid from the current date
      and time until it expires on the specified date and time.  If a
      date in the past is provided, this MUST be interpreted as a
      revocation of a previously sent key relay object.

   <relative>:  The DNSSEC key material is valid from the current date
      and time until the end of the specified duration.  If a period of
      zero is provided, this MUST be interpreted as a revocation of a
      previously sent key relay object.

3.  EPP Command Mapping

   A detailed description of the EPP syntax and semantics can be found
   in the EPP core protocol specification [RFC5730].  The command
   mapping described here is specifically for use in this key relay
   mapping.

3.1.  EPP Query Commands

   EPP provides three commands to retrieve object information: <check>
   to determine if an object is known to the server, <info> to retrieve
   detailed information associated with an object, and <transfer> to
   retrieve object transfer status information.

3.1.1.  EPP <check> Command

   Check that semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is
   no mapping defined for the EPP <check> command and the EPP <check>
   response.

3.1.2.  EPP <info> Command

   Info command semantics do not apply to the key relay objects, so
   there is no mapping defined for the EPP <info> command.

   The EPP <info> response for key relay objects is used in the EPP poll
   response, as described in [RFC5730].  The key relay object created
   with the <create> command, described in Section 3.2.1 is inserted
   into the receiving client's poll queue.  The receiving client will
   receive the key relay object using the EPP <poll> command, as
   described in [RFC5730].







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   When a <poll> command has been processed successfully for a key relay
   poll message, the EPP <resData> element MUST contain a child
   <keyrelay:infData> element that is identified by the keyrelay
   namespace.  The <keyrelay:infData> element contains the following
   child elements:

   o  A REQUIRED <name> element containing the domain name for which the
      DNSSEC key material is relayed.

   o  A REQUIRED <authInfo> element that contains authorization
      information associated with the domain object ([RFC5731],
      Section 3.2.1).

   o  One or more REQUIRED <keyRelayData> elements containing data to be
      relayed, as defined in Section 2.1.  A server MAY apply a server
      policy that specifies the number of <keyRelayData> elements that
      can be incorporated.  When a server policy is violated, a server
      MUST respond with an EPP result code 2308 "Data management policy
      violation".

   o  An OPTIONAL <crDate> element that contains the date and time of
      the submitted <create> command.

   o  An OPTIONAL <reID> element that contains the identifier of the
      client that requested the key relay.

   o  An OPTIONAL <acID> element that contains the identifier of the
      client that SHOULD act upon the key relay.

   Example <poll> response:





















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   S:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
   S:<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0"
   S:    xmlns:keyrelay="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:keyrelay-1.0"
   S:  xmlns:s="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1"
   S:  xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0">
   S:  <response>
   S:    <result code="1301">
   S:      <msg>Command completed successfully; ack to dequeue</msg>
   S:    </result>
   S:    <msgQ count="5" id="12345">
   S:      <qDate>1999-04-04T22:01:00.0Z</qDate>
   S:      <msg>Keyrelay action completed successfully.</msg>
   S:    </msgQ>
   S:    <resData>
   S:      <keyrelay:infData>
   S:        <keyrelay:name>example.org</keyrelay:name>
   S:        <keyrelay:authInfo>
   S:          <d:pw>JnSdBAZSxxzJ</d:pw>
   S:        </keyrelay:authInfo>
   S:        <keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   S:          <keyrelay:keyData>
   S:            <s:flags>256</s:flags>
   S:            <s:protocol>3</s:protocol>
   S:            <s:alg>8</s:alg>
   S:            <s:pubKey>cmlraXN0aGViZXN0</s:pubKey>
   S:          </keyrelay:keyData>
   S:          <keyrelay:expiry>
   S:            <keyrelay:relative>P1M13D</keyrelay:relative>
   S:          </keyrelay:expiry>
   S:        </keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   S:        <keyrelay:crDate>
   S:          1999-04-04T22:01:00.0Z
   S:        </keyrelay:crDate>
   S:        <keyrelay:reID>
   S:          ClientX
   S:        </keyrelay:reID>
   S:        <keyrelay:acID>
   S:          ClientY
   S:        </keyrelay:acID>
   S:      </keyrelay:infData>
   S:    </resData>
   S:    <trID>
   S:      <clTRID>ABC-12345</clTRID>
   S:      <svTRID>54321-ZYX</svTRID>
   S:    </trID>
   S:  </response>
   S:</epp>




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3.1.3.  EPP <transfer> Command

   Transfer semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is no
   mapping defined for the EPP <transfer> command.

3.2.  EPP Transform Commands

   EPP provides five commands to transform objects: <create> to create
   an instance of an object, <delete> to delete an instance of an
   object, <renew> to extend the validity period of an object,
   <transfer> to manage object sponsorship changes, and <update> to
   change information associated with an object.

3.2.1.  EPP <create> Command

   The EPP <create> command provides a transform operation that allows a
   client to create a key relay object that includes the domain name and
   DNSSEC key material to be relayed.  When the <create> command is
   validated, the server MUST insert an EPP <poll> message, using the
   key relay info response (see Section 3.1.2), in the receiving
   client's poll queue that belongs to the registrar on record of the
   provided domain name.

   In addition to the standard EPP command elements, the <create>
   command MUST contain a <keyrelay:create> element that is identified
   by the keyrelay namespace.  The <keyrelay:create> element contains
   the following child elements:

   o  A REQUIRED <keyrelay:name> element containing the domain name for
      which the DNSSEC key material is relayed.

   o  A REQUIRED <authInfo> element that contains authorization
      information associated with the domain object ([RFC5731],
      Section 3.2.1).

   o  One or more REQUIRED <keyrelay:keyRelayData> elements containing
      data to be relayed, as defined in Section 2.1.














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   Example <create> commands:

   Note that in the provided example, the second <keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   element has a period of zero, and thus represents the revocation of a
   previously sent key relay object (see Section 2.1.1).

   C:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
   C:<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0"
   C:    xmlns:keyrelay="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:keyrelay-1.0"
   C:  xmlns:s="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1"
   C:  xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0">
   C:  <command>
   C:    <create>
   C:      <keyrelay:create>
   C:        <keyrelay:name>example.org</keyrelay:name>
   C:        <keyrelay:authInfo>
   C:          <d:pw>JnSdBAZSxxzJ</d:pw>
   C:        </keyrelay:authInfo>
   C:        <keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   C:          <keyrelay:keyData>
   C:            <s:flags>256</s:flags>
   C:            <s:protocol>3</s:protocol>
   C:            <s:alg>8</s:alg>
   C:            <s:pubKey>cmlraXN0aGViZXN0</s:pubKey>
   C:          </keyrelay:keyData>
   C:          <keyrelay:expiry>
   C:            <keyrelay:relative>P1M13D</keyrelay:relative>
   C:          </keyrelay:expiry>
   C:        </keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   C:        <keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   C:          <keyrelay:keyData>
   C:            <s:flags>256</s:flags>
   C:            <s:protocol>3</s:protocol>
   C:            <s:alg>8</s:alg>
   C:            <s:pubKey>bWFyY2lzdGhlYmVzdA==</s:pubKey>
   C:          </keyrelay:keyData>
   C:          <keyrelay:expiry>
   C:            <keyrelay:relative>P0D</keyrelay:relative>
   C:          </keyrelay:expiry>
   C:        </keyrelay:keyRelayData>
   C:      </keyrelay:create>
   C:    </create>
   C:    <clTRID>ABC-12345</clTRID>
   C:  </command>
   C:</epp>






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   When a server has successfully processed the <create> command, it
   MUST respond with a standard EPP response.  See [RFC5730],
   Section 2.6.

   Example <create> response:

   S:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
   S:<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0">
   S:  <response>
   S:    <result code="1000">
   S:      <msg>Command completed successfully</msg>
   S:    </result>
   S:    <trID>
   S:       <clTRID>ABC-12345</clTRID>
   S:       <svTRID>54321-ZYX</svTRID>
   S:    </trID>
   S:  </response>
   S:</epp>

   When a server cannot process the <create> command due to the server
   policy, it MUST return an EPP 2308 error message.  This might be the
   case when the server knows that the receiving client does not support
   key relay transactions.  See [RFC5730], Section 2.6.

   Example <create> response:

   S:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
   S:<epp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0">
   S:  <response>
   S:    <result code="2308">
   S:      <msg>Data management policy violation</msg>
   S:    </result>
   S:    <trID>
   S:       <clTRID>ABC-12345</clTRID>
   S:       <svTRID>54321-ZYX</svTRID>
   S:    </trID>
   S:  </response>
   S:</epp>

3.2.2.  EPP <delete> Command

   Delete semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is no
   mapping defined for the EPP <delete> command and the EPP <delete>
   response.







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3.2.3.  EPP <renew> Command

   Renew semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is no
   mapping defined for the EPP <renew> command and the EPP <renew>
   response.

3.2.4.  EPP <transfer> Command

   Transfer semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is no
   mapping defined for the EPP <transfer> command and the EPP <transfer>
   response.

3.2.5.  EPP <update> Command

   Update semantics do not apply to key relay objects, so there is no
   mapping defined for the EPP <update> command and the EPP <update>
   response.

4.  Formal Syntax

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <schema targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:keyrelay-1.0"
     xmlns:keyrelay="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:keyrelay-1.0"
     xmlns:eppcom="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:eppcom-1.0"
     xmlns:secDNS="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1"
     xmlns:domain="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
     elementFormDefault="qualified">

     <annotation>
       <documentation>
         Extensible Provisioning Protocol v1.0 protocol
         extension schema for relaying DNSSEC key material.
       </documentation>
     </annotation>

     <import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:eppcom-1.0" />
     <import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:secDNS-1.1" />
     <import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:domain-1.0" />

     <element name="keyRelayData" type="keyrelay:keyRelayDataType" />
     <element name="infData" type="keyrelay:infDataType" />
     <element name="create" type="keyrelay:createType" />








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     <complexType name="createType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="name" type="eppcom:labelType" />
         <element name="authInfo" type="domain:authInfoType" />
         <element name="keyRelayData" type="keyrelay:keyRelayDataType"
             maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

    <complexType name="infDataType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="name" type="eppcom:labelType" />
         <element name="authInfo" type="domain:authInfoType" />
         <element name="keyRelayData" type="keyrelay:keyRelayDataType"
             maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
         <element name="crDate" type="dateTime"/>
         <element name="reID" type="eppcom:clIDType" />
         <element name="acID" type="eppcom:clIDType" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="keyRelayDataType">
       <sequence>
         <element name="keyData" type="secDNS:keyDataType" />
         <element name="expiry" type="keyrelay:keyRelayExpiryType"
             minOccurs="0" />
       </sequence>
     </complexType>

     <complexType name="keyRelayExpiryType">
       <choice>
         <element name="absolute" type="dateTime" />
         <element name="relative" type="duration" />
       </choice>
     </complexType>
   </schema>















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5.  IANA Considerations

5.1.  XML Namespace

   This document uses URNs to describe an XML namespace conforming to
   the registry mechanism described in [RFC3688].  The following URI
   assignment has been made by IANA:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:keyrelay-1.0

   Registrant Contact: See the "Authors' Addresses" section of this
   document.

   XML: See the "Formal Syntax" section of this document.

5.2.  XML Schema

   This document uses URNs to describe an XML schema conforming to the
   registry mechanism described in [RFC3688].  The following URI
   assignment has been made by IANA:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:keyrelay-1.0

   XML: See the "Formal Syntax" section of this document.

5.3.  EPP Extension Registry

   The EPP extension described in this document has been registered by
   IANA in the "Extensions for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol
   (EPP)" registry described in [RFC7451].  The details of the
   registration are as follows:

   Name of Extension: "Key Relay Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning
   Protocol"

   Document status: Standards Track

   Reference: RFC 8063

   Registrant Name and Email Address: IESG, iesg@ietf.org

   Top-Level Domains (TLDs): Any

   IPR Disclosure: https://datatracker.ietf.org/ipr/

   Status: Active

   Notes: None



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6.  Security Considerations

   A server SHOULD NOT perform any transformation on data under server
   management when processing a <keyrelay:create> command.  The intent
   of this command is to put DNSSEC key material on the poll queue of
   another client.  Exceptions to this recommendation are allowable only
   for the purposes of achieving interoperability with the different
   server policies that have already implemented this EPP extension.

   Any EPP client can use this mechanism to put data on the message
   queue of another EPP client, allowing for the potential of a denial-
   of-service attack.  However, this can and should be detected by the
   server.  A server MAY set a server policy that limits or rejects a
   <keyrelay:create> command if it detects that the mechanism is being
   abused.

   For the <keyrelay:keyRelayData> data, a correct <domain:authInfo>
   element should be used as an indication that putting the key material
   on the receiving EPP clients poll queue is authorized by the
   _registrant_ of that domain name.  The authorization of EPP clients
   to perform DNS changes is not covered in this document as it depends
   on registry-specific policy.

   A client that uses this mechanism to send DNSSEC key material to
   another client could verify through DNS that the DNSSEC key material
   is added to the authoritative zone of the domain.  This check can be
   used to verify that the DNSSEC key material has traveled end-to-end
   from the gaining DNS operator to the losing DNS operator.  This check
   does not tell anything about the DNSSEC chain of trust and can merely
   be used as a verification of a successful transfer of the DNSSEC key
   material.




















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7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC5730]  Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)",
              STD 69, RFC 5730, DOI 10.17487/RFC5730, August 2009,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5730>.

   [RFC5731]  Hollenbeck, S., "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)
              Domain Name Mapping", STD 69, RFC 5731,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5731, August 2009,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5731>.

   [RFC5910]  Gould, J. and S. Hollenbeck, "Domain Name System (DNS)
              Security Extensions Mapping for the Extensible
              Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", RFC 5910,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5910, May 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5910>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [DNSOP]    Koch, P., Sanz, M., and A. Verschuren, "Changing DNS
              Operators for DNSSEC signed Zones", Work in Progress,
              draft-koch-dnsop-dnssec-operator-change-06, February 2014.

   [RFC7451]  Hollenbeck, S., "Extension Registry for the Extensible
              Provisioning Protocol", RFC 7451, DOI 10.17487/RFC7451,
              February 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7451>.














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Acknowledgements

   We would like to thank the following individuals for their valuable
   input, review, and constructive criticism in earlier revisions or
   support for the concepts described in this document:

   Maarten Wullink, Marco Davids, Ed Lewis, James Mitchell, David Peal,
   Patrik Faltstrom, Klaus Malorny, James Gould, Patrick Mevzek, Seth
   Goldman, Maarten Bosteels, Ulrich Wisser, Kees Monshouwer, Scott
   Hollenbeck, and Job Snijders.

Authors' Addresses

   Rik Ribbers
   SIDN
   Meander 501
   Arnhem  6825 MD
   The Netherlands

   Email: rik.ribbers@sidn.nl
   URI:   https://www.sidn.nl/


   Marc Groeneweg
   SIDN
   Meander 501
   Arnhem  6825 MD
   The Netherlands

   Email: marc.groeneweg@sidn.nl
   URI:   https://www.sidn.nl/


   Miek Gieben

   Email: miek@miek.nl


   Antoin Verschuren

   Email: ietf@antoin.nl










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