path: root/doc/rfc/rfc9362.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                      M. Boucadair
Request for Comments: 9362                                        Orange
Category: Standards Track                                     J. Shallow
ISSN: 2070-1721                                            February 2023


   Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Signal
     Channel Configuration Attributes for Robust Block Transmission

Abstract

   This document specifies new DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) signal
   channel configuration parameters that can be negotiated between DOTS
   peers to enable the use of Q-Block1 and Q-Block2 Constrained
   Application Protocol (CoAP) options.  These options enable robust and
   faster transmission rates for large amounts of data with less packet
   interchanges as well as support for faster recovery should any of the
   blocks get lost in transmission (especially during DDoS attacks).

   Also, this document defines a YANG data model for representing these
   new DOTS signal channel configuration parameters.  This model
   augments the DOTS signal YANG module ("ietf-dots-signal-channel")
   defined in RFC 9132.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9362.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the
   Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described
   in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
   2.  Terminology
   3.  DOTS Attributes for Robust Block Transmission
   4.  YANG/JSON Mapping Parameters to CBOR
   5.  DOTS Robust Block Transmission YANG Module
   6.  IANA Considerations
     6.1.  Registry for DOTS Signal Channel CBOR Mappings
     6.2.  DOTS Robust Block Transmission YANG Module
   7.  Security Considerations
   8.  References
     8.1.  Normative References
     8.2.  Informative References
   Acknowledgements
   Authors' Addresses

1.  Introduction

   The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [RFC7252], although
   inspired by HTTP, was designed to use UDP instead of TCP.  The
   message layer of CoAP over UDP includes support for reliable
   delivery, simple congestion control, and flow control.  The block-
   wise transfer [RFC7959] introduced the CoAP Block1 and Block2 options
   to handle data records that cannot fit in a single IP packet, to
   avoid having to rely on IP fragmentation.  The block-wise transfer
   was further updated by [RFC8323] for use over TCP, TLS, and
   WebSockets.

   The CoAP Block1 and Block2 options work well in environments where
   there are no or minimal packet losses.  These options operate
   synchronously where each individual block has to be requested and can
   only ask for (or send) the next block when the request for the
   previous block has completed.  Packet rates, and hence block
   transmission rates, are controlled by Round-Trip Times (RTTs).

   There is a requirement for these blocks of data to be transmitted at
   higher rates under network conditions where there may be asymmetrical
   transient packet loss (e.g., responses may get dropped).  An example
   is when a network is subject to a Distributed Denial of Service
   (DDoS) attack and there is a need for DDoS mitigation agents relying
   upon CoAP to communicate with each other (e.g., [RFC9244]).  As a
   reminder, [RFC7959] recommends the use of Confirmable (CON) responses
   to handle potential packet loss.  However, such a recommendation does
   not work with a "flooded pipe" DDoS situation because the returning
   ACK packets may not get through.

   The block-wise transfer specified in [RFC7959] covers the general
   case but falls short in situations where packet loss is highly
   asymmetrical.  The mechanism specified in [RFC9177] provides features
   roughly similar to the Block1/Block2 options but also provides
   additional properties that are tailored towards the intended DDoS
   Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) transmission.  Concretely, [RFC9177]
   primarily targets applications such as DOTS that can't use
   Confirmable responses to handle potential packet loss and that
   support application-specific mechanisms to assess whether the remote
   peer is able to handle the messages sent by a CoAP endpoint (e.g.,
   DOTS heartbeats as discussed in Section 4.7 of [RFC9132]).

   [RFC9177] includes guards to prevent a CoAP agent from overloading
   the network by adopting an aggressive sending rate.  These guards are
   followed in addition to the existing CoAP congestion control as
   specified in Section 4.7 of [RFC7252] (mainly PROBING_RATE).  Table 1
   lists the additional CoAP parameters that are used for the guards
   (Section 7.2 of [RFC9177]).  Note that NON in this table refers to
   Non-confirmable.

                +=====================+===================+
                | Parameter Name      | Default Value     |
                +=====================+===================+
                | MAX_PAYLOADS        | 10                |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_MAX_RETRANSMIT  | 4                 |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_TIMEOUT         | 2 s               |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_TIMEOUT_RANDOM  | between 2-3 s     |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT | 4 s               |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_PROBING_WAIT    | between 247-248 s |
                +---------------------+-------------------+
                | NON_PARTIAL_TIMEOUT | 247 s             |
                +---------------------+-------------------+

                   Table 1: Congestion Control Parameters

   PROBING_RATE and other transmission parameters are negotiated between
   DOTS peers as discussed in Section 4.5.2 of [RFC9132].  Nevertheless,
   negotiating the parameters listed in Table 1 is not supported in
   [RFC9132].  This document defines new DOTS signal channel attributes,
   corresponding to the parameters in Table 1, that are used to
   customize the configuration of robust block transmission in a DOTS
   context.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Readers should be familiar with the terms and concepts defined in
   [RFC7252] and [RFC8612].

   The terms "payload" and "body" are defined in [RFC7959].  The term
   "payload" is thus used for the content of a single CoAP message
   (i.e., a single block being transferred), while the term "body" is
   used for the entire resource representation that is being transferred
   in a block-wise fashion.

   The meanings of the symbols in YANG tree diagrams are defined in
   [RFC8340] and [RFC8791].

3.  DOTS Attributes for Robust Block Transmission

   Section 7.2 of [RFC9177] defines the following parameters that are
   used for congestion control purposes:

   MAX_PAYLOADS:  This parameter represents the maximum number of
      payloads that can be transmitted at any one time.

   NON_MAX_RETRANSMIT:  This parameter represents the maximum number of
      times a request for the retransmission of missing payloads can
      occur without a response from the remote peer.  By default,
      NON_MAX_RETRANSMIT has the same value as MAX_RETRANSMIT
      (Section 4.8 of [RFC7252]).

   NON_TIMEOUT:  This parameter represents the maximum period of delay
      between sending sets of MAX_PAYLOADS payloads for the same body.
      NON_TIMEOUT has the same value as ACK_TIMEOUT (Section 4.8 of
      [RFC7252]).

   NON_TIMEOUT_RANDOM:  This parameter represents the initial actual
      delay between sending the first two MAX_PAYLOADS_SETs of the same
      body.  It is a random duration between NON_TIMEOUT and
      (NON_TIMEOUT * ACK_RANDOM_FACTOR).

   NON_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT:  This parameter represents the maximum time to
      wait for a missing payload before requesting retransmission.  By
      default, NON_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT has a value of twice NON_TIMEOUT.

   NON_PROBING_WAIT:  This parameter is used to limit the potential wait
      needed when using PROBING_RATE.

   NON_PARTIAL_TIMEOUT:  This parameter is used for expiring partially
      received bodies.

   These parameters are used together with the PROBING_RATE parameter,
   which in CoAP indicates the average data rate that must not be
   exceeded by a CoAP endpoint in sending to a peer endpoint that does
   not respond.  The single body of blocks will be subjected to
   PROBING_RATE (Section 4.7 of [RFC7252]), not the individual packets.
   If the wait time between sending bodies that are not being responded
   to based on PROBING_RATE exceeds NON_PROBING_WAIT, then the wait time
   is limited to NON_PROBING_WAIT.

   This document augments the "ietf-dots-signal-channel" DOTS signal
   YANG module defined in Section 5.3 of [RFC9132] with the following
   additional attributes that can be negotiated between DOTS peers to
   enable robust and faster transmission:

   max-payloads:  This attribute echoes the MAX_PAYLOADS parameter
      defined in [RFC9177].

      This is an optional attribute.  If the attribute is supplied in
      both 'idle-config' and 'mitigating-config', then it MUST convey
      the same value.  If the attribute is only provided as part of
      'idle-config' (or 'mitigating-config'), then the other definition
      (i.e., 'mitigating-config' (or 'idle-config')) MUST be updated to
      the same value.

   non-max-retransmit:  This attribute echoes the NON_MAX_RETRANSMIT
      parameter defined in [RFC9177].  The default value of this
      attribute is 'max-retransmit'.  Note that DOTS uses a default
      value of '3' instead of '4' (which is used generically by CoAP for
      'max-transmit'; see Section 4.5.2 of [RFC9132] and Section 4.8 of
      [RFC7252]).

      This is an optional attribute.

   non-timeout:  This attribute, expressed in seconds, echoes the
      NON_TIMEOUT parameter defined in [RFC9177].  The default value of
      this attribute is 'ack-timeout'.

      This attribute is also used to compute the NON_TIMEOUT_RANDOM
      parameter.

      This is an optional attribute.

   non-receive-timeout:  This attribute, expressed in seconds, echoes
      the NON_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT parameter defined in [RFC9177].  The
      default value of this attribute is twice 'non-timeout'.

      This is an optional attribute.

   non-probing-wait:  This attribute, expressed in seconds, echoes the
      NON_PROBING_WAIT parameter defined in [RFC9177].

      This is an optional attribute.

   non-partial-timeout:  This attribute, expressed in seconds, echoes
      the NON_PARTIAL_TIMEOUT parameter defined in [RFC9177].  The
      default value of this attribute is 247 seconds.

      This is an optional attribute.

   The tree structure of the "ietf-dots-robust-trans" module (Section 5)
   is shown in Figure 1.

   module: ietf-dots-robust-trans

     augment-structure /dots-signal:dots-signal/dots-signal:message-type
                       /dots-signal:signal-config
                       /dots-signal:mitigating-config:
       +-- max-payloads
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value?   uint16
       |  |     +-- min-value?   uint16
       |  +-- current-value?     uint16
       +-- non-max-retransmit
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value?   uint16
       |  |     +-- min-value?   uint16
       |  +-- current-value?     uint16
       +-- non-timeout
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-receive-timeout
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-probing-wait
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-partial-timeout:
          +-- (direction)?
          |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
          |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
          |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
          +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64

     augment-structure /dots-signal:dots-signal/dots-signal:message-type
                       /dots-signal:signal-config
                       /dots-signal:idle-config:
       +-- max-payloads
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value?   uint16
       |  |     +-- min-value?   uint16
       |  +-- current-value?     uint16
       +-- non-max-retransmit
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value?   uint16
       |  |     +-- min-value?   uint16
       |  +-- current-value?     uint16
       +-- non-timeout
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-receive-timeout
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-probing-wait
       |  +-- (direction)?
       |  |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
       |  |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
       |  +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64
       +-- non-partial-timeout:
          +-- (direction)?
          |  +--:(server-to-client-only)
          |     +-- max-value-decimal?   decimal64
          |     +-- min-value-decimal?   decimal64
          +-- current-value-decimal?     decimal64

           Figure 1: DOTS Fast Block Transmission Tree Structure

   These attributes are mapped to Concise Binary Object Representation
   (CBOR) types as specified in Section 4 and in Section 6 of [RFC9132].

   DOTS clients follow the procedure specified in Section 4.5 of
   [RFC9132] to negotiate, configure, and retrieve the DOTS signal
   channel session behavior (including Q-Block parameters) with DOTS
   peers.

   Implementation Note 1:  'non-probing-wait' ideally should be left
      having some jitter and so should not be hard-coded with an
      explicit value.  It is suggested to use a base value (using
      NON_TIMEOUT instead of NON_TIMEOUT_RANDOM); the jitter
      (ACK_RANDOM_FACTOR - 1) is then added to each time the value is
      checked.

   Implementation Note 2:  If any of the signal channel session
      configuration parameters is updated, the 'non-probing-wait' and
      'non-partial-timeout' values should be recalculated according to
      the definition algorithms provided in Section 7.2 of [RFC9177]
      unless explicit values are provided as part of the negotiated
      configuration.

   An example of a PUT message to configure Q-Block parameters is
   depicted in Figure 2.  In this example, a non-default value is
   configured for the 'max-payloads' attribute, while default values are
   used for 'non-max-retransmit', 'non-timeout', and 'non-receive-
   timeout' in both idle and mitigation times.  Given that 'non-probing-
   wait' and 'non-partial-timeout' are not explicitly configured in this
   example, these attributes will be computed following the algorithms
   provided in Section 7.2 of [RFC9177].  The meanings of the other
   attributes are detailed in Section 4.5 of [RFC9132].

        Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
        Uri-Path: ".well-known"
        Uri-Path: "dots"
        Uri-Path: "config"
        Uri-Path: "sid=123"
        Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"

        {
          "ietf-dots-signal-channel:signal-config": {
            "mitigating-config": {
              "heartbeat-interval": {
                "current-value": 30
              },
              "missing-hb-allowed": {
                "current-value": 15
              },
              "probing-rate": {
                "current-value": 15
              },
              "max-retransmit": {
                "current-value": 3
              },
              "ack-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "2.00"
              },
              "ack-random-factor": {
                "current-value-decimal": "1.50"
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:max-payloads": {
                "current-value": 15
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-max-retransmit": {
                "current-value": 3
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "2.00"
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-receive-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "4.00"
              }
            },
            "idle-config": {
              "heartbeat-interval": {
                "current-value": 0
              },
              "max-retransmit": {
                "current-value": 3
              },
              "ack-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "2.00"
              },
              "ack-random-factor": {
                "current-value-decimal": "1.50"
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:max-payloads": {
                "current-value": 15
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-max-retransmit": {
                "current-value": 3
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "2.00"
              },
              "ietf-dots-robust-trans:non-receive-timeout": {
                "current-value-decimal": "4.00"
              }
            }
          }
        }

      Figure 2: Example of PUT to Convey the Configuration Parameters

   The payload of the message depicted in Figure 2 is CBOR-encoded as
   indicated by the Content-Format set to "application/dots+cbor"
   (Section 10.4 of [RFC9132]).  However, and for the sake of better
   readability, the example uses JSON encoding of YANG-modeled data
   following the mapping tables in Section 4 and in Section 6 of
   [RFC9132]: use the JSON names and types defined in Section 4.  These
   conventions are inherited from [RFC9132].

4.  YANG/JSON Mapping Parameters to CBOR

   The YANG/JSON mapping parameters to CBOR are listed in Table 2.

      Note: Implementers must check that the mapping output provided by
      their YANG-to-CBOR encoding schemes is aligned with the content of
      Table 2.

   +====================+===========+=======+=================+========+
   | Parameter Name     | YANG Type | CBOR  | CBOR Major Type | JSON   |
   |                    |           | Key   | & Information   | Type   |
   +====================+===========+=======+=================+========+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32776 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:max-         |           |       |                 |        |
   | payloads           |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32777 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:non-max-     |           |       |                 |        |
   | retransmit         |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32778 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:non-timeout  |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32779 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:non-         |           |       |                 |        |
   | receive-timeout    |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32780 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:non-         |           |       |                 |        |
   | probing-wait       |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+
   | ietf-dots-robust-  | container | 32781 | 5 map           | Object |
   | trans:non-         |           |       |                 |        |
   | partial-timeout    |           |       |                 |        |
   +--------------------+-----------+-------+-----------------+--------+

               Table 2: YANG/JSON Mapping Parameters to CBOR

5.  DOTS Robust Block Transmission YANG Module

   This module uses the data structure extension defined in [RFC8791].

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-dots-robust-trans@2023-02-28.yang"
   module ietf-dots-robust-trans {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-robust-trans";
     prefix dots-robust;

     import ietf-dots-signal-channel {
       prefix dots-signal;
       reference
         "RFC 9132: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
                    Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification";
     }
     import ietf-yang-structure-ext {
       prefix sx;
       reference
         "RFC 8791: YANG Data Structure Extensions";
     }

     organization
       "IETF DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Working Group";
     contact
       "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dots/>
        WG List:  <mailto:dots@ietf.org>

        Author:   Mohamed Boucadair
                  <mailto:mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>;

        Author:   Jon Shallow
                  <mailto:ietf-supjps@jpshallow.com>";
     description
       "This module contains YANG definitions for the configuration
        of parameters that can be negotiated between a DOTS client
        and a DOTS server for robust block transmission.

        Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
        to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License
        set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 9362; see the
        RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2023-02-28 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC 9362: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
                    Signaling (DOTS) Configuration Attributes
                    for Robust Block Transmission";
     }

     grouping robust-transmission-attributes {
       description
         "A set of DOTS signal channel session configuration
          parameters that are negotiated between DOTS agents when
          making use of Q-Block1 and Q-Block2 options.";
       container max-payloads {
         description
           "Indicates the maximum number of payloads that
            can be transmitted at any one time.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value {
               type uint16;
               description
                 "Maximum acceptable 'max-payloads' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value {
               type uint16;
               description
                 "Minimum acceptable 'max-payloads' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value {
           type uint16;
           default "10";
           description
             "Current 'max-payloads' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
       container non-max-retransmit {
         description
           "Indicates the maximum number of times a request
            for the retransmission of missing payloads can
            occur without a response from the remote peer.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value {
               type uint16;
               description
                 "Maximum acceptable 'non-max-retransmit' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value {
               type uint16;
               description
                 "Minimum acceptable 'non-max-retransmit' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value {
           type uint16;
           default "3";
           description
             "Current 'non-max-retransmit' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
       container non-timeout {
         description
           "Indicates the maximum period of delay between
            sending sets of MAX_PAYLOADS payloads for the same
            body.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Maximum 'ack-timeout' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Minimum 'ack-timeout' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value-decimal {
           type decimal64 {
             fraction-digits 2;
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "2.00";
           description
             "Current 'ack-timeout' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
       container non-receive-timeout {
         description
           "Indicates the time to wait for a missing payload
            before requesting retransmission.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Maximum 'non-receive-timeout' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Minimum 'non-receive-timeout' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value-decimal {
           type decimal64 {
             fraction-digits 2;
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "4.00";
           description
             "Current 'non-receive-timeout' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
       container non-probing-wait {
         description
           "Used to limit the potential wait needed when
            using 'probing-rate'.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Maximum 'non-probing-wait' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Minimum 'non-probing-wait' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value-decimal {
           type decimal64 {
             fraction-digits 2;
           }
           units "seconds";
           description
             "Current 'non-probing-wait' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
       container non-partial-timeout {
         description
           "Used for expiring partially received bodies.";
         choice direction {
           description
             "Indicates the communication direction in which the
              data nodes can be included.";
           case server-to-client-only {
             description
               "These data nodes appear only in a message sent
                from the server to the client.";
             leaf max-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Maximum 'non-partial-timeout' value.";
             }
             leaf min-value-decimal {
               type decimal64 {
                 fraction-digits 2;
               }
               units "seconds";
               description
                 "Minimum 'non-partial-timeout' value.";
             }
           }
         }
         leaf current-value-decimal {
           type decimal64 {
             fraction-digits 2;
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "247.00";
           description
             "Current 'non-partial-timeout' value.";
           reference
             "RFC 9177: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
                        Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
                        Robust Transmission, Section 7.2";
         }
       }
     }

     sx:augment-structure "/dots-signal:dots-signal"
                        + "/dots-signal:message-type"
                        + "/dots-signal:signal-config"
                        + "/dots-signal:mitigating-config" {
       description
         "Indicates DOTS configuration attributes to use for
          robust transmission when a mitigation is active.";
       uses robust-transmission-attributes;
     }
     sx:augment-structure "/dots-signal:dots-signal"
                        + "/dots-signal:message-type"
                        + "/dots-signal:signal-config"
                        + "/dots-signal:idle-config" {
       description
         "Indicates DOTS configuration parameters to use for
          robust transmission when no mitigation is active.";
       uses robust-transmission-attributes;
     }
   }
   <CODE ENDS>

6.  IANA Considerations

6.1.  Registry for DOTS Signal Channel CBOR Mappings

   This specification registers the following parameters in the IANA
   "DOTS Signal Channel CBOR Key Values" registry [Key-Map].

   +===================+==========+=======+============+===============+
   | Parameter Name    | CBOR     | CBOR  | Change     | Specification |
   |                   | Key      | Major | Controller | Document(s)   |
   |                   | Value    | Type  |            |               |
   +===================+==========+=======+============+===============+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32776    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:max-        |          |       |            |               |
   | payloads          |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32777    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:non-max-    |          |       |            |               |
   | retransmit        |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32778    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:non-timeout |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32779    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:non-        |          |       |            |               |
   | receive-timeout   |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32780    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:non-        |          |       |            |               |
   | probing-wait      |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+
   | ietf-dots-robust- | 32781    | 5     | IESG       | RFC 9362      |
   | trans:non-        |          |       |            |               |
   | partial-timeout   |          |       |            |               |
   +-------------------+----------+-------+------------+---------------+

           Table 3: DOTS Robust Block Transmission CBOR Mappings

6.2.  DOTS Robust Block Transmission YANG Module

   IANA has registered the following URI in the "ns" subregistry within
   the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]:

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-robust-trans
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG.
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   IANA has registered the following YANG module in the "YANG Module
   Names" subregistry [RFC6020] within the "YANG Parameters" registry.

   Name:  ietf-dots-robust-trans
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-robust-trans
   Maintained by IANA?  N
   Prefix:  dots-robust
   Reference:  RFC 9362

7.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations for the DOTS signal channel protocol are
   discussed in Section 11 of [RFC9132].

   CoAP-specific security considerations are discussed in Section 11 of
   [RFC9177].

   Consistent with Section 5 of [RFC9132], the "ietf-dots-robust-trans"
   module is not intended to be used via NETCONF/RESTCONF.  It serves as
   an abstract representation in DOTS signal channel messages.  The
   "ietf-dots-robust-trans" module does not introduce any new
   vulnerabilities beyond those specified above.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.

   [RFC7959]  Bormann, C. and Z. Shelby, Ed., "Block-Wise Transfers in
              the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7959,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7959, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7959>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8323]  Bormann, C., Lemay, S., Tschofenig, H., Hartke, K.,
              Silverajan, B., and B. Raymor, Ed., "CoAP (Constrained
              Application Protocol) over TCP, TLS, and WebSockets",
              RFC 8323, DOI 10.17487/RFC8323, February 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8323>.

   [RFC8791]  Bierman, A., Björklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Data
              Structure Extensions", RFC 8791, DOI 10.17487/RFC8791,
              June 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8791>.

   [RFC9132]  Boucadair, M., Ed., Shallow, J., and T. Reddy.K,
              "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
              (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification", RFC 9132,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9132, September 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9132>.

   [RFC9177]  Boucadair, M. and J. Shallow, "Constrained Application
              Protocol (CoAP) Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
              Robust Transmission", RFC 9177, DOI 10.17487/RFC9177,
              March 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9177>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [Key-Map]  IANA, "DOTS Signal Channel CBOR Key Values",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/dots/>.

   [RFC8340]  Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
              BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.

   [RFC8612]  Mortensen, A., Reddy, T., and R. Moskowitz, "DDoS Open
              Threat Signaling (DOTS) Requirements", RFC 8612,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8612, May 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8612>.

   [RFC9244]  Boucadair, M., Ed., Reddy.K, T., Ed., Doron, E., Chen, M.,
              and J. Shallow, "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry", RFC 9244,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9244, June 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9244>.

Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Tiru Reddy, Meiling Chen, and Kaname Nishizuka for the
   review.

   Thanks to Michal Vaško for the yangdoctors review.

   Thanks to Valery Smyslov for shepherding the document, Paul Wouters
   for the AD review, Paul Kyzivat for the artart directorate review,
   Tim Evens for the Gen-ART review, and Jean-Michel Combes for the int-
   dir review.

   Thanks to John Scudder, Lars Eggert, Éric Vyncke, Roman Danyliw, Rob
   Wilton, and Martin Duke for their comments during the IESG review.

Authors' Addresses

   Mohamed Boucadair
   Orange
   35000 Rennes
   France
   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com


   Jon Shallow
   United Kingdom
   Email: supjps-ietf@jpshallow.com