path: root/doc/rfc/rfc9529.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                       G. Selander
Request for Comments: 9529                             J. Preuß Mattsson
Category: Informational                                         Ericsson
ISSN: 2070-1721                                               M. Serafin
                                                              ASSA ABLOY
                                                               M. Tiloca
                                                                 RISE AB
                                                              M. Vučinić
                                                                   Inria
                                                              March 2024


          Traces of Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC)

Abstract

   This document contains example traces of Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman
   Over COSE (EDHOC).

Status of This Memo

   This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
   published for informational purposes.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
   approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet
   Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9529.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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   Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described
   in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
     1.1.  Setup
     1.2.  Requirements Language
   2.  Authentication with Signatures, X.509 Identified by 'x5t'
     2.1.  message_1
     2.2.  message_2
     2.3.  message_3
     2.4.  message_4
     2.5.  PRK_out and PRK_exporter
     2.6.  OSCORE Parameters
     2.7.  Key Update
     2.8.  Certificates
   3.  Authentication with Static DH, CCS Identified by 'kid'
     3.1.  message_1 (First Time)
     3.2.  error
     3.3.  message_1 (Second Time)
     3.4.  message_2
     3.5.  message_3
     3.6.  message_4
     3.7.  PRK_out and PRK_exporter
     3.8.  OSCORE Parameters
     3.9.  Key Update
   4.  Invalid Traces
     4.1.  Encoding Errors
     4.2.  Cryptography-Related Errors
     4.3.  Non-deterministic CBOR
   5.  Security Considerations
   6.  IANA Considerations
   7.  References
     7.1.  Normative References
     7.2.  Informative References
   Acknowledgments
   Authors' Addresses

1.  Introduction

   EDHOC [RFC9528] is a lightweight authenticated key exchange protocol
   designed for highly constrained settings.  This document contains
   annotated traces of EDHOC sessions with input, output, and
   intermediate processing results to simplify testing of
   implementations.  The traces have been verified by two independent
   implementations.

1.1.  Setup

   EDHOC is run between an Initiator (I) and a Responder (R).  The
   private/public key pairs and credentials of the Initiator and the
   Responder required to produce the protocol messages are shown in the
   traces when needed for the calculations.

   EDHOC messages and intermediate results are encoded in Concise Binary
   Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC8949] and can therefore be displayed
   in CBOR diagnostic notation using, e.g., the CBOR playground
   [CborMe], which makes them easy to parse for humans.  Credentials can
   also be encoded in CBOR, e.g., CBOR Web Tokens (CWTs) [RFC8392].

   The document contains two traces:

   *  Section 2 - Authentication with signature keys identified by the
      hash value of the X.509 certificates (provided in Section 2.8).
      The endpoints use Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm
      (EdDSA) [RFC8032] for authentication and X25519 [RFC7748] for
      ephemeral-ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange.

   *  Section 3 - Authentication with static Diffie-Hellman keys
      identified by short key identifiers labeling CWT Claims Sets
      (CCSs) [RFC8392].  The endpoints use NIST P-256 [SP-800-186] for
      both ephemeral-ephemeral and ephemeral-static DH key exchange.
      This trace also illustrates the cipher suite negotiation and
      provides an example of low protocol overhead with messages sizes
      of 39, 45, and 19 bytes.

   Examples of invalid EDHOC messages are found in Section 4.

   Note 1.  The same name is used for hexadecimal byte strings and their
            CBOR encodings.  The traces contain both the raw byte
            strings and the corresponding CBOR-encoded data items.

   Note 2.  If not clear from the context, remember that CBOR sequences
            and CBOR arrays assume CBOR-encoded data items as elements.

   Note 3.  When the protocol transporting EDHOC messages does not
            inherently provide correlation across all messages, then
            some messages are typically prepended with connection
            identifiers and potentially a message_1 indicator (see
            Section 3.4.1 and Appendix A.2 of [RFC9528]).  Those bytes
            are not included in the traces in this document.

1.2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  Authentication with Signatures, X.509 Identified by 'x5t'

   In this example, the Initiator (I) and Responder (R) are
   authenticated with digital signatures (METHOD = 0).  Both the
   Initiator and the Responder support cipher suite 0, which determines
   the algorithms:

   *  EDHOC AEAD algorithm = AES-CCM-16-64-128

   *  EDHOC hash algorithm = SHA-256

   *  EDHOC Message Authentication Code (MAC) length in bytes (Static
      DH) = 8

   *  EDHOC key exchange algorithm (ECDH curve) = X25519

   *  EDHOC signature algorithm = EdDSA

   *  application AEAD algorithm = AES-CCM-16-64-128

   *  application hash algorithm = SHA-256

   The public keys are represented with X.509 certificates identified by
   the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) header parameter 'x5t'.

2.1.  message_1

   Both endpoints are authenticated with signatures, i.e., METHOD = 0:

   METHOD (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   00

   The Initiator selects cipher suite 0.  A single cipher suite is
   encoded as an int:

   SUITES_I (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   00

   The Initiator creates an ephemeral key pair for use with the EDHOC
   key exchange algorithm:

   Initiator's ephemeral private key
   X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   89 2e c2 8e 5c b6 66 91 08 47 05 39 50 0b 70 5e 60 d0 08 d3 47 c5 81
   7e e9 f3 32 7c 8a 87 bb 03

   Initiator's ephemeral public key
   G_X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   31 f8 2c 7b 5b 9c bb f0 f1 94 d9 13 cc 12 ef 15 32 d3 28 ef 32 63 2a
   48 81 a1 c0 70 1e 23 7f 04

   Initiator's ephemeral public key
   G_X (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 31 f8 2c 7b 5b 9c bb f0 f1 94 d9 13 cc 12 ef 15 32 d3 28 ef 32
   63 2a 48 81 a1 c0 70 1e 23 7f 04

   The Initiator selects its connection identifier C_I to be the byte
   string 0x2d, which is encoded as 0x2d since it is represented by the
   1-byte CBOR int -14:

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   2d

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   2d

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_1 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Initiator constructs message_1:

   message_1 =
   (
     0,
     0,
     h'31f82c7b5b9cbbf0f194d913cc12ef1532d328ef32632a48
       81a1c0701e237f04',
     -14
   )

   message_1 (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   00 00 58 20 31 f8 2c 7b 5b 9c bb f0 f1 94 d9 13 cc 12 ef 15 32 d3 28
   ef 32 63 2a 48 81 a1 c0 70 1e 23 7f 04 2d

2.2.  message_2

   The Responder supports the most preferred and selected cipher suite
   0, so SUITES_I is acceptable.

   The Responder creates an ephemeral key pair for use with the EDHOC
   key exchange algorithm:

   Responder's ephemeral private key
   Y (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   e6 9c 23 fb f8 1b c4 35 94 24 46 83 7f e8 27 bf 20 6c 8f a1 0a 39 db
   47 44 9e 5a 81 34 21 e1 e8

   Responder's ephemeral public key
   G_Y (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   dc 88 d2 d5 1d a5 ed 67 fc 46 16 35 6b c8 ca 74 ef 9e be 8b 38 7e 62
   3a 36 0b a4 80 b9 b2 9d 1c

   Responder's ephemeral public key
   G_Y (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 dc 88 d2 d5 1d a5 ed 67 fc 46 16 35 6b c8 ca 74 ef 9e be 8b 38
   7e 62 3a 36 0b a4 80 b9 b2 9d 1c

   The Responder selects its connection identifier C_R to be the byte
   string 0x18, which is encoded as h'18' = 0x4118 since it is not
   represented by a 1-byte CBOR int:

   Connection identifier chosen by the Responder
   C_R (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   18

   Connection identifier chosen by the Responder
   C_R (CBOR Data Item) (2 bytes)
   41 18

   The transcript hash TH_2 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_2 = H( G_Y, H(message_1) )

   H(message_1) (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   c1 65 d6 a9 9d 1b ca fa ac 8d bf 2b 35 2a 6f 7d 71 a3 0b 43 9c 9d 64
   d3 49 a2 38 48 03 8e d1 6b

   H(message_1) (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 c1 65 d6 a9 9d 1b ca fa ac 8d bf 2b 35 2a 6f 7d 71 a3 0b 43 9c
   9d 64 d3 49 a2 38 48 03 8e d1 6b

   The input to calculate TH_2 is the CBOR sequence:

   G_Y, H(message_1)

   Input to calculate TH_2 (CBOR Sequence) (68 bytes)
   58 20 dc 88 d2 d5 1d a5 ed 67 fc 46 16 35 6b c8 ca 74 ef 9e be 8b 38
   7e 62 3a 36 0b a4 80 b9 b2 9d 1c 58 20 c1 65 d6 a9 9d 1b ca fa ac 8d
   bf 2b 35 2a 6f 7d 71 a3 0b 43 9c 9d 64 d3 49 a2 38 48 03 8e d1 6b

   TH_2 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a
   06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d

   TH_2 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a
   79 6a 06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d

   PRK_2e is specified in Section 4.1.1.1 of [RFC9528].

   First, the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) shared secret G_XY is
   computed from G_X and Y or G_Y and X:

   G_XY (Raw Value) (ECDH shared secret) (32 bytes)
   e5 cd f3 a9 86 cd ac 5b 7b f0 46 91 e2 b0 7c 08 e7 1f 53 99 8d 8f 84
   2b 7c 3f b4 d8 39 cf 7b 28

   Then, PRK_2e is calculated using EDHOC_Extract(), which is determined
   by the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   PRK_2e = EDHOC_Extract( salt, G_XY )
          = HMAC-SHA-256( salt, G_XY )

   where salt is TH_2:

   salt (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a
   06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d

   PRK_2e (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   d5 84 ac 2e 5d ad 5a 77 d1 4b 53 eb e7 2e f1 d5 da a8 86 0d 39 93 73
   bf 2c 24 0a fa 7b a8 04 da

   Since METHOD = 0, the Responder authenticates using signatures.
   Since the selected cipher suite is 0, the EDHOC signature algorithm
   is EdDSA.

   The Responder's signature key pair uses EdDSA:

   Responder's private authentication key
   SK_R (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   ef 14 0f f9 00 b0 ab 03 f0 c0 8d 87 9c bb d4 b3 1e a7 1e 6e 7e e7 ff
   cb 7e 79 55 77 7a 33 27 99

   Responder's public authentication key
   PK_R (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62
   c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59

   PRK_3e2m is specified in Section 4.1.1.2 of [RFC9528].

   Since the Responder authenticates with signatures, PRK_3e2m = PRK_2e.

   PRK_3e2m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   d5 84 ac 2e 5d ad 5a 77 d1 4b 53 eb e7 2e f1 d5 da a8 86 0d 39 93 73
   bf 2c 24 0a fa 7b a8 04 da

   The Responder constructs the remaining input needed to calculate
   MAC_2:

   MAC_2 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 2, context_2, mac_length_2 )

   context_2 = << C_R, ID_CRED_R, TH_2, CRED_R, ? EAD_2 >>

   CRED_R is identified by a 64-bit hash:

   ID_CRED_R =
   {
     34 : [-15, h'79f2a41b510c1f9b']
   }

   where the COSE header value 34 ('x5t') indicates a hash of an X.509
   certificate, and the COSE algorithm -15 indicates the hash algorithm
   SHA-256 truncated to 64 bits.

   ID_CRED_R (CBOR Data Item) (14 bytes)
   a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b 51 0c 1f 9b

   CRED_R is a CBOR byte string of the DER encoding of the X.509
   certificate in Section 2.8.1:

   CRED_R (Raw Value) (241 bytes)
   30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e c4 30 05 06 03 2b 65
   70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f
   74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34
   33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30
   1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 65 72
   20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 a1 db 47
   b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a
   c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 b7 23 bc 01 ea b0 92
   8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa f1 45
   37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65 d8 6d
   ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

   CRED_R (CBOR Data Item) (243 bytes)
   58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e c4 30 05 06 03
   2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52
   6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38
   32 34 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31
   20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 64
   65 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 a1
   db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0
   0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 b7 23 bc 01 ea
   b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa
   f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65
   d8 6d ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_2 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   context_2 = << C_R, ID_CRED_R, TH_2, CRED_R, ? EAD_2 >>

   context_2 (CBOR Sequence) (293 bytes)
   41 18 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b 51 0c 1f 9b 58 20 c6 40 5c 15 4c
   56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a 06 52 ca e6 6c
   90 61 68 8d 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e c4
   30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48
   4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33
   31 36 30 38 32 34 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30
   5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 65 73
   70 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70
   03 21 00 a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0
   f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 b7
   23 bc 01 ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69 87 b0 32
   47 8f ec fa f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a
   bc 94 95 65 d8 6d ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

   context_2 (CBOR byte string) (296 bytes)
   59 01 25 41 18 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b 51 0c 1f 9b 58 20 c6 40
   5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a 06 52
   ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62
   31 9e c4 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12
   45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32
   32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30
   30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20
   52 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03
   2b 65 70 03 21 00 a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac
   e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03
   41 00 b7 23 bc 01 ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69
   87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18
   37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65 d8 6d ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

   MAC_2 is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]):

   MAC_2 = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, mac_length_2 )

   where

   info = ( 2, context_2, mac_length_2 )

   Since METHOD = 0, mac_length_2 is given by the EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for MAC_2 is:

   info =
   (
     2,
     h'4118a11822822e4879f2a41b510c1f9b5820c6405c154c56
       7466ab1df20369500e540e9f14bd3a796a0652cae66c9061
       688d58f13081ee3081a1a003020102020462319ec4300506
       032b6570301d311b301906035504030c124544484f432052
       6f6f742045643235353139301e170d323230333136303832
       3433365a170d3239313233313233303030305a3022312030
       1e06035504030c174544484f4320526573706f6e64657220
       45643235353139302a300506032b6570032100a1db47b951
       84854ad12a0c1a354e418aace33aa0f2c662c00b3ac55de9
       2f9359300506032b6570034100b723bc01eab0928e8b2b6c
       98de19cc3823d46e7d6987b032478fecfaf14537a1af14cc
       8be829c6b73044101837eb4abc949565d86dce51cfae52ab
       82c152cb02',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the output size of the EDHOC hash algorithm
   in bytes.

   info for MAC_2 (CBOR Sequence) (299 bytes)
   02 59 01 25 41 18 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b 51 0c 1f 9b 58 20 c6
   40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a 06
   52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04
   62 31 9e c4 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c
   12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d
   32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33
   30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43
   20 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06
   03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a
   ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70
   03 41 00 b7 23 bc 01 ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d
   69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10
   18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65 d8 6d ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02 18 20

   MAC_2 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   86 2a 7e 5e f1 47 f9 a5 f4 c5 12 e1 b6 62 3c d6 6c d1 7a 72 72 07 2b
   fe 5b 60 2f fe 30 7e e0 e9

   MAC_2 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 86 2a 7e 5e f1 47 f9 a5 f4 c5 12 e1 b6 62 3c d6 6c d1 7a 72 72
   07 2b fe 5b 60 2f fe 30 7e e0 e9

   Since METHOD = 0, Signature_or_MAC_2 is the 'signature' of the
   COSE_Sign1 object.

   The Responder constructs the message to be signed:

   [
     "Signature1",
     << ID_CRED_R >>,
     << TH_2, CRED_R, ? EAD_2 >>,
     MAC_2
   ] =

   [
     "Signature1",
     h'a11822822e4879f2a41b510c1f9b',
     h'5820c6405c154c567466ab1df20369500e540e9f14bd3a79
       6a0652cae66c9061688d58f13081ee3081a1a00302010202
       0462319ec4300506032b6570301d311b301906035504030c
       124544484f4320526f6f742045643235353139301e170d32
       32303331363038323433365a170d32393132333132333030
       30305a30223120301e06035504030c174544484f43205265
       73706f6e6465722045643235353139302a300506032b6570
       032100a1db47b95184854ad12a0c1a354e418aace33aa0f2
       c662c00b3ac55de92f9359300506032b6570034100b723bc
       01eab0928e8b2b6c98de19cc3823d46e7d6987b032478fec
       faf14537a1af14cc8be829c6b73044101837eb4abc949565
       d86dce51cfae52ab82c152cb02',
     h'862a7e5ef147f9a5f4c512e1b6623cd66cd17a7272072bfe
       5b602ffe307ee0e9'
   ]

   Message to be signed in message_2 (CBOR Data Item) (341 bytes)
   84 6a 53 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 31 4e a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b
   51 0c 1f 9b 59 01 15 58 20 c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50
   0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a 79 6a 06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d 58 f1 30 81 ee
   30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e c4 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d
   31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45
   64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34 33 36 5a
   17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03
   55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 65 72 20 45 64
   32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 a1 db 47 b9 51 84
   85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9
   2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 b7 23 bc 01 ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b
   6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa f1 45 37 a1 af
   14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65 d8 6d ce 51 cf
   ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02 58 20 86 2a 7e 5e f1 47 f9 a5 f4 c5 12 e1 b6
   62 3c d6 6c d1 7a 72 72 07 2b fe 5b 60 2f fe 30 7e e0 e9

   The Responder signs using the private authentication key SK_R.

   Signature_or_MAC_2 (Raw Value) (64 bytes)
   c3 b5 bd 44 d1 e4 4a 08 5c 03 d3 ae de 4e 1e 6c 11 c5 72 a1 96 8c c3
   62 9b 50 5f 98 c6 81 60 8d 3d 1d e7 93 d1 c4 0e b5 dd 5d 89 ac f1 96
   6a ea 07 02 2b 48 cd c9 98 70 eb c4 03 74 e8 fa 6e 09

   Signature_or_MAC_2 (CBOR Data Item) (66 bytes)
   58 40 c3 b5 bd 44 d1 e4 4a 08 5c 03 d3 ae de 4e 1e 6c 11 c5 72 a1 96
   8c c3 62 9b 50 5f 98 c6 81 60 8d 3d 1d e7 93 d1 c4 0e b5 dd 5d 89 ac
   f1 96 6a ea 07 02 2b 48 cd c9 98 70 eb c4 03 74 e8 fa 6e 09

   The Responder constructs PLAINTEXT_2:

   PLAINTEXT_2 =
   (
     C_R,
     ID_CRED_R / bstr / -24..23,
     Signature_or_MAC_2,
     ? EAD_2
   )

   PLAINTEXT_2 (CBOR Sequence) (82 bytes)
   41 18 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b 51 0c 1f 9b 58 40 c3 b5 bd 44 d1
   e4 4a 08 5c 03 d3 ae de 4e 1e 6c 11 c5 72 a1 96 8c c3 62 9b 50 5f 98
   c6 81 60 8d 3d 1d e7 93 d1 c4 0e b5 dd 5d 89 ac f1 96 6a ea 07 02 2b
   48 cd c9 98 70 eb c4 03 74 e8 fa 6e 09

   The input needed to calculate KEYSTREAM_2 is defined in Section 4.1.2
   of [RFC9528], using EDHOC_Expand() with the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   KEYSTREAM_2 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_2e, 0, TH_2, plaintext_length )
               = HKDF-Expand( PRK_2e, info, plaintext_length )

   where plaintext_length is the length in bytes of PLAINTEXT_2 in bytes
   and info for KEYSTREAM_2 is:

   info =
   (
     0,
     h'c6405c154c567466ab1df20369500e540e9f14bd3a796a06
       52cae66c9061688d',
     82
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of PLAINTEXT_2.

   info for KEYSTREAM_2 (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   00 58 20 c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd
   3a 79 6a 06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d 18 52

   KEYSTREAM_2 (Raw Value) (82 bytes)
   fd 3e 7c 3f 2d 6b ee 64 3d 3c 9d 2f 28 47 03 5d 73 e2 ec b0 f8 db 5c
   d1 c6 85 4e 24 89 6a f2 11 88 b2 c4 34 4e 68 9e c2 98 42 83 d9 fb c6
   9c e1 c5 db 10 dc ff f2 4d f9 a4 9a 04 a9 40 58 27 7b c7 fa 9a d6 c6
   b1 94 ab 32 8b 44 5e b0 80 49 0c d7 86

   The Responder calculates CIPHERTEXT_2 as XOR between PLAINTEXT_2 and
   KEYSTREAM_2:

   CIPHERTEXT_2 (Raw Value) (82 bytes)
   bc 26 dd 27 0f e9 c0 2c 44 ce 39 34 79 4b 1c c6 2b a2 2f 05 45 9f 8d
   35 8c 8d 12 27 5a c4 2c 5f 96 de d5 f1 3c c9 08 4e 5b 20 18 89 a4 5e
   5a 60 a5 56 2d c1 18 61 9c 3d aa 2f d9 f4 c9 f4 d6 ed ad 10 9d d4 ed
   f9 59 62 aa fb af 9a b3 f4 a1 f6 b9 8f

   The Responder constructs message_2:

   message_2 =
   (
     G_Y_CIPHERTEXT_2
   )

   where G_Y_CIPHERTEXT_2 is the bstr encoding of the concatenation of
   the raw values of G_Y and CIPHERTEXT_2.

   message_2 (CBOR Sequence) (116 bytes)
   58 72 dc 88 d2 d5 1d a5 ed 67 fc 46 16 35 6b c8 ca 74 ef 9e be 8b 38
   7e 62 3a 36 0b a4 80 b9 b2 9d 1c bc 26 dd 27 0f e9 c0 2c 44 ce 39 34
   79 4b 1c c6 2b a2 2f 05 45 9f 8d 35 8c 8d 12 27 5a c4 2c 5f 96 de d5
   f1 3c c9 08 4e 5b 20 18 89 a4 5e 5a 60 a5 56 2d c1 18 61 9c 3d aa 2f
   d9 f4 c9 f4 d6 ed ad 10 9d d4 ed f9 59 62 aa fb af 9a b3 f4 a1 f6 b9
   8f

2.3.  message_3

   Since METHOD = 0, the Initiator authenticates using signatures.
   Since the selected cipher suite is 0, the EDHOC signature algorithm
   is EdDSA.

   The Initiator's signature key pair uses EdDSA:

   Initiator's private authentication key
   SK_I (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   4c 5b 25 87 8f 50 7c 6b 9d ae 68 fb d4 fd 3f f9 97 53 3d b0 af 00 b2
   5d 32 4e a2 8e 6c 21 3b c8

   Initiator's public authentication key
   PK_I (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f
   23 d8 cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e

   PRK_4e3m is specified in Section 4.1.1.3 of [RFC9528].

   Since the Initiator authenticates with signatures, PRK_4e3m =
   PRK_3e2m.

   PRK_4e3m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   d5 84 ac 2e 5d ad 5a 77 d1 4b 53 eb e7 2e f1 d5 da a8 86 0d 39 93 73
   bf 2c 24 0a fa 7b a8 04 da

   The transcript hash TH_3 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_3 = H( TH_2, PLAINTEXT_2, CRED_R )

   Input to calculate TH_3 (CBOR Sequence) (359 bytes)
   58 20 c6 40 5c 15 4c 56 74 66 ab 1d f2 03 69 50 0e 54 0e 9f 14 bd 3a
   79 6a 06 52 ca e6 6c 90 61 68 8d 41 18 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 79 f2 a4 1b
   51 0c 1f 9b 58 40 c3 b5 bd 44 d1 e4 4a 08 5c 03 d3 ae de 4e 1e 6c 11
   c5 72 a1 96 8c c3 62 9b 50 5f 98 c6 81 60 8d 3d 1d e7 93 d1 c4 0e b5
   dd 5d 89 ac f1 96 6a ea 07 02 2b 48 cd c9 98 70 eb c4 03 74 e8 fa 6e
   09 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e c4 30 05 06
   03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20
   52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30
   38 32 34 33 36 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22
   31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 65 73 70 6f 6e
   64 65 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00
   a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41 8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62
   c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f 93 59 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 b7 23 bc 01
   ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4 6e 7d 69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec
   fa f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95
   65 d8 6d ce 51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

   TH_3 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69
   b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc

   TH_3 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57
   f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc

   The Initiator constructs the remaining input needed to calculate
   MAC_3:

   MAC_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 6, context_3, mac_length_3 )

   where

   context_3 = << ID_CRED_I, TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>

   CRED_I is identified by a 64-bit hash:

   ID_CRED_I =
   {
     34 : [-15, h'c24ab2fd7643c79f']
   }

   where the COSE header value 34 ('x5t') indicates a hash of an X.509
   certificate, and the COSE algorithm -15 indicates the hash algorithm
   SHA-256 truncated to 64 bits.

   ID_CRED_I (CBOR Data Item) (14 bytes)
   a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43 c7 9f

   CRED_I is a CBOR byte string of the DER encoding of the X.509
   certificate in Section 2.8.2:

   CRED_I (Raw Value) (241 bytes)
   30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e a0 30 05 06 03 2b 65
   70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f
   74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34
   30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30
   1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e 69 74 69 61 74 6f 72
   20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 ed 06 a8
   ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8 cc
   20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 52 12 41 d8 b3 a7 70
   99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3 92 75 ae 48
   b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05 ee ff 27 b9
   e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

   CRED_I (CBOR Data Item) (243 bytes)
   58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e a0 30 05 06 03
   2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52
   6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38
   32 34 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31
   20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e 69 74 69 61 74
   6f 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 ed
   06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23
   d8 cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 52 12 41 d8 b3
   a7 70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3 92 75
   ae 48 b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05 ee ff
   27 b9 e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_3 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   context_3 = << ID_CRED_I, TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>

   context_3 (CBOR Sequence) (291 bytes)
   a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43 c7 9f 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24
   0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9
   28 bc 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e a0 30 05
   06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43
   20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36
   30 38 32 34 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30
   22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e 69 74 69
   61 74 6f 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21
   00 ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e
   0f 23 d8 cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 52 12 41
   d8 b3 a7 70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3
   92 75 ae 48 b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05
   ee ff 27 b9 e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

   context_3 (CBOR byte string) (294 bytes)
   59 01 23 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43 c7 9f 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4
   f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99
   65 92 e9 28 bc 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e
   a0 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44
   48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30
   33 31 36 30 38 32 34 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30
   30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e
   69 74 69 61 74 6f 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65
   70 03 21 00 ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3
   02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8 cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00
   52 12 41 d8 b3 a7 70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df
   29 10 b3 92 75 ae 48 b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22
   67 dd 05 ee ff 27 b9 e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

   MAC_3 is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]):

   MAC_3 = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, mac_length_3 )

   where

   info = ( 6, context_3, mac_length_3 )

   where

   context_3 = << ID_CRED_I, TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>

   Since METHOD = 0, mac_length_3 is given by the EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for MAC_3 is:

   info =
   (
     6,
     h'a11822822e48c24ab2fd7643c79f58205b7df9b4f58f240c
       e0418e48191b5fff3a22b5ca57f669b16777996592e928bc
       58f13081ee3081a1a003020102020462319ea0300506032b
       6570301d311b301906035504030c124544484f4320526f6f
       742045643235353139301e170d3232303331363038323430
       305a170d3239313233313233303030305a30223120301e06
       035504030c174544484f4320496e69746961746f72204564
       3235353139302a300506032b6570032100ed06a8ae61a829
       ba5fa54525c9d07f48dd44a302f43e0f23d8cc20b7308514
       1e300506032b6570034100521241d8b3a770996bcfc9b9ea
       d4e7e0a1c0db353a3bdf2910b39275ae48b756015981850d
       27db6734e37f67212267dd05eeff27b9e7a813fa574b72a0
       0b430b',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the output size of the EDHOC hash algorithm
   in bytes.

   info for MAC_3 (CBOR Sequence) (297 bytes)
   06 59 01 23 a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43 c7 9f 58 20 5b 7d f9
   b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69 b1 67 77
   99 65 92 e9 28 bc 58 f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31
   9e a0 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45
   44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32
   30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30
   30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49
   6e 69 74 69 61 74 6f 72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b
   65 70 03 21 00 ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44
   a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8 cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41
   00 52 12 41 d8 b3 a7 70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b
   df 29 10 b3 92 75 ae 48 b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21
   22 67 dd 05 ee ff 27 b9 e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b 18 20

   MAC_3 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   39 b1 27 c1 30 12 9a fa 30 61 8c 75 13 29 e6 37 cc 37 34 27 0d 4b 01
   25 84 45 a8 ee 02 da a3 bd

   MAC_3 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 39 b1 27 c1 30 12 9a fa 30 61 8c 75 13 29 e6 37 cc 37 34 27 0d
   4b 01 25 84 45 a8 ee 02 da a3 bd

   Since METHOD = 0, Signature_or_MAC_3 is the 'signature' of the
   COSE_Sign1 object.

   The Initiator constructs the message to be signed:

   [
     "Signature1",
     << ID_CRED_I >>,
     << TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>,
     MAC_3
   ] =

   [
     "Signature1",
     h'a11822822e48c24ab2fd7643c79f',
     h'58205b7df9b4f58f240ce0418e48191b5fff3a22b5ca57f6
       69b16777996592e928bc58f13081ee3081a1a00302010202
       0462319ea0300506032b6570301d311b301906035504030c
       124544484f4320526f6f742045643235353139301e170d32
       32303331363038323430305a170d32393132333132333030
       30305a30223120301e06035504030c174544484f4320496e
       69746961746f722045643235353139302a300506032b6570
       032100ed06a8ae61a829ba5fa54525c9d07f48dd44a302f4
       3e0f23d8cc20b73085141e300506032b6570034100521241
       d8b3a770996bcfc9b9ead4e7e0a1c0db353a3bdf2910b392
       75ae48b756015981850d27db6734e37f67212267dd05eeff
       27b9e7a813fa574b72a00b430b',
     h'39b127c130129afa30618c751329e637cc3734270d4b0125
       8445a8ee02daa3bd'
   ]

   Message to be signed in message_3 (CBOR Data Item) (341 bytes)
   84 6a 53 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 31 4e a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd
   76 43 c7 9f 59 01 15 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b
   5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc 58 f1 30 81 ee
   30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e a0 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 30 1d
   31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f 6f 74 20 45
   64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32 34 30 30 5a
   17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20 30 1e 06 03
   55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e 69 74 69 61 74 6f 72 20 45 64
   32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8
   29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8 cc 20 b7 30
   85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 52 12 41 d8 b3 a7 70 99 6b cf
   c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3 92 75 ae 48 b7 56 01
   59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05 ee ff 27 b9 e7 a8 13
   fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b 58 20 39 b1 27 c1 30 12 9a fa 30 61 8c 75 13
   29 e6 37 cc 37 34 27 0d 4b 01 25 84 45 a8 ee 02 da a3 bd

   The Initiator signs using the private authentication key SK_I:

   Signature_or_MAC_3 (Raw Value) (64 bytes)
   96 e1 cd 5f ce ad fa c1 b5 af 81 94 43 f7 09 24 f5 71 99 55 95 7f d0
   26 55 be b4 77 5e 1a 73 18 6a 0d 1d 3e a6 83 f0 8f 8d 03 dc ec b9 cf
   15 4e 1c 6f 55 5a 1e 12 ca 11 8c e4 2b db a6 87 89 07

   Signature_or_MAC_3 (CBOR Data Item) (66 bytes)
   58 40 96 e1 cd 5f ce ad fa c1 b5 af 81 94 43 f7 09 24 f5 71 99 55 95
   7f d0 26 55 be b4 77 5e 1a 73 18 6a 0d 1d 3e a6 83 f0 8f 8d 03 dc ec
   b9 cf 15 4e 1c 6f 55 5a 1e 12 ca 11 8c e4 2b db a6 87 89 07

   The Initiator constructs PLAINTEXT_3:

   PLAINTEXT_3 =
   (
     ID_CRED_I / bstr / -24..23,
     Signature_or_MAC_3,
     ? EAD_3
   )

   PLAINTEXT_3 (CBOR Sequence) (80 bytes)
   a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43 c7 9f 58 40 96 e1 cd 5f ce ad fa
   c1 b5 af 81 94 43 f7 09 24 f5 71 99 55 95 7f d0 26 55 be b4 77 5e 1a
   73 18 6a 0d 1d 3e a6 83 f0 8f 8d 03 dc ec b9 cf 15 4e 1c 6f 55 5a 1e
   12 ca 11 8c e4 2b db a6 87 89 07

   The Initiator constructs the associated data for message_3:

   A_3 =
   [
     "Encrypt0",
     h'',
     h'5b7df9b4f58f240ce0418e48191b5fff3a22b5ca57f669b1
       6777996592e928bc'
   ]

   A_3 (CBOR Data Item) (45 bytes)
   83 68 45 6e 63 72 79 70 74 30 40 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41
   8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc

   The Initiator constructs the input needed to derive the key K_3 (see
   Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   K_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 3, TH_3, key_length )
       = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, key_length )

   where key_length is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC
   Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) algorithm, and
   info for K_3 is:

   info =
   (
     3,
     h'5b7df9b4f58f240ce0418e48191b5fff3a22b5ca57f669b1
       6777996592e928bc',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for K_3 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   03 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca
   57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc 10

   K_3 (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   da 19 5e 5f 64 8a c6 3b 0e 8f b0 c4 55 20 51 39

   The Initiator constructs the input needed to derive the nonce IV_3
   (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   IV_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 4, TH_3, iv_length )
        = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, iv_length )

   where iv_length is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for IV_3 is:

   info =
   (
     4,
     h'5b7df9b4f58f240ce0418e48191b5fff3a22b5ca57f669b1
       6777996592e928bc',
     13
   )

   where the last value is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for IV_3 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   04 58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca
   57 f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc 0d

   IV_3 (Raw Value) (13 bytes)
   38 d8 c6 4c 56 25 5a ff a4 49 f4 be d7

   The Initiator calculates CIPHERTEXT_3 as 'ciphertext' of
   COSE_Encrypt0 applied using the EDHOC AEAD algorithm with plaintext
   PLAINTEXT_3, additional data A_3, key K_3, and nonce IV_3.

   CIPHERTEXT_3 (Raw Value) (88 bytes)
   25 c3 45 88 4a aa eb 22 c5 27 f9 b1 d2 b6 78 72 07 e0 16 3c 69 b6 2a
   0d 43 92 81 50 42 72 03 c3 16 74 e4 51 4e a6 e3 83 b5 66 eb 29 76 3e
   fe b0 af a5 18 77 6a e1 c6 5f 85 6d 84 bf 32 af 3a 78 36 97 04 66 dc
   b7 1f 76 74 5d 39 d3 02 5e 77 03 e0 c0 32 eb ad 51 94 7c

   message_3 is the CBOR bstr encoding of CIPHERTEXT_3:

   message_3 (CBOR Sequence) (90 bytes)
   58 58 25 c3 45 88 4a aa eb 22 c5 27 f9 b1 d2 b6 78 72 07 e0 16 3c 69
   b6 2a 0d 43 92 81 50 42 72 03 c3 16 74 e4 51 4e a6 e3 83 b5 66 eb 29
   76 3e fe b0 af a5 18 77 6a e1 c6 5f 85 6d 84 bf 32 af 3a 78 36 97 04
   66 dc b7 1f 76 74 5d 39 d3 02 5e 77 03 e0 c0 32 eb ad 51 94 7c

   The transcript hash TH_4 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_4 = H( TH_3, PLAINTEXT_3, CRED_I )

   Input to calculate TH_4 (CBOR Sequence) (357 bytes)
   58 20 5b 7d f9 b4 f5 8f 24 0c e0 41 8e 48 19 1b 5f ff 3a 22 b5 ca 57
   f6 69 b1 67 77 99 65 92 e9 28 bc a1 18 22 82 2e 48 c2 4a b2 fd 76 43
   c7 9f 58 40 96 e1 cd 5f ce ad fa c1 b5 af 81 94 43 f7 09 24 f5 71 99
   55 95 7f d0 26 55 be b4 77 5e 1a 73 18 6a 0d 1d 3e a6 83 f0 8f 8d 03
   dc ec b9 cf 15 4e 1c 6f 55 5a 1e 12 ca 11 8c e4 2b db a6 87 89 07 58
   f1 30 81 ee 30 81 a1 a0 03 02 01 02 02 04 62 31 9e a0 30 05 06 03 2b
   65 70 30 1d 31 1b 30 19 06 03 55 04 03 0c 12 45 44 48 4f 43 20 52 6f
   6f 74 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 1e 17 0d 32 32 30 33 31 36 30 38 32
   34 30 30 5a 17 0d 32 39 31 32 33 31 32 33 30 30 30 30 5a 30 22 31 20
   30 1e 06 03 55 04 03 0c 17 45 44 48 4f 43 20 49 6e 69 74 69 61 74 6f
   72 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 30 2a 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 21 00 ed 06
   a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f 48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8
   cc 20 b7 30 85 14 1e 30 05 06 03 2b 65 70 03 41 00 52 12 41 d8 b3 a7
   70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0 db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3 92 75 ae
   48 b7 56 01 59 81 85 0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05 ee ff 27
   b9 e7 a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

   TH_4 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd 39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99 be 42 d5
   a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac

   TH_4 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd 39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99 be
   42 d5 a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac

2.4.  message_4

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_4 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Responder constructs PLAINTEXT_4:

   PLAINTEXT_4 =
   (
     ? EAD_4
   )

   PLAINTEXT_4 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Responder constructs the associated data for message_4:

   A_4 =
   [
     "Encrypt0",
     h'',
     h'0eb868f263cf3555dccd396dd8dec29d3750d599be42d5a4
       1a5a37c896f294ac'
   ]

   A_4 (CBOR Data Item) (45 bytes)
   83 68 45 6e 63 72 79 70 74 30 40 58 20 0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd
   39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99 be 42 d5 a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac

   The Responder constructs the input needed to derive the EDHOC
   message_4 key (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   K_4 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 8, TH_4, key_length )
       = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, key_length )

   where key_length is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for K_4 is:

   info =
   (
     8,
     h'0eb868f263cf3555dccd396dd8dec29d3750d599be42d5a4
       1a5a37c896f294ac',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for K_4 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   08 58 20 0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd 39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99
   be 42 d5 a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac 10

   K_4 (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   df 8c b5 86 1e 1f df ed d3 b2 30 15 a3 9d 1e 2e

   The Responder constructs the input needed to derive the EDHOC
   message_4 nonce (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   IV_4 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 9, TH_4, iv_length )
        = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, iv_length )

   where length is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for IV_4 is:

   info =
   (
     9,
     h'0eb868f263cf3555dccd396dd8dec29d3750d599be42d5a4
       1a5a37c896f294ac',
     13
   )

   where the last value is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for IV_4 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   09 58 20 0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd 39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99
   be 42 d5 a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac 0d

   IV_4 (Raw Value) (13 bytes)
   12 8e c6 58 d9 70 d7 38 0f 74 fc 6c 27

   The Responder calculates CIPHERTEXT_4 as 'ciphertext' of
   COSE_Encrypt0 applied using the EDHOC AEAD algorithm with plaintext
   PLAINTEXT_4, additional data A_4, key K_4, and nonce IV_4.

   CIPHERTEXT_4 (8 bytes)
   4f 0e de e3 66 e5 c8 83

   message_4 is the CBOR bstr encoding of CIPHERTEXT_4:

   message_4 (CBOR Sequence) (9 bytes)
   48 4f 0e de e3 66 e5 c8 83

2.5.  PRK_out and PRK_exporter

   PRK_out is specified in Section 4.1.3 of [RFC9528].

   PRK_out = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 7, TH_4, hash_length )
           = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for PRK_out is:

   info =
   (
     7,
     h'0eb868f263cf3555dccd396dd8dec29d3750d599be42d5a4
       1a5a37c896f294ac',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the output of the
   EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for PRK_out (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   07 58 20 0e b8 68 f2 63 cf 35 55 dc cd 39 6d d8 de c2 9d 37 50 d5 99
   be 42 d5 a4 1a 5a 37 c8 96 f2 94 ac 18 20

   PRK_out (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   b7 44 cb 7d 8a 87 cc 04 47 c3 35 0e 16 5b 25 0d ab 12 ec 45 33 25 ab
   b9 22 b3 03 07 e5 c3 68 f0

   The Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE)
   Master Secret and OSCORE Master Salt are derived with the
   EDHOC_Exporter as specified in Section 4.2.1 of [RFC9528].

   EDHOC_Exporter( exporter_label, context, length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, exporter_label, context, length )

   where PRK_exporter is derived from PRK_out:

   PRK_exporter = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 10, h'', hash_length )
                = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for the PRK_exporter is:

   info =
   (
     10,
     h'',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the output of the
   EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for PRK_exporter (CBOR Sequence) (4 bytes)
   0a 40 18 20

   PRK_exporter (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   2a ae c8 fc 4a b3 bc 32 95 de f6 b5 51 05 1a 2f a5 61 42 4d b3 01 fa
   84 f6 42 f5 57 8a 6d f5 1a

2.6.  OSCORE Parameters

   The derivation of OSCORE parameters is specified in Appendix A.1 of
   [RFC9528].

   The AEAD and hash algorithms to use in OSCORE are given by the
   selected cipher suite:

   Application AEAD Algorithm (int)
   10

   Application Hash Algorithm (int)
   -16

   The mapping from EDHOC connection identifiers to OSCORE Sender/
   Recipient IDs is defined in Section 3.3.3 of [RFC9528].

   C_R is mapped to the Recipient ID of the server, i.e., the Sender ID
   of the client.  The byte string 0x18, which as C_R is encoded as the
   CBOR byte string 0x4118, is converted to the server Recipient ID
   0x18.

   Client's OSCORE Sender ID (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   18

   C_I is mapped to the Recipient ID of the client, i.e., the Sender ID
   of the server.  The byte string 0x2d, which as C_I is encoded as the
   CBOR integer 0x2d, is converted to the client Recipient ID 0x2d.

   Server's OSCORE Sender ID (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   2d

   The OSCORE Master Secret is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the
   application hash algorithm (see Appendix A.1 of [RFC9528]):

   OSCORE Master Secret = EDHOC_Exporter( 0, h'', oscore_key_length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, 0, h'', oscore_key_length )
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_key_length )

   where oscore_key_length is the key length in bytes for the
   application AEAD algorithm by default, and info for the OSCORE Master
   Secret is:

   info =
   (
     0,
     h'',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the application
   AEAD algorithm.

   info for OSCORE Master Secret (CBOR Sequence) (3 bytes)
   00 40 10

   OSCORE Master Secret (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   1e 1c 6b ea c3 a8 a1 ca c4 35 de 7e 2f 9a e7 ff

   The OSCORE Master Salt is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the
   application hash algorithm (see Section 4.2 of [RFC9528]):

   OSCORE Master Salt = EDHOC_Exporter( 1, h'', oscore_salt_length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, 1, h'', oscore_salt_length )
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_salt_length )

   where oscore_salt_length is the length in bytes of the OSCORE Master
   Salt, and info for the OSCORE Master Salt is:

   info =
   (
     1,
     h'',
     8
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the OSCORE Master
   Salt.

   info for OSCORE Master Salt (CBOR Sequence) (3 bytes)
   01 40 08

   OSCORE Master Salt (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   ce 7a b8 44 c0 10 6d 73

2.7.  Key Update

   Key update is defined in Appendix H of [RFC9528].

   EDHOC_KeyUpdate( context ):
   PRK_out = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 11, context, hash_length )
           = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash function, and the context for KeyUpdate is:

   context for KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c

   context for KeyUpdate (CBOR Data Item) (17 bytes)
   50 d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c

   where info for KeyUpdate is:

   info =
   (
     11,
     h'd6be169602b8bceaa01158fdb820890c',
     32
   )

   info for KeyUpdate (CBOR Sequence) (20 bytes)
   0b 50 d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c 18 20

   PRK_out after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   da 6e ac d9 a9 85 f4 fb a9 ae c2 a9 29 90 22 97 6b 25 b1 4e 89 fa 15
   97 94 f2 8d 82 fa f2 da ad

   After the key update, the PRK_exporter needs to be derived anew:

   PRK_exporter = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 10, h'', hash_length )
                = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where info and hash_length are unchanged as in Section 2.5.

   PRK_exporter after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   00 14 d2 52 5e e0 d8 e2 13 ea 59 08 02 8e 9a 1c e9 a0 1c 30 54 6f 09
   30 c0 44 d3 8d b5 36 2c 05

   The OSCORE Master Secret is derived with the updated PRK_exporter:

   OSCORE Master Secret
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_key_length )

   where info and oscore_key_length are unchanged as in Section 2.6.

   OSCORE Master Secret after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   ee 0f f5 42 c4 7e b0 e0 9c 69 30 76 49 bd bb e5

   The OSCORE Master Salt is derived with the updated PRK_exporter:

   OSCORE Master Salt
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_salt_length )

   where info and oscore_salt_length are unchanged as in Section 2.6.

   OSCORE Master Salt after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   80 ce de 2a 1e 5a ab 48

2.8.  Certificates

2.8.1.  Responder Certificate

           Version: 3 (0x2)
           Serial Number: 1647419076 (0x62319ec4)
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Issuer: CN = EDHOC Root Ed25519
           Validity
               Not Before: Mar 16 08:24:36 2022 GMT
               Not After : Dec 31 23:00:00 2029 GMT
           Subject: CN = EDHOC Responder Ed25519
           Subject Public Key Info:
               Public Key Algorithm: ED25519
                   ED25519 Public-Key:
                   pub:
                       a1 db 47 b9 51 84 85 4a d1 2a 0c 1a 35 4e 41
                       8a ac e3 3a a0 f2 c6 62 c0 0b 3a c5 5d e9 2f
                       93 59
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Signature Value:
               b7 23 bc 01 ea b0 92 8e 8b 2b 6c 98 de 19 cc 38 23 d4
               6e 7d 69 87 b0 32 47 8f ec fa f1 45 37 a1 af 14 cc 8b
               e8 29 c6 b7 30 44 10 18 37 eb 4a bc 94 95 65 d8 6d ce
               51 cf ae 52 ab 82 c1 52 cb 02

2.8.2.  Initiator Certificate

           Version: 3 (0x2)
           Serial Number: 1647419040 (0x62319ea0)
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Issuer: CN = EDHOC Root Ed25519
           Validity
               Not Before: Mar 16 08:24:00 2022 GMT
               Not After : Dec 31 23:00:00 2029 GMT
           Subject: CN = EDHOC Initiator Ed25519
           Subject Public Key Info:
               Public Key Algorithm: ED25519
                   ED25519 Public-Key:
                   pub:
                       ed 06 a8 ae 61 a8 29 ba 5f a5 45 25 c9 d0 7f
                       48 dd 44 a3 02 f4 3e 0f 23 d8 cc 20 b7 30 85
                       14 1e
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Signature Value:
               52 12 41 d8 b3 a7 70 99 6b cf c9 b9 ea d4 e7 e0 a1 c0
               db 35 3a 3b df 29 10 b3 92 75 ae 48 b7 56 01 59 81 85
               0d 27 db 67 34 e3 7f 67 21 22 67 dd 05 ee ff 27 b9 e7
               a8 13 fa 57 4b 72 a0 0b 43 0b

2.8.3.  Common Root Certificate

           Version: 3 (0x2)
           Serial Number: 1647418996 (0x62319e74)
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Issuer: CN = EDHOC Root Ed25519
           Validity
               Not Before: Mar 16 08:23:16 2022 GMT
               Not After : Dec 31 23:00:00 2029 GMT
           Subject: CN = EDHOC Root Ed25519
           Subject Public Key Info:
               Public Key Algorithm: ED25519
                   ED25519 Public-Key:
                   pub:
                       2b 7b 3e 80 57 c8 64 29 44 d0 6a fe 7a 71 d1
                       c9 bf 96 1b 62 92 ba c4 b0 4f 91 66 9b bb 71
                       3b e4
           X509v3 extensions:
               X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                   Certificate Sign
               X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                   CA:TRUE
           Signature Algorithm: ED25519
           Signature Value:
               4b b5 2b bf 15 39 b7 1a 4a af 42 97 78 f2 9e da 7e 81
               46 80 69 8f 16 c4 8f 2a 6f a4 db e8 25 41 c5 82 07 ba
               1b c9 cd b0 c2 fa 94 7f fb f0 f0 ec 0e e9 1a 7f f3 7a
               94 d9 25 1f a5 cd f1 e6 7a 0f

3.  Authentication with Static DH, CCS Identified by 'kid'

   In this example, the Initiator and the Responder are authenticated
   with ephemeral-static Diffie-Hellman (METHOD = 3).  The Initiator
   supports cipher suites 6 and 2 (in order of preference), and the
   Responder only supports cipher suite 2.  After an initial negotiation
   message exchange, cipher suite 2 is used, which determines the
   algorithms:

   *  EDHOC AEAD algorithm = AES-CCM-16-64-128

   *  EDHOC hash algorithm = SHA-256

   *  EDHOC MAC length in bytes (Static DH) = 8

   *  EDHOC key exchange algorithm (ECDH curve) = P-256

   *  EDHOC signature algorithm = ES256

   *  application AEAD algorithm = AES-CCM-16-64-128

   *  application hash algorithm = SHA-256

   The public keys are represented as raw public keys (RPKs), encoded in
   a CWT Claims Set (CCS) and identified by the COSE header parameter
   'kid'.

3.1.  message_1 (First Time)

   Both endpoints are authenticated with static DH, i.e., METHOD = 3:

   METHOD (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   03

   The Initiator selects its preferred cipher suite 6.  A single cipher
   suite is encoded as an int:

   SUITES_I (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   06

   The Initiator creates an ephemeral key pair for use with the EDHOC
   key exchange algorithm:

   Initiator's ephemeral private key
   X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   5c 41 72 ac a8 b8 2b 5a 62 e6 6f 72 22 16 f5 a1 0f 72 aa 69 f4 2c 1d
   1c d3 cc d7 bf d2 9c a4 e9

   Initiator's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b 3d 8f 65 f3 26
   20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9

   Initiator's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_X (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b 3d 8f 65
   f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9

   The Initiator selects its connection identifier C_I to be the byte
   string 0x0e, which is encoded as 0x0e since it is represented by the
   1-byte CBOR int 14:

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   0e

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   0e

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_1 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Initiator constructs message_1:

   message_1 =
   (
     3,
     6,
     h'741a13d7ba048fbb615e94386aa3b61bea5b3d8f65f32620
       b749bee8d278efa9',
     14
   )

   message_1 (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   03 06 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b 3d
   8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

3.2.  error

   The Responder does not support cipher suite 6 and sends an error with
   ERR_CODE 2 containing SUITES_R as ERR_INFO.  The Responder proposes
   cipher suite 2, a single cipher suite thus encoded as an int.

   SUITES_R
   02

   error (CBOR Sequence) (2 bytes)
   02 02

3.3.  message_1 (Second Time)

   Same steps are performed as for message_1 the first time
   (Section 3.1) but with SUITES_I updated.

   Both endpoints are authenticated with static DH, i.e., METHOD = 3:

   METHOD (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   03

   The Initiator selects cipher suite 2 and indicates the more preferred
   cipher suite(s), in this case 6, all encoded as the array [6, 2]:

   SUITES_I (CBOR Data Item) (3 bytes)
   82 06 02

   The Initiator creates an ephemeral key pair for use with the EDHOC
   key exchange algorithm:

   Initiator's ephemeral private key
   X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   36 8e c1 f6 9a eb 65 9b a3 7d 5a 8d 45 b2 1b dc 02 99 dc ea a8 ef 23
   5f 3c a4 2c e3 53 0f 95 25

   Initiator's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_X (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   8a f6 f4 30 eb e1 8d 34 18 40 17 a9 a1 1b f5 11 c8 df f8 f8 34 73 0b
   96 c1 b7 c8 db ca 2f c3 b6

   Initiator's ephemeral public key, one 'y'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   51 e8 af 6c 6e db 78 16 01 ad 1d 9c 5f a8 bf 7a a1 57 16 c7 c0 6a 5d
   03 85 03 c6 14 ff 80 c9 b3

   Initiator's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_X (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 8a f6 f4 30 eb e1 8d 34 18 40 17 a9 a1 1b f5 11 c8 df f8 f8 34
   73 0b 96 c1 b7 c8 db ca 2f c3 b6

   The Initiator selects its connection identifier C_I to be the byte
   string 0x37, which is encoded as 0x37 since it is represented by the
   1-byte CBOR int -24:

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   37

   Connection identifier chosen by the Initiator
   C_I (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   37

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_1 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Initiator constructs message_1:

   message_1 =
   (
     3,
     [6, 2],
     h'8af6f430ebe18d34184017a9a11bf511c8dff8f834730b96
       c1b7c8dbca2fc3b6',
     -24
   )

   message_1 (CBOR Sequence) (39 bytes)
   03 82 06 02 58 20 8a f6 f4 30 eb e1 8d 34 18 40 17 a9 a1 1b f5 11 c8
   df f8 f8 34 73 0b 96 c1 b7 c8 db ca 2f c3 b6 37

3.4.  message_2

   The Responder supports the selected cipher suite 2 and not the
   Initiator's more preferred cipher suite(s) 6, so SUITES_I is
   acceptable.

   The Responder creates an ephemeral key pair for use with the EDHOC
   key exchange algorithm:

   Responder's ephemeral private key
   Y (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   e2 f4 12 67 77 20 5e 85 3b 43 7d 6e ac a1 e1 f7 53 cd cc 3e 2c 69 fa
   88 4b 0a 1a 64 09 77 e4 18

   Responder's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_Y (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   41 97 01 d7 f0 0a 26 c2 dc 58 7a 36 dd 75 25 49 f3 37 63 c8 93 42 2c
   8e a0 f9 55 a1 3a 4f f5 d5

   Responder's ephemeral public key, one 'y'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   5e 4f 0d d8 a3 da 0b aa 16 b9 d3 ad 56 a0 c1 86 0a 94 0a f8 59 14 91
   5e 25 01 9b 40 24 17 e9 9d

   Responder's ephemeral public key, 'x'-coordinate
   G_Y (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 41 97 01 d7 f0 0a 26 c2 dc 58 7a 36 dd 75 25 49 f3 37 63 c8 93
   42 2c 8e a0 f9 55 a1 3a 4f f5 d5

   The Responder selects its connection identifier C_R to be the byte
   string 0x27, which is encoded as 0x27 since it is represented by the
   1-byte CBOR int -8:

   Connection identifier chosen by the Responder
   C_R (raw value) (1 byte)
   27

   Connection identifier chosen by the Responder
   C_R (CBOR Data Item) (1 byte)
   27

   The transcript hash TH_2 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_2 = H( G_Y, H(message_1) )

   H(message_1) (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   ca 02 ca bd a5 a8 90 27 49 b4 2f 71 10 50 bb 4d bd 52 15 3e 87 52 75
   94 b3 9f 50 cd f0 19 88 8c

   H(message_1) (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 ca 02 ca bd a5 a8 90 27 49 b4 2f 71 10 50 bb 4d bd 52 15 3e 87
   52 75 94 b3 9f 50 cd f0 19 88 8c

   The input to calculate TH_2 is the CBOR sequence:

   G_Y, H(message_1)

   Input to calculate TH_2 (CBOR Sequence) (68 bytes)
   58 20 41 97 01 d7 f0 0a 26 c2 dc 58 7a 36 dd 75 25 49 f3 37 63 c8 93
   42 2c 8e a0 f9 55 a1 3a 4f f5 d5 58 20 ca 02 ca bd a5 a8 90 27 49 b4
   2f 71 10 50 bb 4d bd 52 15 3e 87 52 75 94 b3 9f 50 cd f0 19 88 8c

   TH_2 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02 8f f3
   9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b

   TH_2 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02
   8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b

   PRK_2e is specified in Section 4.1.1.1 of [RFC9528].

   First, the ECDH shared secret G_XY is computed from G_X and Y or G_Y
   and X:

   G_XY (Raw Value) (ECDH shared secret) (32 bytes)
   2f 0c b7 e8 60 ba 53 8f bf 5c 8b de d0 09 f6 25 9b 4b 62 8f e1 eb 7d
   be 93 78 e5 ec f7 a8 24 ba

   Then, PRK_2e is calculated using EDHOC_Extract(), which is determined
   by the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   PRK_2e = EDHOC_Extract( salt, G_XY )
          = HMAC-SHA-256( salt, G_XY )

   where salt is TH_2:

   salt (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02 8f f3
   9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b

   PRK_2e (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   5a a0 d6 9f 3e 3d 1e 0c 47 9f 0b 8a 48 66 90 c9 80 26 30 c3 46 6b 1d
   c9 23 71 c9 82 56 31 70 b5

   Since METHOD = 3, the Responder authenticates using static DH.  The
   EDHOC key exchange algorithm is based on the same curve as for the
   ephemeral keys, which is P-256, since the selected cipher suite is 2.

   The Responder's static Diffie-Hellman P-256 key pair consists of a
   private key and a public key.

   Responder's private authentication key
   SK_R (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   72 cc 47 61 db d4 c7 8f 75 89 31 aa 58 9d 34 8d 1e f8 74 a7 e3 03 ed
   e2 f1 40 dc f3 e6 aa 4a ac

   Responder's public authentication key, 'x'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   bb c3 49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2 17 91 a1 2a fb
   cb ac 93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0

   Responder's public authentication key, 'y'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   45 19 e2 57 23 6b 2a 0c e2 02 3f 09 31 f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0
   10 8c 22 4c 51 ea bf 60 72

   Since the Responder authenticates with static DH (METHOD = 3),
   PRK_3e2m is derived from SALT_3e2m and G_RX.

   The input needed to calculate SALT_3e2m is defined in Section 4.1.2
   of [RFC9528], using EDHOC_Expand() with the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   SALT_3e2m = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_2e, 1, TH_2, hash_length )
             = HKDF-Expand( PRK_2e, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for SALT_3e2m is:

   info =
   (
     1,
     h'356efd53771425e008f3fe3a86c83ff4c6b16e57028ff39d
       5236c182b202084b',
     32
   )

   info for SALT_3e2m (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   01 58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57
   02 8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b 18 20

   SALT_3e2m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   af 4e 10 3a 47 cb 3c f3 25 70 d5 c2 5a d2 77 32 bd 8d 81 78 e9 a6 9d
   06 1c 31 a2 7f 8e 3c a9 26

   PRK_3e2m is specified in Section 4.1.1.2 of [RFC9528].

   PRK_3e2m is derived from G_RX using EDHOC_Extract() with the EDHOC
   hash algorithm:

   PRK_3e2m = EDHOC_Extract( SALT_3e2m, G_RX )
            = HMAC-SHA-256( SALT_3e2m, G_RX )

   where G_RX is the ECDH shared secret calculated from G_X and R, or
   G_R and X.

   G_RX (Raw Value) (ECDH shared secret) (32 bytes)
   f2 b6 ee a0 22 20 b9 5e ee 5a 0b c7 01 f0 74 e0 0a 84 3e a0 24 22 f6
   08 25 fb 26 9b 3e 16 14 23

   PRK_3e2m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   0c a3 d3 39 82 96 b3 c0 39 00 98 76 20 c1 1f 6f ce 70 78 1c 1d 12 19
   72 0f 9e c0 8c 12 2d 84 34

   The Responder constructs the remaining input needed to calculate
   MAC_2:

   MAC_2 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 2, context_2, mac_length_2 )

   context_2 = << C_R, ID_CRED_R, TH_2, CRED_R, ? EAD_2 >>

   CRED_R is identified by a 'kid' with byte string value 0x32:

   ID_CRED_R =
   {
     4 : h'32'
   }

   ID_CRED_R (CBOR Data Item) (4 bytes)
   a1 04 41 32

   CRED_R is an RPK encoded as a CCS:

   {                                              /CCS/
     2 : "example.edu",                           /sub/
     8 : {                                        /cnf/
       1 : {                                      /COSE_Key/
         1 : 2,                                   /kty/
         2 : h'32',                               /kid/
        -1 : 1,                                   /crv/
        -2 : h'bbc34960526ea4d32e940cad2a234148
               ddc21791a12afbcbac93622046dd44f0', /x/
        -3 : h'4519e257236b2a0ce2023f0931f1f386
               ca7afda64fcde0108c224c51eabf6072'  /y/
       }
     }
   }

   CRED_R (CBOR Data Item) (95 bytes)
   a2 02 6b 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 65 64 75 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 32
   20 01 21 58 20 bb c3 49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2
   17 91 a1 2a fb cb ac 93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0 22 58 20 45 19 e2 57 23 6b
   2a 0c e2 02 3f 09 31 f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0 10 8c 22 4c 51 ea
   bf 60 72

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_2 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   context_2 = << C_R, ID_CRED_R, TH_2, CRED_R, ? EAD_2 >>

   context_2 (CBOR Sequence) (134 bytes)
   27 a1 04 41 32 58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4
   c6 b1 6e 57 02 8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b a2 02 6b 65 78 61 6d
   70 6c 65 2e 65 64 75 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 32 20 01 21 58 20 bb c3
   49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2 17 91 a1 2a fb cb ac
   93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0 22 58 20 45 19 e2 57 23 6b 2a 0c e2 02 3f 09 31
   f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0 10 8c 22 4c 51 ea bf 60 72

   context_2 (CBOR byte string) (136 bytes)
   58 86 27 a1 04 41 32 58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8
   3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02 8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b a2 02 6b 65 78
   61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 65 64 75 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 32 20 01 21 58 20
   bb c3 49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2 17 91 a1 2a fb
   cb ac 93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0 22 58 20 45 19 e2 57 23 6b 2a 0c e2 02 3f
   09 31 f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0 10 8c 22 4c 51 ea bf 60 72

   MAC_2 is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]):

   MAC_2 = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, mac_length_2 )

   where

   info = ( 2, context_2, mac_length_2 )

   Since METHOD = 3, mac_length_2 is given by the EDHOC MAC length.

   info for MAC_2 is:

   info =
   (
     2,
     h'27a10441325820356efd53771425e008f3fe3a86c83ff4c6
       b16e57028ff39d5236c182b202084ba2026b6578616d706c
       652e65647508a101a501020241322001215820bbc3496052
       6ea4d32e940cad2a234148ddc21791a12afbcbac93622046
       dd44f02258204519e257236b2a0ce2023f0931f1f386ca7a
       fda64fcde0108c224c51eabf6072',
     8
   )

   where the last value is the EDHOC MAC length in bytes.

   info for MAC_2 (CBOR Sequence) (138 bytes)
   02 58 86 27 a1 04 41 32 58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86
   c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02 8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b a2 02 6b 65
   78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 65 64 75 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 32 20 01 21 58
   20 bb c3 49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2 17 91 a1 2a
   fb cb ac 93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0 22 58 20 45 19 e2 57 23 6b 2a 0c e2 02
   3f 09 31 f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0 10 8c 22 4c 51 ea bf 60 72 08

   MAC_2 (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54

   MAC_2 (CBOR Data Item) (9 bytes)
   48 09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54

   Since METHOD = 3, Signature_or_MAC_2 is MAC_2:

   Signature_or_MAC_2 (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54

   Signature_or_MAC_2 (CBOR Data Item) (9 bytes)
   48 09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54

   The Responder constructs PLAINTEXT_2:

   PLAINTEXT_2 =
   (
     C_R,
     ID_CRED_R / bstr / -24..23,
     Signature_or_MAC_2,
     ? EAD_2
   )

   Since ID_CRED_R contains a single 'kid' parameter, only the byte
   string value is included in the plaintext, represented as described
   in Section 3.3.2 of [RFC9528].  The CBOR map { 4 : h'32' } is thus
   replaced, not by the CBOR byte string 0x4132, but by the CBOR int
   0x32, since that is a one-byte encoding of a CBOR integer (-19).

   PLAINTEXT_2 (CBOR Sequence) (11 bytes)
   27 32 48 09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54

   The input needed to calculate KEYSTREAM_2 is defined in Section 4.1.2
   of [RFC9528], using EDHOC_Expand() with the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   KEYSTREAM_2 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_2e, 0, TH_2, plaintext_length )
               = HKDF-Expand( PRK_2e, info, plaintext_length )

   where plaintext_length is the length in bytes of PLAINTEXT_2, and
   info for KEYSTREAM_2 is:

   info =
   (
     0,
     h'356efd53771425e008f3fe3a86c83ff4c6b16e57028ff39d
       5236c182b202084b',
     11
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of PLAINTEXT_2.

   info for KEYSTREAM_2 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   00 58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57
   02 8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b 0b

   KEYSTREAM_2 (Raw Value) (11 bytes)
   bf 50 e9 e7 ba d0 bb 68 17 33 99

   The Responder calculates CIPHERTEXT_2 as XOR between PLAINTEXT_2 and
   KEYSTREAM_2:

   CIPHERTEXT_2 (Raw Value) (11 bytes)
   98 62 a1 ee f9 e0 e7 e1 88 6f cd

   The Responder constructs message_2:

   message_2 =
   (
     G_Y_CIPHERTEXT_2
   )

   where G_Y_CIPHERTEXT_2 is the bstr encoding of the concatenation of
   the raw values of G_Y and CIPHERTEXT_2.

   message_2 (CBOR Sequence) (45 bytes)
   58 2b 41 97 01 d7 f0 0a 26 c2 dc 58 7a 36 dd 75 25 49 f3 37 63 c8 93
   42 2c 8e a0 f9 55 a1 3a 4f f5 d5 98 62 a1 ee f9 e0 e7 e1 88 6f cd

3.5.  message_3

   The transcript hash TH_3 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_3 = H( TH_2, PLAINTEXT_2, CRED_R )

   Input to calculate TH_3 (CBOR Sequence) (140 bytes)
   58 20 35 6e fd 53 77 14 25 e0 08 f3 fe 3a 86 c8 3f f4 c6 b1 6e 57 02
   8f f3 9d 52 36 c1 82 b2 02 08 4b 27 32 48 09 43 30 5c 89 9f 5c 54 a2
   02 6b 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 65 64 75 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 32 20
   01 21 58 20 bb c3 49 60 52 6e a4 d3 2e 94 0c ad 2a 23 41 48 dd c2 17
   91 a1 2a fb cb ac 93 62 20 46 dd 44 f0 22 58 20 45 19 e2 57 23 6b 2a
   0c e2 02 3f 09 31 f1 f3 86 ca 7a fd a6 4f cd e0 10 8c 22 4c 51 ea bf
   60 72

   TH_3 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07 03 9d f0
   bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c

   TH_3 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07 03
   9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c

   Since METHOD = 3, the Initiator authenticates using static DH.  The
   EDHOC key exchange algorithm is based on the same curve as for the
   ephemeral keys, which is P-256, since the selected cipher suite is 2.

   The Initiator's static Diffie-Hellman P-256 key pair consists of a
   private key and a public key:

   Initiator's private authentication key
   SK_I (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   fb 13 ad eb 65 18 ce e5 f8 84 17 66 08 41 14 2e 83 0a 81 fe 33 43 80
   a9 53 40 6a 13 05 e8 70 6b

   Initiator's public authentication key, 'x'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5 0b fc 8e d6 03 99 88 95 22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66
   0a 41 29 8c b4 30 7f 7e b6

   Initiator's public authentication key, 'y'-coordinate
   (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   6e 5d e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52 a3 87 d2 57 e6 db
   3c 2a 93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8

   Since I authenticates with static DH (METHOD = 3), PRK_4e3m is
   derived from SALT_4e3m and G_IY.

   The input needed to calculate SALT_4e3m is defined in Section 4.1.2
   of [RFC9528], using EDHOC_Expand() with the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   SALT_4e3m = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 5, TH_3, hash_length )
             = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for SALT_4e3m is:

   info =
   (
     5,
     h'adaf67a78a4bcc91e018f8882762a722000b2507039df0bc
       1bbf0c161bb3155c',
     32
   )

   info for SALT_4e3m (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   05 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07
   03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c 18 20

   SALT_4e3m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   cf dd f9 51 5a 7e 46 e7 b4 db ff 31 cb d5 6c d0 4b a3 32 25 0d e9 ea
   5d e1 ca f9 f6 d1 39 14 a7

   PRK_4e3m is specified in Section 4.1.1.3 of [RFC9528].

   Since I authenticates with static DH (METHOD = 3), PRK_4e3m is
   derived from G_IY using EDHOC_Extract() with the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   PRK_4e3m = EDHOC_Extract(SALT_4e3m, G_IY)
            = HMAC-SHA-256(SALT_4e3m, G_IY)

   where G_IY is the ECDH shared secret calculated from G_I and Y, or
   G_Y and I.

   G_IY (Raw Value) (ECDH shared secret) (32 bytes)
   08 0f 42 50 85 bc 62 49 08 9e ac 8f 10 8e a6 23 26 85 7e 12 ab 07 d7
   20 28 ca 1b 5f 36 e0 04 b3

   PRK_4e3m (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   81 cc 8a 29 8e 35 70 44 e3 c4 66 bb 5c 0a 1e 50 7e 01 d4 92 38 ae ba
   13 8d f9 46 35 40 7c 0f f7

   The Initiator constructs the remaining input needed to calculate
   MAC_3:

   MAC_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 6, context_3, mac_length_3 )

   context_3 = << ID_CRED_I, TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>

   CRED_I is identified by a 'kid' with byte string value 0x2b:

   ID_CRED_I =
   {
     4 : h'2b'
   }

   ID_CRED_I (CBOR Data Item) (4 bytes)
   a1 04 41 2b

   CRED_I is an RPK encoded as a CCS:

   {                                              /CCS/
     2 : "42-50-31-FF-EF-37-32-39",               /sub/
     8 : {                                        /cnf/
       1 : {                                      /COSE_Key/
         1 : 2,                                   /kty/
         2 : h'2b',                               /kid/
        -1 : 1,                                   /crv/
        -2 : h'ac75e9ece3e50bfc8ed6039988952240
               5c47bf16df96660a41298cb4307f7eb6'  /x/
        -3 : h'6e5de611388a4b8a8211334ac7d37ecb
               52a387d257e6db3c2a93df21ff3affc8'  /y/
       }
     }
   }

   CRED_I (CBOR Data Item) (107 bytes)
   a2 02 77 34 32 2d 35 30 2d 33 31 2d 46 46 2d 45 46 2d 33 37 2d 33 32
   2d 33 39 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 2b 20 01 21 58 20 ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5
   0b fc 8e d6 03 99 88 95 22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66 0a 41 29 8c b4 30
   7f 7e b6 22 58 20 6e 5d e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52
   a3 87 d2 57 e6 db 3c 2a 93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_3 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   context_3 = << ID_CRED_I, TH_3, CRED_I, ? EAD_3 >>

   context_3 (CBOR Sequence) (145 bytes)
   a1 04 41 2b 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00
   0b 25 07 03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c a2 02 77 34 32 2d 35 30
   2d 33 31 2d 46 46 2d 45 46 2d 33 37 2d 33 32 2d 33 39 08 a1 01 a5 01
   02 02 41 2b 20 01 21 58 20 ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5 0b fc 8e d6 03 99 88 95
   22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66 0a 41 29 8c b4 30 7f 7e b6 22 58 20 6e 5d
   e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52 a3 87 d2 57 e6 db 3c 2a
   93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8

   context_3 (CBOR byte string) (147 bytes)
   58 91 a1 04 41 2b 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7
   22 00 0b 25 07 03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c a2 02 77 34 32 2d
   35 30 2d 33 31 2d 46 46 2d 45 46 2d 33 37 2d 33 32 2d 33 39 08 a1 01
   a5 01 02 02 41 2b 20 01 21 58 20 ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5 0b fc 8e d6 03 99
   88 95 22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66 0a 41 29 8c b4 30 7f 7e b6 22 58 20
   6e 5d e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52 a3 87 d2 57 e6 db
   3c 2a 93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8

   MAC_3 is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]):

   MAC_3 = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, mac_length_3 )

   where

   info = ( 6, context_3, mac_length_3 )

   Since METHOD = 3, mac_length_3 is given by the EDHOC MAC length.

   info for MAC_3 is:

   info =
   (
     6,
     h'a104412b5820adaf67a78a4bcc91e018f8882762a722000b
       2507039df0bc1bbf0c161bb3155ca2027734322d35302d33
       312d46462d45462d33372d33322d333908a101a501020241
       2b2001215820ac75e9ece3e50bfc8ed60399889522405c47
       bf16df96660a41298cb4307f7eb62258206e5de611388a4b
       8a8211334ac7d37ecb52a387d257e6db3c2a93df21ff3aff
       c8',
     8
   )

   where the last value is the EDHOC MAC length in bytes.

   info for MAC_3 (CBOR Sequence) (149 bytes)
   06 58 91 a1 04 41 2b 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62
   a7 22 00 0b 25 07 03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c a2 02 77 34 32
   2d 35 30 2d 33 31 2d 46 46 2d 45 46 2d 33 37 2d 33 32 2d 33 39 08 a1
   01 a5 01 02 02 41 2b 20 01 21 58 20 ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5 0b fc 8e d6 03
   99 88 95 22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66 0a 41 29 8c b4 30 7f 7e b6 22 58
   20 6e 5d e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52 a3 87 d2 57 e6
   db 3c 2a 93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8 08

   MAC_3 (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f

   MAC_3 (CBOR Data Item) (9 bytes)
   48 62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f

   Since METHOD = 3, Signature_or_MAC_3 is MAC_3:

   Signature_or_MAC_3 (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f

   Signature_or_MAC_3 (CBOR Data Item) (9 bytes)
   48 62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f

   The Initiator constructs PLAINTEXT_3:

   PLAINTEXT_3 =
   (
     ID_CRED_I / bstr / -24..23,
     Signature_or_MAC_3,
     ? EAD_3
   )

   Since ID_CRED_I contains a single 'kid' parameter, only the byte
   string value is included in the plaintext, represented as described
   in Section 3.3.2 of [RFC9528].  The CBOR map { 4 : h'2b' } is thus
   replaced, not by the CBOR byte string 0x412b, but by the CBOR int
   0x2b, since that is a one-byte encoding of a CBOR integer (-12).

   PLAINTEXT_3 (CBOR Sequence) (10 bytes)
   2b 48 62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f

   The Initiator constructs the associated data for message_3:

   A_3 =
   [
     "Encrypt0",
     h'',
     h'adaf67a78a4bcc91e018f8882762a722000b2507039df0bc
       1bbf0c161bb3155c'
   ]

   A_3 (CBOR Data Item) (45 bytes)
   83 68 45 6e 63 72 79 70 74 30 40 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18
   f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07 03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c

   The Initiator constructs the input needed to derive the key K_3 (see
   Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   K_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 3, TH_3, key_length )
       = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, key_length )

   where key_length is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for K_3 is:

   info =
   (
     3,
     h'adaf67a78a4bcc91e018f8882762a722000b2507039df0bc
       1bbf0c161bb3155c',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for K_3 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   03 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07
   03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c 10

   K_3 (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   8e 7a 30 04 20 00 f7 90 0e 81 74 13 1f 75 f3 ed

   The Initiator constructs the input needed to derive the nonce IV_3
   (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash algorithm:

   IV_3 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_3e2m, 4, TH_3, iv_length )
        = HKDF-Expand( PRK_3e2m, info, iv_length )

   where iv_length is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for IV_3 is:

   info =
   (
     4,
     h'adaf67a78a4bcc91e018f8882762a722000b2507039df0bc
       1bbf0c161bb3155c',
     13
   )

   where the last value is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for IV_3 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   04 58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07
   03 9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c 0d

   IV_3 (Raw Value) (13 bytes)
   6d 83 00 c1 e2 3b 56 15 3a e7 0e e4 57

   The Initiator calculates CIPHERTEXT_3 as 'ciphertext' of
   COSE_Encrypt0 applied using the EDHOC AEAD algorithm with plaintext
   PLAINTEXT_3, additional data A_3, key K_3, and nonce IV_3.

   CIPHERTEXT_3 (Raw Value) (18 bytes)
   e5 62 09 7b c4 17 dd 59 19 48 5a c7 89 1f fd 90 a9 fc

   message_3 is the CBOR bstr encoding of CIPHERTEXT_3:

   message_3 (CBOR Sequence) (19 bytes)
   52 e5 62 09 7b c4 17 dd 59 19 48 5a c7 89 1f fd 90 a9 fc

   The transcript hash TH_4 is calculated using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   TH_4 = H( TH_3, PLAINTEXT_3, CRED_I )

   Input to calculate TH_4 (CBOR Sequence) (151 bytes)
   58 20 ad af 67 a7 8a 4b cc 91 e0 18 f8 88 27 62 a7 22 00 0b 25 07 03
   9d f0 bc 1b bf 0c 16 1b b3 15 5c 2b 48 62 3c 91 df 41 e3 4c 2f a2 02
   77 34 32 2d 35 30 2d 33 31 2d 46 46 2d 45 46 2d 33 37 2d 33 32 2d 33
   39 08 a1 01 a5 01 02 02 41 2b 20 01 21 58 20 ac 75 e9 ec e3 e5 0b fc
   8e d6 03 99 88 95 22 40 5c 47 bf 16 df 96 66 0a 41 29 8c b4 30 7f 7e
   b6 22 58 20 6e 5d e6 11 38 8a 4b 8a 82 11 33 4a c7 d3 7e cb 52 a3 87
   d2 57 e6 db 3c 2a 93 df 21 ff 3a ff c8

   TH_4 (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55 1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06 76 56 12
   e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e

   TH_4 (CBOR Data Item) (34 bytes)
   58 20 c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55 1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06 76
   56 12 e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e

3.6.  message_4

   No external authorization data:

   EAD_4 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Responder constructs PLAINTEXT_4:

   PLAINTEXT_4 =
   (
     ? EAD_4
   )

   PLAINTEXT_4 (CBOR Sequence) (0 bytes)

   The Responder constructs the associated data for message_4:

   A_4 =
   [
     "Encrypt0",
     h'',
     h'c902b1e3a4326c93c5551f5f3aa6c5ecc0246806765612e5
       2b5d99e6059d6b6e'
   ]

   A_4 (CBOR Data Item) (45 bytes)
   83 68 45 6e 63 72 79 70 74 30 40 58 20 c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55
   1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06 76 56 12 e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e

   The Responder constructs the input needed to derive the EDHOC
   message_4 key (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   K_4 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 8, TH_4, key_length )
       = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, key_length )

   where key_length is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for K_4 is:

   info =
   (
     8,
     h'c902b1e3a4326c93c5551f5f3aa6c5ecc0246806765612e5
       2b5d99e6059d6b6e',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for K_4 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   08 58 20 c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55 1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06
   76 56 12 e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e 10

   K_4 (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   d3 c7 78 72 b6 ee b5 08 91 1b db d3 08 b2 e6 a0

   The Responder constructs the input needed to derive the EDHOC
   message_4 nonce (see Section 4.1.2 of [RFC9528]) using the EDHOC hash
   algorithm:

   IV_4 = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 9, TH_4, iv_length )
        = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, iv_length )

   where iv_length is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm, and info for IV_4 is:

   info =
   (
     9,
     h'c902b1e3a4326c93c5551f5f3aa6c5ecc0246806765612e5
       2b5d99e6059d6b6e',
     13
   )

   where the last value is the nonce length in bytes for the EDHOC AEAD
   algorithm.

   info for IV_4 (CBOR Sequence) (36 bytes)
   09 58 20 c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55 1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06
   76 56 12 e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e 0d

   IV_4 (Raw Value) (13 bytes)
   04 ff 0f 44 45 6e 96 e2 17 85 3c 36 01

   The Responder calculates CIPHERTEXT_4 as 'ciphertext' of
   COSE_Encrypt0 applied using the EDHOC AEAD algorithm with plaintext
   PLAINTEXT_4, additional data A_4, key K_4, and nonce IV_4.

   CIPHERTEXT_4 (8 bytes)
   28 c9 66 b7 ca 30 4f 83

   message_4 is the CBOR bstr encoding of CIPHERTEXT_4:

   message_4 (CBOR Sequence) (9 bytes)
   48 28 c9 66 b7 ca 30 4f 83

3.7.  PRK_out and PRK_exporter

   PRK_out is specified in Section 4.1.3 of [RFC9528].

   PRK_out = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_4e3m, 7, TH_4, hash_length )
           = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4e3m, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for PRK_out is:

   info =
   (
     7,
     h'c902b1e3a4326c93c5551f5f3aa6c5ecc0246806765612e5
       2b5d99e6059d6b6e',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the output of the
   EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for PRK_out (CBOR Sequence) (37 bytes)
   07 58 20 c9 02 b1 e3 a4 32 6c 93 c5 55 1f 5f 3a a6 c5 ec c0 24 68 06
   76 56 12 e5 2b 5d 99 e6 05 9d 6b 6e 18 20

   PRK_out (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   2c 71 af c1 a9 33 8a 94 0b b3 52 9c a7 34 b8 86 f3 0d 1a ba 0b 4d c5
   1b ee ae ab df ea 9e cb f8

   The OSCORE Master Secret and OSCORE Master Salt are derived with the
   EDHOC_Exporter as specified in Section 4.2.1 of [RFC9528].

   EDHOC_Exporter( exporter_label, context, length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, exporter_label, context, length )

   where PRK_exporter is derived from PRK_out:

   PRK_exporter = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 10, h'', hash_length )
                = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash algorithm, and info for the PRK_exporter is:

   info =
   (
     10,
     h'',
     32
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the output of the
   EDHOC hash algorithm.

   info for PRK_exporter (CBOR Sequence) (4 bytes)
   0a 40 18 20

   PRK_exporter (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   e1 4d 06 69 9c ee 24 8c 5a 04 bf 92 27 bb cd 4c e3 94 de 7d cb 56 db
   43 55 54 74 17 1e 64 46 db

3.8.  OSCORE Parameters

   The derivation of OSCORE parameters is specified in Appendix A.1 of
   [RFC9528].

   The AEAD and hash algorithms to use in OSCORE are given by the
   selected cipher suite:

   Application AEAD Algorithm (int)
   10

   Application Hash Algorithm (int)
   -16

   The mapping from EDHOC connection identifiers to OSCORE Sender/
   Recipient IDs is defined in Section 3.3.3 of [RFC9528].

   C_R is mapped to the Recipient ID of the server, i.e., the Sender ID
   of the client.  The byte string 0x27, which as C_R is encoded as the
   CBOR integer 0x27, is converted to the server Recipient ID 0x27.

   Client's OSCORE Sender ID (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   27

   C_I is mapped to the Recipient ID of the client, i.e., the Sender ID
   of the server.  The byte string 0x37, which as C_I is encoded as the
   CBOR integer 0x0e, is converted to the client Recipient ID 0x37.

   Server's OSCORE Sender ID (Raw Value) (1 byte)
   37

   The OSCORE Master Secret is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the
   application hash algorithm (see Appendix A.1 of [RFC9528]):

   OSCORE Master Secret = EDHOC_Exporter( 0, h'', oscore_key_length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, 0, h'', oscore_key_length )
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_key_length )

   where oscore_key_length is by default the key length in bytes for the
   application AEAD algorithm, and info for the OSCORE Master Secret is:

   info =
   (
     0,
     h'',
     16
   )

   where the last value is the key length in bytes for the application
   AEAD algorithm.

   info for OSCORE Master Secret (CBOR Sequence) (3 bytes)
   00 40 10

   OSCORE Master Secret (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   f9 86 8f 6a 3a ca 78 a0 5d 14 85 b3 50 30 b1 62

   The OSCORE Master Salt is computed through EDHOC_Expand() using the
   application hash algorithm (see Section 4.2 of [RFC9528]):

   OSCORE Master Salt = EDHOC_Exporter( 1, h'', oscore_salt_length )
   = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_exporter, 1, h'', oscore_salt_length )
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_4x3m, info, oscore_salt_length )

   where oscore_salt_length is the length in bytes of the OSCORE Master
   Salt, and info for the OSCORE Master Salt is:

   info =
   (
     1,
     h'',
     8
   )

   where the last value is the length in bytes of the OSCORE Master
   Salt.

   info for OSCORE Master Salt (CBOR Sequence) (3 bytes)
   01 40 08

   OSCORE Master Salt (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   ad a2 4c 7d bf c8 5e eb

3.9.  Key Update

   The key update is defined in Appendix H of [RFC9528].

   EDHOC_KeyUpdate( context ):
   PRK_out = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 11, context, hash_length )
           = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where hash_length is the length in bytes of the output of the EDHOC
   hash function, and the context for KeyUpdate is:

   context for KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea

   context for KeyUpdate (CBOR Data Item) (17 bytes)
   50 a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea

   and where info for the key update is:

   info =
   (
     11,
     h'a01158fdb820890cd6be169602b8bcea',
     32
   )

   info for KeyUpdate (CBOR Sequence) (20 bytes)
   0b 50 a0 11 58 fd b8 20 89 0c d6 be 16 96 02 b8 bc ea 18 20

   PRK_out after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   f9 79 53 77 43 fe 0b d6 b9 b1 41 dd bd 79 65 6c 52 e6 dc 7c 50 ad 80
   77 54 d7 4d 07 e8 7d 0d 16

   After the key update, the PRK_exporter needs to be derived anew:

   PRK_exporter = EDHOC_KDF( PRK_out, 10, h'', hash_length )
                = HKDF-Expand( PRK_out, info, hash_length )

   where info and hash_length are unchanged as in Section 3.7.

   PRK_exporter after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (32 bytes)
   00 fc f7 db 9b 2e ad 73 82 4e 7e 83 03 63 c8 05 c2 96 f9 02 83 0f ac
   23 d8 6c 35 9c 75 2f 0f 17

   The OSCORE Master Secret is derived with the updated PRK_exporter:

   OSCORE Master Secret
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_key_length )

   where info and oscore_key_length are unchanged as in Section 3.8.

   OSCORE Master Secret after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (16 bytes)
   49 f7 2f ac 02 b4 65 8b da 21 e2 da c6 6f c3 74

   The OSCORE Master Salt is derived with the updated PRK_exporter:

   OSCORE Master Salt
   = HKDF-Expand( PRK_exporter, info, oscore_salt_length )

   where info and oscore_salt_length are unchanged as in Section 3.8.

   OSCORE Master Salt after KeyUpdate (Raw Value) (8 bytes)
   dd 8b 24 f2 aa 9b 01 1a

4.  Invalid Traces

   This section contains examples of invalid messages, which a compliant
   implementation will not compose and must or may reject according to
   [RFC9528], [RFC8949], [RFC9053], and [SP-800-56A].  This is just a
   small set of examples of different reasons for which a message might
   be invalid.  The same types of invalidities apply to other fields and
   messages as well.  Implementations should make sure to check for
   similar types of invalidities in all EDHOC fields and messages.

4.1.  Encoding Errors

4.1.1.  Surplus Array Encoding of a Message

   message_1 is incorrectly encoded as a CBOR array.  The correct
   encoding is a CBOR sequence according to Section 5.2.1 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (38 bytes)
   84 03 02 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b
   3d 8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

4.1.2.  Surplus bstr Encoding of the Connection Identifier

   The connection identifier C_I = 0x0e is incorrectly encoded as the
   CBOR byte string 41 0e.  The correct encoding is the integer 0e
   according to Section 3.3.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (38 bytes)
   03 02 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b 3d
   8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 41 0e

4.1.3.  Surplus Array Encoding of the Ciphersuite

   The element SUITES_I = 2 is incorrectly encoded as the CBOR array 81
   02.  The correct encoding is the integer 02 according to
   Section 5.2.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (38 bytes)
   03 81 02 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea 5b
   3d 8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

4.1.4.  Text String Encoding of the Ephemeral Key

   The third element of message_1 (G_X) is incorrectly encoded as a text
   string.  The correct encoding is a byte string according to
   Section 5.2.1 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (37 bytes)
   03 02 78 20 20 61 69 72 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 6F 66 20 61 20 75 6E 6C
   61 64 65 6E 20 73 77 61 6C 6C 6F 77 20 0e

4.1.5.  Wrong Number of CBOR Sequence Elements

   The CBOR sequence in message_2 has an incorrect number of elements.
   The correct number of elements in the CBOR sequence is 1 according to
   Section 5.3.1 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_2 (46 bytes)
   58 20 41 97 01 d7 f0 0a 26 c2 dc 58 7a 36 dd 75 25 49 f3 37 63 c8 93
   42 2c 8e a0 f9 55 a1 3a 4f f5 d5 4B 98 62 a1 1d e4 2a 95 d7 85 38 6a

4.1.6.  Surplus Map Encoding of the ID_CRED Field

   The element ID_CRED_R in PLAINTEXT_2 is incorrectly encoded as the
   map a1 04 42 32 10.  The correct encoding is 42 32 10 according to
   Section 3.5.3.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid PLAINTEXT_2 (15 bytes)
   27 a1 04 42 32 10 48 fa 5e fa 2e bf 92 0b f3

4.1.7.  Surplus bstr Encoding of the ID_CRED Field

   The element ID_CRED_R in PLAINTEXT_2 is incorrectly encoded as the
   byte string 41 32.  The correct encoding is 32 according to
   Section 3.5.3.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid PLAINTEXT_2 (12 bytes)
   27 41 32 48 fa 5e fa 2e bf 92 0b f3

4.2.  Cryptography-Related Errors

4.2.1.  Error in the Length of the Ephemeral Key

   The third element (G_X) has an invalid length.  The selected cipher
   suite is cipher suite 24 with curve P-384 according to Sections 5.2.2
   and 10.2 of [RFC9528].  The correct length of the x-coordinate is 48
   bytes according to Section 3.7 of [RFC9528] and Section 7.1.1 of
   [RFC9053].

   Invalid message_1 (40 bytes)
   03 82 02 18 18 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b
   ea 5b 3d 8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

4.2.2.  Error in Elliptic Curve Representation

   The x-coordinate in G_X is invalid as x ≥ p.  It is required that x <
   p according to Section 5.6.2.3 of [SP-800-56A], which is referenced
   in Section 9.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (37 bytes)
   03 02 58 20 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
   00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0e

4.2.3.  Error in the Elliptic Curve Point

   The x-coordinate in G_X is invalid as it does not correspond to a
   point on the P-256 curve.  It is required that y^2 ≡ x^3 + a ⋅ x + b
   (mod p) according to Section 5.6.2.3 of [SP-800-56A], which is
   referenced in Section 9.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (37 bytes)
   03 02 58 20 a0 4e 73 60 1d f5 44 a7 0b a7 ea 1e 57 03 0f 7d 4b 4e b7
   f6 73 92 4e 58 d5 4c a7 7a 5e 7d 4d 4a 0e

4.2.4.  Curve Point of the Low Order

   The Curve25519 point is invalid as it is of low order and fails the
   check for all-zero output according to Section 9.2 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (37 bytes)
   03 00 58 20 ed ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
   ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 7f 0e

4.2.5.  Error in the Length of the MAC

   The third element (Signature_or_MAC_2) has an invalid length.  The
   length of Signature_or_MAC_2 is given by the cipher suite, and the
   MAC length is at least 8 bytes according to Section 9.3 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid PLAINTEXT_2 (7 bytes)
   27 32 44 fa 5e fa 2e

4.2.6.  Error in the Elliptic Curve Encoding

   The third element (G_X) is incorrectly encoded.  The correct encoding
   is with leading-zero octets according to Section 7.1.1 of [RFC9053],
   which is referenced in Section 3.7 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (36 bytes)
   03 02 58 1f d9 69 77 25 d2 3a 68 8b 12 d1 c7 e0 10 8a 08 c9 f7 1a 85
   a0 9c 20 81 49 76 ab 21 12 22 48 fc 0e

4.3.  Non-deterministic CBOR

4.3.1.  Unnecessary Long Encoding

   The element METHOD = 3 is incorrectly encoded as a 16-bit integer.
   The deterministic encoding 03 is correct according to Section 3.1 of
   [RFC9528] and Section 4.2.1 of [RFC8949], which states that the
   arguments for integers, lengths in major types 2 through 5, and tags
   are required to be as short as possible.

   Invalid message_1 (39 bytes)
   19 00 03 02 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b ea
   5b 3d 8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

4.3.2.  Indefinite-Length Array Encoding

   The element SUITES_I = [6, 2] is incorrectly encoded as an
   indefinite-length array.  The correct encoding is the definite-length
   array 82 06 02 according to Section 4.2.1 of [RFC8949], which is
   referenced in Section 3.1 of [RFC9528].

   Invalid message_1 (40 bytes)
   03 9F 06 02 FF 58 20 74 1a 13 d7 ba 04 8f bb 61 5e 94 38 6a a3 b6 1b
   ea 5b 3d 8f 65 f3 26 20 b7 49 be e8 d2 78 ef a9 0e

5.  Security Considerations

   This document contains examples of EDHOC [RFC9528].  The security
   considerations described in [RFC9528] apply.  The keys printed in
   these examples cannot be considered secret and MUST NOT be used.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC9528]  Selander, G., Preuß Mattsson, J., and F. Palombini,
              "Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC)", RFC 9528,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9528, March 2024,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9528>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [CborMe]   Bormann, C., "CBOR playground", <https://cbor.me/>.

   [RFC7748]  Langley, A., Hamburg, M., and S. Turner, "Elliptic Curves
              for Security", RFC 7748, DOI 10.17487/RFC7748, January
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7748>.

   [RFC8032]  Josefsson, S. and I. Liusvaara, "Edwards-Curve Digital
              Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)", RFC 8032,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8032, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8032>.

   [RFC8392]  Jones, M., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and H. Tschofenig,
              "CBOR Web Token (CWT)", RFC 8392, DOI 10.17487/RFC8392,
              May 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8392>.

   [RFC8949]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8949>.

   [RFC9053]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Initial Algorithms", RFC 9053, DOI 10.17487/RFC9053,
              August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9053>.

   [SP-800-186]
              Chen, L., Moody, D., Randall, K., Regenscheid, A., and A.
              Robinson, "Recommendations for Discrete Logarithm-based
              Cryptography: Elliptic Curve Domain Parameters",
              NIST Special Publication 800-186,
              DOI 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-186, February 2023,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-186>.

   [SP-800-56A]
              Barker, E., Chen, L., Roginsky, A., Vassilev, A., and R.
              Davis, "Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key-Establishment
              Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography",
              NIST Special Publication 800-56A Revision 3,
              DOI 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-56Ar3, April 2018,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-56Ar3>.

Acknowledgments

   The authors want to thank all people verifying EDHOC test vectors
   and/or contributing to the interoperability testing, including:
   Christian Amsüss, Timothy Claeys, Rikard Höglund, Stefan Hristozov,
   Christos Koulamas, Francesca Palombini, Lidia Pocero, Peter van der
   Stok, and Michel Veillette.

Authors' Addresses

   Göran Selander
   Ericsson
   Sweden
   Email: goran.selander@ericsson.com


   John Preuß Mattsson
   Ericsson
   Sweden
   Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com


   Marek Serafin
   ASSA ABLOY
   Poland
   Email: marek.serafin@assaabloy.com


   Marco Tiloca
   RISE AB
   Isafjordsgatan 22
   SE-164 40 Kista
   Sweden
   Email: marco.tiloca@ri.se


   Mališa Vučinić
   Inria
   France
   Email: malisa.vucinic@inria.fr