path: root/doc/rfc/rfc9644.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                         K. Watsen
Request for Comments: 9644                               Watsen Networks
Category: Standards Track                                   October 2024
ISSN: 2070-1721


             YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers

Abstract

   This document presents three IETF-defined YANG modules and a script
   used to create four supporting IANA modules.

   The three IETF modules are ietf-ssh-common, ietf-ssh-client, and
   ietf-ssh-server.  The "ietf-ssh-client" and "ietf-ssh-server" modules
   are the primary productions of this work, supporting the
   configuration and monitoring of Secure Shell (SSH) clients and
   servers.

   The four IANA modules are iana-ssh-encryption-algs, iana-ssh-key-
   exchange-algs, iana-ssh-mac-algs, and iana-ssh-public-key-algs.
   These modules each define YANG enumerations providing support for an
   IANA-maintained algorithm registry.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9644.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the
   Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described
   in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
     1.1.  Regarding the Three IETF Modules
     1.2.  Relation to Other RFCs
     1.3.  Specification Language
     1.4.  Adherence to the NMDA
     1.5.  Conventions
   2.  The "ietf-ssh-common" Module
     2.1.  Data Model Overview
     2.2.  Example Usage
     2.3.  YANG Module
   3.  The "ietf-ssh-client" Module
     3.1.  Data Model Overview
     3.2.  Example Usage
     3.3.  YANG Module
   4.  The "ietf-ssh-server" Module
     4.1.  Data Model Overview
     4.2.  Example Usage
     4.3.  YANG Module
   5.  Security Considerations
     5.1.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" Module
     5.2.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" Module
     5.3.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" Module
     5.4.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" Module
     5.5.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-common" YANG Module
     5.6.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-client" YANG Module
     5.7.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-server" YANG Module
   6.  IANA Considerations
     6.1.  The IETF XML Registry
     6.2.  The YANG Module Names Registry
     6.3.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" Module
     6.4.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" Module
     6.5.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" Module
     6.6.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" Module
   7.  References
     7.1.  Normative References
     7.2.  Informative References
   Appendix A.  Script to Generate IANA-Maintained YANG Modules
   Acknowledgements
   Contributors
   Author's Address

1.  Introduction

   This document presents three IETF-defined YANG modules [RFC7950] and
   a script used to create four supporting IANA modules.

   The three IETF modules are ietf-ssh-common (Section 2), ietf-ssh-
   client (Section 3), and ietf-ssh-server (Section 4).  The "ietf-ssh-
   client" and "ietf-ssh-server" modules are the primary productions of
   this work, supporting the configuration and monitoring of SSH clients
   and servers.

   The groupings defined in this document are expected to be used in
   conjunction with the groupings defined in an underlying transport-
   level module, such as the groupings defined in [RFC9643].  The
   transport-level data model enables the configuration of transport-
   level values, such as a remote address, a remote port, a local
   address, and a local port.

   The four IANA modules are: iana-ssh-encryption-algs, iana-ssh-key-
   exchange-algs, iana-ssh-mac-algs, and iana-ssh-public-key-algs.
   These modules each define YANG enumerations providing support for an
   IANA-maintained algorithm registry.

   This document assumes that the four IANA modules exist and presents a
   script in Appendix A that IANA may use to generate those YANG
   modules.  This document does not publish the initial versions of
   these four modules.  IANA publishes these modules.

1.1.  Regarding the Three IETF Modules

   The three IETF modules define features and groupings to model
   "generic" SSH clients and SSH servers, where "generic" should be
   interpreted as "least common denominator" rather than "complete."
   Support for the basic SSH protocol [RFC4252] [RFC4253] [RFC4254] is
   afforded by these modules, leaving configuration of advanced features
   (e.g., multiple channels) to augmentations made by consuming modules.

   It is intended that the YANG groupings will be used by applications
   needing to configure SSH client and server protocol stacks.  For
   instance, these groupings are used to help define the data models in
   [NETCONF-CLIENT-SERVER], for clients and servers using the Network
   Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) over SSH [RFC6242].

   The "ietf-ssh-client" and "ietf-ssh-server" YANG modules each define
   one grouping, which is focused on just SSH-specific configuration,
   and specifically avoid any transport-level configuration, such as
   what ports to listen on or connect to.  This affords applications the
   opportunity to define their own strategy for how the underlying TCP
   connection is established.  For instance, applications supporting
   NETCONF Call Home [RFC8071] could use the "ssh-server-grouping"
   grouping for the SSH parts it provides while adding data nodes for
   the TCP-level call-home configuration.

   The modules defined in this document optionally support [RFC6187],
   which describes enabling host keys and public keys based on X.509v3
   certificates.

1.2.  Relation to Other RFCs

   This document presents three YANG modules [RFC7950] that are part of
   a collection of RFCs that work together to ultimately support the
   configuration of both the clients and servers of both the NETCONF
   [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040] protocols.

   The dependency relationship between the primary YANG groupings
   defined in the various RFCs is presented in the below diagram.  In
   some cases, a document may define secondary groupings that introduce
   dependencies not illustrated in the diagram.  The labels in the
   diagram are shorthand names for the defining RFCs.  The citation
   references for shorthand names are provided below the diagram.

   Please note that the arrows in the diagram point from referencer to
   referenced.  For example, the "crypto-types" RFC does not have any
   dependencies, whilst the "keystore" RFC depends on the "crypto-types"
   RFC.

                                  crypto-types
                                    ^      ^
                                   /        \
                                  /          \
                         truststore         keystore
                          ^     ^             ^  ^
                          |     +---------+   |  |
                          |               |   |  |
                          |      +------------+  |
   tcp-client-server      |     /         |      |
      ^    ^        ssh-client-server     |      |
      |    |           ^            tls-client-server
      |    |           |              ^     ^        http-client-server
      |    |           |              |     |                 ^
      |    |           |        +-----+     +---------+       |
      |    |           |        |                     |       |
      |    +-----------|--------|--------------+      |       |
      |                |        |              |      |       |
      +-----------+    |        |              |      |       |
                  |    |        |              |      |       |
                  |    |        |              |      |       |
               netconf-client-server       restconf-client-server

           +========================+==========================+
           | Label in Diagram       | Reference                |
           +========================+==========================+
           | crypto-types           | [RFC9640]                |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | truststore             | [RFC9641]                |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | keystore               | [RFC9642]                |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | tcp-client-server      | [RFC9643]                |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | ssh-client-server      | RFC9644                  |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | tls-client-server      | [RFC9645]                |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | http-client-server     | [HTTP-CLIENT-SERVER]     |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | netconf-client-server  | [NETCONF-CLIENT-SERVER]  |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+
           | restconf-client-server | [RESTCONF-CLIENT-SERVER] |
           +------------------------+--------------------------+

                  Table 1: Label in Diagram to RFC Mapping

1.3.  Specification Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

1.4.  Adherence to the NMDA

   This document is compliant with the Network Management Datastore
   Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342].  For instance, as described in
   [RFC9641] and [RFC9642], trust anchors and keys installed during
   manufacturing are expected to appear in <operational> (Section 5.3 of
   [RFC8342]) and <system> [SYSTEM-CONFIG] if implemented.

1.5.  Conventions

   Various examples in this document use "BASE64VALUE=" as a placeholder
   value for binary data that has been base64 encoded (per Section 9.8
   of [RFC7950]).  This placeholder value is used because real
   base64-encoded structures are often many lines long and hence
   distracting to the example being presented.

   Various examples in this document use the XML [W3C.REC-xml-20081126]
   encoding.  Other encodings, such as JSON [RFC8259], could
   alternatively be used.

   Various examples in this document contain long lines that may be
   folded, as described in [RFC8792].

2.  The "ietf-ssh-common" Module

   The SSH common model presented in this section is common to both SSH
   clients and SSH servers.  The "transport-params-grouping" grouping
   can be used to configure the list of SSH transport algorithms
   permitted by the SSH client or SSH server.  The lists of permitted
   algorithms are in decreasing order of usage preference.  The
   algorithm that appears first in the client list that also appears in
   the server list is the one that is used for the SSH transport layer
   connection.  The ability to restrict the algorithms allowed is
   provided in this grouping for SSH clients and SSH servers that are
   capable of doing so and may serve to make SSH clients and SSH servers
   compliant with security policies.

2.1.  Data Model Overview

   This section provides an overview of the "ietf-ssh-common" module in
   terms of its features, identities, groupings, and protocol-accessible
   nodes.

2.1.1.  Features

   The following diagram lists all the "feature" statements defined in
   the "ietf-ssh-common" module:

   Features:
     +-- ssh-x509-certs
     +-- transport-params
     +-- asymmetric-key-pair-generation
     +-- algorithm-discovery

   The diagram above uses syntax that is similar to but not defined in
   [RFC8340].

   Please refer to the YANG module for a description of each feature.

2.1.2.  Groupings

   The "ietf-ssh-common" module defines the following "grouping"
   statement:

   *  transport-params-grouping

   This grouping is presented in the following subsection.

2.1.2.1.  The "transport-params-grouping" Grouping

   The following tree diagram [RFC8340] illustrates the "transport-
   params-grouping" grouping:

     grouping transport-params-grouping:
       +-- host-key
       |  +-- host-key-alg*   ssh-public-key-algorithm
       +-- key-exchange
       |  +-- key-exchange-alg*   ssh-key-exchange-algorithm
       +-- encryption
       |  +-- encryption-alg*   ssh-encryption-algorithm
       +-- mac
          +-- mac-alg*   ssh-mac-algorithm

   Comments:

   *  This grouping is used by both the "ssh-client-grouping" and the
      "ssh-server-grouping" groupings defined in Sections 3.1.2.1 and
      4.1.2.1, respectively.

   *  This grouping enables client and server configurations to specify
      the algorithms that are to be used when establishing SSH sessions.

   *  Each list is "ordered-by user".

2.1.3.  Protocol-Accessible Nodes

   The following tree diagram [RFC8340] lists all the protocol-
   accessible nodes defined in the "ietf-ssh-common" module without
   expanding the "grouping" statements:

   module: ietf-ssh-common
     +--ro supported-algorithms {algorithm-discovery}?
        +--ro public-key-algorithms
        |  +--ro supported-algorithm*   ssh-public-key-algorithm
        +--ro encryption-algorithms
        |  +--ro supported-algorithm*   ssh-encryption-algorithm
        +--ro key-exchange-algorithms
        |  +--ro supported-algorithm*   ssh-key-exchange-algorithm
        +--ro mac-algorithms
           +--ro supported-algorithm*   ssh-mac-algorithm

     rpcs:
       +---x generate-asymmetric-key-pair
               {asymmetric-key-pair-generation}?
          +---w input
          |  +---w algorithm               ssh-public-key-algorithm
          |  +---w num-bits?               uint16
          |  +---w private-key-encoding
          |     +---w (private-key-encoding)
          |        +--:(cleartext) {ct:cleartext-private-keys}?
          |        |  +---w cleartext?   empty
          |        +--:(encrypted) {ct:encrypted-private-keys}?
          |        |  +---w encrypted
          |        |     +---w ks:encrypted-by-grouping
          |        +--:(hidden) {ct:hidden-private-keys}?
          |           +---w hidden?      empty
          +--ro output
             +--ro (key-or-hidden)?
                +--:(key)
                |  +---u ct:asymmetric-key-pair-grouping
                +--:(hidden)
                   +--ro location?
                           instance-identifier

   Comments:

   *  Protocol-accessible nodes are those nodes that are accessible when
      the module is "implemented", as described in Section 5.6.5 of
      [RFC7950].

   *  The protocol-accessible nodes for the "ietf-ssh-common" module are
      limited to the "supported-algorithms" container, which is
      constrained by the "algorithm-discovery" feature, and the
      "generate-asymmetric-key-pair" RPC, which is constrained by the
      "asymmetric-key-pair-generation" feature.

   *  The "encrypted-by-grouping" grouping is discussed in
      Section 2.1.3.1 of [RFC9642].

   *  The "asymmetric-key-pair-grouping" grouping is discussed in
      Section 2.1.4.6 of [RFC9640].

2.2.  Example Usage

   The following example illustrates the "transport-params-grouping'
   grouping when populated with some data.

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <!-- The outermost element below doesn't exist in the data model. -->
   <!--  It simulates if the "grouping" were a "container" instead.  -->

   <transport-params
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common">
     <host-key>
       <host-key-alg>x509v3-rsa2048-sha256</host-key-alg>
       <host-key-alg>ssh-rsa</host-key-alg>
       <host-key-alg>ssh-rsa@openssh.com</host-key-alg>
     </host-key>
     <key-exchange>
       <key-exchange-alg>diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256</key-exch\
   ange-alg>
     </key-exchange>
     <encryption>
       <encryption-alg>aes256-ctr</encryption-alg>
       <encryption-alg>aes192-ctr</encryption-alg>
       <encryption-alg>aes128-ctr</encryption-alg>
       <encryption-alg>aes256-gcm@openssh.com</encryption-alg>
     </encryption>
     <mac>
       <mac-alg>hmac-sha2-256</mac-alg>
       <mac-alg>hmac-sha2-512</mac-alg>
     </mac>
   </transport-params>

   The following example illustrates operational state data indicating
   the SSH algorithms supported by the server.

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <supported-algorithms
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common">
     <encryption-algorithms>
       <supported-algorithm>aes256-ctr</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>arcfour256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>serpent256-ctr</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>AEAD_AES_128_GCM</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>AEAD_AES_256_GCM</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>aes256-gcm@openssh.com</supported-algorithm>
     </encryption-algorithms>
     <key-exchange-algorithms>
       <supported-algorithm>ecdh-sha2-nistp256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>rsa2048-sha256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>gss-group14-sha1-nistp256</supported-algori\
   thm>
       <supported-algorithm>gss-gex-sha1-nistp256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>gss-group14-sha256-1.2.840.10045.3.1.1</sup\
   ported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>curve25519-sha256</supported-algorithm>
     </key-exchange-algorithms>
     <mac-algorithms>
       <supported-algorithm>hmac-sha2-256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>hmac-sha2-512</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>AEAD_AES_256_GCM</supported-algorithm>
     </mac-algorithms>
     <public-key-algorithms>
       <supported-algorithm>rsa-sha2-256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>rsa-sha2-512</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>spki-sign-rsa</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>pgp-sign-dss</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>x509v3-rsa2048-sha256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>ecdsa-sha2-nistp256</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>ecdsa-sha2-1.3.132.0.37</supported-algorith\
   m>
       <supported-algorithm>ssh-ed25519</supported-algorithm>
       <supported-algorithm>ssh-rsa@openssh.com</supported-algorithm>
     </public-key-algorithms>
   </supported-algorithms>

   The following example illustrates the "generate-asymmetric-key-pair"
   RPC.

   REQUEST

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <rpc message-id="101"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <generate-asymmetric-key-pair
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common">
       <algorithm>ecdsa-sha2-nistp256</algorithm>
       <num-bits>521</num-bits>
       <private-key-encoding>
         <encrypted>
           <asymmetric-key-ref>hidden-asymmetric-key</asymmetric-key-re\
   f>
         </encrypted>
       </private-key-encoding>
     </generate-asymmetric-key-pair>
   </rpc>

   RESPONSE

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
     xmlns:ct="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-crypto-types"
     xmlns:sshcmn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common">
     <sshcmn:public-key-format>ct:subject-public-key-info-format</sshcm\
   n:public-key-format>
     <sshcmn:public-key>BASE64VALUE=</sshcmn:public-key>
     <sshcmn:private-key-format>ct:ec-private-key-format</sshcmn:privat\
   e-key-format>
     <sshcmn:cleartext-private-key>BASE64VALUE=</sshcmn:cleartext-priva\
   te-key>
   </rpc-reply>

2.3.  YANG Module

   This YANG module has normative references to [RFC4250], [RFC4253],
   [RFC6187], and [FIPS_186-5].

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ssh-common@2024-10-10.yang"
   module ietf-ssh-common {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common";
     prefix sshcmn;

     import ietf-crypto-types {
       prefix ct;
       reference
         "RFC 9640: YANG Data Types and Groupings for Cryptography";
     }

     import ietf-keystore {
       prefix ks;
       reference
         "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
     }

     import iana-ssh-encryption-algs {
       prefix sshea;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     import iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs {
       prefix sshkea;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     import iana-ssh-mac-algs {
       prefix sshma;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     import iana-ssh-public-key-algs {
       prefix sshpka;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netconf
        WG List:  NETCONF WG list <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>
        Author:   Kent Watsen <mailto:kent+ietf@watsen.net>
        Author:   Gary Wu <mailto:garywu@cisco.com>";

     description
       "This module defines common features and groupings for
        Secure Shell (SSH).

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL',
        'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED',
        'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document
        are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119)
        (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all
        capitals, as shown here.

        Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified
        as authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
        or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and
        subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised
        BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's
        Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 9644
        (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9644); see the RFC
        itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "Initial version.";
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     // Features

     feature ssh-x509-certs {
       description
         "X.509v3 certificates are supported for SSH.";
       reference
         "RFC 6187: X.509v3 Certificates for Secure Shell
                    Authentication";
     }

     feature transport-params {
       description
         "SSH transport layer parameters are configurable.";
     }

     feature asymmetric-key-pair-generation {
       description
         "Indicates that the server implements the
          'generate-asymmetric-key-pair' RPC.";
     }

     feature algorithm-discovery {
       description
         "Indicates that the server implements the
          'supported-algorithms' container.";
     }

     // Typedefs

     typedef ssh-public-key-algorithm {
       type union {
         type sshpka:ssh-public-key-algorithm;
         type string {
           length "1..64" {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
           pattern '.*@.*' {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
         }
       }
       description
         "A type that enables the public key algorithm to be
          either an IANA-maintained public key algorithm in
          the 'iana-ssh-public-key-algs' YANG module (RFC 9644)
          or a locally defined algorithm, per Section 4.6.1
          of RFC 4250.";
       reference
         "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned Numbers
          RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     typedef ssh-key-exchange-algorithm {
       type union {
         type sshkea:ssh-key-exchange-algorithm;
         type string {
           length "1..64" {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC 4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
           pattern '.*@.*' {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC 4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                        Numbers";
           }
         }
       }
       description
         "A type that enables the key exchange algorithm to be
          either an IANA-maintained key exchange algorithm in
          the 'iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs' YANG module (RFC 9644)
          or a locally defined algorithm, per Section 4.6.1
          of RFC 4250.";
       reference
         "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned Numbers
          RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     typedef ssh-encryption-algorithm {
       type union {
         type sshea:ssh-encryption-algorithm;
         type string {
           length "1..64" {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
           pattern '.*@.*' {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
         }
       }
       description
         "A type that enables the encryption algorithm to be
          either an IANA-maintained encryption algorithm in
          the 'iana-ssh-encryption-algs' YANG module (RFC 9644)
          or a locally defined algorithm, per Section 4.6.1
          of RFC 4250.";
       reference
         "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned Numbers
          RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     typedef ssh-mac-algorithm {
       type union {
         type sshma:ssh-mac-algorithm;
         type string {
           length "1..64" {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
           pattern '.*@.*' {
             description
               "Non-IANA-maintained algorithms must include the
                at sign (@) in them, per Section 4.6.1 of RFC
                4250.";
             reference
               "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned
                          Numbers";
           }
         }
       }
       description
         "A type that enables the message authentication code (MAC)
          algorithm to be either an IANA-maintained MAC algorithm
          in the 'iana-ssh-mac-algs' YANG module (RFC 9644)
          or a locally defined algorithm, per Section 4.6.1
          of RFC 4250.";
       reference
         "RFC 4250: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned Numbers
          RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     // Groupings

     grouping transport-params-grouping {
       description
         "A reusable grouping for SSH transport parameters.";
       reference
         "RFC 4253: The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol";
       container host-key {
         description
           "Parameters regarding host key.";
         leaf-list host-key-alg {
           type ssh-public-key-algorithm;
           ordered-by user;
           description
             "Acceptable host key algorithms in order of decreasing
              preference.

              If this leaf-list is not configured (has zero
              elements), the acceptable host key algorithms are
              implementation-defined.";
           reference
             "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
         }
       }
       container key-exchange {
         description
           "Parameters regarding key exchange.";
         leaf-list key-exchange-alg {
           type ssh-key-exchange-algorithm;
           ordered-by user;
           description
             "Acceptable key exchange algorithms in order of decreasing
              preference.

              If this leaf-list is not configured (has zero
              elements), the acceptable key exchange algorithms are
              implementation-defined.";
         }
       }
       container encryption {
         description
           "Parameters regarding encryption.";
         leaf-list encryption-alg {
           type ssh-encryption-algorithm;
           ordered-by user;
           description
             "Acceptable encryption algorithms in order of decreasing
              preference.

              If this leaf-list is not configured (has zero
              elements), the acceptable encryption algorithms are
              implementation-defined.";
         }
       }
       container mac {
         description
           "Parameters regarding message authentication code (MAC).";
         leaf-list mac-alg {
           type ssh-mac-algorithm;
           ordered-by user;
           description
             "Acceptable MAC algorithms in order of decreasing
              preference.

              If this leaf-list is not configured (has zero
              elements), the acceptable MAC algorithms are
              implementation-defined.";
         }
       }
     }

     // Protocol-accessible Nodes

     container supported-algorithms {
       if-feature "algorithm-discovery";
       config false;
       description
         "Identifies all of the supported algorithms.";
       container public-key-algorithms {
         description
           "A container for a list of public key algorithms
            supported by the server.";
         leaf-list supported-algorithm {
           type ssh-public-key-algorithm;
           description
             "A public key algorithm supported by the server.";
         }
       }
       container encryption-algorithms {
         description
           "A container for a list of encryption algorithms
            supported by the server.";
         leaf-list supported-algorithm {
           type ssh-encryption-algorithm;
           description
             "An encryption algorithm supported by the server.";
         }
       }
       container key-exchange-algorithms {
         config false;
         description
           "A container for a list of key exchange algorithms
            supported by the server.";
         leaf-list supported-algorithm {
           type ssh-key-exchange-algorithm;
           description
             "A key exchange algorithm supported by the server.";
         }
       }
       container mac-algorithms {
         config false;
         description
           "A container for a list of MAC algorithms
            supported by the server.";
         leaf-list supported-algorithm {
           type ssh-mac-algorithm;
           description
             "A MAC algorithm supported by the server.";
         }
       }
     }

     rpc generate-asymmetric-key-pair {
       if-feature "asymmetric-key-pair-generation";
       description
         "Requests the device to generate a public key using
          the specified key algorithm.";
       input {
         leaf algorithm {
           type ssh-public-key-algorithm;
           mandatory true;
           description
             "The algorithm to be used when generating the key.";
         }
         leaf num-bits {
           type uint16;
           description
             "Specifies the number of bits in the key to create.
              For RSA keys, the minimum size is 1024 bits and
              the default is 3072 bits.  Generally, 3072 bits is
              considered sufficient.  DSA keys must be exactly 1024
              bits, as specified by FIPS 186-5.  For Elliptic Curve
              Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) keys, the
              'num-bits' value determines the key length by selecting
              from one of three elliptic curve sizes: 256, 384, or
              521 bits.  Attempting to use bit lengths other than
              these three values for ECDSA keys will fail.  ECDSA-SK,
              Ed25519, and Ed25519-SK keys have a fixed length, and
              thus, the 'num-bits' value is not specified.";
           reference
             "FIPS 186-5: Digital Signature Standard (DSS)";
         }
         container private-key-encoding {
           description
             "Indicates how the private key is to be encoded.";
           choice private-key-encoding {
             mandatory true;
             description
               "A choice amongst optional private key handling.";
             case cleartext {
               if-feature "ct:cleartext-private-keys";
               leaf cleartext {
                 type empty;
                 description
                   "Indicates that the private key is to be returned
                    as a cleartext value.";
               }
             }
             case encrypted {
               if-feature "ct:encrypted-private-keys";
               container encrypted {
                 description
                   "Indicates that the private key is to be encrypted
                    using the specified symmetric or asymmetric key.";
                 uses ks:encrypted-by-grouping;
               }
             }
             case hidden {
               if-feature "ct:hidden-private-keys";
               leaf hidden {
                 type empty;
                 description
                   "Indicates that the private key is to be hidden.

                    Unlike the 'cleartext' and 'encrypt' options, the
                    key returned is a placeholder for an internally
                    stored key.  See the 'Support for Built-in Keys'
                    section in RFC 9642 for information about hidden
                    keys.

                    It is expected that the server will instantiate
                    the hidden key in the same location where built-in
                    keys are located.  Rather than returning the key,
                    just the key's location is returned in the output.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
       output {
         choice key-or-hidden {
           case key {
             uses ct:asymmetric-key-pair-grouping;
           }
           case hidden {
             leaf location {
               type instance-identifier;
               description
                 "The location to where a hidden key was created.";
             }
           }
           description
             "The output can be either a key (for cleartext and
              encrypted keys) or the location to where the key
              was created (for hidden keys).";
         }
       }
     } // end generate-asymmetric-key-pair

   }
   <CODE ENDS>

3.  The "ietf-ssh-client" Module

   This section defines a YANG 1.1 [RFC7950] module called "ietf-ssh-
   client".  A high-level overview of the module is provided in
   Section 3.1.  Examples illustrating the module's use are provided in
   Section 3.2 ("Example Usage").  The YANG module itself is defined in
   Section 3.3.

3.1.  Data Model Overview

   This section provides an overview of the "ietf-ssh-client" module in
   terms of its features and groupings.

3.1.1.  Features

   The following diagram lists all the "feature" statements defined in
   the "ietf-ssh-client" module:

   Features:
     +-- ssh-client-keepalives
     +-- client-ident-password
     +-- client-ident-publickey
     +-- client-ident-hostbased
     +-- client-ident-none

   The diagram above uses syntax that is similar to but not defined in
   [RFC8340].

   Please refer to the YANG module for a description of each feature.

3.1.2.  Groupings

   The "ietf-ssh-client" module defines the following "grouping"
   statement:

   *  ssh-client-grouping

   This grouping is presented in the following subsection.

3.1.2.1.  The "ssh-client-grouping" Grouping

   The following tree diagram [RFC8340] illustrates the "ssh-client-
   grouping" grouping:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

     grouping ssh-client-grouping:
       +-- client-identity
       |  +-- username?      string
       |  +-- public-key! {client-ident-publickey}?
       |  |  +---u ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping
       |  +-- password! {client-ident-password}?
       |  |  +---u ct:password-grouping
       |  +-- hostbased! {client-ident-hostbased}?
       |  |  +---u ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping
       |  +-- none?          empty {client-ident-none}?
       |  +-- certificate! {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |     +---u ks:inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-key-group\
   ing
       +-- server-authentication
       |  +-- ssh-host-keys!
       |  |  +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping
       |  +-- ca-certs! {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |  |  +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping
       |  +-- ee-certs! {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |     +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping
       +-- transport-params {sshcmn:transport-params}?
       |  +---u sshcmn:transport-params-grouping
       +-- keepalives! {ssh-client-keepalives}?
          +-- max-wait?       uint16
          +-- max-attempts?   uint8

   Comments:

   *  The "client-identity" node configures a "username" and
      authentication methods, each enabled by a "feature" statement
      defined in Section 3.1.1.

   *  The "server-authentication" node configures trust anchors for
      authenticating the SSH server, with each option enabled by a
      "feature" statement.

   *  The "transport-params" node, which must be enabled by a feature,
      configures parameters for the SSH sessions established by this
      configuration.

   *  The "keepalives" node, which must be enabled by a feature,
      configures a "presence" container for testing the aliveness of the
      SSH server.  The aliveness-test occurs at the SSH protocol layer.

   *  For the referenced grouping statements:

      -  The "inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping" grouping is
         discussed in Section 2.1.3.4 of [RFC9642].

      -  The "inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-key-grouping"
         grouping is discussed in Section 2.1.3.6 of [RFC9642].

      -  The "inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping" grouping is
         discussed in Section 2.1.3.4 of [RFC9641].

      -  The "inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping" grouping is discussed
         in Section 2.1.3.3 of [RFC9641].

      -  The "transport-params-grouping" grouping is discussed in
         Section 2.1.2.1 in this document.

3.1.3.  Protocol-Accessible Nodes

   The "ietf-ssh-client" module defines only "grouping" statements that
   are used by other modules to instantiate protocol-accessible nodes.
   Thus, this module, when implemented, does not itself define any
   protocol-accessible nodes.

3.2.  Example Usage

   This section presents two examples showing the "ssh-client-grouping"
   grouping populated with some data.  These examples are effectively
   the same, except the first configures the client identity using an
   inlined key, while the second uses a key configured in a keystore.
   Both examples are consistent with the examples presented in
   Section 2.2.1 of [RFC9641] and Section 2.2.1 of [RFC9642].

   The following configuration example uses inline-definitions for the
   client identity and server authentication:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <!-- The outermost element below doesn't exist in the data model. -->
   <!--  It simulates if the "grouping" were a "container" instead.  -->

   <ssh-client
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-client"
     xmlns:ct="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-crypto-types">

     <!-- how this client will authenticate itself to the server -->
     <client-identity>
       <username>foobar</username>
       <public-key>
         <inline-definition>
           <private-key-format>ct:rsa-private-key-format</private-key-f\
   ormat>
           <cleartext-private-key>BASE64VALUE=</cleartext-private-key>
         </inline-definition>
       </public-key>
     </client-identity>

     <!-- which host keys will this client trust -->
     <server-authentication>
       <ssh-host-keys>
         <inline-definition>
           <public-key>
             <name>corp-fw1</name>
             <public-key-format>ct:ssh-public-key-format</public-key-fo\
   rmat>
             <public-key>BASE64VALUE=</public-key>
           </public-key>
           <public-key>
             <name>corp-fw2</name>
             <public-key-format>ct:ssh-public-key-format</public-key-fo\
   rmat>
             <public-key>BASE64VALUE=</public-key>
           </public-key>
         </inline-definition>
       </ssh-host-keys>
       <ca-certs>
         <inline-definition>
           <certificate>
             <name>Server Cert Issuer #1</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
           <certificate>
             <name>Server Cert Issuer #2</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
         </inline-definition>
       </ca-certs>
       <ee-certs>
         <inline-definition>
           <certificate>
             <name>My Application #1</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
           <certificate>
             <name>My Application #2</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
         </inline-definition>
       </ee-certs>
     </server-authentication>

     <keepalives>
       <max-wait>30</max-wait>
       <max-attempts>3</max-attempts>
     </keepalives>

   </ssh-client>

   The following configuration example uses central-keystore-references
   for the client identity and central-truststore-references for server
   authentication from the keystore:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <!-- The outermost element below doesn't exist in the data model. -->
   <!--  It simulates if the "grouping" were a "container" instead.  -->

   <ssh-client
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-client"
     xmlns:algs="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common">

     <!-- how this client will authenticate itself to the server -->
     <client-identity>
       <username>foobar</username>
       <public-key>
         <central-keystore-reference>ssh-rsa-key</central-keystore-refe\
   rence>
       </public-key>
       <certificate>
         <central-keystore-reference>
           <asymmetric-key>ssh-rsa-key-with-cert</asymmetric-key>
           <certificate>ex-rsa-cert2</certificate>
         </central-keystore-reference>
       </certificate>
     </client-identity>

     <!-- which host-keys will this client trust -->
     <server-authentication>
       <ssh-host-keys>
         <central-truststore-reference>trusted-ssh-public-keys</central\
   -truststore-reference>
       </ssh-host-keys>
       <ca-certs>
         <central-truststore-reference>trusted-server-ca-certs</central\
   -truststore-reference>
       </ca-certs>
       <ee-certs>
         <central-truststore-reference>trusted-server-ee-certs</central\
   -truststore-reference>
       </ee-certs>
     </server-authentication>

     <keepalives>
       <max-wait>30</max-wait>
       <max-attempts>3</max-attempts>
     </keepalives>

   </ssh-client>

3.3.  YANG Module

   This YANG module has normative references to [RFC4252], [RFC4254],
   [RFC8341], [RFC9640], [RFC9641], and [RFC9642].

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ssh-client@2024-10-10.yang"
   module ietf-ssh-client {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-client";
     prefix sshc;

     import ietf-netconf-acm {
       prefix nacm;
       reference
         "RFC 8341: Network Configuration Access Control Model";
     }

     import ietf-crypto-types {
       prefix ct;
       reference
         "RFC 9640: YANG Data Types and Groupings for Cryptography";
     }

     import ietf-truststore {
       prefix ts;
       reference
         "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
     }

     import ietf-keystore {
       prefix ks;
       reference
         "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
     }

     import ietf-ssh-common {
       prefix sshcmn;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netconf
        WG List:  NETCONF WG list <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>
        Author:   Kent Watsen <mailto:kent+ietf@watsen.net>";

     description
       "This module defines a reusable grouping for SSH clients that
        can be used as a basis for specific SSH client instances.

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL',
        'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED',
        'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document
        are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119)
        (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all
        capitals, as shown here.

        Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified
        as authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
        or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and
        subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised
        BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's
        Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 9644
        (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9644); see the RFC
        itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "Initial version.";
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     // Features

     feature ssh-client-keepalives {
       description
         "SSH keepalive parameters are configurable for
          SSH clients on the server implementing this feature.";
     }

     feature client-ident-publickey {
       description
         "Indicates that the 'publickey' authentication type, per
          RFC 4252, is supported for client identification.
          The 'publickey' authentication type is required by
          RFC 4252, but common implementations allow it to
          be disabled.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature client-ident-password {
       description
         "Indicates that the 'password' authentication type, per
          RFC 4252, is supported for client identification.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature client-ident-hostbased {
       description
         "Indicates that the 'hostbased' authentication type, per
          RFC 4252, is supported for client identification.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature client-ident-none {
       description
         "Indicates that the 'none' authentication type, per
          RFC 4252, is supported for client identification.
          It is NOT RECOMMENDED to enable this feature.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     // Groupings

     grouping ssh-client-grouping {
       description
         "A reusable grouping for configuring an SSH client without
          any consideration for how an underlying TCP session is
          established.

          Note that this grouping uses fairly typical descendant
          node names such that a nesting of 'uses' statements will
          have name conflicts.  It is intended that the consuming
          data model will resolve the issue (e.g., by wrapping
          the 'uses' statement in a container called
          'ssh-client-parameters').  This model purposely does
          not do this itself so as to provide maximum flexibility
          to consuming models.";

       container client-identity {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         description
           "The username and authentication methods for the client.
            The authentication methods are unordered.  Clients may
            initially send any configured method or, per Section 5.2 of
            RFC 4252, send the 'none' method to prompt the server
            to provide a list of productive methods.  Whenever a
            choice amongst methods arises, implementations SHOULD
            use a default ordering that prioritizes automation
            over human interaction.";
         leaf username {
           type string;
           description
             "The username of this user.  This will be the username
              used, for instance, to log into an SSH server.";
         }
         container public-key {
           if-feature "client-ident-publickey";
           presence
             "Indicates that public-key-based authentication has been
              configured.  This statement is present so the mandatory
              descendant nodes do not imply that this node must be
              configured.";
           description
             "A locally defined or referenced asymmetric key
              pair to be used for client identification.";
           reference
             "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
           uses ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping {
             refine "inline-or-keystore/inline/inline-definition" {
               must 'not(public-key-format) or derived-from-or-self'
                  + '(public-key-format, "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
             }
             refine "inline-or-keystore/central-keystore/"
                  + "central-keystore-reference" {
               must 'not(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format) or derived-'
                  + 'from-or-self(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format, '
                  + '"ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
             }
           }
         }
         container password {
           if-feature "client-ident-password";
           presence
             "Indicates that password-based authentication has been
              configured.  This statement is present so the mandatory
              descendant nodes do not imply that this node must be
              configured.";
           description
             "A password to be used to authenticate the client's
              identity.";
           uses ct:password-grouping;
         }
         container hostbased {
           if-feature "client-ident-hostbased";
           presence
             "Indicates that host-based authentication is configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply that this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A locally defined or referenced asymmetric key
              pair to be used for host identification.";
           reference
             "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
           uses ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping {
             refine "inline-or-keystore/inline/inline-definition" {
               must 'not(public-key-format) or derived-from-or-self('
                  + 'public-key-format, "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
             }
             refine "inline-or-keystore/central-keystore/"
                  + "central-keystore-reference" {
               must 'not(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format) or derived-'
                  + 'from-or-self(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format, '
                  + '"ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
             }
           }
         }
         leaf none {
           if-feature "client-ident-none";
           type empty;
           description
             "Indicates that the 'none' algorithm is used for client
              identification.";
         }
         container certificate {
           if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
           presence
             "Indicates that certificate-based authentication has been
              configured.  This statement is present so the mandatory
              descendant nodes do not imply that this node must be
              configured.";
           description
             "A locally defined or referenced certificate
              to be used for client identification.";
           reference
             "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
           uses
             ks:inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-key-grouping {
             refine "inline-or-keystore/inline/inline-definition" {
               must 'not(public-key-format) or derived-from-or-self('
                  + 'public-key-format, "ct:subject-public-key-info-'
                  + 'format")';
             }
             refine "inline-or-keystore/central-keystore/"
                  + "central-keystore-reference/asymmetric-key" {
               must 'not(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format) or derived-'
                  + 'from-or-self(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format, '
                  + '"ct:subject-public-key-info-format")';
             }
           }
         }
       } // container client-identity

       container server-authentication {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         must 'ssh-host-keys or ca-certs or ee-certs';
         description
           "Specifies how the SSH client can authenticate SSH servers.
            Any combination of authentication methods is additive and
            unordered.";
         container ssh-host-keys {
           presence
             "Indicates that the SSH host key have been configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply that this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A bag of SSH host keys used by the SSH client to
              authenticate SSH server host keys.  A server host key
              is authenticated if it is an exact match to a
              configured SSH host key.";
           reference
             "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
           uses ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping {
             refine
               "inline-or-truststore/inline/inline-definition/public"
               + "-key" {
               must 'derived-from-or-self(public-key-format,'
                  + ' "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
             }
             refine "inline-or-truststore/central-truststore/"
                  + "central-truststore-reference" {
               must 'not(deref(.)/../ts:public-key/ts:public-key-'
                  + 'format[not(derived-from-or-self(., "ct:ssh-'
                  + 'public-key-format"))])';
             }
           }
         }
         container ca-certs {
           if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
           presence
             "Indicates that the CA certificates have been configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply that this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A set of Certification Authority (CA) certificates used by
              the SSH client to authenticate SSH servers.  A server
              is authenticated if its certificate has a valid chain
              of trust to a configured CA certificate.";
           reference
             "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
           uses ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping;
         }
         container ee-certs {
           if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
           presence
             "Indicates that the EE certificates have been configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply that this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A set of end-entity (EE) certificates used by the SSH
              client to authenticate SSH servers.  A server is
              authenticated if its certificate is an exact match to a
              configured end-entity certificate.";
           reference
             "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
           uses ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping;
         }
       } // container server-authentication

       container transport-params {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         if-feature "sshcmn:transport-params";
         description
           "Configurable parameters of the SSH transport layer.";
         uses sshcmn:transport-params-grouping;
       } // container transport-parameters

       container keepalives {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         if-feature "ssh-client-keepalives";
         presence
           "Indicates that the SSH client proactively tests the
            aliveness of the remote SSH server.";
         description
           "Configures the keepalive policy to proactively test
            the aliveness of the SSH server.  An unresponsive SSH
            server is dropped after approximately max-wait *
            max-attempts seconds.  Per Section 4 of RFC 4254,
            the SSH client SHOULD send an SSH_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST
            message with a purposely nonexistent 'request name'
            value (e.g., keepalive@example.com) and the 'want reply'
            value set to '1'.";
         reference
           "RFC 4254: The Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Protocol";
         leaf max-wait {
           type uint16 {
             range "1..max";
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "30";
           description
             "Sets the amount of time in seconds after which an
              SSH-level message will be sent to test the aliveness
              of the SSH server if no data has been received from the
              SSH server.";
         }
         leaf max-attempts {
           type uint8;
           default "3";
           description
             "Sets the maximum number of sequential keepalive
              messages that can fail to obtain a response from
              the SSH server before assuming the SSH server is
              no longer alive.";
         }
       } // container keepalives
     } // grouping ssh-client-grouping

   }
   <CODE ENDS>

4.  The "ietf-ssh-server" Module

   This section defines a YANG 1.1 module called "ietf-ssh-server".  A
   high-level overview of the module is provided in Section 4.1.
   Examples illustrating the module's use are provided in Section 4.2
   ("Example Usage").  The YANG module itself is defined in Section 4.3.

4.1.  Data Model Overview

   This section provides an overview of the "ietf-ssh-server" module in
   terms of its features and groupings.

4.1.1.  Features

   The following diagram lists all the "feature" statements defined in
   the "ietf-ssh-server" module:

   Features:
     +-- ssh-server-keepalives
     +-- local-users-supported
     +-- local-user-auth-publickey {local-users-supported}?
     +-- local-user-auth-password {local-users-supported}?
     +-- local-user-auth-hostbased {local-users-supported}?
     +-- local-user-auth-none {local-users-supported}?

   The diagram above uses syntax that is similar to but not defined in
   [RFC8340].

   Please refer to the YANG module for a description of each feature.

4.1.2.  Groupings

   The "ietf-ssh-server" module defines the following "grouping"
   statement:

   *  ssh-server-grouping

   This grouping is presented in the following subsection.

4.1.2.1.  The "ssh-server-grouping" Grouping

   The following tree diagram [RFC8340] illustrates the "ssh-server-
   grouping" grouping:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

     grouping ssh-server-grouping:
       +-- server-identity
       |  +-- host-key* [name]
       |     +-- name                string
       |     +-- (host-key-type)
       |        +--:(public-key)
       |        |  +-- public-key
       |        |     +---u ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-groupi\
   ng
       |        +--:(certificate)
       |           +-- certificate {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |              +---u ks:inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-\
   key-grouping
       +-- client-authentication
       |  +-- users {local-users-supported}?
       |  |  +-- user* [name]
       |  |     +-- name          string
       |  |     +-- public-keys! {local-user-auth-publickey}?
       |  |     |  +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping
       |  |     +-- password
       |  |     |  +-- hashed-password?   ianach:crypt-hash
       |  |     |  |       {local-user-auth-password}?
       |  |     |  +--ro last-modified?     yang:date-and-time
       |  |     +-- hostbased! {local-user-auth-hostbased}?
       |  |     |  +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping
       |  |     +-- none?          empty {local-user-auth-none}?
       |  +-- ca-certs! {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |  |  +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping
       |  +-- ee-certs! {sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs}?
       |     +---u ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping
       +-- transport-params {sshcmn:transport-params}?
       |  +---u sshcmn:transport-params-grouping
       +-- keepalives! {ssh-server-keepalives}?
          +-- max-wait?       uint16
          +-- max-attempts?   uint8

   Comments:

   *  The "server-identity" node configures the authentication methods
      the server can use to identify itself to clients.  The ability to
      use a certificate is enabled by a "feature".

   *  The "client-authentication" node configures trust anchors for
      authenticating the SSH client, with each option enabled by a
      "feature" statement.

   *  The "transport-params" node, which must be enabled by a feature,
      configures parameters for the SSH sessions established by this
      configuration.

   *  The "keepalives" node, which must be enabled by a feature,
      configures a "presence" container for testing the aliveness of the
      SSH client.  The aliveness-test occurs at the SSH protocol layer.

   *  For the referenced grouping statements:

      -  The "inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping" grouping is
         discussed in Section 2.1.3.4 of [RFC9642].

      -  The "inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-key-grouping"
         grouping is discussed in Section 2.1.3.6 of [RFC9642].

      -  The "inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping" grouping is
         discussed in Section 2.1.3.4 of [RFC9641].

      -  The "inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping" grouping is discussed
         in Section 2.1.3.3 of [RFC9641].

      -  The "transport-params-grouping" grouping is discussed in
         Section 2.1.2.1 in this document.

4.1.3.  Protocol-Accessible Nodes

   The "ietf-ssh-server" module defines only "grouping" statements that
   are used by other modules to instantiate protocol-accessible nodes.
   Thus, this module, when implemented, does not itself define any
   protocol-accessible nodes.

4.2.  Example Usage

   This section presents two examples showing the "ssh-server-grouping"
   grouping populated with some data.  These examples are effectively
   the same, except the first configures the server identity using an
   inlined key, while the second uses a key configured in a keystore.
   Both examples are consistent with the examples presented in
   Section 2.2.1 of [RFC9641] and Section 2.2.1 of [RFC9642].

   The following configuration example uses inline-definitions for the
   server identity and client authentication:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <!-- The outermost element below doesn't exist in the data model. -->
   <!--  It simulates if the "grouping" were a "container" instead.  -->

   <ssh-server
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-server"
     xmlns:ct="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-crypto-types">

     <!-- the host-key this SSH server will present -->
     <server-identity>
       <host-key>
         <name>my-pubkey-based-host-key</name>
         <public-key>
           <inline-definition>
             <private-key-format>ct:rsa-private-key-format</private-key\
   -format>
             <cleartext-private-key>BASE64VALUE=</cleartext-private-key>
           </inline-definition>
         </public-key>
       </host-key>
       <host-key>
         <name>my-cert-based-host-key</name>
         <certificate>
           <inline-definition>
             <private-key-format>ct:rsa-private-key-format</private-key\
   -format>
             <cleartext-private-key>BASE64VALUE=</cleartext-private-key>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </inline-definition>
         </certificate>
       </host-key>
     </server-identity>

     <!-- the client credentials this SSH server will trust -->
     <client-authentication>
       <users>
         <user>
           <name>mary</name>
           <password>
             <hashed-password>$0$example-secret</hashed-password>
           </password>
           <public-keys>
             <inline-definition>
               <public-key>
                 <name>Mary-Key-1</name>
                 <public-key-format>ct:ssh-public-key-format</public-ke\
   y-format>
                 <public-key>BASE64VALUE=</public-key>
               </public-key>
               <public-key>
                 <name>Mary-Key-2</name>
                 <public-key-format>ct:ssh-public-key-format</public-ke\
   y-format>
                 <public-key>BASE64VALUE=</public-key>
               </public-key>
             </inline-definition>
           </public-keys>
         </user>
       </users>
       <ca-certs>
         <inline-definition>
           <certificate>
             <name>Identity Cert Issuer #1</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
           <certificate>
             <name>Identity Cert Issuer #2</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
         </inline-definition>
       </ca-certs>
       <ee-certs>
         <inline-definition>
           <certificate>
             <name>Application #1</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
           <certificate>
             <name>Application #2</name>
             <cert-data>BASE64VALUE=</cert-data>
           </certificate>
         </inline-definition>
       </ee-certs>
     </client-authentication>

     <keepalives>
       <max-wait>30</max-wait>
       <max-attempts>3</max-attempts>
     </keepalives>

   </ssh-server>

   The following configuration example uses central-keystore-references
   for the server identity and central-truststore-references for client
   authentication from the keystore:

   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   <!-- The outermost element below doesn't exist in the data model. -->
   <!--  It simulates if the "grouping" were a "container" instead.  -->

   <ssh-server
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-server">

     <!-- the host-key this SSH server will present -->
     <server-identity>
       <host-key>
         <name>my-pubkey-based-host-key</name>
         <public-key>
           <central-keystore-reference>ssh-rsa-key</central-keystore-re\
   ference>
         </public-key>
       </host-key>
       <host-key>
         <name>my-cert-based-host-key</name>
         <certificate>
           <central-keystore-reference>
             <asymmetric-key>ssh-rsa-key-with-cert</asymmetric-key>
             <certificate>ex-rsa-cert2</certificate>
           </central-keystore-reference>
         </certificate>
       </host-key>
     </server-identity>

     <!-- the client credentials this SSH server will trust -->
     <client-authentication>
       <users>
         <user>
           <name>mary</name>
           <password>
             <hashed-password>$0$example-secret</hashed-password>
           </password>
           <public-keys>
             <central-truststore-reference>SSH Public Keys for Applicat\
   ion A</central-truststore-reference>
           </public-keys>
         </user>
       </users>
       <ca-certs>
         <central-truststore-reference>trusted-client-ca-certs</central\
   -truststore-reference>
       </ca-certs>
       <ee-certs>
         <central-truststore-reference>trusted-client-ee-certs</central\
   -truststore-reference>
       </ee-certs>
     </client-authentication>

     <keepalives>
       <max-wait>30</max-wait>
       <max-attempts>3</max-attempts>
     </keepalives>

   </ssh-server>

4.3.  YANG Module

   This YANG module has normative references to [RFC4251], [RFC4252],
   [RFC4253], [RFC4254], [RFC6991], [RFC7317], [RFC8341], [RFC9640],
   [RFC9641], and [RFC9642].

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ssh-server@2024-10-10.yang"
   module ietf-ssh-server {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-server";
     prefix sshs;

     import ietf-yang-types {
       prefix yang;
       reference
         "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
     }

     import iana-crypt-hash {
       prefix ianach;
       reference
         "RFC 7317: A YANG Data Model for System Management";
     }

     import ietf-netconf-acm {
       prefix nacm;
       reference
         "RFC 8341: Network Configuration Access Control Model";
     }

     import ietf-crypto-types {
       prefix ct;
       reference
         "RFC 9640: YANG Data Types and Groupings for Cryptography";
     }

     import ietf-truststore {
       prefix ts;
       reference
         "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
     }

     import ietf-keystore {
       prefix ks;
       reference
         "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
     }

     import ietf-ssh-common {
       prefix sshcmn;
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     organization
       "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web:   https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netconf
        WG List:  NETCONF WG list <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>
        Author:   Kent Watsen <mailto:kent+ietf@watsen.net>";

     description
       "This module defines a reusable grouping for SSH servers that
        can be used as a basis for specific SSH server instances.

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL',
        'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED',
        'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document
        are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119)
        (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all
        capitals, as shown here.

        Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified
        as authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
        or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and
        subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised
        BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's
        Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 9644
        (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9644); see the RFC
        itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "Initial version.";
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     // Features

     feature ssh-server-keepalives {
       description
         "SSH keepalive parameters are configurable for
          SSH servers on the server implementing this feature.";
     }

     feature local-users-supported {
       description
         "Indicates that the configuration for users can be
          configured herein, as opposed to in an application-
          specific location.";
     }

     feature local-user-auth-publickey {
       if-feature "local-users-supported";
       description
         "Indicates that the 'publickey' authentication type,
          per RFC 4252, is supported for locally defined users.
          The 'publickey' authentication type is required by
          RFC 4252, but common implementations allow it to
          be disabled.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature local-user-auth-password {
       if-feature "local-users-supported";
       description
         "Indicates that the 'password' authentication type,
          per RFC 4252, is supported for locally defined users.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature local-user-auth-hostbased {
       if-feature "local-users-supported";
       description
         "Indicates that the 'hostbased' authentication type,
          per RFC 4252, is supported for locally defined users.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     feature local-user-auth-none {
       if-feature "local-users-supported";
       description
         "Indicates that the 'none' authentication type, per
          RFC 4252, is supported.  It is NOT RECOMMENDED to
          enable this feature.";
       reference
         "RFC 4252:
           The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
     }

     // Groupings

     grouping ssh-server-grouping {
       description
         "A reusable grouping for configuring an SSH server without
          any consideration for how underlying TCP sessions are
          established.

          Note that this grouping uses fairly typical descendant
          node names such that a nesting of 'uses' statements will
          have name conflicts.  It is intended that the consuming
          data model will resolve the issue (e.g., by wrapping
          the 'uses' statement in a container called
          'ssh-server-parameters').  This model purposely does
          not do this itself so as to provide maximum flexibility
          to consuming models.";

       container server-identity {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         description
           "The list of host keys the SSH server will present when
            establishing an SSH connection.";
         list host-key {
           key "name";
           min-elements 1;
           ordered-by user;
           description
             "An ordered list of host keys (see RFC 4251) the SSH
              server will use to construct its ordered list of
              algorithms when sending its SSH_MSG_KEXINIT message,
              as defined in Section 7.1 of RFC 4253.";
           reference
             "RFC 4251: The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Architecture
              RFC 4253: The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer
                        Protocol";
           leaf name {
             type string;
             description
               "An arbitrary name for this host key.";
           }
           choice host-key-type {
             mandatory true;
             description
               "The type of host key being specified.";
             container public-key {
               description
                 "A locally defined or referenced asymmetric key pair
                  to be used for the SSH server's host key.";
               reference
                 "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
               uses ks:inline-or-keystore-asymmetric-key-grouping {
                 refine "inline-or-keystore/inline/inline-definition" {
                   must 'not(public-key-format) or derived-from-or-self'
                    + '(public-key-format, "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';

                 }
                 refine "inline-or-keystore/central-keystore/"
                      + "central-keystore-reference" {
                   must 'not(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format) or '
                      + 'derived-from-or-self(deref(.)/../ks:public-'
                      + 'key-format, "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
                 }
               }
             }
             container certificate {
               if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
               description
                 "A locally defined or referenced end-entity
                  certificate to be used for the SSH server's
                  host key.";
               reference
                 "RFC 9642: A YANG Data Model for a Keystore";
               uses
               ks:inline-or-keystore-end-entity-cert-with-key-grouping{
                 refine "inline-or-keystore/inline/inline-definition" {
                   must 'not(public-key-format) or derived-from-or-self'
                      + '(public-key-format, "ct:subject-public-key-'
                      + 'info-format")';
                 }
                 refine "inline-or-keystore/central-keystore/"
                      + "central-keystore-reference/asymmetric-key" {
                   must 'not(deref(.)/../ks:public-key-format) or '
                      + 'derived-from-or-self(deref(.)/../ks:public-key'
                      + '-format, "ct:subject-public-key-info-format")';
                 }
               }
             }
           }
         }
       } // container server-identity

       container client-authentication {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         description
           "Specifies how the SSH server can be configured to
            authenticate SSH clients.  See RFC 4252 for a general
            discussion about SSH authentication.";
         reference
           "RFC 4252: The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication Protocol";
         container users {
           if-feature "local-users-supported";
           description
             "A list of locally configured users.";
           list user {
             key "name";
             description
               "A locally configured user.

                The server SHOULD derive the list of authentication
                'method names' returned to the SSH client from the
                descendant nodes configured herein, per Sections
                5.1 and 5.2 of RFC 4252.

                The authentication methods are unordered.  Clients
                must authenticate to all configured methods.
                Whenever a choice amongst methods arises,
                implementations SHOULD use a default ordering
                that prioritizes automation over human interaction.";
             leaf name {
               type string;
               description
                 "The 'username' for the SSH client, as defined in
                  the SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST message in RFC 4253.";
               reference
                 "RFC 4253: The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer
                            Protocol";
             }
             container public-keys {
               if-feature "local-user-auth-publickey";
               presence
                 "Indicates that public keys have been configured.
                  This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
                  nodes do not imply that this node must be
                  configured.";
               description
                 "A set of SSH public keys may be used by the SSH
                  server to authenticate this user.  A user is
                  authenticated if its public key is an exact
                  match to a configured public key.";
               reference
                 "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
               uses ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping {
                 refine "inline-or-truststore/inline/inline-definition/"
                      + "public-key" {
                   must 'derived-from-or-self(public-key-format,'
                      + ' "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
                 }
                 refine "inline-or-truststore/central-truststore/"
                      + "central-truststore-reference" {
                   must 'not(deref(.)/../ts:public-key/ts:public-key-'
                      + 'format[not(derived-from-or-self(., "ct:ssh-'
                      + 'public-key-format"))])';
                 }
               }
             }
             container password {
               description
                 "A password the SSH server may use to authenticate
                  this user.  A user is authenticated if the hash
                  of the supplied password matches this value.";
               leaf hashed-password {
                 if-feature "local-user-auth-password";
                 type ianach:crypt-hash;
                 description
                   "The password for this user.";
               }
               leaf last-modified {
                 type yang:date-and-time;
                 config false;
                 description
                   "Identifies when the password was last set.";
               }
             }
             container hostbased {
               if-feature "local-user-auth-hostbased";
               presence
                 "Indicates that host-based (RFC 4252) keys have been
                  configured.  This statement is present so the
                  mandatory descendant nodes do not imply that this
                  node must be configured.";
               description
                 "A set of SSH host keys used by the SSH server to
                  authenticate this user's host.  A user's host is
                  authenticated if its host key is an exact match
                  to a configured host key.";
               reference
                 "RFC 4252: The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication
                            Protocol
                  RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
               uses ts:inline-or-truststore-public-keys-grouping {
                 refine "inline-or-truststore/inline/inline-definition/"
                      + "public-key" {
                   must 'derived-from-or-self(public-key-format,'
                      + ' "ct:ssh-public-key-format")';
                 }
                 refine "inline-or-truststore/central-truststore/"
                      + "central-truststore-reference" {
                   must 'not(deref(.)/../ts:public-key/ts:public-key-'
                      + 'format[not(derived-from-or-self(., "ct:ssh-'
                      + 'public-key-format"))])';
                 }
               }
             }
             leaf none {
               if-feature "local-user-auth-none";
               type empty;
               description
                 "Indicates that the 'none' method is configured
                  for this user.";
               reference
                 "RFC 4252: The Secure Shell (SSH) Authentication
                            Protocol";
             }
           }
         } // users
         container ca-certs {
           if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
           presence
             "Indicates that CA certificates have been configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A set of Certification Authority (CA) certificates used by
              the SSH server to authenticate SSH client certificates.
              A client certificate is authenticated if it has a valid
              chain of trust to a configured CA certificate.";
           reference
             "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
           uses ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping;
         }
         container ee-certs {
           if-feature "sshcmn:ssh-x509-certs";
           presence
             "Indicates that EE certificates have been configured.
              This statement is present so the mandatory descendant
              nodes do not imply this node must be configured.";
           description
             "A set of client certificates (i.e., end-entity
              certificates) used by the SSH server to authenticate
              the certificates presented by SSH clients.  A client
              certificate is authenticated if it is an exact match
              to a configured end-entity certificate.";
           reference
             "RFC 9641: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
           uses ts:inline-or-truststore-certs-grouping;
         }
       } // container client-authentication

       container transport-params {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         if-feature "sshcmn:transport-params";
         description
           "Configurable parameters of the SSH transport layer.";
         uses sshcmn:transport-params-grouping;
       } // container transport-params

       container keepalives {
         nacm:default-deny-write;
         if-feature "ssh-server-keepalives";
         presence
           "Indicates that the SSH server proactively tests the
            aliveness of the remote SSH client.";
         description
           "Configures the keepalive policy to proactively test
            the aliveness of the SSH client.  An unresponsive SSH
            client is dropped after approximately max-wait *
            max-attempts seconds.  Per Section 4 of RFC 4254,
            the SSH server SHOULD send an SSH_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST
            message with a purposely nonexistent 'request name'
            value (e.g., keepalive@example.com) and the 'want reply'
            value set to '1'.";
         reference
           "RFC 4254: The Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Protocol";
         leaf max-wait {
           type uint16 {
             range "1..max";
           }
           units "seconds";
           default "30";
           description
             "Sets the amount of time in seconds after which
              an SSH-level message will be sent to test the
              aliveness of the SSH client if no data has been
              received from the SSH client.";
         }
         leaf max-attempts {
           type uint8;
           default "3";
           description
             "Sets the maximum number of sequential keepalive
              messages that can fail to obtain a response from
              the SSH client before assuming the SSH client is
              no longer alive.";
         }
       }
     } // grouping ssh-server-grouping

   }
   <CODE ENDS>

5.  Security Considerations

   The three IETF YANG modules in this document define groupings and
   will not be deployed as standalone modules.  Their security
   implications may be context-dependent based on their use in other
   modules.  The designers of modules that import these groupings must
   conduct their own analysis of the security considerations.

5.1.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" YANG module defines a data model
   that is designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols,
   such as NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols
   have mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure
   Shell (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and
   mandatory-to-implement mutual authentication

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   This YANG module defines YANG enumerations for a public IANA-
   maintained registry.

   YANG enumerations are not security-sensitive, as they are statically
   defined in the publicly accessible YANG module.  IANA MAY deprecate
   and/or obsolete enumerations over time as needed to address security
   issues found in the algorithms.

   This module does not define any writable nodes, RPCs, actions, or
   notifications, and thus, the security considerations for such are not
   provided here.

5.2.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" YANG module defines a data model that
   is designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such
   as NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   This YANG module defines YANG enumerations for a public IANA-
   maintained registry.

   YANG enumerations are not security-sensitive, as they are statically
   defined in the publicly accessible YANG module.

   This module does not define any writable nodes, RPCs, actions, or
   notifications, and thus, the security considerations for such are not
   provided here.

5.3.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "iana-ssh-mac-algs" YANG module defines a data model that is
   designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such as
   NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   This YANG module defines YANG enumerations for a public IANA-
   maintained registry.

   YANG enumerations are not security-sensitive, as they are statically
   defined in the publicly accessible YANG module.

   This module does not define any writable nodes, RPCs, actions, or
   notifications, and thus, the security considerations for such are not
   provided here.

5.4.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" YANG module defines a data model that
   is designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such
   as NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   This YANG module defines YANG enumerations for a public IANA-
   maintained registry.

   YANG enumerations are not security-sensitive, as they are statically
   defined in the publicly accessible YANG module.

   This module does not define any writable nodes, RPCs, actions, or
   notifications, and thus, the security considerations for such are not
   provided here.

5.5.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-common" YANG Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "ietf-ssh-common" YANG module defines a data model that is
   designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such as
   NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   Please be aware that this YANG module uses groupings from other YANG
   modules that define nodes that may be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in network environments.  Please review the security
   considerations for dependent YANG modules for information as to which
   nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in network
   environments.

   None of the readable data nodes defined in this YANG module are
   considered sensitive or vulnerable in network environments.  The NACM
   "default-deny-all" extension has not been set for any data nodes
   defined in this module.

   None of the writable data nodes defined in this YANG module are
   considered sensitive or vulnerable in network environments.  The NACM
   "default-deny-write" extension has not been set for any data nodes
   defined in this module.

   This module defines the "generate-asymmetric-key-pair" RPC, which
   may, if the "ct:cleartext-private-keys" feature is enabled and the
   client requests it, return the private clear in cleartext form.  It
   is NOT RECOMMENDED for private keys to pass the server's security
   perimeter.

   This module does not define any actions or notifications, and thus,
   the security considerations for such are not provided here.

5.6.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-client" YANG Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "ietf-ssh-client" YANG module defines "grouping" statements that
   are designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such
   as NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   Please be aware that this YANG module uses groupings from other YANG
   modules that define nodes that may be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in network environments.  Please review the security
   considerations for dependent YANG modules for information as to which
   nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in network
   environments.

   One readable data node defined in this YANG module may be considered
   sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  This node is
   as follows:

   *  The "client-identity/password" node:

         The cleartext "password" node defined in the "ssh-client-
         grouping" grouping is additionally sensitive to read operations
         such that, in normal use cases, it should never be returned to
         a client.  For this reason, the NACM extension "default-deny-
         all" has been applied to it.

   All the writable data nodes defined by this module may be considered
   sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  For instance,
   any modification to a key or reference to a key may dramatically
   alter the implemented security policy.  For this reason, the NACM
   extension "default-deny-write" has been set for all data nodes
   defined in this module.

   This module does not define any RPCs, actions, or notifications, and
   thus, the security considerations for such are not provided here.

5.7.  Considerations for the "ietf-ssh-server" YANG Module

   This section is modeled after the template defined in Section 3.7.1
   of [RFC8407].

   The "ietf-ssh-server" YANG module defines "grouping" statements that
   are designed to be accessed via YANG-based management protocols, such
   as NETCONF [RFC6241] and RESTCONF [RFC8040].  These protocols have
   mandatory-to-implement secure transport layers (e.g., Secure Shell
   (SSH) [RFC4252], TLS [RFC8446], and QUIC [RFC9000]) and mandatory-to-
   implement mutual authentication.

   The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
   provides the means to restrict access for particular users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available protocol operations and
   content.

   Please be aware that this YANG module uses groupings from other YANG
   modules that define nodes that may be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in network environments.  Please review the security
   considerations for dependent YANG modules for information as to which
   nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in network
   environments.

   None of the readable data nodes defined in this YANG module are
   considered sensitive or vulnerable in network environments.  The NACM
   "default-deny-all" extension has not been set for any data nodes
   defined in this module.

   All the writable data nodes defined by this module may be considered
   sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  For instance,
   the addition or removal of references to keys, certificates, trusted
   anchors, etc., or even the modification of transport or keepalive
   parameters can dramatically alter the implemented security policy.
   For this reason, the NACM extension "default-deny-write" has been set
   for all data nodes defined in this module.

   This module does not define any RPCs, actions, or notifications, and
   thus, the security considerations for such are not provided here.

6.  IANA Considerations

6.1.  The IETF XML Registry

   IANA has registered seven URIs in the "ns" registry of the "IETF XML
   Registry" [RFC3688] as follows.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-encryption-algs
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-mac-algs
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-public-key-algs
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-client
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-server
   Registrant Contact:  The IESG
   XML:  N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

6.2.  The YANG Module Names Registry

   IANA has registered seven YANG modules in the "YANG Module Names"
   registry [RFC6020] as follows.

   Name:  iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs
   Prefix:  sshkea
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  iana-ssh-encryption-algs
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-encryption-algs
   Prefix:  sshea
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  iana-ssh-mac-algs
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-mac-algs
   Prefix:  sshma
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  iana-ssh-public-key-algs
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-public-key-algs
   Prefix:  sshpka
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  ietf-ssh-common
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-common
   Prefix:  sshcmn
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  ietf-ssh-client
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-client
   Prefix:  sshc
   Reference:  RFC 9644

   Name:  ietf-ssh-server
   Namespace:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ssh-server
   Prefix:  sshs
   Reference:  RFC 9644

6.3.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" Module

   This section follows the template defined in Section 4.30.3.1 of
   [YANG-GUIDE].

   This document presents a script (see Appendix A) for IANA to use to
   generate the IANA-maintained "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" YANG module.
   The most recent version of the YANG module is available in the "YANG
   Parameters" registry group [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS].

   IANA has added the following note to the registry:

   |  New values must not be directly added to the "iana-ssh-encryption-
   |  algs" YANG module.  They must instead be added to the "Encryption
   |  Algorithm Names" registry of the "Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
   |  Parameters" registry group [IANA-ENC-ALGS].

   When a value is added to the "Encryption Algorithm Names" registry, a
   new "enum" statement must be added to the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs"
   YANG module.  The "enum" statement, and substatements thereof, should
   be defined as follows:

   enum
      Replicates a name from the registry.

   value
      Contains the decimal value of the IANA-assigned value.

   status
      Include only if a registration has been deprecated or obsoleted.
      An IANA "Note" containing the word "HISTORIC" maps to YANG status
      "obsolete".  Since the registry is unable to express a "SHOULD
      NOT" recommendation, there is no mapping to YANG status
      "deprecated".

   description
      Contains "Enumeration for the 'foo-bar' algorithm.", where "foo-
      bar" is a placeholder for the algorithm's name (e.g., "3des-cbc").

   reference
      Replicates the reference(s) from the registry with the title of
      the document(s) added.

   Unassigned or reserved values are not present in the module.

   When the "iana-ssh-encryption-algs" YANG module is updated, a new
   "revision" statement with a unique revision date must be added in
   front of the existing revision statements.  The "revision" must have
   a "description" statement explaining why the update occurred and must
   have a "reference" substatement that points to the document defining
   the registry update that resulted in this change.  For instance:

   revision 2024-02-02 {
       description
         "This update reflects the update made to the underlying
          Foo Bar registry per RFC XXXX.";
     reference
         "RFC XXXX: Extend the Foo Bars Registry
                    to Support Something Important";
   }

   IANA has added the following note to the "Encryption Algorithm Names"
   registry.

   |  When this registry is modified, the YANG module "iana-ssh-
   |  encryption-algs" [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS] must be updated as defined
   |  in RFC 9644.

6.4.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" Module

   This section follows the template defined in Section 4.30.3.1 of
   [YANG-GUIDE].

   This document presents a script (see Appendix A) for IANA to use to
   generate the IANA-maintained "iana-ssh-mac-algs" YANG module.  The
   most recent version of the YANG module is available in the "YANG
   Parameters" registry group [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS].

   IANA has added the following note to the registry:

   |  New values must not be directly added to the "iana-ssh-mac-algs"
   |  YANG module.  They must instead be added to the "MAC Algorithm
   |  Names" registry of the "Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Parameters"
   |  registry group [IANA-MAC-ALGS].

   When a value is added to the "MAC Algorithm Names" registry, a new
   "enum" statement must be added to the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" YANG
   module.  The "enum" statement, and substatements thereof, should be
   defined as follows:

   enum
      Replicates a name from the registry.

   value
      Contains the decimal value of the IANA-assigned value.

   status
      Include only if a registration has been deprecated or obsoleted.

   description
      Contains "Enumeration for the 'foo-bar' algorithm.", where "foo-
      bar" is a placeholder for the algorithm's name (e.g., "3des-cbc").

   reference
      Replicates the reference(s) from the registry with the title of
      the document(s) added.

   Unassigned or reserved values are not present in the module.

   When the "iana-ssh-mac-algs" YANG module is updated, a new "revision"
   statement with a unique revision date must be added in front of the
   existing revision statements.  The "revision" must have a
   "description" statement explaining why the update occurred and must
   have a "reference" substatement that points to the document defining
   the registry update that resulted in this change.  For instance:

   revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "This update reflects the update made to the underlying
          Foo Bar registry per RFC XXXX.";
     reference
         "RFC XXXX: Extend the Foo Bars Registry
                    to Support Something Important";
   }

   IANA has added the following note to the "MAC Algorithm Names"
   registry.

   |  When this registry is modified, the YANG module "iana-ssh-mac-
   |  algs" [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS] must be updated as defined in RFC
   |  9644.

6.5.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" Module

   This section follows the template defined in Section 4.30.3.1 of
   [YANG-GUIDE].

   This document presents a script (see Appendix A) for IANA to use to
   generate the IANA-maintained "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" YANG module.
   The most recent version of the YANG module is available in the "YANG
   Parameters" registry group [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS].

   IANA has added the following note to the registry:

   |  New values must not be directly added to the "iana-ssh-public-key-
   |  algs" YANG module.  They must instead be added to the "Public Key
   |  Algorithm Names" registry of the "Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
   |  Parameters" registry group [IANA-PUBKEY-ALGS].

   When a value is added to the "Public Key Algorithm Names" registry, a
   new "enum" statement must be added to the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs"
   YANG module.  The "enum" statement, and substatements thereof, should
   be defined as follows:

   enum
      Replicates a name from the registry.

   value
      Contains the decimal value of the IANA-assigned value.

   status
      Include only if a registration has been deprecated or obsoleted.

   description
      Contains "Enumeration for the 'foo-bar' algorithm.", where "foo-
      bar" is a placeholder for the algorithm's name (e.g., "3des-cbc").

   reference
      Replicates the reference(s) from the registry with the title of
      the document(s) added.

   In the case that the algorithm name ends with "-*", the family of
   enumerations must be added.  The family of enum algorithm names are
   generated by replacing the "*" character with these strings:
   "nistp256", "nistp384", "nistp521", "1.3.132.0.1",
   "1.2.840.10045.3.1.1", "1.3.132.0.33", "1.3.132.0.26",
   "1.3.132.0.27", "1.3.132.0.16", "1.3.132.0.36", "1.3.132.0.37", and
   "1.3.132.0.38".

   Unassigned or reserved values are not present in the module.

   When the "iana-ssh-public-key-algs" YANG module is updated, a new
   "revision" statement with a unique revision date must be added in
   front of the existing revision statements.  The "revision" must have
   a "description" statement explaining why the update occurred and must
   have a "reference" substatement that points to the document defining
   the registry update that resulted in this change.  For instance:

   revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "This update reflects the update made to the underlying
          Foo Bar registry per RFC XXXX.";
     reference
         "RFC XXXX: Extend the Foo Bars Registry
                    to Support Something Important";
   }

   IANA has added the following note to the "Public Key Algorithm Names"
   registry.

   |  When this registry is modified, the YANG module "iana-ssh-public-
   |  key-algs" [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS] must be updated as defined in RFC
   |  9644.

6.6.  Considerations for the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" Module

   This section follows the template defined in Section 4.30.3.1 of
   [YANG-GUIDE].

   This document presents a script (see Appendix A) for IANA to use to
   generate the IANA-maintained "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" YANG
   module.  The most recent version of the YANG module is available in
   the "YANG Parameters" registry group [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS].

   IANA has added the following note to the registry:

   |  New values must not be directly added to the "iana-ssh-key-
   |  exchange-algs" YANG module.  They must instead be added to the
   |  "Key Exchange Method Names" registry of the "Secure Shell (SSH)
   |  Protocol Parameters" registry group [IANA-KEYEX-ALGS].

   When a value is added to the "Key Exchange Method Names" registry, a
   new "enum" statement must be added to the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-
   algs" YANG module.  The "enum" statement, and substatements thereof,
   should be defined as follows:

   enum
      Replicates a name from the registry.

   value
      Contains the decimal value of the IANA-assigned value.

   status
      Include only if a registration has been deprecated or obsoleted.
      An IANA "OK to Implement" containing "SHOULD NOT" maps to YANG
      status "deprecated".  An IANA "OK to Implement" containing "MUST
      NOT" maps to YANG status "obsolete".

   description
      Contains "Enumeration for the 'foo-bar' algorithm.", where "foo-
      bar" is a placeholder for the algorithm's name (e.g., "3des-cbc").

   reference
      Replicates the reference(s) from the registry with the title of
      the document(s) added.

   In the case that the algorithm name ends with "-*", the family of
   enumerations must be added.  The family of enum algorithm names are
   generated by replacing the "*" character with these strings:
   "nistp256", "nistp384", "nistp521", "1.3.132.0.1",
   "1.2.840.10045.3.1.1", "1.3.132.0.33", "1.3.132.0.26",
   "1.3.132.0.27", "1.3.132.0.16", "1.3.132.0.36", "1.3.132.0.37", and
   "1.3.132.0.38".

   Unassigned or reserved values are not present in the module.

   When the "iana-ssh-key-exchange-algs" YANG module is updated, a new
   "revision" statement with a unique revision date must be added in
   front of the existing revision statements.  The "revision" must have
   a "description" statement explaining why the update occurred, and
   must have a "reference" substatement that points to the document
   defining the registry update that resulted in this change.  For
   instance:

   revision 2024-10-10 {
       description
         "This update reflects the update made to the underlying
          Foo Bar registry per RFC XXXX.";
     reference
         "RFC XXXX: Extend the Foo Bars Registry
                    to Support Something Important";
   }

   IANA has added the following note to the "Key Exchange Method Names"
   registry.

   |  When this registry is modified, the YANG module "iana-ssh-key-
   |  exchange-algs" [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS] must be updated as defined
   |  in RFC 9644.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC4250]  Lehtinen, S. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH)
              Protocol Assigned Numbers", RFC 4250,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4250, January 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4250>.

   [RFC4251]  Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH)
              Protocol Architecture", RFC 4251, DOI 10.17487/RFC4251,
              January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4251>.

   [RFC4252]  Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH)
              Authentication Protocol", RFC 4252, DOI 10.17487/RFC4252,
              January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4252>.

   [RFC4253]  Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH)
              Transport Layer Protocol", RFC 4253, DOI 10.17487/RFC4253,
              January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4253>.

   [RFC4254]  Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH)
              Connection Protocol", RFC 4254, DOI 10.17487/RFC4254,
              January 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4254>.

   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC6187]  Igoe, K. and D. Stebila, "X.509v3 Certificates for Secure
              Shell Authentication", RFC 6187, DOI 10.17487/RFC6187,
              March 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6187>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6242]  Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
              Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.

   [RFC6991]  Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
              RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.

   [RFC7317]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "A YANG Data Model for
              System Management", RFC 7317, DOI 10.17487/RFC7317, August
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7317>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8341]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.

   [RFC8446]  Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
              Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.

   [RFC9000]  Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
              Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9000>.

   [RFC9640]  Watsen, K., "YANG Data Types and Groupings for
              Cryptography", RFC 9640, DOI 10.17487/RFC9640, October
              2024, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9640>.

   [RFC9641]  Watsen, K., "A YANG Data Model for a Truststore",
              RFC 9641, DOI 10.17487/RFC9641, October 2024,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9641>.

   [RFC9642]  Watsen, K., "A YANG Data Model for a Keystore", RFC 9642,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9642, October 2024,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9642>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [FIPS_186-5]
              NIST, "Digital Signature Standard (DSS)", FIPS PUB 186-5,
              DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.186-5, February 2023,
              <https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/186-5/final>.

   [HTTP-CLIENT-SERVER]
              Watsen, K., "YANG Groupings for HTTP Clients and HTTP
              Servers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              netconf-http-client-server-23, 15 August 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
              http-client-server-23>.

   [IANA-ENC-ALGS]
              IANA, "Encryption Algorithm Names",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/>.

   [IANA-KEYEX-ALGS]
              IANA, "Key Exchange Method Names",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters>.

   [IANA-MAC-ALGS]
              IANA, "MAC Algorithm Names",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters>.

   [IANA-PUBKEY-ALGS]
              IANA, "Public Key Algorithm Names",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/>.

   [IANA-YANG-PARAMETERS]
              IANA, "YANG Parameters",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/yang-parameters>.

   [NETCONF-CLIENT-SERVER]
              Watsen, K., "NETCONF Client and Server Models", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-
              client-server-37, 14 August 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
              netconf-client-server-37>.

   [RESTCONF-CLIENT-SERVER]
              Watsen, K., "RESTCONF Client and Server Models", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-
              client-server-38, 14 August 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
              restconf-client-server-38>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC8071]  Watsen, K., "NETCONF Call Home and RESTCONF Call Home",
              RFC 8071, DOI 10.17487/RFC8071, February 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8071>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8340]  Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
              BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.

   [RFC8342]  Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
              and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
              (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.

   [RFC8407]  Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of
              Documents Containing YANG Data Models", BCP 216, RFC 8407,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8407, October 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8407>.

   [RFC8792]  Watsen, K., Auerswald, E., Farrel, A., and Q. Wu,
              "Handling Long Lines in Content of Internet-Drafts and
              RFCs", RFC 8792, DOI 10.17487/RFC8792, June 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8792>.

   [RFC9643]  Watsen, K. and M. Scharf, "YANG Groupings for TCP Clients
              and TCP Servers", RFC 9643, DOI 10.17487/RFC9643, October
              2024, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9643>.

   [RFC9645]  Watsen, K., "YANG Groupings for TLS Clients and TLS
              Servers", RFC 9645, DOI 10.17487/RFC9645, October 2024,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9645>.

   [SYSTEM-CONFIG]
              Ma, Q., Wu, Q., and C. Feng, "System-defined
              Configuration", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-netmod-system-config-09, 29 September 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netmod-
              system-config-09>.

   [W3C.REC-xml-20081126]
              Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C.M., Maler, E.,
              and F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
              (Fifth Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium
              Recommendation REC-xml-20081126, November 2008,
              <https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/>.

   [YANG-GUIDE]
              Bierman, A., Boucadair, M., and Q. Wu, "Guidelines for
              Authors and Reviewers of Documents Containing YANG Data
              Models", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              netmod-rfc8407bis-17, 27 September 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netmod-
              rfc8407bis-17>.

Appendix A.  Script to Generate IANA-Maintained YANG Modules

   This section is not normative.

   The Python <https://www.python.org> script contained in this section
   will create the four IANA-maintained modules that are described (but
   not contained) in this document.

   Run the script using the command "python gen-yang-modules.py" to
   produce four YANG module files in the current directory.

   Be aware that the script does not attempt to copy the "revision"
   statements from the previous/current YANG module.  Copying the
   revision statements must be done manually.

   <CODE BEGINS>
   =============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

   import re
   import csv
   import textwrap
   import requests
   import requests_cache
   from io import StringIO
   from datetime import datetime

   # Metadata for the four YANG modules produced by this script
   MODULES = [
       {
           "csv_url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/\
   ssh-parameters-17.csv",
           "spaced_name": "encryption",
           "hyphenated_name": "encryption",
           "prefix": "sshea",
           "description": """    "This module defines enumerations for \
   the encryption algorithms
        defined in the 'Encryption Algorithm Names' registry of the
        'Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Parameters' registry group
        maintained by IANA.""",
       },
       {
           "csv_url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/\
   ssh-parameters-19.csv",
           "spaced_name": "public key",
           "hyphenated_name": "public-key",
           "prefix": "sshpka",
           "description": """    "This module defines enumerations for \
   the public key algorithms
        defined in the 'Public Key Algorithm Names' registry of the
        'Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Parameters' registry group
        maintained by IANA."""
       },
       {
           "csv_url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/\
   ssh-parameters-18.csv",
           "spaced_name": "mac",
           "hyphenated_name": "mac",
           "prefix": "sshma",
           "description": """    "This module defines enumerations for \
   the MAC algorithms
        defined in the 'MAC Algorithm Names' registry of the
        'Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Parameters' registry group
        maintained by IANA."""
       },
       {
           "csv_url": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/ssh-parameters/\
   ssh-parameters-16.csv",
           "spaced_name": "key exchange",
           "hyphenated_name": "key-exchange",
           "prefix": "sshkea",
           "description": """    "This module defines enumerations for \
   the key exchange algorithms
        defined in the 'Key Exchange Method Names' registry of the
        'Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Parameters' registry group
        maintained by IANA."""
       },
   ]




   def create_module_begin(module, f):

       # Define template for all four modules
       PREAMBLE_TEMPLATE="""
   module iana-ssh-HNAME-algs {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-ssh-HNAME-algs";
     prefix PREFIX;

     organization
       "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)";

     contact
       "Postal: ICANN
                12025 Waterfront Drive, Suite 300
                Los Angeles, CA  90094-2536
                United States of America
        Tel:    +1 310 301 5800
        Email:  iana@iana.org";

     description
   DESCRIPTION

        Copyright (c) YEAR IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
        or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and
        subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised
        BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's
        Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        The initial version of this YANG module is part of RFC 9644
        (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9644); see the RFC
        itself for full legal notices.

        All versions of this module are published by IANA at
        https://www.iana.org/assignments/yang-parameters.";

     revision DATE {
       description
         "This initial version of the module was created using
          the script defined in RFC 9644 to reflect the contents
          of the SNAME algorithms registry maintained by IANA.";
       reference
         "RFC 9644: YANG Groupings for SSH Clients and SSH Servers";
     }

     typedef ssh-HNAME-algorithm {
       type enumeration {
   """
       # Replacements
       rep = {
         "DATE": datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
         "YEAR": datetime.today().strftime('%Y'),
         "SNAME": module["spaced_name"],
         "HNAME": module["hyphenated_name"],
         "PREFIX": module["prefix"],
         "DESCRIPTION": module["description"]
       }

       # Do the replacement
       rep = dict((re.escape(k), v) for k, v in rep.items())
       pattern = re.compile("|".join(rep.keys()))
       text = pattern.sub(lambda m: rep[re.escape(m.group(0))], PREAMBL\
   E_TEMPLATE)

       # Write preamble into the file
       f.write(text)


   def create_module_body(module, f):

       # Fetch the current CSV file from IANA
       r = requests.get(module["csv_url"])
       assert(r.status_code == 200)

       # Ascertain the first CSV column's name
       with StringIO(r.text) as csv_file:
           csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_file)
           for row in csv_reader:
               first_colname = row[0]
               break

       # Parse each CSV line
       with StringIO(r.text) as csv_file:
           csv_reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)
           for row in csv_reader:

               # Extract just the ref
               refs = row["Reference"][1:-1]  # remove the '[' and ']' \
   chars
               refs = refs.split("][")

               # There may be more than one ref
               titles = []
               for ref in refs:

                   # Ascertain the ref's title
                   if ref.startswith("RFC"):

                       # Fetch the current BIBTEX entry
                       bibtex_url="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/"+ \
   ref.lower() + "/bibtex/"
                       r = requests.get(bibtex_url)
                       assert r.status_code == 200, "Could not GET " + \
   bibtex_url

                       # Append to 'titles' value from the "title" line
                       for item in r.text.split("\n"):
                           if "title =" in item:
                               titles.append(re.sub('.*{{(.*)}}.*', r'\\
   g<1>', item))
                               break
                       else:
                           raise Exception("RFC title not found")


                       # Insert a space: "RFCXXXX" --> "RFC XXXX"
                       index = refs.index(ref)
                       refs[index] = "RFC " + ref[3:]

                   elif ref.startswith("FIPS"):
                       # Special case for FIPS, since no bibtex to fetch
                       if ref == "FIPS 46-3" or ref == "FIPS-46-3":
                           titles.append("Data Encryption Standard (DES\
   )")
                       else:
                           raise Exception("FIPS ref not found")

                   else:
                       raise Exception("ref not found")

               # Function used below
               def write_enumeration(alg):
                   f.write('\n')
                   f.write(f'      enum {alg} {{\n')
                   if "HISTORIC" in row["Note"]:
                       f.write(f'        status obsolete;\n')
                   elif "OK to Implement" in row:
                       if "MUST NOT" in row["OK to Implement"]:
                           f.write(f'        status obsolete;\n')
                       elif "SHOULD NOT" in row["OK to Implement"]:
                           f.write(f'        status deprecated;\n')
                   f.write(f'        description\n')
                   description = f'          "Enumeration for the \'{al\
   g}\' algorithm.'
                   if "Section" in row["Note"]:
                       description += " " + row["Note"]
                   description += '";'
                   description = textwrap.fill(description, width=69, s\
   ubsequent_indent="           ")
                   f.write(f'{description}\n')
                   f.write('        reference\n')
                   f.write('          "')
                   if row["Reference"] == "":
                       f.write('    Missing in IANA registry.')
                   else:
                       ref_len = len(refs)
                       for i in range(ref_len):
                           ref = refs[i]
                           f.write(f'{ref}:\n')
                           title = "             " + titles[i]
                           if i == ref_len - 1:
                               title += '";'
                           title = textwrap.fill(title, width=67, subse\
   quent_indent="             ")
                           f.write(f'{title}')
                           if i != ref_len - 1:
                               f.write('\n       ')
                   f.write('\n')
                   f.write('      }\n')


               # Write one or more "enumeration" statements
               if not row[first_colname].endswith("-*"): # just one enu\
   meration
                   # Avoid duplicate entries caused by the "ecdh-sha2-*\
   " family expansion
                   if not row[first_colname].startswith("ecdh-sha2-nist\
   p"):
                       write_enumeration(row[first_colname])
               else: # a family of enumerations
                   curve_ids = [
                       "nistp256",
                       "nistp384",
                       "nistp521",
                       "1.3.132.0.1",
                       "1.2.840.10045.3.1.1",
                       "1.3.132.0.33",
                       "1.3.132.0.26",
                       "1.3.132.0.27",
                       "1.3.132.0.16",
                       "1.3.132.0.36",
                       "1.3.132.0.37",
                       "1.3.132.0.38",
                   ]
                   for curve_id in curve_ids:
                       write_enumeration(row[first_colname][:-1] + curv\
   e_id)


   def create_module_end(module, f):

       # Close out the enumeration, typedef, and module
       f.write("    }\n")
       f.write("    description\n")
       f.write(f'      "An enumeration for SSH {module["spaced_name"]} \
   algorithms.";\n')
       f.write("  }\n")
       f.write('\n')
       f.write('}\n')


   def create_module(module):

       # Install cache for 8x speedup
       requests_cache.install_cache()

       # Ascertain YANG module's name
       yang_module_name = "iana-ssh-" + module["hyphenated_name"] + "-a\
   lgs.yang"

       # Create YANG module file
       with open(yang_module_name, "w") as f:
           create_module_begin(module, f)
           create_module_body(module, f)
           create_module_end(module, f)


   def main():
       for module in MODULES:
           create_module(module)


   if __name__ == "__main__":
       main()
   <CODE ENDS>

Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank the following for lively discussions
   on list and in the halls (ordered by first name): Alan Luchuk, Andy
   Bierman, Balázs Kovács, Barry Leiba, Benoit Claise, Bert Wijnen,
   David Lamparter, Elwyn Davies, Gary Wu, Jürgen Schönwälder, Ladislav
   Lhotka, Liang Xia, Martin Björklund, Martin Thomson, Mehmet Ersue,
   Michal Vaško, Murray Kucherawy, Paul Wouters, Per Andersson, Phil
   Shafer, Qin Wun, Radek Krejci, Rob Wilton, Roman Danyliw, Russ
   Housley, Sean Turner, Thomas Martin, Tom Petch, and Warren Kumari.

Contributors

   Special acknowledgement goes to Gary Wu for his work on the "ietf-
   ssh-common" module.

Author's Address

   Kent Watsen
   Watsen Networks
   Email: kent+ietf@watsen.net