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+Network Working Group                            S.E. Hardcastle-Kille
+Requests for Comments 1275                   University College London
+                                                         November 1991
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+Replication Requirements to provide an Internet Directory using X.500
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+Status of this Memo
+    This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It
+    does not specify an Internet standard.  Distribution of this memo
+    is unlimited.
+Abstract
+
+    This RFCconsiders certain deficiencies of the 1988 X.500
+    standard, which need to be addressed before an effective open
+    Internet Directory can be established using these protocols and
+    services [CCI88].  The only areas considered are primary
+    problems, to which solutions must be found before a pilot can be
+    deployed.  This RFCconcerns itself with deficiencies which can
+    only be addressed by use of additional protocol or procedures for
+    distributed operation.
+
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+RFC 1275            Replication Requirements             November 1991
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+1  Distributed Operation Extensions
+
+The Internet Directory will operate DSAs over TCP/IP using RFC 1006
+[RC87], and DSAs over the an ISO Network Service.  Distributed
+operation procedures should not require full connectivity.
+
+
+2  Knowledge Replication
+
+Knowledge information is critical to resolution of names, and
+performing searches.  Knowledge information high up the tree needs to
+be widely available.  Consider resolving a name below ``Country=US''.
+To do this, a DSA needs to have full knowledge at this point.  Many
+DSAs need to be able to do this, in order to give reasonable response
+and availability.  It would be an unacceptable bottleneck to force
+such resolution to a single or small number of DSAs.  To replicate
+this knowledge widely, a systematic approach to replication is needed.
+
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+3  Data Replication
+
+Searches are often made at the root and country level, and this is a
+vital service (e.g., an approximate match of an organisation name).
+Data needs to be collected in such a way that this sort of searching
+is reasonably efficient.  The usual X.500 approach of subordinate
+references militates against this.  At a node in the DIT, subordinate
+references to the entries below are held.  These entries will be in
+many DSAs, each of which needs to be accessed in order to perform the
+single level search.  It is suggested that replication of data is
+necessary to achieve this.
+
+The major requirement for this replication is high up the DIT, where
+information must be replicated between different implementations.  At
+lower levels of the DIT, it is reasonable for DSAs to be of the same
+implementation and to use implementation specific techniques in order
+to achieve performance and availability.
+
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+4  Alternate DSAs
+
+When a DSA Referral is returned, only the master DSA is indicated.
+This will lead to a single point of failure.  It seems important to
+allow for additional references to slave copies, in order to get
+
+
+Hardcastle-Kille                                                Page 1
+
+
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+RFC 1275            Replication Requirements             November 1991
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+better availability.  This needs to be solved in conjunction with the
+problem described in the previous section.
+
+
+5  Guidelines for use of Replication
+
+To be effective, the replication specification needs to provide
+guidelines for deployment in the pilot, in order to meet the desired
+service criteria.
+
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+6  Some scaling targets
+
+Most techniques for replication have scaling limits.  It is important
+that mechanisms used do not stress the limits of the mechanism.  The
+order of magnitude envisioned in the pilot is 100 000 non-leaf entries
+and several million leaf entries.
+
+
+References
+
+[CCI88] The Directory --- overview of concepts, models and services,
+        December 1988. CCITT X.500 Series Recommendations.
+
+[RC87]  Marshall T. Rose and Dwight E. Cass. ISO Transport Services
+        on top of the TCP. Request for Comments 1006, Northrop
+        Corporation Technology Center, May 1987.
+
+
+7  Security Considerations
+
+Security considerations are not discussed in this memo.
+
+
+8  Author's Address
+
+    Steve Hardcastle-Kille
+    Department of Computer Science
+    University College London
+    Gower Street
+    WC1E 6BT
+    England
+
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+Hardcastle-Kille                                                Page 2
+
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+RFC 1275            Replication Requirements             November 1991
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+    Phone:  +44-71-380-7294
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+    EMail:  S.Kille@CS.UCL.AC.UK
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+Hardcastle-Kille                                                Page 3
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