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+Network Working Group                                            C. Yang
+Request for Comments: 1789                     University of North Texas
+Category: Informational                                       April 1995
+
+
+         INETPhone: Telephone Services and Servers on Internet
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+IESG Note
+
+   Internet Engineering Steering Group comment from the Transport Area
+   Director: Please note well that this memo is an individual product of
+   the author.  Work on standards and technology related to this topic
+   is additionally taking place in the IETF in the Multiparty MUltimedia
+   SessIon Control Working Group (MMUSIC).
+
+Abstract
+
+   INETPhone is a true telephone service through the Internet. It
+   integrates the local telephone networks and the Internet using
+   INETPhone servers. Thus a long distance call can be split into two
+   local calls and an Internet connection, which is transparent to end
+   users. Such a phone service through Internet will be a major step
+   towards integrated services on Internet. In order to support the
+   INETPhone and lay down the ground rules of the service, a scheme of
+   "open partnership" is proposed, so that the entire Internet community
+   can have the equal opportunity and benefits from the INETPhone
+   service.
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   The success of traditional Internet services, such as the electronic
+   mail, the file transfer, and the remote machine access, has inspired
+   a row of new network applications -- the world-wide information web,
+   voice and video conferencing, and network telemarketing are just a
+   few to mention.  With the further development in infrastructure and
+   the architecture of integrated, multimedia information services
+   [1,2,3], certainly the Internet will play a crucial role in shaping
+   up the future of so-called information super-highway.
+
+   Among many new applications, the voice communication through Internet
+   bears perhaps the most potential impact, since it competes directly
+   with the telephone communication, which has become an indispensable
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 1]
+
+RFC 1789       Telephone Service and Servers on Internet      April 1995
+
+
+   part of the modern society.  Recently, many software packages are
+   available, either commercially or as public free-ware, which supports
+   voice communication on Internet.  Some of these products are targeted
+   directly as possible substitution for long distance telephone
+   services.  However, so far, all such products only support voice
+   communications using a computer that is on the Internet or is
+   connected, via a SLIP link, to the Internet [4].
+
+   This RFC presents a true telephone service, called INETPhone, which
+   supports voice communication through the Internet.  INETPhone
+   integrates the local phone network with the Internet. The phone
+   network provides local access of INETPhone service with the existing
+   telephone facilities, whereas the Internet delivers the packets of
+   voice communication over long distances.  The service of INETPhone is
+   illustrated by the following scenario.  Assuming a user at area A
+   wants to call another user in area B. The user first makes a local
+   call to an INETPhone server in area A. After the connection, the user
+   keys in the remote phone number in area B to the server. Then the
+   server in area A makes a connection to another INETPhone server in
+   area B, and requests the remote server to dial, as a local call, the
+   phone number in area B. Therefore, a long distance phone connection
+   between users in area A and B is established via two local phone
+   connections and one Internet connection between two INETPhone
+   servers.
+
+   The INETPhone provides a general service of voice communication on
+   Internet compatible to the existing telephone service.  The
+   motivation in developing and experimenting the INETPhone service can
+   be two-folds: on the one hand, a general telephone service on the
+   Internet will be a major step towards integrated services on Internet
+   and a great challenge to the future development of Internet
+   infrastructure and protocol architecture; on the other hand, the
+   entire Internet community can take the advantage from the cheap and
+   convenient voice communication of the INETPhone service.
+
+2. Design Philosophy
+
+   The design philosophy of the INETPhone differs from the most of
+   current voice communication services on Internet in three basic
+   aspects: integrating the existing telephone networks with the
+   Internet; using the INETPhone servers to carry out the task of voice
+   packet delivery on Internet; and an open-partnership of establishing
+   the INETPhone service on Internet.  The discussion of each of these
+   aspects is given as follows.
+
+   The conventional telephone service is the most popular and convenient
+   means for voice communication across distances. Any serious effort to
+   integrate voice communication on the Internet should take the full
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 2]
+
+RFC 1789       Telephone Service and Servers on Internet      April 1995
+
+
+   advantage of this well-established service.  The INETPhone bridges
+   the existing telephone network with the Internet, so that the access
+   of the INETPhone service will be totally based on the local phone
+   services and facilities. This will lead to a much easier access and
+   broader user population than the approaches of computer-based access.
+
+   The INETPhone service is based on the client-server model, in which a
+   group of INETPhone servers are responsible for accepting/initiating
+   local calls and deliverying voice packets across the Internet.  The
+   general users (as clients) can easily access the service through a
+   conventional phone with a local call. The creation of such INETPhone
+   servers eases the burden from general users, and provides services of
+   voice communication on the Internet in a more efficient and
+   manageable manner.
+
+   Hundreds even thousands of INETPhone servers will be required for the
+   wide coverage of INETPhone services on the Internet (to cover all
+   areas within US, at least one server needs to be installed in each
+   area of phone area code).  Instead of letting few industrials
+   monopolize such a service on the Internet, an alternative approach
+   based on an open-partnership scheme of INETPhone service is proposed
+   (see Section 5), which will give equal opportunity and benefits to
+   the entire Internet community.
+
+3. INETPhone Servers
+
+   The central components of the INETPhone service are its servers on
+   Internet.  The server acts as a gateway between the telephone network
+   and the Internet.  For this purpose, the server will have both
+   interfaces to a computer network and the telephone network.
+   Currently, there are many commercial telephone interface cards
+   available on the market (such as Dialogic's Voice Boards [5]), which
+   support various telephone operations of detecting/generating
+   telephone signals (ring, DTMF, etc. [6]), receiving/initiating phone
+   calls, recording (digitizing and compressing) or playing back audio
+   signals, and monitoring the progress of a phone call.
+
+   With the support of necessary hardware interfaces, the function of an
+   INETPhone server includes:
+
+     (a) Receive a local call or accept a connection from a remote
+         server;
+
+     (b) Identify the PIN of a local call and determine if to proceed
+         the call or not;
+
+     (c) Accept a phone number for remote dialing from a local call;
+
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 3]
+
+RFC 1789       Telephone Service and Servers on Internet      April 1995
+
+
+     (d) Look up the local directory for a remote server of a
+         requested call;
+
+     (e) Make a connection to a remote server;
+
+     (f) Make a local phone call upon the request of a remote server;
+
+     (g) Maintain full-duplex, real-time exchanges of voice packets
+         via Internet;
+
+     (h) Maintain information exchanges with Directory Servers (see
+         Section 4);
+
+     (i) Handle exceptional conditions, such as long delay or drop of
+         voice packets;
+
+     (j) Monitor quality of service and keep accounting information.
+
+   The above listed functions represent probably the minimal
+   requirements for each INETPhone server. Some further important
+   features, such as compression/decompression, security, multicasting,
+   and voice mail need also to be considered when a real service of
+   INETPhone is launched on the Internet.  Since a general public of the
+   Internet community might be involved in this proposed INETPhone
+   service, it is probably necessary to set an open standard in the
+   building of INETPhone servers (see Section 5).
+
+4. Directory Servers
+
+   The main philosophy behind the INETPhone service is to reduce a long
+   distance phone call into two local calls and an Internet connection.
+   Therefore, an INETPhone server will always be identified by its IP
+   address with its local area code of the phone number (also possibly
+   with its sub-regional number).  In order to support a dynamic
+   configuration of INETPhone servers on the Internet, a Directory
+   Server(s) (DS) will be required to map between IP address and area
+   code of INETPhone servers, which in some sense, is similar to the
+   functions of a Name Server (such as the BIND [7]).  After an
+   INETPhone server is installed on the Internet, it needs to register
+   itself with a DS.  The mapping information at DS will be disseminated
+   to INETPhone servers for the search of a remote server in response to
+   a requested phone call.  Local cache of mapping information may also
+   be maintained at INETPhone servers to alleviate communications
+   between INETPhone servers and Directory Server(s).  Again, the
+   function of a Directory Server for the INETPhone may require another
+   open specification.
+
+
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 4]
+
+RFC 1789       Telephone Service and Servers on Internet      April 1995
+
+
+5. Open Partnership
+
+   Voice communication and telephone service are important parts for
+   providing integrated information services over the Internet.  With
+   the current trends of commercialized services over the Internet,
+   sooner or later, some kind of telephone services will be launched on
+   the Internet by some private companies.  On the other hand, the
+   operation of the INETPhone service will depend on the installment of
+   enough INETPhone servers over the Internet, which can be achieved
+   through a cooperative effort of the entire Internet community.  This
+   RFC proposes an open-partnership scheme for the INETPhone service,
+   which provides equal opportunity and benefits to the entire Internet
+   community.
+
+   An outline of the proposed open-partnership scheme is listed as
+   follows:
+
+     (a) Any organization or individual person can join or withdraw
+         from this open-partnership on a voluntary base.
+
+     (b) In order to join the partnership (therefore becoming a member
+         of the partnership), an organization or a person should at
+         least install and maintain an INETPhone server on the
+         Internet with the equal capacity of lines for call-in and
+         dial-out services.
+
+     (c) Each member of the partnership has the equal right to use the
+         INETPhone service through any INETPhone servers on the
+         Internet.  All services will bear the same charges based on
+         the number of bytes transmitted through the Internet and
+         whatever the rate (if any) laid down by the Internet
+         authority.
+
+     (d) A not-for-profit consortium will be formed from the
+         representatives of all members of the partnership. The main
+         task of the consortium is to establish all regulations and
+         specifications of the INETPhone service, and to coordinate
+         the execution of these rules by all the members.
+
+7. Recommendation
+
+   If there is enough interests in the INETPhone service from the
+   Internet community, the IAB may need to consider forming a special
+   task force or working group to further look into the matter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 5]
+
+RFC 1789       Telephone Service and Servers on Internet      April 1995
+
+
+8. References
+
+   [1] Adie, C., "Network Access to Multimedia Information", RFC 1614,
+       Edinburgh University, May 1994.
+
+   [2] Braden, R., Clark, D., and S. Shenker, "Integrated Services in
+       the Internet Architecture: an Overview", RFC 1633, ISI, MIT,
+       Xerox PARC, June 1994.
+
+   [3] Weider, C., and P. Deutsch, "A Vision of an Integrated Internet
+       Information Service", RFC 1727, Bunyip Information Systems,
+       December 1994.
+
+   [4] Walters, R., "Computer Telephone Integration", Artech House
+       Publishers, Norwood, MA, 1994.
+
+   [5] Dialogic Corporation, "Voice Hardware Reference", Parsippany, NJ,
+       1994.
+
+   [6] Noll, M., "Introduction to Telephones and Telephone Systems", 2nd
+       Ed., Artech House Publishers, Norwood, MA, 1991.
+
+   [7] Albitz, P., and C. Liu, "DNS and BIND", O'Reilly & Associates,
+       Sebastopol, Calif., 1992.
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   Security will be an important issue in the INETPhone service.  As a
+   general proposal, however, this RFC chooses to leave this topic for
+   future discussions.
+
+9. Acknowledgement
+
+   This RFC is based on a currently undergoing project supported by the
+   Department of Computer Science, University of North Texas.
+
+10. Author's Address
+
+   Cui-Qing Yang
+   Dept. of Computer Science
+   University of North Texas
+   P.O. Box 13886
+   Denton, TX 76203
+
+   Phone: (817) 565-2822
+   Fax: (817) 565-2799
+   EMail: cqyang@cs.unt.edu
+
+
+
+
+Yang                                                            [Page 6]
+