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+Network Working Group                                         D. Eastlake
+Request for Comments: 2936                                       Motorola
+Category: Informational                                          C. Smith
+                                                     Royal Bank of Canada
+                                                                D. Soroka
+                                                                      IBM
+                                                           September 2000
+
+
+                    HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   Entities composing web pages to provide services over the Hypertext
+   Transfer Protocol (HTTP) frequently have the problem of not knowing
+   what Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) types have handlers
+   installed at a user's browser.  For example, whether an Internet Open
+   Trading Protocol (IOTP) or VRML or SET or some streaming media
+   handler is available.  In some cases they would want to display
+   different web pages or content depending on a MIME handler's
+   availability.  This document summarizes reasonable techniques to
+   solve this problem for most of the browsers actually deployed on the
+   Internet as of early 2000.  It is intended to be of practical use to
+   implementors during the period before the wide deployment of superior
+   standards based techniques which may be developed.
+
+Acknowledegements
+
+   Helpful comments by Tony Lewis of Visa have been incorporated.
+
+
+
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+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1. Introduction.................................................  2
+   2. The HTTP 'Accept' Header.....................................  2
+   3. JavaScript...................................................  3
+   4. ActiveX and the Windows Registry.............................  4
+   5. ECML, The Electronic Commerce Modeling Language..............  4
+   6. Putting It All Together......................................  5
+   7. Future Development...........................................  5
+   8. Security Considerations......................................  5
+   9. IANA Considerations..........................................  6
+   References......................................................  6
+   Appendix A: Browser Version Sniffer Code........................  8
+   Authors' Addresses.............................................. 12
+   Full Copyright Statement........................................ 13
+
+1. Introduction
+
+   Entities composing web pages to provide services over [HTTP]
+   frequently have the problem of not knowing what [MIME] types have
+   handlers installed at a user's browser.  For example, whether an
+   [IOTP] or VRML or [SET] or some streaming media handler is available.
+   In many cases they would want to display different web pages or
+   content depending on a MIME handler's availability.  Sending a
+   response with a MIME type that is not supported frequently results in
+   interrupting the flow of the user experience, browser queries as to
+   what to do with the data being provided, and, of course, failure to
+   provide the behavior that would have occurred had the correct MIME
+   type handler been installed.
+
+   This document describes reasonable techniques to solve this problem
+   for most of the browsers actually deployed on the Internet as of
+   early 2000.  It is intended to be of practical use to implementors
+   during the period before the wide deployment of superior standards
+   based techniques which may be developed.  It is written in terms of
+   determining whether a handler for application/iotp or application/x-
+   iotp exists but is equally applicable to other MIME types.
+
+2. The HTTP 'Accept' Header
+
+   The problem should be solved by the Hyper Text Transport Protocol
+   [HTTP] request "Accept" header which lists accepted [MIME] types.
+   This header is present in both Version 1.0 and 1.1 of HTTP and its
+   content is supposed to be a list of MIME types and subtypes that are
+   accepted.  The only problem is that many browsers just send "*/*" or
+   the like.
+
+
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+   If the particular MIME type you are looking for is specifically
+   present in the Accept header, it is generally safe to assume that a
+   handler for it is actually installed or part of the browser.
+
+   NOTE: Although not part of the main topic of this document, if you
+   are designing MIME type handler software and have access to a browser
+   interface that allows you to request the insertion of the MIME type
+   or types your software handles into the Accept header, you generally
+   should do so.  It will make it easier for servers sensitive to that
+   MIME type to respond correctly.
+
+3. JavaScript
+
+   Most recent browsers support one or more scripting languages of which
+   the most widely deployed is "JavaScript".  These scripting languages
+   appear in web pages and permit the interpretive execution of
+   programming language constructs that can probe the browser
+   environment, conditionally cause different page contents to be
+   displayed, etc.  For example, Appendix A shows JavaScript available
+   from the Netscape web site for determining what operating system,
+   browser, and version on which a web page is appearing.
+
+   NOTE: JavaScript is a trademark of SUN Microsystems, Inc.  It was
+   originally called LiveScript.  It has nothing to do with the Java
+   language.
+
+   The syntax for script use appears to be a Hyper Text Markup Language
+   (HTML) comment so that browsers that do not support scripting will
+   ignore such items.  That is, script use is preceded by "<!--" and
+   terminated by "-->".  The following is a simple example of
+   conditional execution of parts of a web page based on JavaScript MIME
+   type handler detection.
+
+   <SCRIPT LANGUAGE=JAVASCRIPT>
+   <!-- hide it
+   if (navigator.mimeTypes && navigator.mimeTypes.length > 0) {
+     if ( navigator.mimeTypes["application/iotp"] ||
+          navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-iotp"]) {
+       // here if IOTP handler exists
+       }
+     else {
+       // here if IOTP handler does not exist
+       }
+     }
+   // end and hide -->
+   </SCRIPT>
+
+
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+4. ActiveX and the Windows Registry
+
+   If running on Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer version 3 or 4, it
+   is necessary to query the Windows Registry to determine local MIME
+   type support.  Although these broswers support JavaScript, in v3 the
+   mimeTypes array is not present and in v4 the mimeTypes array is
+   present but always empty.  For example, executing the following code
+   will test for support of the IOTP types:
+
+   CString iotpString, xiotpString;
+   char* Key, Keyx;
+
+      int rc, rcx;
+      iotpString =
+   "SOFTWARE\Classes\MIME\Database\Content Type\application/iotp";
+      xiotpString =
+   "SOFTWARE\Classes\MIME\Database\Content Type\application/x-iotp";
+      Key = iotpString.GetBuffer(1);
+      Keyx = xiotpString.GetBuffer(1);
+      rc = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, Key, 0, KEY_READ, hDefKey);
+      rcx = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, Keyx, 0, KEY_READ, hDefKey);
+   if ( ( rc  == ERROR_SUCCESS ) || ( rcx == ERROR_SUCCESS ) )
+    {
+    // IOTP Handler exists
+    }
+   else
+    {
+    // No IOTP Handler
+    }
+
+   NOTE: ActiveX is a trademark of Microsoft and was originally called
+   Sweeper.
+
+5. ECML, The Electronic Commerce Modeling Language
+
+   A industry group has recently proposed a standard for fields used in
+   electronic commerce.  This fields allow "wallet" software acting for
+   the consumer to convey standardized information to a merchant,
+   including information as to what payment related protocols are
+   supported at the customer site.  See [ECML].
+
+
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+
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+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+6. Putting It All Together
+
+   The following diagram indicates how these techniques can be put
+   together.
+
+   start>-----+
+              |
+      +------------------+
+      | Was desired type |     NO      +-------------------------+
+      |found in Accept?  |------------>| Is JavaScript available |
+      +------------------+             |and does it show type?   |
+            |                          +-------------------------+
+       YES  |                            |         |           |
+            |<---------------------------+         |        NO |
+            |        YES                           |           |
+            |                      +---<explorer<--+           |
+            |                      |                           |
+            |          +----------------------+                |
+            |          | Is ActiveX available |                |
+            |          |and does it show type?|                |
+            |          +----------------------+                |
+            |  YES       |        |         |             NO   |
+            |<-----------+        |         +----------------->|
+            |                     V                            |
+   remember |               Indeterminate.            remember |
+     that   |.              Take default             that type |
+   type IS  |               action.                     is NOT |
+   supported|                                        supported |
+            X done                                             X
+
+7. Future Development
+
+   Active work is proceeding in the IETF, World Wide Web Consortium
+   [W3C], and other standards and industry groups concerning content and
+   capabilities negotiation.  This work is likely to lead to superior
+   methods to implement the functionality described herein.  However,
+   near universal deployment of such new standards/features will take
+   some time.  Thus you should expect the methods given herein to be
+   obsoleted, but perhaps not for some time.
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   It should be noted that the variety of ActiveX control suggested
+   above is reading the user's registry, that is, examining their
+   computer and reporting back some information it has discovered.  This
+   may be a concern among some users.
+
+
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+   In general, the use of JavaScript and, even more so, ActiveX is
+   dangerous because they are so powerful.  JavaScript or ActiveX from a
+   web page could be invisibly damaging to the client.
+
+   Security of web interactions is normally provided by adopting channel
+   encryption on the browser to server connections, such as [TLS].  In
+   the absence of some such additional security outside of HTTP,
+   requests and/or responses may be forged or tampered with.
+
+9. IANA Considerations
+
+   None specific to the techniques described herein.  For MIME types and
+   type registration procedures, see [MIME: RFCs 2046, 2048].
+
+References
+
+   [ECML] Eastlake, D. and T. Goldstein, "ECML v1: Field Names for E-
+          Commerce", RFC 2706, October 1999.
+
+   [HTTP] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and H. Frystyk, "Hypertext
+          Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0", RFC 1945, May 1996.
+
+   [HTTP] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter,
+          L., Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol
+          -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
+
+   [IOTP] Burdett, D., "Internet Open Trading Protocol - IOTP Version
+          1.0", RFC 2801, April 2000.
+
+   [MIME] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+          Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+          Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [MIME] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+          Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046, November
+          1996.
+
+   [MIME] Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part
+          Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text", RFC
+          2047, November 1996.
+
+   [MIME] Freed, N., Klensin, J. and J. Postel, "Multipurpose Internet
+          Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures",
+          RFC 2048, November 1996.
+
+
+
+
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+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+   [SET]  "Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Specification, Version
+          1.0", May 31, 1997, available from <http://www.setco.org>.
+             Book 1: Business Description
+             Book 2: Programmer's Guide
+             Book 3: Formal Protocol Definition
+
+   [TLS]  Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0", RFC
+          2246, January 1999.
+
+   [W3C] World Wide Web Consortium, <www.w3.org>
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+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+Appendix A: Browser Version Sniffer Code
+
+  <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
+  <!-- hide JavaScript from non-JavaScript browsers
+  // Ultimate client-side JavaScript client sniff.
+  // (C) Netscape Communications 1999.
+  //     Permission granted to reuse and distribute.
+  // Revised 17 May 99 to add is_nav5up and is_ie5up (see below).
+
+  // Everything you always wanted to know about your JavaScript client
+  // but were afraid to ask. Creates "is_" variables indicating:
+  // (1) browser vendor:
+  //     is_nav, is_ie, is_opera
+  // (2) browser version number:
+  //     is_major (integer indicating major version number: 2, 3, 4 ...)
+  //     is_minor (float   indicating full  version number:
+  //                                               2.02, 3.01, 4.04 ...)
+  // (3) browser vendor AND major version number
+  //     is_nav2, is_nav3, is_nav4, is_nav4up, is_nav5, is_nav5up,
+  //     is_ie3, is_ie4, is_ie4up
+  // (4) JavaScript version number:
+  //     is_js (float indicating full JavaScript version number:
+  //                                                    1, 1.1, 1.2 ...)
+  // (5) OS platform and version:
+  //     is_win, is_win16, is_win32, is_win31,
+  //     is_win95, is_winnt, is_win98
+  //     is_os2
+  //     is_mac, is_mac68k, is_macppc
+  //     is_unix
+  //        is_sun, is_sun4, is_sun5, is_suni86
+  //        is_irix, is_irix5, is_irix6
+  //        is_hpux, is_hpux9, is_hpux10
+  //        is_aix, is_aix1, is_aix2, is_aix3, is_aix4
+  //        is_linux, is_sco, is_unixware, is_mpras, is_reliant
+  //        is_dec, is_sinix, is_freebsd, is_bsd
+  //     is_vms
+  //
+  // See http://www.it97.de/JavaScript/JS_tutorial/bstat/navobj.html and
+  // http://www.it97.de/JavaScript/JS_tutorial/bstat/Browseraol.html
+  // for detailed lists of userAgent strings.
+  //
+  // Note: you don't want your Nav4 or IE4 code to "turn off" or
+  // stop working when Nav5 and IE5 (or later) are released, so
+  // in conditional code forks, use is_nav4up ("Nav4 or greater")
+  // and is_ie4up ("IE4 or greater") instead of is_nav4 or is_ie4
+  // to check version in code which you want to work on future
+  // versions.
+
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+  // convert all characters to lowercase to simplify testing
+  var agt=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();
+
+  // *** BROWSER VERSION ***
+  // Note: On IE5, these return 4, so use is_ie5up to detect IE5.
+  var is_major = parseInt(navigator.appVersion);
+  var is_minor = parseFloat(navigator.appVersion);
+
+  // Note: Opera and WebTV spoof Navigator.  We do strict client
+  //  detection.  If you want to allow spoofing, take out the tests
+  //  for opera and webtv.
+  var is_nav  = ((agt.indexOf('mozilla')!=-1)
+              && (agt.indexOf('spoofer')==-1)
+              && (agt.indexOf('compatible') == -1)
+              && (agt.indexOf('opera')==-1)
+              && (agt.indexOf('webtv')==-1));
+  var is_nav2 = (is_nav && (is_major == 2));
+  var is_nav3 = (is_nav && (is_major == 3));
+  var is_nav4 = (is_nav && (is_major == 4));
+  var is_nav4up = (is_nav && (is_major >= 4));
+  var is_navonly      = (is_nav && ((agt.indexOf(";nav") != -1) ||
+                        (agt.indexOf("; nav") != -1)) );
+  var is_nav5 = (is_nav && (is_major == 5));
+  var is_nav5up = (is_nav && (is_major >= 5));
+
+  var is_ie   = (agt.indexOf("msie") != -1);
+  var is_ie3  = (is_ie && (is_major < 4));
+  var is_ie4  = (is_ie && (is_major == 4)
+                       && (agt.indexOf("msie 5.0")==-1) );
+  var is_ie4up  = (is_ie  && (is_major >= 4));
+  var is_ie5  = (is_ie && (is_major == 4)
+                       && (agt.indexOf("msie 5.0")!=-1) );
+  var is_ie5up  = (is_ie  && !is_ie3 && !is_ie4);
+
+  // KNOWN BUG: On AOL4, returns false if IE3 is embedded browser
+  // or if this is the first browser window opened.  Thus the
+  // variables is_aol, is_aol3, and is_aol4 aren't 100% reliable.
+  var is_aol   = (agt.indexOf("aol") != -1);
+  var is_aol3  = (is_aol && is_ie3);
+  var is_aol4  = (is_aol && is_ie4);
+
+  var is_opera = (agt.indexOf("opera") != -1);
+  var is_webtv = (agt.indexOf("webtv") != -1);
+
+  // *** JAVASCRIPT VERSION CHECK ***
+  var is_js;
+  if (is_nav2 || is_ie3) is_js = 1.0
+  else if (is_nav3 || is_opera) is_js = 1.1
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+  else if ((is_nav4 && (is_minor <= 4.05)) || is_ie4) is_js = 1.2
+  else if ((is_nav4 && (is_minor > 4.05)) || is_ie5) is_js = 1.3
+  else if (is_nav5) is_js = 1.4
+  // NOTE: In the future, update this code when newer versions of JS
+  // are released. For now, we try to provide some upward compatibility
+  // so that future versions of Nav and IE will show they are at
+  // *least* JS 1.x capable. Always check for JS version compatibility
+  // with > or >=.
+  else if (is_nav && (is_major > 5)) is_js = 1.4
+  else if (is_ie && (is_major > 5)) is_js = 1.3
+  // HACK: no idea for other browsers;
+  //       always check for JS version with > or >=
+  else is_js = 0.0;
+
+  // *** PLATFORM ***
+  var is_win   = ( (agt.indexOf("win")!=-1) ||
+                   (agt.indexOf("16bit")!=-1) );
+  // NOTE: On Opera 3.0, the userAgent string includes "Windows 95/NT4"
+  // on all Win32, so you can't distinguish between Win95 and WinNT.
+  var is_win95 = ((agt.indexOf("win95")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("windows 95")!=-1));
+
+  // is this a 16 bit compiled version?
+  var is_win16 = ((agt.indexOf("win16")!=-1) ||
+             (agt.indexOf("16bit")!=-1) ||
+             (agt.indexOf("windows 3.1")!=-1) ||
+             (agt.indexOf("windows 16-bit")!=-1) );
+
+  var is_win31 = ((agt.indexOf("windows 3.1")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("win16")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("windows 16-bit")!=-1));
+
+  // NOTE: Reliable detection of Win98 may not be possible.
+  // It appears that:
+  //  - On Nav 4.x and before you'll get plain "Windows" in userAgent.
+  //  - On Mercury client, the 32-bit version will return "Win98", but
+  //    the 16-bit version running on Win98 will still return "Win95".
+  var is_win98 = ((agt.indexOf("win98")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("windows 98")!=-1));
+  var is_winnt = ((agt.indexOf("winnt")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("windows nt")!=-1));
+  var is_win32 = (is_win95 || is_winnt || is_win98 ||
+                  ((is_major >= 4) &&
+                   (navigator.platform == "Win32")) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("win32")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("32bit")!=-1));
+
+  var is_os2   = ((agt.indexOf("os/2")!=-1) ||
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+                  (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("OS/2")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("ibm-webexplorer")!=-1));
+
+  var is_mac    = (agt.indexOf("mac")!=-1);
+  var is_mac68k = (is_mac && ((agt.indexOf("68k")!=-1) ||
+                             (agt.indexOf("68000")!=-1)));
+  var is_macppc = (is_mac && ((agt.indexOf("ppc")!=-1) ||
+                              (agt.indexOf("powerpc")!=-1)));
+
+  var is_sun   = (agt.indexOf("sunos")!=-1);
+  var is_sun4  = (agt.indexOf("sunos 4")!=-1);
+  var is_sun5  = (agt.indexOf("sunos 5")!=-1);
+  var is_suni86= (is_sun && (agt.indexOf("i86")!=-1));
+  var is_irix  = (agt.indexOf("irix") !=-1);    // SGI
+  var is_irix5 = (agt.indexOf("irix 5") !=-1);
+  var is_irix6 = ((agt.indexOf("irix 6") !=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("irix6") !=-1));
+  var is_hpux  = (agt.indexOf("hp-ux")!=-1);
+  var is_hpux9 = (is_hpux && (agt.indexOf("09.")!=-1));
+  var is_hpux10= (is_hpux && (agt.indexOf("10.")!=-1));
+  var is_aix   = (agt.indexOf("aix") !=-1);      // IBM
+  var is_aix1  = (agt.indexOf("aix 1") !=-1);
+  var is_aix2  = (agt.indexOf("aix 2") !=-1);
+  var is_aix3  = (agt.indexOf("aix 3") !=-1);
+  var is_aix4  = (agt.indexOf("aix 4") !=-1);
+  var is_linux = (agt.indexOf("inux")!=-1);
+  var is_sco   = (agt.indexOf("sco")!=-1) ||
+                 (agt.indexOf("unix_sv")!=-1);
+  var is_unixware = (agt.indexOf("unix_system_v")!=-1);
+  var is_mpras    = (agt.indexOf("ncr")!=-1);
+  var is_reliant  = (agt.indexOf("reliantunix")!=-1);
+  var is_dec   = ((agt.indexOf("dec")!=-1) ||
+         (agt.indexOf("osf1")!=-1) ||
+         (agt.indexOf("dec_alpha")!=-1) ||
+         (agt.indexOf("alphaserver")!=-1) ||
+         (agt.indexOf("ultrix")!=-1) ||
+         (agt.indexOf("alphastation")!=-1));
+  var is_sinix = (agt.indexOf("sinix")!=-1);
+  var is_freebsd = (agt.indexOf("freebsd")!=-1);
+  var is_bsd = (agt.indexOf("bsd")!=-1);
+  var is_unix  = ((agt.indexOf("x11")!=-1) || is_sun ||
+               is_irix || is_hpux ||
+               is_sco ||is_unixware || is_mpras || is_reliant ||
+               is_dec || is_sinix || is_aix || is_linux ||
+               is_bsd || is_freebsd);
+
+  var is_vms   = ((agt.indexOf("vax")!=-1) ||
+                  (agt.indexOf("openvms")!=-1));
+
+
+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+  </SCRIPT>
+
+Authors' Addresses
+
+   Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
+   Motorola
+   140 Forest Avenue
+   Hudson, MA 01749 USA
+
+   Phone: +1 978-562-2827(h)
+          +1 508-261-5434(w)
+   Fax:   +1 508-261-4447(w)
+   EMail: Donald.Eastlake@motorola.com
+
+
+   Chris J. Smith
+   Royal Bank of Canada
+   277 Front Street West
+   Toronto, Ontario M5V 3A4 CANADA
+
+   Phone: +1 416-348-6090
+   Fax:   +1 416-348-2210
+   EMail: chris.smith@royalbank.com
+
+
+   David M. Soroka
+   IBM
+   Raleigh, NC
+
+   Phone: +1 919-486-2684
+   Fax:   +1 919-543-4653
+   EMail: dsoroka@us.ibm.com
+
+
+
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+
+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 2936            HTTP MIME Type Handler Detection      September 2000
+
+
+Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
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+Acknowledgement
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+Eastlake, et al.             Informational                     [Page 13]
+