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author | Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com> | 2024-11-27 20:54:24 +0100 |
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committer | Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com> | 2024-11-27 20:54:24 +0100 |
commit | 4bfd864f10b68b71482b35c818559068ef8d5797 (patch) | |
tree | e3989f47a7994642eb325063d46e8f08ffa681dc /doc/rfc/rfc6088.txt | |
parent | ea76e11061bda059ae9f9ad130a9895cc85607db (diff) |
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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc6088.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc6088.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3bb2393 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc6088.txt @@ -0,0 +1,731 @@ + + + + + + +Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Tsirtsis +Request for Comments: 6088 G. Giaretta +Category: Standards Track Qualcomm +ISSN: 2070-1721 H. Soliman + Elevate Technologies + N. Montavont + IT/TB + January 2011 + + + Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings + +Abstract + + This document defines binary formats for IPv4 and IPv6 traffic + selectors to be used in conjunction with flow bindings for Mobile + IPv6. + +Status of This Memo + + This is an Internet Standards Track document. + + This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has + received public review and has been approved for publication by the + Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on + Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. + + Information about the current status of this document, any errata, + and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at + http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6088. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved. + + This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect + to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must + include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as + described in the Simplified BSD License. + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 2. Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 3. Traffic Selector Sub-Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 3.1. IPv4 Binary Traffic Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 3.2. IPv6 Binary Traffic Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + +1. Introduction + + This document defines binary formats for IPv4 and IPv6 traffic + selector sub-options, as defined in [RFC6089]. + + The binary traffic selector format defined here, allows for efficient + identification of flow(s) based on well-known fields in IPv4 + [RFC0791], IPv6 [RFC2460], and transport layer headers like TCP + [RFC0793] and UDP [RFC0768]. + +2. Requirements Notation + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this + document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. + +3. Traffic Selector Sub-Options + + [RFC6089] defines the format for the traffic selector sub-option. + + The following values of the TS Format field are defined in this + specification for binary traffic selectors. + + TS Format: + + 1 IPv4 binary traffic selector + + 2 IPv6 binary traffic selector + +3.1. IPv4 Binary Traffic Selector + + If the TS Format field of the traffic selector sub-option indicates + "IPv4 binary traffic selector", then the traffic selector is + formatted as shown below. + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + The alignment requirement for this sub-option is: + + 4n if A, B, C, D, E, or F is set + + 2n if G, H, I, or J is set + + n if K, L, M, or N is set + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |Sub-opt Type | Sub-Opt Len | TS Format | Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N| Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (A)Start Source Address | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (B)End Source Address | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (C)Start Destination Address | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (D)End Destination Address | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (E)Start IPsec SPI | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (F)End IPsec SPI | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (G)Start Source port | (H)End Source port | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (I)Start Destination port | (J)End Destination port | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (K)Start DS | (L)End DS |(M)Start Prot. | (N) End Prot. | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Figure 1: IPv4 binary traffic selector + + Flags (A-N) + + Each flag indicates whether the corresponding field is present in + the message. + + (A)Start Source Address + + This field identifies the first source address, from the range of + 32-bit IPv4 addresses to be matched, on data packets sent from a + corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + In other words, this is one of the addresses of the correspondent + node. + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + (B)End Source Address + + If more than one contiguous source address needs to be matched, + then this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start Source Address field. This + field MUST NOT be included unless the Start Source Address field + is included. When this field is included, the receiver will match + all of the addresses between fields (A) and (B), inclusive of (A) + and (B). + + (C)Start Destination Address + + This field identifies the first destination address, from the + range of 32-bit IPv4 addresses to be matched, on data packets sent + from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home + agent. In other words, this is one of the registered home + addresses of the mobile node. + + (D)End Destination Address + + If more than one contiguous destination address needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Destination Address + field. This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start + Destination Address field is included. When this field is + included, the receiver will match all of the addresses between + fields (C) and (D), inclusive of (C) and (D). + + (E)Start IPsec SPI - Security Parameter Index + + This field identifies the first 32-bit IPsec SPI value, from the + range of SPI values to be matched, on data packets sent from a + corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + This field is defined in [RFC4303]. + + (F)End IPsec SPI - Security Parameter Index + + If more than one contiguous SPI value needs to be matched, then + this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start IPsec SPI field. This field + MUST NOT be included unless the Start IPsec SPI field is included. + When this field is included, the receiver will match all of the + SPI values between fields (E) and (F), inclusive of (E) and (F). + + + + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + (G)Start Source Port + + This field identifies the first 16-bit source port number, from + the range of port numbers to be matched, on data packets sent from + a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + This is from the range of port numbers defined by IANA + (http://www.iana.org). + + (H)End Source Port + + If more than one contiguous source port number needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Source Port field. + This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start Source Port field + is included. When this field is included, the receiver will match + all of the port numbers between fields (G) and (H), inclusive of + (G) and (H). + + (I)Start Destination Port + + This field identifies the first 16-bit destination port number, + from the range of port numbers to be matched, on data packets sent + from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home + agent. + + (J)End Destination Port + + If more than one contiguous destination port number needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Destination Port + field. This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start + Destination Port field is included. When this field is included, + the receiver will match all of the port numbers between fields (I) + and (J), inclusive of (I) and (J). + + (K)Start DS - Differential Services + + This field identifies the first differential services value, from + the range of differential services values to be matched, on data + packets sent from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen + by the home agent. Note that this field is called a "Type of + Service field" in [RFC0791]. [RFC3260] then clarified that the + field has been redefined as a 6-bit DS field with 2 bits reserved, + later claimed by Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [RFC3168]. + For the purpose of this specification, the (K)Start DS field is 8 + bits long, where the 6 most significant bits indicate the DS field + to be matched and the 2 least significant bits' values MUST be + ignored in any comparison. + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + (L)End DS - Differential Services + + If more than one contiguous DS value needs to be matched, then + this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start DS field. This field MUST + NOT be included unless the Start DS field is included. When this + field is included, it MUST be coded the same way as defined for + (K). When this field is included, the receiver will match all of + the values between fields (K) and (L), inclusive of (K) and (L). + + (M)Start Protocol + + This field identifies the first 8-bit protocol value, from the + range of protocol values to be matched, on data packets sent from + a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + + (N)End Protocol + + If more than one contiguous protocol value needs to be matched, + then this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start Protocol field. This field + MUST NOT be included unless the Start Protocol field is included. + When this field is included, the receiver will match all of the + values between fields (M) and (N), inclusive of (M) and (N). + + Reserved + + Reserved for future use. These bits MUST be set to zero by the + sender and ignored by the receiver. + +3.2. IPv6 Binary Traffic Selector + + If the TS Format field of the traffic selector sub-option indicates + "IPv6 binary traffic selector", then the traffic selector is + formatted as follows: + + The alignment requirement for this sub-option is: + + 8n if A, B, C, or D is set + + 4n if E, F, G, or H is set + + 2n if I, J, K, or L is set + + n if M, N, O, or P is set + + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |Sub-opt Type | Sub-Opt Len | TS Format | Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P| Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + + + + | | + + (A)Start Source Address + + | | + + + + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + + + + | | + + (B)End Source Address + + | | + + + + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + + + + | | + + (C)Start Destination Address + + | | + + + + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + + + + | | + + (D)End Destination Address + + | | + + + + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (E)Start IPsec SPI | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (F)End IPsec SPI | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (G)Start Flow Label | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (H)End Flow Label | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (I)Start Source port | (J)End Source port | + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (K)Start Destination port | (L)End Destination port | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | (M)Start TC | (N)End TC | (O)Start NH | (P) End NH | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Figure 2: IPv6 binary traffic selector + + Flags (A-P) + + Each flag indicates whether the corresponding field is present in + the message + + (A)Start Source Address + + This field identifies the first source address, from the range of + 128-bit IPv6 addresses to be matched, on data packets sent from a + corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + In other words, this is one of the addresses of the correspondent + node. + + (B)End Source Address + + If more than one contiguous source address needs to be matched, + then this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start Source Address field. This + field MUST NOT be included unless the Start Source Address field + is included. When this field is included, the receiver will match + all of the addresses between fields (A) and (B), inclusive of (A) + and (B). + + (C)Start Destination Address + + This field identifies the first destination address, from the + range of 128-bit IPv6 addresses to be matched, on data packets + sent from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the + home agent. In other words, this is one of the registered home + addresses of the mobile node. + + (D)End Destination Address + + If more than one contiguous destination address needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Destination Address + field. This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start + Destination Address field is included. When this field is + included, the receiver will match all of the addresses between + fields (C) and (D), inclusive of (C) and (D). + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + (E)Start IPsec SPI - Security Parameter Index + + This field identifies the first 32-bit IPsec SPI value, from the + range of SPI values to be matched, on data packets sent from a + corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + This field is defined in [RFC4303]. + + (F)End IPsec SPI - Security Parameter Index + + If more than one contiguous SPI value needs to be matched, then + this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start IPsec SPI field. This field + MUST NOT be included unless the Start IPsec SPI field is included. + When this field is included, the receiver will match all of the + SPI values between fields (E) and (F), inclusive of (E) and (F). + + (G)Start Flow Label + + This field identifies the first flow label value, from the range + of flow label values to be matched, on data packets sent from a + corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + According to [RFC2460], the flow label is 24 bits long. For the + purpose of this specification, the sender of this option MUST + prefix the flow label value with 8 bits of "0" before inserting it + in the (G)Start Flow Label field. The receiver SHOULD ignore the + first 8 bits of this field before using it in comparisons with + flow labels in packets. + + (H)End Flow Label + + If more than one contiguous flow label value needs to be matched, + then this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start Flow Label field. This field + MUST NOT be included unless the Start Flow Label field is + included. When this field is included, the receiver will match + all of the flow label values between fields (G) and (H), inclusive + of (G) and (H). When this field is included, it MUST be coded the + same way as defined for (G). + + (I)Start Source Port + + This field identifies the first 16-bit source port number, from + the range of port numbers to be matched, on data packets sent from + a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home agent. + + + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + (J)End Source Port + + If more than one contiguous source port number needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Source Port field. + This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start Source Port field + is included. When this field is included, the receiver will match + all of the port numbers between fields (I) and (J), inclusive of + (I) and (J). + + (K)Start Destination Port + + This field identifies the first 16-bit destination port number, + from the range of port numbers to be matched, on data packets sent + from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home + agent. + + (L)End Destination Port + + If more than one contiguous destination port number needs to be + matched, then this field can be used to indicate the end value of + a range starting from the value of the Start Destination Port + field. This field MUST NOT be included unless the Start + Destination Port field is included. When this field is included, + the receiver will match all of the port numbers between fields (K) + and (L), inclusive of (K) and (L). + + (M)Start TC - Traffic Class + + This field identifies the first traffic class value, from the + range of traffic class values to be matched, on data packets sent + from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home + agent. This field is equivalent to the Start DS field in the IPv4 + traffic selector in Figure 1. As per [RFC3260], the field is + defined as a 6-bit DS field with 2 bits reserved, later claimed by + Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) [RFC3168]. For the purpose + of this specification, the (M)Start TC field is 8 bits long, where + the 6 most significant bits indicate the DS field to be matched + and the 2 least significant bits' values MUST be ignored in any + comparison. + + (N)End TC - Traffic Class + + If more than one contiguous TC value needs to be matched, then + this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start TC field. This field MUST + NOT be included unless the Start TC field is included. When this + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + + field is included, it MUST be coded the same way as defined for + (M). When this field is included, the receiver will match all of + the values between fields (M) and (N), inclusive of (M) and (N). + + (O)Start NH - Next Header + + This field identifies the first 8-bit next header value, from the + range of next header values to be matched, on data packets sent + from a corresponding node to the mobile node as seen by the home + agent. + + (P)End NH - Next Header + + If more than one contiguous next header value needs to be matched, + then this field can be used to indicate the end value of a range + starting from the value of the Start NH field. This field MUST + NOT be included unless the Start next header field is included. + When this field is included, the receiver will match all of the + values between fields (O) and (P), inclusive of (O) and (P). + + Reserved + + Reserved for future use. These bits MUST be set to zero by the + sender and ignored by the receiver. + +4. Security Considerations + + This document defines the format of the traffic selector field of a + sub-option defined for flow bindings [RFC6089]. The authors have not + identified any security concerns pertaining to this document beyond + what is already identified in [RFC6089]. + +5. IANA Considerations + + The following new TS format values have been assigned from the + "Traffic Selector Format" namespace for the traffic selector sub- + option defined in [RFC6089]. + + 1 IPv4 Binary Traffic Selector + + 2 IPv6 Binary Traffic Selector + +6. Acknowledgements + + The authors would like to thank Patrick Stupar and Julien Laganier + for their contributions to this document. We would also like to + thank Benjamin Lim, Dave Craig, Patrick Stupar, and Basavaraj Patil + for their reviews and comments. + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + +7. References + +7.1. Normative References + + [RFC0768] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768, + August 1980. + + [RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, + September 1981. + + [RFC0793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, + RFC 793, September 1981. + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 + (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998. + + [RFC3168] Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition + of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP", + RFC 3168, September 2001. + + [RFC4303] Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", + RFC 4303, December 2005. + + [RFC6089] Tsirtsis, G., Soliman, H., Montavont, N., Giaretta, G., + and K. Kuladinithi, "Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and + Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support", RFC 6089, + January 2011. + +7.2. Informative References + + [RFC3260] Grossman, D., "New Terminology and Clarifications for + Diffserv", RFC 3260, April 2002. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 6088 Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings January 2011 + + +Authors' Addresses + + George Tsirtsis + Qualcomm + + EMail: tsirtsis@qualcomm.com + + + Gerardo Giaretta + Qualcomm + + EMail: gerardog@qualcomm.com + + + Hesham Soliman + Elevate Technologies + + EMail: hesham@elevatemobile.com + + + Nicolas Montavont + Institut Telecom / Telecom Bretagne + 2, rue de la chataigneraie + Cesson Sevigne 35576 + France + + Phone: (+33) 2 99 12 70 23 + EMail: nicolas.montavont@telecom-bretagne.eu + URI: http://www.rennes.enst-bretagne.fr/~nmontavo// + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Tsirtsis, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] + |