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+Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                       JP. Vasseur
+Request for Comments: 7102                           Cisco Systems, Inc.
+Category: Informational                                     January 2014
+ISSN: 2070-1721
+
+
+         Terms Used in Routing for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document provides a glossary of terminology used in routing
+   requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low-Power and
+   Lossy Networks (LLNs).  An LLN is typically composed of many embedded
+   devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
+   interconnected by a variety of links.  There is a wide scope of
+   application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
+   automation (e.g., heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting,
+   access control, fire), connected home, health care, environmental
+   monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets
+   tracking, and refrigeration.
+
+Status of This Memo
+
+   This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
+   published for informational purposes.
+
+   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
+   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
+   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
+   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
+   approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
+   Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
+
+   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
+   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
+   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7102.
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+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 1]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
+   document authors.  All rights reserved.
+
+   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
+   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
+   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
+   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
+   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
+   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
+   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
+   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
+   described in the Simplified BSD License.
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1. Introduction ....................................................2
+   2. Terminology .....................................................3
+   3. Security Considerations .........................................7
+   4. Acknowledgements ................................................7
+   5. Informative References ..........................................7
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   This document provides a glossary of terminology used in routing
+   requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low-Power and
+   Lossy Networks (LLNs).
+
+   LLNs are typically composed of many embedded devices with limited
+   power, memory, and processing resources interconnected by a variety
+   of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4 or low-power Wi-Fi.  There is a wide
+   scope of application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring,
+   building automation (heating, ventilation, air conditioning,
+   lighting, access control, fire), connected home, health care,
+   environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management,
+   assets tracking, and refrigeration.
+
+   Since these applications are usually highly specific (for example,
+   industrial automation, building automation, etc.), it is not uncommon
+   to see a number of disparate terms used to describe the same device
+   or functionality.  Thus, in order to avoid confusion or
+   discrepancies, this document specifies the common terminology to be
+   used in all ROLL working group documents.  The terms defined in this
+   document are used in [RFC5548], [RFC5673], [RFC5826], and [RFC5867].
+
+   Terminology specific to a particular application is out of the scope
+   of this document.
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 2]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+   It is expected that all routing documents defining requirements or
+   specifying solutions for LLN will use the common terminology
+   specified in this document.  This document should be listed as an
+   informative reference.
+
+2.  Terminology
+
+   Actuator: A field device that controls a set of equipment.  For
+      example, an actuator might control and/or modulate the flow of a
+      gas or liquid, control electricity distribution, perform a
+      mechanical operation, etc.
+
+   AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure.  Makes use of Smart Grid
+      technologies.  A canonical Smart Grid application is smart-
+      metering.
+
+   Channel: Radio frequency sub-band used to transmit a modulated signal
+      carrying packets.
+
+   Channel Hopping: A procedure by which field devices synchronously
+      change channels during operation.
+
+   Commissioning Tool: Any physical or logical device temporarily added
+      to the network for the express purpose of setting up the network
+      and device operational parameters.  The commissioning tool can
+      also be temporarily added to the LLN for scheduled or unscheduled
+      maintenance.
+
+   Closed Loop Control: A procedure whereby a device controller controls
+      an actuator based on input information sensed by one or more field
+      devices.
+
+   Controller: A field device that can receive sensor input and
+      automatically change the environment in the facility by
+      manipulating digital or analog actuators.
+
+   DA: Distribution Automation.  Part of Smart Grid.  Encompasses
+      technologies for maintenance and management of electrical
+      distribution systems.
+
+   DAG: Directed Acyclic Graph.  A directed graph with no directed
+      cycles (a graph formed by a collection of vertices and directed
+      edges where each edge connects one vertex to another, such that
+      there is no way to start at some vertex v and follow a sequence of
+      edges that eventually loops back to vertex v again).
+
+   Data sink: A device that collects data from nodes in an LLN.
+
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 3]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+   Downstream: Data direction traveling from outside of the LLN (e.g.,
+      traffic coming from a LAN, WAN, or the Internet) via an LLN Border
+      Router (LBR), or in general, "deeper" in the Directed Acyclic
+      Graph computed by the routing protocol.
+
+   Field Device: A field device is a physical device placed in the
+      network's operating environment (e.g., plant, urban area, or
+      home).  Field devices include sensors and actuators as well as
+      routers and Low-Power and Lossy Network Border Routers (LBRs).  A
+      field device is usually (but not always) a device with constrained
+      CPU, memory footprint, storage capacity, bandwidth, and sometimes
+      power (battery operated).  At the time of writing, for the sake of
+      illustration, a typical sensor or actuator would have a few
+      Kilobytes of RAM, a few dozens of Kilobytes of ROM/Flash memory, a
+      8-/16-/32-bit microcontroller, and communication capabilities
+      ranging from a few kbits/s to a few hundred kbits/s.  Although
+      continuous improvement of hardware and software technologies is
+      expected, such devices will likely continue to be seen as
+      resource-constrained devices compared to computers and routers
+      used in the rest of the Internet.
+
+   Flash Memory: non-volatile memory that can be re-programmed.
+
+   FMS: Facility Management System.  A global term applied across all
+      the vertical designations within a building, including heating,
+      ventilation, and air conditioning (also referred to as HVAC),
+      fire, security, lighting, and elevator control.
+
+   HART: Highway Addressable Remote Transducer.  A group of
+      specifications for industrial process and control devices
+      administered by the HART Foundation (see [HART]).  The latest
+      version for the specifications is HART7, which includes the
+      additions for WirelessHART.
+
+   HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.  A term applied to
+      mechanisms used to maintain the comfort level of an internal
+      space.
+
+   ISA: International Society of Automation.  An ANSI accredited
+      standards-making society.  ISA100 is an ISA committee whose
+      charter includes defining a family of standards for industrial
+      automation.  [ISA100.11a] is a working group within ISA100 that is
+      working on a standard for monitoring and non-critical process-
+      control applications.
+
+   LAN: Local Area Network.
+
+
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 4]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+   LBR: Low-Power and Lossy Network Border Router.  A device that
+      connects the Low-Power and Lossy Network to another routing domain
+      such as a LAN, a WAN, or the Internet where a different routing
+      protocol may be in operation.  The LBR acts as a routing device
+      and may possibly host other functions such as data collector or
+      aggregator.
+
+   LLN: Low-Power and Lossy Network.  Typically composed of many
+      embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing
+      resources interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE
+      802.15.4 or low-power Wi-Fi.  There is a wide scope of application
+      areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
+      automation (HVAC, lighting, access control, fire), connected home,
+      health care, environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks,
+      energy management, assets tracking, and refrigeration.
+
+   MP2P: Multipoint-to-Point.  Used to describe a particular traffic
+      pattern (e.g., MP2P flows collecting information from many nodes
+      flowing upstream towards a collecting sink or an LBR).
+
+   MAC: Medium Access Control.  Refers to algorithms and procedures used
+      by the data link layer to coordinate use of the physical layer.
+
+   Non-Sleepy Node: A node that always remains in a fully powered-on
+      state (i.e., always awake) where it has the capability to perform
+      communication.
+
+   Open Loop Control: A process whereby a plant operator manually
+      manipulates an actuator over the network where the decision is
+      influenced by information sensed by field devices.
+
+   PER: Packet Error Rate.  A ratio of the number of unusable packets
+      (not received at all or received in error, even after any
+      applicable error correction has been applied) to the total number
+      of packets that would have been received in the absence of errors.
+
+   P2P: Point To Point.  Refers to traffic exchanged between two nodes
+      (regardless of the number of hops between the two nodes).
+
+   P2MP: Point-to-Multipoint.  Refers to traffic between one node and a
+      set of nodes.  This is similar to the P2MP concept in Multicast or
+      MPLS Traffic Engineering ([RFC4461]and [RFC4875]).  A common use
+      case for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
+      (RPL) involves P2MP flows from or through a DAG root outward
+      towards other nodes contained in the DAG.
+
+   RAM: Random Access Memory.  A volatile memory.
+
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 5]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+   RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification.
+
+   ROM: Read-Only Memory.
+
+   ROLL: Routing Over Low-Power and Lossy Networks.
+
+   RPL: An IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks that
+      provides a mechanism whereby multipoint-to-point traffic from
+      devices inside the LLN towards a central control point as well as
+      point-to-multipoint traffic from the central control point to the
+      devices inside the LLN are supported.  RPL also supports point-to-
+      point traffic between any arbitrary nodes in the LLN.
+
+   RPL Domain: A collection of RPL routers under the control of a single
+      administration.  The boundaries of routing domains are defined by
+      network management by setting some links to be exterior, or inter-
+      domain, links.
+
+   Schedule: An agreed execution, wake-up, transmission, reception,
+      etc., timetable between two or more field devices.
+
+   Sensor: A device that measures a physical quantity and converts it to
+      an analog or digital signal that can be read by a program or a
+      user.  Sensed data can be of many types: electromagnetic (e.g.,
+      current, voltage, power, or resistance), mechanical (e.g.,
+      pressure, flow, liquid density, or humidity), chemical (e.g.,
+      oxygen or carbon monoxide), acoustic (e.g., noise or ultrasound),
+      etc.
+
+   Sleepy Node: A node that may sometimes go into a sleep mode (i.e., go
+      into a low-power state to conserve power) and temporarily suspend
+      protocol communication.  When not in sleep mode, the sleepy node
+      is in a fully powered-on state where it has the capability to
+      perform communication.
+
+   Smart Grid: A broad class of applications to network and automate
+      utility infrastructure.
+
+   Timeslot: A fixed time interval that may be used for the transmission
+      or reception of a packet between two field devices.  A timeslot
+      used for communications is associated with a slotted-link.
+
+   Upstream: Data direction traveling from the LLN via the LBR to
+      outside of the LLN (LAN, WAN, or Internet) or generally closer to
+      the root of the DAG computed by the routing protocol.
+
+   WAN: Wide Area Network.
+
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 6]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+3.  Security Considerations
+
+   Since this document specifies terminology and does not specify new
+   procedures or protocols, it raises no new security issues.
+
+4.  Acknowledgements
+
+   The authors would like to thank Christian Jacquenet, Tim Winter,
+   Pieter De Mil, David Meyer, Mukul Goyal, and Abdussalam Baryun for
+   their valuable feedback.
+
+5.  Informative References
+
+   [HART]    HART Communication Foundation, <http://www.hartcomm.org>.
+
+   [ISA100.11a]
+             ISA, "Wireless systems for industrial automation: Process
+             control and related applications", ISA 100.11a, May 2008,
+             <http://www.isa.org/Community/
+             SP100WirelessSystemsforAutomation>.
+
+   [RFC4461] Yasukawa, S., Ed., "Signaling Requirements for Point-to-
+             Multipoint Traffic-Engineered MPLS Label Switched Paths
+             (LSPs)", RFC 4461, April 2006.
+
+   [RFC4875] Aggarwal, R., Ed., Papadimitriou, D., Ed., and S. Yasukawa,
+             Ed., "Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic
+             Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label
+             Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875, May 2007.
+
+   [RFC5548] Dohler, M., Ed., Watteyne, T., Ed., Winter, T., Ed., and D.
+             Barthel, Ed., "Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and
+             Lossy Networks", RFC 5548, May 2009.
+
+   [RFC5673] Pister, K., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., Dwars, S., and T.
+             Phinney, "Industrial Routing Requirements in Low-Power and
+             Lossy Networks", RFC 5673, October 2009.
+
+   [RFC5826] Brandt, A., Buron, J., and G. Porcu, "Home Automation
+             Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC
+             5826, April 2010.
+
+   [RFC5867] Martocci, J., Ed., De Mil, P., Riou, N., and W. Vermeylen,
+             "Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and
+             Lossy Networks", RFC 5867, June 2010.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vasseur                       Informational                     [Page 7]
+
+RFC 7102                    LLN Routing Terms               January 2014
+
+
+Author's Address
+
+   JP. Vasseur
+   Cisco Systems, Inc.
+   1414 Massachusetts Avenue
+   Boxborough, MA  01719
+   US
+
+   EMail: jpv@cisco.com
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