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+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+Network Working Group                                     Joanne Sattley
+Request for Comments: 744                                        JZS@CCA
+NIC: 42857                                                8 January 1978
+
+
+             MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+I.    Introduction
+      ------------
+
+This document describes a Message Archiving  and  Retrieval  Service
+(MARS) which has been developed at Computer Corporation of America; it
+utilizes the Datacomputer, a network database utility developed by CCA
+for  ARPA.   [Research  and development of a prototype MARS system was
+supported by the Defense Advanced  Research  Projects  Agency  of  the
+Department  of  Defense,  under the ARPA Very Large Databases program,
+and was monitored by the Office of Naval Research under  Contract  No.
+N00014-76-C-0991.]
+
+The  Service  is  available,  primarily,  to  groups  for  storage  of
+teleconferencing transcripts.  Is is also available, upon request,  to
+individual ARPANET correspondents.
+
+There  are  both  'public'  and  'private'  messages  in the database.
+Public messages may be retrieved by  anyone.   The  public  collection
+includes  the  messages of the Header-People [@ MIT-MC] group, and the
+MsgGroup [@ USC-ISI] proceedings.
+
+Private messages may be retrieved only by the users who have  archived
+them,  or anyone whose name appears on the list of message recipients.
+
+Messages archived using MARS are heavily indexed and can be  retrieved
+in  a  variety  of  ways,  including  Boolean  combinations of message
+recipients, message composition date, any text words  in  the  message
+subject,  and text words in the message body.  The MARS facilities are
+integrated  very   naturally   into   the   existing   collection   of
+message-handling tools:
+
+   . A message is designated for archiving by sending it to
+     MARS-Filer @ CCA using one of the usual message-mailing tools such
+     as SNDMSG.
+
+   . A message is designated for retrieval by sending a request as
+     ordinary mail to MARS-Retriever @ CCA.
+
+The  Filer  program  checks for mail every hour; the Retriever program
+checks every quarter-hour.  The periodicity can  be  altered  to  meet
+demand  but  the intent is for MARS to operate as a background job and
+only during extremely low-activity periods.
+
+The next section (II) describes  the  indexing  operation  in  greater
+detail,  and  how  to archive and retrieve messages.  The last section
+(III) is an extractable user card.
+
+
+                                                                [Page 1]
+
+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+
+II.       Using MARS
+          ----------
+
+A.  Message Indexing
+    ----------------
+
+For each message, a vector of parsed tokens is  created.   The  parsed
+tokens are collected by the message-field in which they occurred -- to
+be  used  as  "indexes",  i.e.,  values  of  inverted  fields,  by the
+Datacomputer.
+
+The Filer "indexes", essentially  without  analysis,  except  for  the
+following:
+
+   --  Each distinguishable section of the message is indexed
+       separately; each header line is a separate inversion domain, as
+       is the body of the message.
+
+   --  The header lines which contain ARPANET addresses are analyzed in
+       order to index separately on mailbox and host.
+
+   --  The date-field is parsed and converted to the standard Tenex
+       internal date/time format, which is better adapted for
+       less-than/greater-than comparisons, as in retrievals which
+       specify a date range.
+
+   --  One-character words in both the subject-field and the
+       message-text field arbitrarily discarded.
+
+   --  Two-character words in the message-text field are arbitrarily
+       discarded.
+
+   --  Hyphenated phrases, i.e., words bound together by hyphens, are
+       retained intact.
+
+   --  All message formats which conform to RFC  733 standards are
+       accommodated.  The minimum requirements are:  a date-field, a
+       from-field, and a blank line between the message-header and
+       message-body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+                                                                [Page 2]
+
+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+
+B.  To Archive Messages
+    -------------------
+
+There  are  three modes of filing currently supported by MARS, to wit:
+
+   --  single-message mode, wherein the MARS-Filer mailbox appears in
+       the message as an addressee;
+
+   --  forwarded-message mode, wherein the MARS-Filer mailbox appears as
+       the only primary recipient;
+
+   and
+
+   --  batch mode, wherein the mailing envelope is addressed to
+       MARS-Filer and the subject-field contains the keyword "batch".
+
+Until the ARPANET standard for the format of messages  is  implemented
+universally, the variability amongst formats is still greater than the
+Filer can handle as it stands.  Nonetheless, a user  can  successfully
+file  any  message in a "foreign" format by forwarding it to the Filer
+under the aegis of a mail-handling program  which  does  produce  good
+formats.   Admittedly, the correct header-field indexing, as described
+above, will not be done on the enclosed message;  but  at  least,  the
+words  in  its unreadable header fields will appear as "text" words in
+the indexing.
+
+In the case of forwarded-message-mode filing, all interesting indexing
+information is extracted from the  message-header  of  the  forwarding
+envelope  prior  to discarding it.  The name of the archiver, the date
+and time the message was forwarded, and the  subject-line  information
+are   recorded.   The  remainder  is  handled  as  though  it  were  a
+non-forwarded message which had been CC'd to the Filer.
+
+A forwarded message may be 'annotated' by adding  text  (e.g.,  notes,
+comments, keywords) in the forwarding envelope.  Annotations are filed
+and retrieved as part of the archived message.
+
+In  the  case  of  batch-mode filing, only the archiver's name and the
+date and time s/he sent the package are  extracted  from  the  mailing
+envelope.   The  message-body  portion  is then treated as a series of
+individual messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                                                [Page 3]
+
+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+
+C.  To Retrieve Messages
+    --------------------
+
+Retrievals are initiated by sending a Retrieval Request  (which  is  a
+specially   formatted  message)  to  "MARS-Retriever@CCA".   Retrieved
+messages are mailed back, one at a time, and will appear as  new  mail
+in the requester's mailbox.
+
+Retrieval  Request  messages  can be composed using any SNDMSG-type of
+program, as follows:
+
+   . The recipient of the RR message must be MARS-Retriever @ CCA
+
+   . Other message header fields are ignored for now
+
+   . The message body portion of the RR is used to compose Datalanguage
+     for performing the retrieval.  Its format resembles a message
+     header, or selected portions thereof.
+
+The following list defines which field names are recognized, and  some
+notes  on  their  interpretation.   The  scanning  of  each  field  is
+terminated by a carriage-return.
+
+   DATE:     The format of the date field is day-month-year.  Use of
+             hyphens is optional.  This field will cause  only those
+             messages composed on the specified date to be retrieved.
+
+   AFTER:    Use of this field will  retrieve  messages  composed after
+             the specified date.
+
+   SINCE:    This field is interpreted like the AFTER: field.
+
+   BEFORE:   Use of this field will  retrieve  messages  composed before
+             the specified date.
+
+   UNTIL:    This field is interpreted like the BEFORE: field.
+
+   FROM:     This field is expected to contain  a  valid  mailbox name.
+             The host specification is optional.  If more than one name
+             is specified, ORing of  the  names  is implicit.
+             Retrieval  based upon host specification alone has not been
+             implemented.
+
+   TO:       This field is expected to contain one or more  valid
+             mailbox  names.  The host specification is optional. Spaces
+             and commas between the names imply AND.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+                                                                [Page 4]
+
+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+
+   SUBJECT:  Use of this field will retrieve all  messages  whose
+             indexed  subject-field  contents match the specified
+             word(s).  Spaces and commas imply AND.  The  use  of OR
+             must be explicit.
+
+   TEXT:     Use of this field will retrieve all  messages  whose
+             indexed  message-body  contents  match the specified
+             word(s).  Spaces and commas imply AND.  The  use  of OR
+             must be explicit.
+
+An  interactive  TENEX-based  program  for composing RRs is available;
+the filename is "RR.SAV".  A copy of this program  is  stored  on  the
+Datacomputer, available via DFTP under node COMMON>MARS.
+
+There  is  also  a  copy  of the program in CCA's directory at SRI-KA;
+another in the CCA-ACCAT directory at ISIA.
+
+
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+                                                                [Page 5]
+
+NWG/RFC  744                                   JS5 8-Jan-78 21:59  42857
+MARS - A Message Archiving & Retrieval Service
+
+
+
+III.      MARS User Card
+          --------------
+
+::  Archiving
+    ---------
+
+Individual Messages
+
+   . Include MARS-Filer@CCA on message distribution list
+
+   . Forward message to MARS-Filer@CCA [Annotation is optional.]
+
+Batches of Messages
+
+   . Incorporate the mail file as the message-body of a single
+     message sent to MARS-Filer@CCA with the clue "BATCH" in its
+     subject-field.
+
+::  Retrieving
+    ----------
+
+Using RR Program
+
+   . RR is a TENEX-based interactive program designed to prepare
+     Retrieval Request messages and to mail them to MARS-Retriever@CCA.
+
+Using SNDMSG-Type Program
+
+   . Send a message to MARS-Retriever@CCA, specifying the retrieval
+     criteria in the body of the message.
+
+Sample Retrieval Criteria
+
+SUBJECT:RFC 733 or RFC733     ; OR must be explicit
+
+TEXT:MARS Project,goals       ; spaces & commas imply AND
+
+DATE: 14 November 1977
+SINCE: 1 Nov 77               ; same as AFTER: 1 Nov 77
+AFTER: 1  Dec 1977
+UNTIL: 15 January 1978        ; same as BEFORE: 15 January 1978
+BEFORE: Aug 7 76
+
+FROM:  JZS@CCA         ; host specification is optional
+FROM:  Hacker,JZS      ; comma implies OR (in FROM: field only)
+
+TO:  CCA@SRI-KA     ; host specification is optional
+TO:  SDD-0:,SDD-1:  ; spaces and commas imply AND
+
+
+
+
+                                                                [Page 6]
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