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| author | Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com> | 2024-11-27 20:54:24 +0100 |
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| committer | Thomas Voss <mail@thomasvoss.com> | 2024-11-27 20:54:24 +0100 |
| commit | 4bfd864f10b68b71482b35c818559068ef8d5797 (patch) | |
| tree | e3989f47a7994642eb325063d46e8f08ffa681dc /doc/rfc/rfc8193.txt | |
| parent | ea76e11061bda059ae9f9ad130a9895cc85607db (diff) | |
doc: Add RFC documents
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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc8193.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc8193.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24851ce --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc8193.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2971 @@ + + + + + + +Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) T. Burbridge +Request for Comments: 8193 P. Eardley +Category: Standards Track BT +ISSN: 2070-1721 M. Bagnulo + Universidad Carlos III de Madrid + J. Schoenwaelder + Jacobs University Bremen + August 2017 + + + Information Model for Large-Scale Measurement Platforms (LMAPs) + +Abstract + + This Information Model applies to the Measurement Agent within an + LMAP framework. As such, it outlines the information that is + configured or preconfigured on the Measurement Agent or exists in + communications with a Controller or Collector within an LMAP + framework. The purpose of such an Information Model is to provide a + protocol- and device-independent view of the Measurement Agent that + can be implemented via one or more Control and Report Protocols. + +Status of This Memo + + This is an Internet Standards Track document. + + This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has + received public review and has been approved for publication by the + Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on + Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. + + Information about the current status of this document, any errata, + and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at + http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8193. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved. + + This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect + to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must + include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as + described in the Simplified BSD License. + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 + 2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 + 3. Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 + 4. LMAP Information Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 4.1. Preconfiguration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 4.1.1. Definition of ma-preconfig-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 11 + 4.2. Configuration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 + 4.2.1. Definition of ma-config-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 + 4.3. Instruction Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 + 4.3.1. Definition of ma-instruction-obj . . . . . . . . . . 17 + 4.3.2. Definition of ma-suppression-obj . . . . . . . . . . 17 + 4.4. Logging Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 + 4.4.1. Definition of ma-log-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 + 4.5. Capability and Status Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 + 4.5.1. Definition of ma-capability-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 21 + 4.5.2. Definition of ma-capability-task-obj . . . . . . . . 21 + 4.5.3. Definition of ma-status-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 + 4.5.4. Definition of ma-status-schedule-obj . . . . . . . . 23 + 4.5.5. Definition of ma-status-action-obj . . . . . . . . . 24 + 4.5.6. Definition of ma-status-suppression-obj . . . . . . . 26 + 4.5.7. Definition of ma-status-interface-obj . . . . . . . . 27 + 4.6. Reporting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 + 4.6.1. Definition of ma-report-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 + 4.6.2. Definition of ma-report-result-obj . . . . . . . . . 30 + 4.6.3. Definition of ma-report-conflict-obj . . . . . . . . 32 + 4.6.4. Definition of ma-report-table-obj . . . . . . . . . . 32 + 4.6.5. Definition of ma-report-row-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 33 + 4.7. Common Objects: Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 + 4.7.1. Definition of ma-schedule-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 + 4.7.2. Definition of ma-action-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + 4.8. Common Objects: Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 + 4.8.1. Definition of ma-channel-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 + 4.9. Common Objects: Task Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . 38 + 4.9.1. Definition of ma-task-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 + 4.9.2. Definition of ma-option-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 + 4.10. Common Objects: Registry Information . . . . . . . . . . 41 + 4.10.1. Definition of ma-registry-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 41 + 4.11. Common Objects: Event Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 + 4.11.1. Definition of ma-event-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 + 4.11.2. Definition of ma-periodic-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 44 + 4.11.3. Definition of ma-calendar-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 44 + 4.11.4. Definition of ma-one-off-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 + 4.11.5. Definition of ma-immediate-obj . . . . . . . . . . . 47 + 4.11.6. Definition of ma-startup-obj . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 + 4.11.7. Definition of ma-controller-lost-obj . . . . . . . . 47 + 4.11.8. Definition of ma-controller-connected-obj . . . . . 47 + 5. Example Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 + 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 + 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 + 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 + 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 + 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 + Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 + Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 + +1. Introduction + + A large-scale measurement platform is a collection of components that + work in a coordinated fashion to perform measurements from a large + number of vantage points. A typical use case is the execution of + broadband measurements [RFC7536]. The main components of a large- + scale measurement platform are the Measurement Agents (MAs), the + Controller(s), and the Collector(s). + + The MAs are the elements actually performing the measurements. The + MAs are controlled by exactly one Controller at a time, and the + Collectors gather the results generated by the MAs. In a nutshell, + the normal operation of a large-scale measurement platform starts + with the Controller instructing a set of one or more MAs to perform a + set of one or more Measurement Tasks at a certain point in time. The + MAs execute the instructions from a Controller, and once they have + done so, they report the results of the measurements to one or more + Collectors. The overall framework for a large-scale measurement + platform as used in this document is described in detail in + [RFC7594]. + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + A large-scale measurement platform involves basically three types of + protocols, namely, a Control Protocol (or Protocols) between a + Controller and the MAs, a Report Protocol (or Protocols) between the + MAs and the Collector(s), and several measurement protocols between + the MAs and Measurement Peers (MPs), used to actually perform the + measurements. In addition, some information is required to be + configured on the MA prior to any communication with a Controller. + + This document defines the Information Model for both the Control and + Report Protocols along with Preconfiguration Information that is + required on the MA before communicating with the Controller, broadly + named as the LMAP Information Model. The measurement protocols are + out of the scope of this document. + + As defined in [RFC3444], the LMAP Information Model defines the + concepts involved in a large-scale measurement platform at a high + level of abstraction, independent of any specific implementation or + actual protocol used to exchange the information. It is expected + that the proposed Information Model can be used with different + protocols in different measurement platform architectures and across + different types of MA devices (e.g., home gateway, smartphone, PC, or + router). A YANG data model implementing the Information Model can be + found in [RFC8194]. + + The definition of an Information Model serves a number of purposes: + + 1. To guide the standardization of one or more Control and Report + protocols and data models + + 2. To enable high-level interoperability between different Control + and Report Protocols by facilitating translation between their + respective data models such that a Controller could instruct sub- + populations of MAs using different protocols + + 3. To form agreement of what information needs to be held by an MA + and passed over the Control and Report interfaces and support the + functionality described in the LMAP framework + + 4. To enable existing protocols and data models to be assessed for + their suitability as part of a large-scale measurement system + +2. Requirements Language + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and + "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP + 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all + capitals, as shown here. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +3. Notation + + This document uses a notation similar to a programming language to + define the properties of the objects of the Information Model. An + optional property is enclosed by square brackets, [ ], and a list + property is indicated by two numbers in angle brackets, <m..n>, where + m indicates the minimal number of values, and n is the maximum. The + symbol * for n means no upper bound. + + The object definitions use several base types that are defined as + follows: + + int A type representing signed or unsigned integer numbers. + This Information Model does not define a precision nor + does it make a distinction between signed and unsigned + number ranges. This type is also used to represent + enumerations. + + boolean A type representing a boolean value. + + string A type representing a human-readable string consisting of + a (possibly restricted) subset of Unicode and ISO/IEC + 10646 [ISO.10646] characters. + + datetime A type representing a date and time using the Gregorian + calendar. The datetime format MUST conform to RFC 3339 + [RFC3339]. + + uuid A type representing a Universally Unique IDentifier + (UUID) as defined in RFC 4122 [RFC4122]. The UUID values + are expected to be unique within an installation of a + large-scale measurement system. + + uri A type representing a Uniform Resource Identifier as + defined in STD 66 [RFC3986]. + + ip-address A type representing an IP address. This type supports + both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. + + counter A non-negative integer that monotonically increases. + Counters may have discontinuities, and they are not + expected to persist across restarts. + + credentials An opaque type representing credentials needed by a + cryptographic mechanism to secure communication. Data + models must expand this opaque type as needed and + required by the security protocols utilized. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + data An opaque type representing data obtained from + measurements. + + Names of objects are generally assumed to be unique within an + implementation. + +4. LMAP Information Model + + The information described herein relates to the information stored, + received, or transmitted by a Measurement Agent as described within + the LMAP framework [RFC7594]. As such, some subsets of this + Information Model are applicable to the measurement Controller and + Collector and to any device management system that preconfigures the + Measurement Agent. The information described in these models will be + transmitted by protocols using interfaces between the Measurement + Agent and such systems according to a data model. + + The Information Model is divided into six aspects. Firstly, the + grouping of information facilitates reader understanding. Secondly, + the particular groupings chosen are expected to map to different + protocols or different transmissions within those protocols. + + 1. Preconfiguration Information. Information preconfigured on the + Measurement Agent prior to any communication with other + components of the LMAP architecture (i.e., the Controller, the + Collector, and Measurement Peers), specifically detailing how to + communicate with a Controller and whether the device is enabled + to participate as an MA. + + 2. Configuration Information. Update of the Preconfiguration + Information during the registration of the MA or subsequent + communication with the Controller, along with the configuration + of further parameters about the MA (rather than the Measurement + Tasks it should perform) that were not mandatory for the initial + communication between the MA and a Controller. + + 3. Instruction Information. Information that is received by the MA + from the Controller pertaining to the Measurement Tasks that + should be executed. This includes the Task execution Schedules + (other than the Controller communication Schedule supplied as + Configuration or Preconfiguration Information) and related + information such as the Task Configuration, communication + Channels to Collectors, and Event information. It also includes + Task Suppression information that is used to override normal Task + execution. + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + 4. Logging Information. Information transmitted from the MA to the + Controller detailing the results of any configuration operations + along with error and Status Information from the operation of the + MA. + + 5. Capability and Status Information. Information on the general + status and capabilities of the MA. For example, the set of + measurements that are supported on the device. + + 6. Reporting Information. Information transmitted from the MA to + one or more Collectors, including measurement results and the + context in which they were conducted. + + In addition, the MA may hold further information not described + herein, which may be optionally transferred to or from other systems + including the Controller and Collector. One example of information + in this category is subscriber or line information that may be + extracted by a Task and reported by the MA in the reporting + communication to a Collector. + + It should also be noted that the MA may be in communication with + other management systems that may be responsible for configuring and + retrieving information from the MA device. Such systems, where + available, can perform an important role in transferring the + Preconfiguration Information to the MA or enabling/disabling the + measurement functionality of the MA. + + The granularity of data transmitted in each operation of the Control + and Report Protocols is not dictated by the Information Model. For + example, the Instruction object may be delivered in a single + operation. Alternatively, Schedules and Task Configurations may be + separated or even each Schedule/Task Configuration may be delivered + individually. Similarly, the Information Model does not dictate + whether data is read, write, or read/write. For example, some + Control Protocols may have the ability to read back Configuration and + Instruction Information that has been previously set on the MA. + Lastly, while some protocols may simply overwrite information (for + example, refreshing the entire Instruction Information), other + protocols may have the ability to update or delete selected items of + information. + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The information modeled by the six aspects of the Information Model + is supported by a number of common information objects. These + objects are also described later in this document and are comprised + of: + + a. Schedules. A set of Schedules tells the MA to execute Actions. + An Action of a Schedule leads to the execution of a Task. + Without a Schedule, no Task (including measurements or reporting + or communicating with the Controller) is ever executed. + Schedules are used within the Instruction to specify what Tasks + should be performed, when, and how to direct their results. A + Schedule is also used within the Preconfiguration and + Configuration Information in order to execute the Task or Tasks + required to communicate with the Controller. A specific Schedule + can only be active once. Attempts to start a Schedule while the + same Schedule is still running will fail. + + b. Channels. A set of Channel objects are used to communicate with + a number of endpoints (i.e., the Controller and Collectors). + Each Channel object contains the information required for the + communication with a single endpoint such as the target location + and security details. + + c. Task Configurations. A set of Task Configurations is used to + configure the Tasks that are run by the MA. This includes the + registry entries for the Task and any configuration parameters, + represented as Task Options. Task Configurations are referenced + from a Schedule in order to specify what Tasks the MA should + execute. + + d. Events. A set of Event objects that can be referenced from the + Schedules. Each Schedule always references exactly one Event + object that determines when the Schedule is executed. An Event + object specifies either a singleton or a series of Events that + indicate when Tasks should be executed. A commonly used kind of + Event object is the Timing object. For Event objects specifying + a series of Events, it is generally a good idea to configure an + end time and to refresh the end time as needed to ensure that MAs + that lose connectivity to their Controller do not continue + executing Schedules forever. + + Figure 1 illustrates the structure in which these common information + objects are referenced. The references are achieved by each object + (Task Configuration, Event) being given a short textual name that is + used by other objects. The objects shown in parenthesis are part of + the internal object structure of a Schedule. Channels are not shown + in the diagram since they are only used as an option by selected Task + Configurations but are similarly referenced using a short text name. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + Schedule + |-- triggered by --> Event + | + |-- executes --> Action 1 + | |-- using --> Task Configuration + | | + | `-- feeding to --> Destination Schedule + : + : + `-- executes --> Action N + |-- using --> Task Configuration + | + `-- feeding to --> Destination Schedule + + Figure 1: Relationship between Schedules, Events, Actions, Task + Configurations, and Destination Schedules + + The primary function of an MA is to execute Schedules. A Schedule, + which is triggered by an Event, executes a number of Actions. An + Action refers to a configured Task, and it may feed results to a + Destination Schedule. Both Actions and configured Tasks can provide + parameters, represented as Action Options and Task Options. + + Tasks can implement a variety of different functions. While in terms + of the Information Model, all Tasks have the same structure, it can + help conceptually to think of different Task categories: + + 1. Measurement Tasks measure some aspect of network performance or + traffic. They may also capture contextual information from the + MA device or network interfaces such as the device type or + interface speed. + + 2. Data Transfer Tasks support the communication with a Controller + and Collectors: + + A. Reporting Tasks report the results of Measurement Tasks to + Collectors + + B. One or more Control Tasks implement the Control Protocol and + communicate with the Controller + + 3. Data Analysis Tasks can exist to analyze data from other + Measurement Tasks locally on the MA. + + 4. Data Management Tasks may exist to cleanup, filter, or compress + data on the MA such as Measurement Task results. + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + Figure 1 indicates that Actions can produce data that is fed into + Destination Schedules. This can by used by Actions implementing + Measurement Tasks to feed measurement results to a Schedule that + triggers Actions implementing Reporting Tasks. Data fed to a + Destination Schedule is consumed by the first Action of the + Destination Schedule if the Destination Schedule is using the + sequential or pipelined execution mode, and it is consumed by all + Actions of the Destination Schedule if the Destination Schedule is + using parallel execution mode. + +4.1. Preconfiguration Information + + This information is the minimal information that needs to be + preconfigured to the MA in order for it to successfully communicate + with a Controller during the registration process. Some of the + Preconfiguration Information elements are repeated in the + Configuration Information in order to allow an LMAP Controller to + update these items. The Preconfiguration Information also contains + some elements that are not under the control of the LMAP framework + (such as the device identifier and device security credentials). + + This Preconfiguration Information needs to include a URL of the + initial Controller from where Configuration Information can be + communicated along with the security information required for the + communication, including the certificate of the Controller (or the + certificate of the Certification Authority that was used to issue the + certificate for the Controller). All this is expressed as a Channel. + While multiple Channels may be provided in the Preconfiguration + Information, they must all be associated with a single Controller + (e.g., over different interfaces or network protocols). + + Where the MA pulls information from the Controller, the + Preconfiguration Information also needs to contain the timing of the + communication with the Controller as well as the nature of the + communication itself (such as the protocol and data to be + transferred). The timing is represented as an Event that invokes a + Schedule that executes the Task(s) responsible for communication with + the Controller. It is this Task (or Tasks) that implements the + Control Protocol between the MA and the Controller and utilizes the + Channel information. The Task(s) may take additional parameters, as + defined by a Task Configuration. + + Even where information is pushed to the MA from the Controller + (rather than pulled by the MA), a Schedule still needs to be + supplied. In this case, the Schedule will simply execute a + Controller listener Task when the MA is started. A Channel is still + required for the MA to establish secure communication with the + Controller. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + It can be seen that these Channels, Schedules, and Task + Configurations for the initial communication between the MA and its + Controller are no different in terms of the Information Model to any + other Channel, Schedule, or Task Configuration that might execute a + Measurement Task or report the measurement results (as described + later). + + The MA may be preconfigured with an MA-ID or may use a Device ID in + the first Controller contact before it is assigned an MA-ID. The + Device ID may be a Media Access Control (MAC) address or some other + device identifier expressed as a URI. If the MA-ID is not provided + at this stage, then it must be provided by the Controller during + Configuration. + +4.1.1. Definition of ma-preconfig-obj + + object { + [uuid ma-preconfig-agent-id;] + ma-task-obj ma-preconfig-control-tasks<1..*>; + ma-channel-obj ma-preconfig-control-channels<1..*>; + ma-schedule-obj ma-preconfig-control-schedules<1..*>; + [uri ma-preconfig-device-id;] + credentials ma-preconfig-credentials; + } ma-preconfig-obj; + + The ma-preconfig-obj describes information that needs to be available + to the MA in order to bootstrap communication with a Controller. The + ma-preconfig-obj consists of the following elements: + + ma-preconfig-agent-id: An optional UUID uniquely identifying + the Measurement Agent. + + ma-preconfig-control-tasks: An unordered set of Task objects. + + ma-preconfig-control-channels: An unordered set of Channel objects. + + ma-preconfig-control-schedules: An unordered set of scheduling + objects. + + ma-preconfig-device-id: An optional identifier for the + device. + + ma-preconfig-credentials: The security credentials used by the + Measurement Agent. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.2. Configuration Information + + During registration or at any later point at which the MA contacts + the Controller (or vice versa), the choice of Controller, details for + the timing of communication with the Controller, or parameters for + the communication Task(s) can be changed (as captured by the + Channels, Schedules, and Task Configurations objects). For example, + the preconfigured Controller (specified as a Channel or Channels) may + be overridden with a specific Controller that is more appropriate to + the MA device type, location, or characteristics of the network + (e.g., access technology type or broadband product). The initial + communication Schedule may be overridden with one more relevant to + routine communications between the MA and the Controller. + + While some Control Protocols may only use a single Schedule, other + protocols may use several Schedules (and related Data Transfer Tasks) + to update the Configuration Information, transfer the Instruction + Information, transfer Capability and Status Information, and send + other information to the Controller such as log or error + notifications. Multiple Channels may be used to communicate with the + same Controller over multiple interfaces (e.g., to send Logging + Information over a different network). + + In addition, the MA will be given further items of information that + relate specifically to the MA rather than the measurements it is to + conduct or how to report results. The assignment of an identifier to + the Measurement Agent is mandatory. If the Measurement Agent + Identifier was not optionally provided during the preconfiguration, + then one must be provided by the Controller during Configuration. + Optionally, a Group-ID may also be given that identifies a group of + interest to which that MA belongs. For example, the group could + represent an ISP, broadband product, technology, market + classification, geographic region, or a combination of multiple such + characteristics. Additional flags control whether the MA-ID or the + Group-ID are included in Reports. The reporting of a Group-ID + without the MA-ID may allow the MA to remain anonymous, which may be + particularly useful to prevent tracking of mobile MA devices. + + Optionally, an MA can also be configured to stop executing any + Instruction Schedule if the Controller is unreachable. This can be + used as a fail-safe to stop Measurement and other Tasks from being + conducted when there is doubt that the Instruction Information is + still valid. This is simply represented as a time window in seconds + since the last communication with the Controller, after which an + Event is generated that can trigger the suspension of Instruction + Schedules. The appropriate value of the time window will depend on + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + the specified communication Schedule with the Controller and the + duration for which the system is willing to tolerate continued + operation with potentially stale Instruction Information. + + While Preconfiguration Information is persistent upon a device reset + or power cycle, the persistency of the Configuration Information may + be device dependent. Some devices may revert back to their + preconfiguration state upon reboot or factory reset, while other + devices may store all Configuration and Instruction Information in + persistent storage. A Controller can check whether an MA has the + latest Configuration and Instruction Information by examining the + Capability and Status Information for the MA. + +4.2.1. Definition of ma-config-obj + + object { + uuid ma-config-agent-id; + ma-task-obj ma-config-control-tasks<1..*>; + ma-channel-obj ma-config-control-channels<1..*>; + ma-schedule-obj ma-config-control-schedules<1..*>; + credentials ma-config-credentials; + [string ma-config-group-id;] + [string ma-config-measurement-point;] + [boolean ma-config-report-agent-id;] + [boolean ma-config-report-group-id;] + [boolean ma-config-report-measurement-point;] + [int ma-config-controller-timeout;] + } ma-config-obj; + + The ma-config-obj consists of the following elements: + + ma-config-agent-id: A UUID uniquely identifying the + Measurement Agent. + + ma-config-control-tasks: An unordered set of Task objects. + + ma-config-control-channels: An unordered set of Channel + objects. + + ma-config-control-schedules: An unordered set of scheduling + objects. + + ma-config-credentials: The security credentials used by + the Measurement Agent. + + ma-config-group-id: An optional identifier of the + group of Measurement Agents this + Measurement Agent belongs to. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-config-measurement-point: An optional identifier for the + measurement point indicating + where the Measurement Agent is + located on a path (see [RFC7398] + for further details). + + ma-config-report-agent-id: An optional flag indicating + whether the Agent Identifier + (ma-config-agent-id) is included + in reports. The default value is + true. + + ma-config-report-group-id: An optional flag indicating + whether the Group-ID + (ma-config-group-id) is included + in reports. The default value is + false. + + ma-config-report-measurement-point: An optional flag indicating + whether the measurement point + (ma-config-measurement-point) + should be included in reports. + The default value is false. + + ma-config-controller-timeout: A timer is started after each + successful contact with a + Controller. When the timer + reaches the controller-timeout + (measured in seconds), an Event + is raised indicating that + connectivity to the Controller + has been lost (see + ma-controller-lost-obj). + +4.3. Instruction Information + + The Instruction Information Model has four sub-elements: + + 1. Instruction Task Configurations + + 2. Report Channels + + 3. Instruction Schedules + + 4. Suppression + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The Instruction supports the execution of all Tasks on the MA except + those that deal with communication with the Controller (specified in + Configuration or Preconfiguration Information). The Tasks are + configured in Instruction Task Configurations and included by + reference in the Actions of Instruction Schedules that specify when + to execute them. The results can be communicated to other Schedules, + or a Task may implement a Reporting Protocol and communicate results + over Report Channels. Suppression is used to temporarily stop the + execution of new Tasks as specified by the Instruction Schedules (and + optionally to stop ongoing Tasks). + + A Task Configuration is used to configure the mandatory and optional + parameters of a Task. It also serves to instruct the MA about the + Task including the ability to resolve the Task to an executable and + to specify the schema for the Task parameters. + + A Report Channel defines how to communicate with a single remote + system specified by a URL. A Report Channel is used to send results + to a single Collector but is no different in terms of the Information + Model to the Control Channel used to transfer information between the + MA and the Controller. Several Report Channels can be defined to + enable results to be split or duplicated across different + destinations. A single Channel can be used by multiple (reporting) + Task Configurations to transfer data to the same Collector. A single + Reporting Task Configuration can also be included in multiple + Schedules. For example, a single Collector may receive data at three + different cycle rates, with one Schedule reporting hourly, another + reporting daily, and a third specifying that results should be sent + immediately for on-demand Measurement Tasks. Alternatively, multiple + Report Channels can be used to send Measurement Task results to + different Collectors. The details of the Channel element is + described later as it is common to several objects. + + Instruction Schedules specify which Actions to execute according to a + given triggering Event. An Action extends a configured Task with + additional specific parameters. An Event can trigger the execution + of a single Action, or it can trigger a repeated series of Actions. + The Schedule also specifies how to link output data from Tasks to + other Schedules. + + Measurement Suppression information is used to override the + Instruction Schedule and temporarily stop measurements or other Tasks + from running on the MA for a defined or indefinite period. While + conceptually measurements can be stopped by simply removing them from + the Measurement Schedule, splitting out separate information on + Measurement Suppression allows this information to be updated on the + MA on a different timing cycle or protocol implementation to the + Measurement Schedule. It is also considered that it will be easier + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + for a human operator to implement a temporary explicit Suppression + rather than having to move to a reduced Schedule and then roll back + at a later time. + + It should be noted that Control Schedules and Tasks cannot be + suppressed as evidenced by the lack of Suppression information in the + Configuration. The Control Schedule must only reference Tasks listed + as Control Tasks (i.e., within the Configuration Information). + + A single Suppression object is able to enable/disable a set of + Instruction Tasks that are tagged for Suppression. This enables + fine-grained control on which Tasks are suppressed. Suppression of + both matching Actions and Measurement Schedules is supported. + Support for disabling specific Actions allows malfunctioning or + misconfigured Tasks or Actions that have an impact on a particular + part of the network infrastructure (e.g., a particular Measurement + Peer) to be targeted. Support for disabling specific Schedules + allows for particularly heavy cycles or sets of less essential + Measurement Tasks to be suppressed quickly and effectively. Note + that Suppression has no effect on either Controller Tasks or + Controller Schedules. + + Suppression stops new Tasks from executing. In addition, the + Suppression information also supports an additional boolean that is + used to select whether ongoing Tasks are also to be terminated. + + Unsuppression is achieved through either overwriting the Measurement + Suppression information (e.g., changing 'enabled' to False) or + through the use of an end time such that the Measurement Suppression + will no longer be in effect beyond this time. + + The goal when defining these four different elements is to allow each + part of the Information Model to change without affecting the other + three elements. For example, it is envisaged that the Report + Channels and the set of Task Configurations will be relatively + static. The Instruction Schedule, on the other hand, is likely to be + more dynamic, as the measurement panel and test frequency are changed + for various business goals. Another example is that measurements can + be suppressed with a Suppression command without removing the + existing Instruction Schedules that would continue to apply after the + Suppression expires or is removed. In terms of the communication + between the MA and its Controller, this can reduce the data overhead. + It also encourages the reuse of the same standard Task Configurations + and Reporting Channels to help ensure consistency and reduce errors. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.3.1. Definition of ma-instruction-obj + + object { + ma-task-obj ma-instruction-tasks<0..*>; + ma-channel-obj ma-instruction-channels<0..*>; + ma-schedule-obj ma-instruction-schedules<0..*>; + [ma-suppression-obj ma-instruction-suppressions<0..*>;] + } ma-instruction-obj; + + An ma-instruction-obj consists of the following elements: + + ma-instruction-tasks: A possibly empty unordered set of Task + objects. + + ma-instruction-channels: A possibly empty unordered set of + Channel objects. + + ma-instruction-schedules: A possibly empty unordered set of + Schedule objects. + + ma-instruction-suppressions: An optional possibly empty unordered + set of Suppression objects. + +4.3.2. Definition of ma-suppression-obj + + object { + string ma-suppression-name; + [ma-event-obj ma-suppression-start;] + [ma-event-obj ma-suppression-end;] + [string ma-suppression-match<0..*>;] + [boolean ma-suppression-stop-running;] + } ma-suppression-obj; + + The ma-suppression-obj controls the Suppression of Schedules or + Actions and consists of the following elements: + + ma-suppression-name: A name uniquely identifying a + Suppression. + + ma-suppression-start: The optional Event indicating when + Suppression starts. If not present, + the Suppression starts immediately, + i.e., as if the value would be + 'immediate'. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-suppression-end: The optional Event indicating when + Suppression ends. If not present, the + Suppression does not have a defined + end, i.e., the Suppression remains for + an indefinite period of time. + + ma-suppression-match: An optional and possibly empty + unordered set of match patterns. The + Suppression will apply to all Schedules + (and their Actions) that have a + matching value in their + ma-schedule-suppression-tags and all + Actions that have a matching value in + their ma-action-suppression-tags. + Pattern matching is done using a glob + style pattern (see below). + + ma-suppression-stop-running: An optional boolean indicating whether + Suppression will stop any running + matching Schedules or Actions. The + default value for this boolean is + false. + + Glob style pattern matching is following POSIX.2 fnmatch() [POSIX.2] + without special treatment of file paths: + + * matches a sequence of characters + ? matches a single character + [seq] matches any character in seq + [!seq] matches any character not in seq + + A backslash followed by a character matches the following character. + In particular: + + \* matches * + \? matches ? + \\ matches \ + + A sequence seq may be a sequence of characters (e.g., [abc]) or a + range of characters (e.g., [a-c]). + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.4. Logging Information + + The MA may report on the success or failure of Configuration or + Instruction communications from the Controller. In addition, further + operational logs may be produced during the operation of the MA, and + updates to Capabilities may also be reported. Reporting this + information is achieved in exactly the same manner as scheduling any + other Task. We make no distinction between a Measurement Task + conducting an active or passive network measurement and one that + solely retrieves static or dynamic information from the MA such as + Capabilities or Logging Information. One or more logging Tasks can + be programmed or configured to capture subsets of the Logging + Information. These logging Tasks are then executed by Schedules, + which also specify that the resultant data is to be transferred over + the Controller Channels. + + The type of Logging Information will fall into three different + categories: + + 1. Success/failure/warning messages in response to information + updates from the Controller. Failure messages could be produced + due to some inability to receive or parse the Controller + communication or if the MA is not able to act as instructed. For + example: + + * "Measurement Schedules updated OK" + + * "Unable to parse JSON" + + * "Missing mandatory element: Measurement Timing" + + * "'Start' does not conform to schema - expected datetime" + + * "Date specified is in the past" + + * "'Hour' must be in the range 1..24" + + * "Schedule A refers to non-existent Measurement Task + Configuration" + + * "Measurement Task Configuration X registry, entry Y not found" + + * "Updated Measurement Task Configurations do not include M used + by Measurement Schedule N" + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + 2. Operational updates from the MA. For example: + + * "Out of memory: cannot record result" + + * "Collector 'collector.example.com' not responding" + + * "Unexpected restart" + + * "Suppression timeout" + + * "Failed to execute Measurement Task Configuration H" + + 3. Status updates from the MA. For example: + + * "Device interface added: eth3" + + * "Supported measurements updated" + + * "New IP address on eth0: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" + + This Information Model document does not detail the precise format of + Logging Information since it is to a large extent protocol and MA + specific. However, some common information can be identified. + +4.4.1. Definition of ma-log-obj + + object { + uuid ma-log-agent-id; + datetime ma-log-event-time; + int ma-log-code; + string ma-log-description; + } ma-log-obj; + + The ma-log-obj models the generic aspects of a logging object and + consists of the following elements: + + ma-log-agent-id: A uuid uniquely identifying the Measurement + Agent. + + ma-log-event-time: The date and time of the Event reported in + the logging object. + + ma-log-code: A machine-readable code describing the + Event. + + ma-log-description: A human-readable description of the Event. + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.5. Capability and Status Information + + The MA will hold Capability Information that can be retrieved by a + Controller. Capabilities include the device interface details + available to Measurement Tasks as well as the set of Measurement + Tasks/Roles (specified by registry entries) that are actually + installed or available on the MA. Status Information includes the + times that operations were last performed such as contacting the + Controller or producing Reports. + +4.5.1. Definition of ma-capability-obj + + object { + string ma-capability-hardware; + string ma-capability-firmware; + string ma-capability-version; + [string ma-capability-tags<0..*>;] + [ma-capability-task-obj ma-capability-tasks<0..*>;] + } ma-capability-obj; + + The ma-capability-obj provides information about the Capabilities of + the Measurement Agent and consists of the following elements: + + ma-capability-hardware: A description of the hardware of the device + the Measurement Agent is running on. + + ma-capability-firmware: A description of the firmware of the device + the Measurement Agent is running on. + + ma-capability-version: The version of the Measurement Agent. + + ma-capability-tags: An optional unordered set of tags that + provide additional information about the + Capabilities of the Measurement Agent. + + ma-capability-tasks: An optional unordered set of capability + objects for each supported Task. + +4.5.2. Definition of ma-capability-task-obj + + object { + string ma-capability-task-name; + ma-registry-obj ma-capability-task-functions<0..*>; + string ma-capability-task-version; + } ma-capability-task-obj; + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The ma-capability-task-obj provides information about the capability + of a Task and consists of the following elements: + + ma-capability-task-name: A name uniquely identifying a Task. + + ma-capability-task-functions: A possibly empty unordered set of + registry entries identifying + functions this Task implements. + + ma-capability-task-version: The version of the Measurement Task. + +4.5.3. Definition of ma-status-obj + + object { + uuid ma-status-agent-id; + [uri ma-status-device-id;] + datetime ma-status-last-started; + ma-status-interface-obj ma-status-interfaces<0..*>; + [ma-status-schedule-obj ma-status-schedules<0..*>;] + [ma-status-suppression-obj ma-status-suppressions<0..*>;] + } ma-status-obj; + + The ma-status-obj provides Status Information about the Measurement + Agent and consists of the following elements: + + ma-status-agent-id: A uuid uniquely identifying the Measurement + Agent. + + ma-status-device-id: A URI identifying the device. + + ma-status-last-started: The date and time the Measurement Agent + last started. + + ma-status-interfaces: An unordered set of network interfaces + available on the device. + + ma-status-schedules: An optional unordered set of status objects + for each Schedule. + + ma-status-suppressions: An optional unordered set of status objects + for each Suppression. + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.5.4. Definition of ma-status-schedule-obj + + object { + string ma-status-schedule-name; + string ma-status-schedule-state; + int ma-status-schedule-storage; + counter ma-status-schedule-invocations; + counter ma-status-schedule-suppressions; + counter ma-status-schedule-overlaps; + counter ma-status-schedule-failures; + datetime ma-status-schedule-last-invocation; + [ma-status-action-obj ma-status-schedule-actions<0..*>;] + } ma-status-schedule-obj; + + The ma-status-schedule-obj provides Status Information about the + status of a Schedule and consists of the following elements: + + ma-status-schedule-name: The name of the Schedule this + status object refers to. + + ma-status-schedule-state: The state of the Schedule. The + value 'enabled' indicates that + the Schedule is currently + enabled. The value 'suppressed' + indicates that the Schedule is + currently suppressed. The value + 'disabled' indicates that the + Schedule is currently disabled. + The value 'running' indicates + that the Schedule is currently + running. + + ma-status-schedule-storage: The amount of secondary storage + (e.g., allocated in a file + system) holding temporary data + allocated to the Schedule in + bytes. This object reports the + amount of allocated physical + storage and not the storage used + by logical data records. Data + models should use a 64-bit + integer type. + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-status-schedule-invocations Number of invocations of this + Schedule. This counter does not + include suppressed invocations or + invocations that were prevented + due to an overlap with a previous + invocation of this Schedule. + + ma-status-schedule-suppressions Number of suppressed executions + of this Schedule. + + ma-status-schedule-overlaps Number of executions prevented + due to overlaps with a previous + invocation of this Schedule. + + ma-status-schedule-failures Number of failed executions of + this Schedule. A failed + execution is an execution where + at least one Action failed. + + ma-status-schedule-last-invocation: The date and time of the last + invocation of this Schedule. + + ma-status-schedule-actions: An optional ordered list of + status objects for each Action of + the Schedule. + +4.5.5. Definition of ma-status-action-obj + + object { + string ma-status-action-name; + string ma-status-action-state; + int ma-status-action-storage; + counter ma-status-action-invocations; + counter ma-status-action-suppressions; + counter ma-status-action-overlaps; + counter ma-status-action-failures; + datetime ma-status-action-last-invocation; + datetime ma-status-action-last-completion; + int ma-status-action-last-status; + string ma-status-action-last-message; + datetime ma-status-action-last-failed-completion; + int ma-status-action-last-failed-status; + string ma-status-action-last-failed-message; + } ma-status-action-obj; + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The ma-status-action-obj provides Status Information about an Action + of a Schedule and consists of the following elements: + + ma-status-action-name: The name of the Action of a + Schedule this status object + refers to. + + ma-status-action-state: The state of the Action. + The value 'enabled' + indicates that the Action is + currently enabled. The + value 'suppressed' indicates + that the Action is currently + suppressed. The value + 'disabled' indicates that + the Action is currently + disabled. The value + 'running' indicates that the + Action is currently running. + + ma-status-action-storage: The amount of secondary + storage (e.g., allocated in + a file system) holding + temporary data allocated to + the Action in bytes. This + object reports the amount of + allocated physical storage + and not the storage used by + logical data records. Data + models should use a 64-bit + integer type. + + ma-status-action-invocations Number of invocations of + this Action. This counter + does not include suppressed + invocations or invocations + that were prevented due to + an overlap with a previous + invocation of this Action. + + ma-status-action-suppressions Number of suppressed + executions of this Action. + + ma-status-action-overlaps Number of executions + prevented due to overlaps + with a previous invocation + of this Action. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-status-action-failures Number of failed executions + of this Action. + + ma-status-action-last-invocation: The date and time of the + last invocation of this + Action. + + ma-status-action-last-completion: The date and time of the + last completion of this + Action. + + ma-status-action-last-status: The status code returned by + the last execution of this + Action. + + ma-status-action-last-message: The status message produced + by the last execution of + this Action. + + ma-status-action-last-failed-completion: The date and time of the + last failed completion of + this Action. + + ma-status-action-last-failed-status: The status code returned by + the last failed execution of + this Action. + + ma-status-action-last-failed-message: The status message produced + by the last failed execution + of this Action. + +4.5.6. Definition of ma-status-suppression-obj + + object { + string ma-status-suppression-name; + string ma-status-suppression-state; + } ma-status-suppression-obj; + + The ma-status-suppression-obj provides Status Information about the + status of a Suppression and consists of the following elements: + + ma-status-suppression-name: The name of the Suppression this status + object refers to. + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-status-suppression-state: The state of the Suppression. The + value 'enabled' indicates that the + Suppression is currently enabled. The + value 'active' indicates that the + Suppression is currently active. The + value 'disabled' indicates that the + Suppression is currently disabled. + +4.5.7. Definition of ma-status-interface-obj + + object { + string ma-status-interface-name; + string ma-status-interface-type; + [int ma-status-interface-speed;] + [string ma-status-interface-link-layer-address;] + [ip-address ma-status-interface-ip-addresses<0..*>;] + [ip-address ma-status-interface-gateways<0..*>;] + [ip-address ma-status-interface-dns-servers<0..*>;] + } ma-status-interface-obj; + + The ma-status-interface-obj provides Status Information about network + interfaces and consists of the following elements: + + ma-status-interface-name: A name uniquely identifying a + network interface. + + ma-status-interface-type: The type of the network + interface. + + ma-status-interface-speed: An optional indication of the + speed of the interface + (measured in bits per + second). + + ma-status-interface-link-layer-address: An optional link-layer + address of the interface. + + ma-status-interface-ip-addresses: An optional ordered list of + IP addresses assigned to the + interface. + + ma-status-interface-gateways: An optional ordered list of + gateways assigned to the + interface. + + ma-status-interface-dns-servers: An optional ordered list of + DNS servers assigned to the + interface. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.6. Reporting Information + + At a point in time specified by a Schedule, the MA will execute Tasks + that communicate a set of measurement results to the Collector. + These Reporting Tasks will be configured to transmit Task results + over a specified Report Channel to a Collector. + + It should be noted that the output from Tasks does not need to be + sent to communication Channels. It can alternatively, or + additionally, be sent to other Tasks on the MA. This facilitates + using a first Measurement Task to control the operation of a later + Measurement Task (such as first probing available line speed and then + adjusting the operation of a video testing measurement) and also to + allow local processing of data to output alarms (e.g., when + performance drops from earlier levels). Of course, subsequent Tasks + also include Tasks that implement the Reporting Protocol(s) and + transfer data to one or more Collectors. + + The Report generated by a Reporting Task is structured hierarchically + to avoid repetition of report header and Measurement Task + Configuration information. The report starts with the timestamp of + the report generation on the MA and details about the MA including + the optional Measurement Agent Identifier and Group-ID (controlled by + the Configuration Information). + + Much of the report information is optional and will depend on the + implementation of the Reporting Task and any parameters defined in + the Task Configuration for the Reporting Task. For example, some + Reporting Tasks may choose not to include the Measurement Task + Configuration or Action parameters, while others may do so dependent + on the Controller setting a configurable parameter in the Task + Configuration. + + It is possible for a Reporting Task to send just the report header + (datetime and optional Agent Identifier and/or Group-ID) if no + measurement data is available. Whether to send such empty reports + again is dependent on the implementation of the Reporting Task and + potential Task Configuration parameter. + + The handling of measurement data on the MA before generating a Report + and transfer from the MA to the Collector is dependent on the + implementation of the device, MA, and/or scheduled Tasks and not + defined by the LMAP standards. Such decisions may include limits to + the measurement data storage and what to do when such available + storage becomes depleted. It is generally suggested that + implementations running out of storage stop executing new Measurement + Tasks and retain old measurement data. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + No context information, such as line speed or broadband product are + included within the report header information as this data is + reported by individual Tasks at the time they execute. Either a + Measurement Task can report contextual parameters that are relevant + to that particular measurement or specific Tasks can be used to + gather a set of contextual and environmental data at certain times + independent of the Reporting Schedule. + + After the report header information, the results are reported grouped + according to different Measurement Task Configurations. Each Task + section optionally starts with replicating the Measurement Task + Configuration information before the result headers (titles for data + columns) and the result data rows. The Options reported are those + used for the scheduled execution of the Measurement Task and + therefore include the Options specified in the Task Configuration as + well as additional Options specified in the Action. The Action + Options are appended to the Task Configuration Options in exactly the + same order as they were provided to the Task during execution. + + The result row data includes a time for the start of the measurement + and optionally an end time where the duration also needs to be + considered in the data analysis. + + Some Measurement Tasks may optionally include an indication of the + cross-traffic although the definition of cross-traffic is left up to + each individual Measurement Task. Some Measurement Tasks may also + output other environmental measures in addition to cross-traffic such + as CPU utilization or interface speed. + + Whereas the Configuration and Instruction Information represent + information transmitted via the Control Protocol, the Report + represents the information that is transmitted via the Report + Protocol. It is constructed at the time of sending a report and + represents the inherent structure of the information that is sent to + the Collector. + +4.6.1. Definition of ma-report-obj + + object { + datetime ma-report-date; + [uuid ma-report-agent-id;] + [string ma-report-group-id;] + [string ma-report-measurement-point;] + [ma-report-result-obj ma-report-results<0..*>;] + } ma-report-obj; + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The ma-report-obj provides the metadata of a single report and + consists of the following elements: + + ma-report-date: The date and time when the report was + sent to a Collector. + + ma-report-agent-id: An optional uuid uniquely identifying + the Measurement Agent. + + ma-report-group-id: An optional identifier of the group of + Measurement Agents this Measurement + Agent belongs to. + + ma-report-measurement-point: An optional identifier for the + measurement point indicating where the + Measurement Agent is located on a path + (see [RFC7398] for further details). + + ma-report-results: An optional and possibly empty + unordered set of result objects. + +4.6.2. Definition of ma-report-result-obj + + object { + string ma-report-result-schedule-name; + string ma-report-result-action-name; + string ma-report-result-task-name; + [ma-option-obj ma-report-result-options<0..*>;] + [string ma-report-result-tags<0..*>;] + datetime ma-report-result-event-time; + datetime ma-report-result-start-time; + [datetime ma-report-result-end-time;] + [string ma-report-result-cycle-number;] + int ma-report-result-status; + [ma-report-conflict-obj ma-report-result-conflicts<0..*>;] + [ma-report-table-obj ma-report-result-tables<0..*>;] + } ma-report-result-obj; + + The ma-report-result-obj provides the metadata of a result report of + a single executed Action. It consists of the following elements: + + ma-report-result-schedule-name: The name of the Schedule that + produced the result. + + ma-report-result-action-name: The name of the Action in the + Schedule that produced the result. + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-report-result-task-name: The name of the Task that produced + the result. + + ma-report-result-options: An optional ordered joined list of + options provided by the Task object + and the Action object when the Action + was started. + + ma-report-result-tags: An optional unordered set of tags. + This is the joined set of tags + provided by the Task object, Action + object, and Schedule object when the + Action was started. + + ma-report-result-event-time: The date and time of the Event that + triggered the Schedule of the Action + that produced the reported result + values. The date and time does not + include any added randomization. + + ma-report-result-start-time: The date and time of the start of the + Action that produced the reported + result values. + + ma-report-result-end-time: An optional date and time indicating + when the Action finished. + + ma-report-result-cycle-number: An optional cycle number derived from + ma-report-result-event-time. It is + the time closest to + ma-report-result-event-time that is a + multiple of the + ma-event-cycle-interval of the Event + that triggered the execution of the + Schedule. The value is only present + in an ma-report-result-obj if the + Event that triggered the execution of + the Schedule has a defined + ma-event-cycle-interval. The cycle + number is represented in the format + YYYYMMDD.HHMMSS where YYYY represents + the year, MM the month (1..12), DD + the day of the months (01..31), HH + the hour (00..23), MM the minute + (00..59), and SS the second (00..59). + The cycle number is using Coordinated + Universal Time (UTC). + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-report-result-status: The status code returned by the + execution of the Action. + + ma-report-result-conflicts: A possibly empty set of conflict + Actions that might have impacted the + measurement results being reported. + + ma-report-result-tables: An optional and possibly empty + unordered set of result tables. + +4.6.3. Definition of ma-report-conflict-obj + + object { + string ma-report-conflict-schedule-name; + string ma-report-conflict-action-name; + string ma-report-conflict-task-name; + } ma-report-conflict-obj; + + The ma-report-conflict-obj provides the information about a + conflicting Action that might have impacted the measurement results. + It consists of the following elements: + + ma-report-result-schedule-name: The name of the Schedule that may + have impacted the result. + + ma-report-result-action-name: The name of the Action in the + Schedule that may have impacted the + result. + + ma-report-result-task-name: The name of the Task that may have + impacted the result. + +4.6.4. Definition of ma-report-table-obj + + object { + [ma-registry-obj ma-report-table-functions<0..*>;] + [string] ma-report-table-column-labels<0..*>;] + [ma-report-row-obj ma-report-table-rows<0..*>;] + } ma-report-table-obj; + + The ma-report-table-obj represents a result table and consists of the + following elements: + + ma-report-table-functions: An optional and possibly empty + unordered set of registry entries + identifying the functions for which + results are reported. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-report-table-column-labels: An optional and possibly empty + ordered list of column labels. + + ma-report-table-rows: A possibly empty ordered list of + result rows. + +4.6.5. Definition of ma-report-row-obj + + object { + data ma-report-row-values<0..*>; + } ma-report-row-obj; + + The ma-report-row-obj represents a result row and consists of the + following elements: + + ma-report-row-values: A possibly empty ordered list of result + values. When present, it contains an + ordered list of values that align to the + set of column labels for the report. + +4.7. Common Objects: Schedules + + A Schedule specifies the execution of a single or repeated series of + Actions. An Action extends a configured Task with additional + specific parameters. Each Schedule contains basically two elements: + an ordered list of Actions to be executed and an Event object + triggering the execution of the Schedule. The Schedule states what + Actions to run (with what configuration) and when to run the Actions. + A Schedule may optionally have an Event that stops the execution of + the Schedule or a maximum duration after which a Schedule is stopped. + + Multiple Actions contained as an ordered list of a single Measurement + Schedule will be executed according to the execution mode of the + Schedule. In sequential mode, Actions will be executed sequentially + and in parallel mode, all Actions will be executed concurrently. In + pipelined mode, data produced by one Action is passed to the + subsequent Action. Actions contained in different Schedules execute + in parallel with such conflicts being reported in the Reporting + Information where necessary. If two or more Schedules have the same + start time, then the two will execute in parallel. There is no + mechanism to prioritize one Schedule over another or to mutex + scheduled Tasks. + + As well as specifying which Actions to execute, the Schedule also + specifies how to link the data outputs from each Action to other + Schedules. Specifying this within the Schedule allows the highest + level of flexibility since it is even possible to send the output + from different executions of the same Task Configuration to different + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + destinations. A single Task producing multiple different outputs is + expected to properly tag the different results. An Action receiving + the output can then filter the results based on the tag if necessary. + For example, a Measurement Task might report routine results to a + data Reporting Task in a Schedule that communicates hourly via the + broadband interface, but it also outputs emergency conditions via an + alarm Reporting Task in a different Schedule communicating + immediately over a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Channel. Note + that Task-to-Task data transfer is always specified in association + with the scheduled execution of the sending Task -- there is no need + for a corresponding input specification for the receiving Task. + While it is likely that an MA implementation will use a queue + mechanism between the Schedules or Actions, this Information Model + does not mandate or define a queue. The Information Model, however, + reports the storage allocated to Schedules and Actions so that + storage usage can be monitored. Furthermore, it is recommended that + MA implementations by default retain old data and stop the execution + of new Measurement Tasks if the MA runs out of storage capacity. + + When specifying the Task to execute within the Schedule, i.e., + creating an Action, it is possible to add to the Option parameters. + This allows the Task Configuration to determine the common + characteristics of a Task, while selected parameters (e.g., the test + target URL) are defined within as Option parameters of the Action in + the Schedule. A single Task's Configuration can even be used + multiple times in the same Schedule with different additional + parameters. This allows for efficiency in creating and transferring + the Instruction. Note that the semantics of what happens if an + Option is defined multiple times (in either the Task Configuration, + the Action, or both) is not standardized and will depend upon the + Task. For example, some Tasks may legitimately take multiple values + for a single parameter. + + Where Options are specified in both the Action and the Task + Configuration, the Action Options are appended to those specified in + the Task Configuration. + + Example: An Action of a Schedule references a single Measurement + Task Configuration for measuring UDP latency. It specifies that + results are to be sent to a Schedule with a Reporting Action. + This Reporting Task of the Reporting Action is executed by a + separate Schedule that specifies that it should run hourly at 5 + minutes past the hour. When run, this Reporting Action takes the + data generated by the UDP latency Measurement Task as well as any + other data to be included in the hourly report and transfers it to + the Collector over the Report Channel specified within its own + Schedule. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + Schedules and Actions may optionally also be given tags that are + included in result reports sent to a Collector. In addition, + Schedules can be given Suppression tags that may be used to select + Schedules and Actions for Suppression. + +4.7.1. Definition of ma-schedule-obj + + object { + string ma-schedule-name; + ma-event-obj ma-schedule-start; + [ma-event-obj ma-schedule-end;] + [int ma-schedule-duration;] + ma-action-obj ma-schedule-actions<0..*>; + string ma-schedule-execution-mode; + [string ma-schedule-tags<0..*>;] + [string ma-schedule-suppression-tags<0..*>;] + } ma-schedule-obj; + + The ma-schedule-obj is the main scheduling object. It consists of + the following elements: + + ma-schedule-name: A name uniquely identifying a + scheduling object. + + ma-schedule-start: An Event object indicating when the + Schedule starts. + + ma-schedule-end: An optional Event object controlling + the forceful termination of scheduled + Actions. When the Event occurs, all + Actions of the Schedule will be forced + to terminate gracefully. + + ma-schedule-duration: An optional duration in seconds for the + Schedule. All Actions of the Schedule + will be forced to terminate gracefully + after the duration number of seconds + past the start of the Schedule. + + ma-schedule-actions: A possibly empty ordered list of + Actions to invoke when the Schedule + starts. + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-schedule-execution-mode: Indicates whether the Actions should be + executed sequentially, in parallel, or + in a pipelined mode (where data + produced by one Action is passed to the + subsequent Action). The default + execution mode is pipelined. + + ma-schedule-tags: An optional unordered set of tags that + are reported together with the + measurement results to a Collector. + + ma-schedule-suppression-tags: An optional unordered set of + Suppression tags that are used to + select Schedules to be suppressed. + +4.7.2. Definition of ma-action-obj + + object { + string ma-action-name; + string ma-action-config-task-name; + [ma-option-obj ma-action-task-options<0..*>;] + [string ma-action-destinations<0..*>;] + [string ma-action-tags<0..*>;] + [string ma-action-suppression-tags<0..*>;] + } ma-action-obj; + + The ma-action-obj models a Task together with its Schedule-specific + Task Options and Destination Schedules. It consists of the following + elements: + + ma-action-name: A name uniquely identifying an Action + of a scheduling object. + + ma-action-config-task-name: A name identifying the configured Task + to be invoked by the Action. + + ma-action-task-options: An optional and possibly empty ordered + list of options (name-value pairs) that + are passed to the Task by appending + them to the options configured for the + Task object. + + ma-action-destinations: An optional and possibly empty + unordered set of names of Destination + Schedules that consume output produced + by this Action. + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-action-tags: An optional unordered set of tags that + are reported together with the + measurement results to a Collector. + + ma-action-suppression-tags: An optional unordered set of + Suppression tags that are used to + select Actions to be suppressed. + +4.8. Common Objects: Channels + + A Channel defines a bidirectional communication mechanism between the + MA and a Controller or Collector. Multiple Channels can be defined + to enable results to be split or duplicated across different + Collectors. + + Each Channel contains the details of the remote endpoint (including + location and security credential information such as a certificate). + The timing of when to communicate over a Channel is specified by the + Schedule, which executes the corresponding Control or Reporting Task. + The certificate can be the digital certificate associated to the + Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) in the URL, or it can be the + certificate of the Certification Authority that was used to issue the + certificate for the FQDN of the target URL (which will be retrieved + later on using a communication protocol such as Transport Layer + Security (TLS)). In order to establish a secure Channel, the MA will + use its own security credentials (in the Configuration Information) + and the given credentials for the individual Channel endpoint. + + As with the Task Configurations, each Channel is also given a text + name by which it can be referenced as a Task Option. + + Although the same in terms of information, Channels used for + communication with the Controller are referred to as Control Channels + whereas Channels to Collectors are referred to as Report Channels. + Hence, Control Channels will be referenced from Control Tasks + executed by a Control Schedule, whereas Report Channels will be + referenced from within Reporting Tasks executed by an Instruction + Schedule. + + Multiple interfaces are also supported. For example, the Reporting + Task could be configured to send some results over GPRS. This is + especially useful when such results indicate the loss of connectivity + on a different network interface. + + Example: A Channel used for reporting results may specify that + results are to be sent to the URL (https://collector.example.org/ + report/), using the appropriate digital certificate to establish a + secure Channel. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.8.1. Definition of ma-channel-obj + + object { + string ma-channel-name; + url ma-channel-target; + credentials ma-channel-credentials; + [string ma-channel-interface-name;] + } ma-channel-obj; + + The ma-channel-obj consists of the following elements: + + ma-channel-name: A unique name identifying the Channel + object. + + ma-channel-target: A URL identifying the target Channel + endpoint. + + ma-channel-credentials: The security credentials needed to + establish a secure Channel. + + ma-channel-interface-name: An optional name of the network interface + to be used. If not present, the IP + protocol stack will select a suitable + interface. + +4.9. Common Objects: Task Configurations + + Conceptually, each Task Configuration defines the parameters of a + Task that the MA may perform at some point in time. It does not by + itself actually instruct the MA to perform them at any particular + time (this is done by a Schedule). Tasks can be Measurement Tasks + (i.e., those Tasks actually performing some type of passive or active + measurement) or any other scheduled activity performed by the MA such + as transferring information to or from the Controller and Collectors. + Other examples of Tasks may include data manipulation or processing + Tasks conducted on the MA. + + A Measurement Task Configuration is the same in information terms to + any other Task Configuration. Both Measurement and non-Measurement + Tasks may have registry entries to enable the MA to uniquely identify + the Task it should execute and retrieve the schema for any parameters + that may be passed to the Task. Registry entries are specified as a + URI and can therefore be used to identify the Task within a namespace + or point to a web or local file location for the Task information. + As mentioned previously, these URIs may be used to identify the + Measurement Task in a public namespace such as the to-be-created IPPM + registry described in [IPPM-REG]. + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + Example: A Measurement Task Configuration may configure a single + Measurement Task for measuring UDP latency. The Measurement Task + Configuration could define the destination port and address for + the measurement as well as the duration, internal packet timing + strategy, and other parameters (for example, a stream for one hour + and sending one packet every 500 ms). It may also define the + output type and possible parameters (for example, the output type + can be the 95th percentile mean) where the Measurement Task + accepts such parameters. It does not define when the Task starts + (this is defined by the Schedule element), so it does not by + itself instruct the MA to actually perform this Measurement Task. + + The Task Configuration will include a local short name for reference + by a Schedule. Task Configurations may also refer to registry + entries as described above. In addition, the Task can be configured + through a set of configuration Options. The nature and number of + these Options will depend upon the Task. These Options are expressed + as name-value pairs, although the 'value' may be a structured object + instead of a simple string or numeric value. The implementation of + these name-value pairs will vary between data models. + + An Option that must be present for Reporting Tasks is the Channel + reference specifying how to communicate with a Collector. This is + included in the Task Options and will have a value that matches a + Channel name that has been defined in the Instruction. Similarly, + Control Tasks will have a similar Option with the value set to a + specified Control Channel. + + A Reporting Task might also have a flag parameter, defined as an + Option, to indicate whether to send a report without measurement + results if there is no measurement result data pending to be + transferred to the Collector. In addition, many Tasks will receive + (as a parameter) information about which interface to use. + + In addition, the Task Configuration may optionally also be given tags + that can carry a Measurement Cycle ID. The purpose of this ID is to + easily identify a set of measurement results that have been produced + by Measurement Tasks with comparable Options. This ID could be + manually incremented or otherwise changed when an Option change is + implemented, which could mean that two sets of results should not be + directly compared. + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.9.1. Definition of ma-task-obj + + object { + string ma-task-name; + ma-registry-obj ma-task-functions<0..*>; + [ma-option-obj ma-task-options<0..*>;] + [string ma-task-tags<0..*>;] + } ma-task-obj; + + The ma-task-obj defines a configured Task that can be invoked as part + of an Action. A configured Task can be referenced by its name, and + it contains a possibly empty set of URIs to link to registry entries. + Options allow the configuration of Task parameters (in the form of + name-value pairs). The ma-task-obj consists of the following + elements: + + ma-task-name: A name uniquely identifying a configured + Task object. + + ma-task-functions: A possibly empty unordered set of registry + entries identifying the functions of the + configured Task. + + ma-task-options: An optional and possibly empty ordered list + of options (name-value pairs) that are + passed to the configured Task. + + ma-task-tags: An optional unordered set of tags that are + reported together with the measurement + results to a Collector. + +4.9.2. Definition of ma-option-obj + + object { + string ma-option-name; + [object ma-option-value;] + } ma-option-obj; + + The ma-option-obj models a name-value pair and consists of the + following elements: + + ma-option-name: The name of the option. + + ma-option-value: The optional value of the option. + + The ma-option-obj is used to define Task Configuration Options. Task + Configuration Options are generally Task specific. For Tasks + associated with an entry in a registry, the registry may define well- + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + known option names (e.g., the so-called parameters in the to-be- + created IPPM metric registry described in [IPPM-REG]). Control and + Reporting Tasks need to know the Channel they are going to use. The + common option name for specifying the Channel is "channel" where the + option's value refers to the name of an ma-channel-obj. + +4.10. Common Objects: Registry Information + + Tasks and Actions can be associated with entries in a registry. A + registry object refers to an entry in a registry (identified by a + URI), and it may define a set of roles. + +4.10.1. Definition of ma-registry-obj + + object { + uri ma-registry-uri; + [string ma-registry-role<0..*>;] + } ma-registry-obj; + + The ma-registry-obj refers to an entry of a registry, and it defines + the associated role(s). The ma-registry-obj consists of the + following elements: + + ma-registry-uri: A URI identifying an entry in a registry. + + ma-registry-role: An optional and possibly empty unordered + set of roles for the identified registry + entry. + +4.11. Common Objects: Event Information + + The Event information object used throughout the Information Models + can initially take one of several different forms. Additional forms + may be defined later in order to bind the execution of Schedules to + additional Events. The initially defined Event forms are: + + 1. Periodic Timing: Emits multiple Events periodically according to + an interval time defined in seconds + + 2. Calendar Timing: Emits multiple Events according to a calendar- + based pattern, e.g., 22 minutes past each hour of the day on + weekdays + + 3. One-Off Timing: Emits one Event at a specific date and time + + 4. Immediate: Emits one Event as soon as possible + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + 5. Startup: Emits an Event whenever the MA is started (e.g., at + device startup) + + 6. Controller Lost: Emits an Event when connectivity to the + Controller has been lost + + 7. Controller Connected: Emits an Event when connectivity to the + Controller has been established or re-established + + Optionally, each of the Event options may also specify a randomness + that should be evaluated and applied separately to each indicated + Event. This randomness parameter defines a uniform interval in + seconds over which the start of the Task is delayed from the starting + times specified by the Event object. + + Both the periodic and calendar timing objects allow for a series of + Actions to be executed. While both have an optional end time, it is + best practice to always configure an end time and refresh the + information periodically to ensure that lost MAs do not continue + their Tasks forever. + + Startup Events are only created on device startup, not when a new + Instruction is transferred to the MA. If scheduled Task execution is + desired both on the transfer of the Instruction and on device + restart, then both the Immediate and Startup timing needs to be used + in conjunction. + + The datetime format used for all elements in the Information Model + MUST conform to RFC 3339 [RFC3339]. + +4.11.1. Definition of ma-event-obj + + object { + string ma-event-name; + union { + ma-periodic-obj ma-event-periodic; + ma-calendar-obj ma-event-calendar; + ma-one-off-obj ma-event-one-off; + ma-immediate-obj ma-event-immediate; + ma-startup-obj ma-event-startup; + ma-controller-lost-obj ma-event-controller-lost; + ma-controller-connected-obj ma-event-controller-connected; + } + [int ma-event-random-spread;] + [int ma-event-cycle-interval;] + } ma-event-obj; + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + The ma-event-obj is the main Event object. Event objects are + identified by a name. A generic Event object itself contains a more + specific Event object. The set of specific Event objects should be + extensible. The initial set of specific Event objects is further + described below. The ma-event-obj also includes an optional uniform + random spread that can be used to randomize the start times of + Schedules triggered by an Event. The ma-event-obj consists of the + following elements: + + ma-event-name: The name uniquely identifies an Event + object. Schedules refer to Event + objects by this name. + + ma-event-periodic: The ma-event-periodic is present for + periodic timing objects. + + ma-event-calendar: The ma-event-calendar is present for + calendar timing objects. + + ma-event-one-off: The ma-event-one-off is present for + one-off timing objects. + + ma-event-immediate: The ma-event-immediate is present for + immediate Event objects. + + ma-event-startup: The ma-event-startup is present for + startup Event objects. + + ma-event-controller-lost: The ma-event-controller-lost is + present for connectivity to + Controller lost Event objects. + + ma-event-controller-connected: The ma-event-controller-connected is + present for connectivity to + Controller established Event objects. + + ma-event-random-spread: The optional ma-event-random-spread + adds a random delay defined in + seconds to the Event object. No + random delay is added if + ma-event-random-spread does not + exist. + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-event-cycle-interval: The optional ma-event-cycle-interval + defines the duration of the time + interval in seconds that is used to + calculate cycle numbers. No cycle + number is calculated if + ma-event-cycle-interval does not + exist. + +4.11.2. Definition of ma-periodic-obj + + object { + [datetime ma-periodic-start;] + [datetime ma-periodic-end;] + int ma-periodic-interval; + } ma-periodic-obj; + + The ma-periodic-obj timing object has an optional start and an + optional end time plus a periodic interval. Schedules using an + ma-periodic-obj are started periodically between the start and end + time. The ma-periodic-obj consists of the following elements: + + ma-periodic-start: The optional date and time at which + Schedules using this object are first + started. If not present, it defaults to + immediate. + + ma-periodic-end: The optional date and time at which + Schedules using this object are last + started. If not present, it defaults to + indefinite. + + ma-periodic-interval: The interval defines the time in seconds + between two consecutive starts of Tasks. + +4.11.3. Definition of ma-calendar-obj + + Calendar timing supports the routine execution of Schedules at + specific times and/or on specific dates. It can support more + flexible timing than periodic timing since the execution of Schedules + does not have to be uniformly spaced. For example, a calendar timing + could support the execution of a Measurement Task every hour between + 6 pm and midnight on weekdays only. + + Calendar timing is also required to perform measurements at + meaningful times in relation to network usage (e.g., at peak times). + If the optional time zone offset is not supplied, then local system + time is assumed. This is essential in some use cases to ensure + consistent peak-time measurements as well as supporting MA devices + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + that may be in an unknown time zone or to roam between different time + zones (but know their own time zone information such as through the + mobile network). + + The calendar elements within the calendar timing do not have defaults + in order to avoid accidental high-frequency execution of Tasks. If + all possible values for an element are desired, then the wildcard * + is used. + + object { + [datetime ma-calendar-start;] + [datetime ma-calendar-end;] + [string ma-calendar-months<0..*>;] + [string ma-calendar-days-of-week<0..*>;] + [string ma-calendar-days-of-month<0..*>;] + [string ma-calendar-hours<0..*>;] + [string ma-calendar-minutes<0..*>;] + [string ma-calendar-seconds<0..*>;] + [int ma-calendar-timezone-offset;] + } ma-calendar-obj; + + ma-calendar-start: The optional date and time at which + Schedules using this object are first + started. If not present, it defaults + to immediate. + + ma-calendar-end: The optional date and time at which + Schedules using this object are last + started. If not present, it defaults + to indefinite. + + ma-calendar-months: The optional set of months (1-12) on + which Tasks scheduled using this object + are started. The wildcard * means all + months. If not present, it defaults to + no months. + + ma-calendar-days-of-week: The optional set of days of a week + ("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", + "Sat", "Sun") on which Tasks scheduled + using this object are started. The + wildcard * means all days of the week. + If not present, it defaults to no days. + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + ma-calendar-days-of-month: The optional set of days of a month + (1-31) on which Tasks scheduled using + this object are started. The wildcard + * means all days of a month. If not + present, it defaults to no days. + + ma-calendar-hours: The optional set of hours (0-23) on + which Tasks scheduled using this object + are started. The wildcard * means all + hours of a day. If not present, it + defaults to no hours. + + ma-calendar-minutes: The optional set of minutes (0-59) on + which Tasks scheduled using this object + are started. The wildcard * means all + minutes of an hour. If not present, it + defaults to no minutes. + + ma-calendar-seconds: The optional set of seconds (0-59) on + which Tasks scheduled using this object + are started. The wildcard * means all + seconds of an hour. If not present, it + defaults to no seconds. + + ma-calendar-timezone-offset: The optional time zone offset in + minutes. If not present, it defaults + to the system's local time zone. + + If a day of the month is specified that does not exist in the month + (e.g., the 29th of February), then those values are ignored. + +4.11.4. Definition of ma-one-off-obj + + object { + datetime ma-one-off-time; + } ma-one-off-obj; + + The ma-one-off-obj timing object specifies a fixed point in time. + Schedules using an ma-one-off-obj are started once at the specified + date and time. The ma-one-off-obj consists of the following + elements: + + ma-one-off-time: The date and time at which Schedules using + this object are started. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +4.11.5. Definition of ma-immediate-obj + + object { + // empty + } ma-immediate-obj; + + The ma-immediate-obj Event object has no further information + elements. Schedules using an ma-immediate-obj are started as soon as + possible. + +4.11.6. Definition of ma-startup-obj + + object { + // empty + } ma-startup-obj; + + The ma-startup-obj Event object has no further information elements. + Schedules or Suppressions using an ma-startup-obj are started at MA + initialization time. + +4.11.7. Definition of ma-controller-lost-obj + + object { + // empty + } ma-controller-lost-obj; + + The ma-controller-lost-obj Event object has no further information + elements. The ma-controller-lost-obj indicates that connectivity to + the Controller has been lost. This is determined by a timer started + after each successful contact with a Controller. When the timer + reaches the controller-timeout (measured in seconds), a + ma-controller-lost-obj Event is generated. This Event may be used to + start a Suppression. + +4.11.8. Definition of ma-controller-connected-obj + + object { + // empty + } ma-controller-connected-obj; + + The ma-controller-connected-obj Event object has no further + information elements. The ma-controller-connected-obj indicates that + connectivity to the Controller has been established again after it + was lost. This Event may be used to end a Suppression. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +5. Example Execution + + The example execution has two Event sources, E1 and E2, and three + Schedules, S1, S2, and S3. The Schedule S3 is started by Events of + Event source E2 while the Schedules S1 and S2 are both started by + Events of the Event source E1. The Schedules S1 and S2 have two + Actions each, and Schedule S3 has a single Action. The Event source + E2 has no randomization while the Event source E1 has the + randomization r. + + Figure 2 shows a possible timeline of an execution. The time T is + progressing downwards. The dotted vertical line indicates progress + of time while a dotted horizontal line indicates which Schedules are + triggered by an Event. Lines of tildes indicate data flowing from an + Action to another Schedule. Actions within a Schedule are named A1, + A2, etc. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 48] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + E2 E1 T S1 S2 S3 + sequential parallel pipelined + : + e0 + + : + : + e0+r + .......... + .......... ++ + : | A1 A1 || A2 + : + |+ ~~~~~~~> + : | A2 | + : | + ~~~~~~~~> + : + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> + : + : + e1 + + : + e1+r + .......... + .......... ++ + : | A1 A1 || + : | +|~~~~~~~> + : | | A2 + : + +~~~~~~~> + : | A2 + : + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> + e0 + ................................... + + : | A1 + e3 + | + e3+r + .......... + .......... ++ | + : | A1 A1 || A2 | + : + ++ ~~~~~~> | + : | A2 + + : + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~> + V + + Figure 2: Example Execution + + Note that implementations must handle possible concurrency issues. + In the example execution, Action A1 of Schedule S3 is consuming the + data that has been forwarded to Schedule S3 while additional data is + arriving from Action A2 of Schedule S2. + +6. IANA Considerations + + This document does not require any IANA actions. + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 49] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +7. Security Considerations + + This Information Model deals with information about the control and + reporting of the Measurement Agent. There are broadly two security + considerations for such an Information Model. Firstly, the + Information Model has to be sufficient to establish secure + communication Channels to the Controller and Collector such that + other information can be sent and received securely. Additionally, + any mechanisms that the Network Operator or other device + administrator employs to preconfigure the MA must also be secure to + protect unauthorized parties from modifying Preconfiguration + Information. These mechanisms are important to ensure that the MA + cannot be hijacked, for example, to participate in a distributed + denial-of-service attack. + + The second consideration is that no mandated information items should + pose a risk to confidentiality or privacy given such secure + communication Channels. For this latter reason, items such as the MA + context and MA-ID are left optional and can be excluded from some + deployments. This may, for example, allow the MA to remain anonymous + and for information about location or other context that might be + used to identify or track the MA to be omitted or blurred. + Implementations and deployments should also be careful about exposing + device-ids when this is not strictly needed. + + An implementation of this Information Model should support all the + security and privacy requirements associated with the LMAP Framework + [RFC7594]. In addition, users of this Information Model are advised + to choose identifiers for Group-IDs, tags, or names of Information + Model objects (e.g., configured Tasks, Schedules, or Actions) that do + not reveal any sensitive information to people authorized to process + measurement results but who are not authorized to know details about + the Measurement Agents that were used to perform the measurement. + +8. References + +8.1. Normative References + + [ISO.10646] + International Organization for Standardization, + "Information Technology - Universal Coded Character Set + (UCS)", ISO Standard 10646:2014, September 2014. + + [POSIX.2] The Open Group, "Standard for Information Technology - + Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base + Specifications, Issue 7", IEEE Standard 1003.1, 2016 + Edition, DOI, 10.1109/IEEESTD.2016.7582338, September + 2016. + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 50] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, + DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. + + [RFC3339] Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet: + Timestamps", RFC 3339, DOI 10.17487/RFC3339, July 2002, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3339>. + + [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform + Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, + RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>. + + [RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally + Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122, + DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>. + + [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC + 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, + May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. + +8.2. Informative References + + [IPPM-REG] Bagnulo, M., Claise, B., Eardley, P., Morton, A., and A. + Akhter, "Registry for Performance Metrics", Work in + Progress, draft-ietf-ippm-metric-registry-12, June 2017. + + [RFC3444] Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between + Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444, + DOI 10.17487/RFC3444, January 2003, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3444>. + + [RFC7398] Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T., Crawford, S., Eardley, P., and + A. Morton, "A Reference Path and Measurement Points for + Large-Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance", + RFC 7398, DOI 10.17487/RFC7398, February 2015, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7398>. + + [RFC7536] Linsner, M., Eardley, P., Burbridge, T., and F. Sorensen, + "Large-Scale Broadband Measurement Use Cases", RFC 7536, + DOI 10.17487/RFC7536, May 2015, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7536>. + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 51] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + + [RFC7594] Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T., + Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A Framework for Large-Scale + Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP)", RFC 7594, + DOI 10.17487/RFC7594, September 2015, + <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7594>. + + [RFC8194] Schoenwaelder, J. and V. Bajpai, "A YANG Data Model for + LMAP Measurement Agents", RFC 8194, DOI 10.17487/RFC8194, + August 2017, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8194>. + +Acknowledgements + + Several people contributed to this specification by reviewing early + draft versions and actively participating in the LMAP Working Group + (apologies to those unintentionally omitted): Vaibhav Bajpai, Michael + Bugenhagen, Timothy Carey, Alissa Cooper, Kenneth Ko, Al Morton, Dan + Romascanu, Henning Schulzrinne, Andrea Soppera, Barbara Stark, and + Jason Weil. + + Marcelo Bagnulo, Trevor Burbridge, Philip Eardley, and Juergen + Schoenwaelder worked in part on the Leone research project, which + received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme + [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement number 317647. + + Juergen Schoenwaelder was partly funded by Flamingo, a Network of + Excellence project (ICT-318488) supported by the European Commission + under its Seventh Framework Programme. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 52] + +RFC 8193 LMAP Information Model August 2017 + + +Authors' Addresses + + Trevor Burbridge + BT + Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath + Ipswich IP5 3RE + United Kingdom + + Email: trevor.burbridge@bt.com + + + Philip Eardley + BT + Adastral Park, Martlesham Heath + Ipswich IP5 3RE + United Kingdom + + Email: philip.eardley@bt.com + + + Marcelo Bagnulo + Universidad Carlos III de Madrid + Av. Universidad 30 + Leganes, Madrid 28911 + Spain + + Email: marcelo@it.uc3m.es + + + Juergen Schoenwaelder + Jacobs University Bremen + Campus Ring 1 + Bremen 28759 + Germany + + Email: j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Burbridge, et al. Standards Track [Page 53] + |