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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc1592.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc1592.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3e18b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc1592.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3027 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group B. Wijnen +Request for Comments: 1592 G. Carpenter +Obsoletes: 1228 T.J. Watson Research Center, IBM Corp. +Category: Experimental K. Curran + A. Sehgal + G. Waters + Bell Northern Research, Ltd. + March 1994 + + + Simple Network Management Protocol + Distributed Protocol Interface + Version 2.0 + +Status of this Memo + + This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet + community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any + kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. + Distribution of this memo is unlimited. + +Table of Contents + 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 + 1.2 Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 + 2. THEORY OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 + 2.1 Connection Establishment and Termination . . . . . . . . . 5 + 2.2 Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 2.3 Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 2.4 DPI Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 + 3. SNMP DPI PROTOCOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 3.1 Connection Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 + 3.1.1 SNMP PDU to GET the Agent's DPI port . . . . . . . . . 11 + 3.1.2 SNMP PDU Containing the RESPONSE to the GET . . . . . 13 + 3.2 SNMP DPI Packet Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 + 3.2.1 DPI Packet Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 + 3.2.2 OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 + 3.2.3 CLOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 + 3.2.4 ARE_YOU_THERE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 + 3.2.5 REGISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 + 3.2.6 UNREGISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 + 3.2.7 GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 + 3.2.8 GETNEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 + 3.2.9 GETBULK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 + 3.2.10 SET, COMMIT and UNDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 + 3.2.11 RESPONSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 + 3.2.12 TRAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 + 3.3 Constants and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 1] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + 3.3.1 Protocol Version and Release Values . . . . . . . . . 33 + 3.3.2 Packet Type Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 + 3.3.3 Variable Type Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 + 3.3.4 Value Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 + 3.3.5 Character set selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 + 3.3.6 Error Code Values for SNMP DPI RESPONSE packets . . . 37 + 3.3.7 UNREGISTER Reason Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 + 3.3.8 CLOSE Reason Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 + 4. DPI 2.0 MIB DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 + 5. SUBAGENT CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 + 5.1 DPI API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 + 5.2 Overview of Request Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 + 5.2.1 GET Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 + 5.2.2 SET Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 + 5.2.3 GETNEXT Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 + 5.2.4 GETBULK Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 + 5.2.5 OPEN Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 + 5.2.6 CLOSE Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 + 5.2.7 REGISTER Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 + 5.2.8 UNREGISTER Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 + 5.2.9 TRAP Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 + 5.2.10 ARE_YOU_THERE request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 + 5.2.11 How to query the DPI port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 + 6. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 + 7. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 + 8. AUTHORS' ADDRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 + 9. SAMPLE SOURCES FOR ANONYMOUS FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 + +1. INTRODUCTION + + This RFC describes version 2.0 of a protocol that International + Business Machines Corporation (IBM) has been implementing in most of + its SNMP agents to allow dynamic extension of supported MIBs. Bell + Northern Research (BNR) has also implemented a version of this + protocol in some of its SNMP agents for the same reason. + + The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP [1]) Distributed + Protocol Interface (DPI) is an extension to SNMP agents that permits + end-users to dynamically add, delete or replace management variables + in the local Management Information Base without requiring + recompilation of the SNMP agent. This is achieved by writing a so- + called sub-agent that communicates with the agent via the SNMP-DPI. + + For the author of a sub-agent, the SNMP-DPI eliminates the need to + know the details of ASN.1 [2] or SNMP PDU (Protocol Data Unit) + encoding/decoding [1, 3]. + + Versions 1.0 and 1.1 of this protocol have been in use within IBM + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 2] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + since 1989 and is included in the SNMP agents for VM, MVS and OS/2. + Version 1.2 of this protocol has been in use within BNR since 1992. + +1.1 MOTIVATION + + The Simple Network Management Protocol [1] defines a protocol that + permits operations on a collection of variables. This set of + variables is called the Management Information Base (MIB) and a core + set of variables has previously been defined [4, 5]; however, the + design of the MIB makes provision for extension of this core set. + Thus, an enterprise or individual can define variables of their own + which represent information of use to them. An example of a + potentially interesting variable which is not in the core MIB would + be CPU utilization (percent busy). Unfortunately, conventional SNMP + agent implementations provide no means for an end-user to make + available new variables. + + Besides this, today there are many MIBs that people want to implement + on a system. Without a capability for sub-agents, this requires all + the MIBs to be implemented in one big monolithic agent, which is in + many cases undesirable. + + The SNMP DPI addresses these issues by providing a light-weight + mechanism by which a process can register the existence of a MIB + variable or a MIB sub-tree with the SNMP agent. Requests for the + variable(s) that are received by the SNMP agent are passed to the + process acting as a sub-agent. The sub-agent then returns an + appropriate answer to the SNMP agent. The SNMP agent eventually + packages an SNMP response packet and sends the answer back to the + remote network management station that initiated the request. + + Remote network management stations have no knowledge that the SNMP + agent calls on other processes to obtain an answer. As far as they + can tell, there is only one network management application (agent) + running on the host. + + At the San Diego IETF (March 1992) a BOF was held on multiplexing + SNMP agent's requirements. Both the SMUX [6] and DPI [7] protocols + were discussed, as well as other unpublished approaches. There was + also discussion regarding a need for a standard for multiplexing SNMP + agents or sub-agent support. At the end of the BOF, however, there + was not enough support for defining a standard. This was due, at + least partially, to a few well known SNMP authors who stated that the + proxy and party support for SNMPv2 (SMP at the time) would solve the + problem. + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 3] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + Nevertheless, questions continue to be raised about sub-agent support + (both in SNMP and SNMP2 mail lists) in spite of both SNMPv2 [8] being + on the standard's track and SMUX being changed to a historic RFC. + Furthermore, within IBM and BNR we continue to see a substantial and + expanding use of the DPI protocol. with positive results. + + Therefore, we believe that there is a place for a sub-agent protocol + and we again offer this new version as an experimental protocol. We + encourage people to try it and send us feedback. Depending on that + feedback, we may decide to try to get onto the standards track at a + later time. + + During discussions about sub-agent interfaces at the San Diego BOF it + also became clear that we should reduce the focus on the API for the + sub-agent programmers. This RFC, therefore, specifies only the + protocol to distribute SNMP requests from the main SNMP agent to the + sub-agents. Programmers can build one or more Programming APIs on + top of that protocol as needed, and sample API code is available from + the authors of this document. + +1.2 SUMMARY OF CHANGES + + The following changes have been made since the initial definition of + SNMP-DPI [7]. Some of these resulted from comparing the SMUX [6] and + DPI [7] protocols. + + o Documentation changes to cleanup and be more specific in some + areas. Among other things, this includes: + + - Defining that integers are in network byte order + - Defining the character set used for strings + - Defining how DisplayStrings are handled. + - Including DPI20 MIB definition. + + o Removal of the Programming API from the document. + + o Addition of new DPI packet types: + + - SNMP_DPI_OPEN for a sub-agent to open a "connection" with + the DPI SNMP capable agent. The sub-agent must now + identify itself and optionally provide a "password" for the + connection. + - SNMP_DPI_CLOSE for the agent or sub-agent to close the + connection in a graceful way. + - SNMP_DPI_ARE_YOU_THERE for the sub-agent to verify that the + agent still knows about the sub-agent. + - SNMP_DPI_UNREGISTER for the agent or sub-agent to terminate + the registration of a MIB variable or MIB sub-tree. + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 4] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + - SNMP_DPI_COMMIT which instructs the sub-agent to actually + commit a previous SNMP_DPI_SET request. This, together + with the UNDO, allows DPI sub-agents to be compliant with + SNMP in the sense that we can now handle the "as if + simultaneous" requirement. + - SNMP_DPI_UNDO which instructs the sub-agent to UNDO a SET + or COMMIT if such is needed. + + o Changes to DPI packets: + + - Multiple varBinds can now be exchanged in one DPI packet + (for GET, GETNEXT, SET, TRAP). The sub-agent can specify + the maximum it wants to handle per packet. + - The packet headers now contain a packet-ID (similar to SNMP + request ID in SNMP PDU). This allows to match RESPONSE + packets to REQUESTS, which is important for UDP based + DPI-connections. + - The SNMP_DPI_REGISTER packet has new fields for time_out + and for requested priority. + - The SNMP_DPI_TRAP packet allows to specify an enterprise + OID. In addition, the generic and specific trap types are + now 4 octets, so that we can pass the types correctly. + - In general, the packets have a more consistent layout. + + o The agent now sends a RESPONSE to a REGISTER request + + o Addition of SNMPv2 error codes and value types. + +2. THEORY OF OPERATION + +2.1 CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT AND TERMINATION + + Communication between the SNMP Agent and its clients (sub-agents) + takes place via a communication mechanism. The communication type + can be either a logical stream connection (via TCP, for instance) or + an unreliable datagram connection (UDP, for instance). It should be + noted that other stream oriented transport communication mechanisms + can also be used. For example, the VM SNMP agent allows DPI + connections over IUCV (Inter-User Communications Vehicle) [9, 10]. + Other than the connection establishment procedure, the protocol used + is identical in these environments. + + In Unix the number of processes is limited by the number of file- + descriptors that can be opened. Since each TCP socket represents a + file-descriptor, restricting SNMP-DPI protocol to TCP only + connections would limit the number of sub-agents an agent could + support. As a result, the some SNMP-DPI agents support both TCP and + UDP socket type communication mechanisms for the SNMP-DPI protocol. + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 5] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + Please note that in the following portion of this text the SNMP-DPI + agent is referred simply as the agent. + + Once the transport connection has been set up, the sub-agent must + also initialize the logical connection with the agent. To do so it + issues an OPEN request to the agent in which the sub-agent uniquely + identifies itself and passes some other parameters to the agent, such + as, the maximum number of varBinds per interaction it is prepared to + handle, and the timeout the agent should use when waiting for a + response from the sub-agent. + + When the sub-agent prepares to stop or cease operations, it first + issues a CLOSE to shut down the logical connection with the agent, + and then closes the transport connection. + +2.2 REGISTRATION + + A sub-agent supports a collection of MIB variables or object + identifiers (object IDs) that constitute its MIB (sub)tree. Each of + these object IDs consists of a group ID and an instance ID. The + group ID is the root of the sub-agent's MIB tree that it supports and + the point of registration to the agent's MIB tree. The instance ID + is the piece of the Object Identifier that follows the group ID + (registration point), so it is not an instance in the terms of the + SNMP definition of an instance. + + Regardless of the transport mechanism used, after establishing a + connection to the agent, the sub-agent registers a branch (group ID) + to the Agent's MIB tree. With the registration request, the sub- + agent passes some parameters, such as, requested priority and a + timeout value for this specific sub-tree. + + The agent sends back a response to indicate success or failure of the + registration request. + +2.3 NORMAL OPERATION + + Once the sub-agent has set up both the physical and logical + connection to the agent, and once it has successfully registered the + sub-tree(s) of the MIB(s) that it supports, it waits for requests + from the SNMP agent or generates traps as required. + +2.4 DPI ARCHITECTURE + + These are the requests that can be initiated by the SNMP agent: + + GET, GETNEXT, GETBULK, SET, COMMIT, UNDO, UNREGISTER, and CLOSE. + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 6] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + The first four of these correspond directly to SNMP requests that a + network management station can make (By default a GETBULK request + will be translated into multiple GETNEXT requests by the agent, but a + sub-agent may request that the GETBULK be passed to it). The COMMIT, + UNDO, UNREGISTER, ARE_YOU_THERE and CLOSE requests are specific + SNMP-DPI requests. The sub-agent normally responds to a request with + a RESPONSE packet. The CLOSE request is an exception for which the + sub-agent only closes the physical connection. + + These are the requests that can be initiated by a sub-agent: + + OPEN, REGISTER, TRAP, UNREGISTER, ARE_YOU_THERE and CLOSE. + + The agent responds to OPEN, REGISTER, UNREGISTER and ARE_YOU_THERE + with a RESPONSE packet. The TRAP packet is just accepted and + forwarded by the agent without returning any information to the sub- + agent. The CLOSE packet is also just accepted by the agent upon + which it closes the physical connection. + + See Figure 1 for an overview of the DPI packet flow. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 7] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + + *---------------------------------* + | | + | SNMP Network | + | Management Station | + | | + |---------------------------------| + | SNMP Protocol | + *---------------------------------* + A | Get A + | | GetNext | GetResponse + Trap | | GetBulk | + | | Set | + | V | + *------------------------------* *-------------------* + | SNMP Protocol | | DPI Interface | + |------------------------------| Response | *--------------| + | | |<----------->| | | + | | | | | | + | SNMP Agent | | | | | + | | | Get,GetNext | | | + | | | (GetBulk) | | Client | + | | | Set,Commit | | | + | A *-----------+-> | Undo | | | + | | | Get/Set | |------------>| | or | + | Trap| | info | | | | | + | | | | SNMP | | | | + |-----+-----+-------* | | trap | | SNMP | + | | V | | DPI |<------------| | Sub-Agent | + | | | | | | | + | Statically Linked | | | | | | + | Instrumentation | | | | | | + | (like MIB II) | | | | | | + | | | | close | | | + | A | | | unregister | | | + |-------+-----------| | |<----------->| | | + | V | | | | | | + | | | | | | | + | | | | AreYouThere | | | + | TCP/IP layers | | | open | | | + | Kernel | | | register | | | + | | | |<------------| | | + *------------------------------* *-------------------* + + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + Figure 1. SNMP DPI overview + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 8] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + Remarks for Figure 1: + + o The SNMP agent communicates with the SNMP manager via the + standard SNMP protocol. + o The SNMP agent communicates with some statically linked-in + instrumentation (potentially for the MIB II), which in turn + talks to the TCP/IP layers and kernel (operating system) in an + implementation-dependent manner. + o An SNMP sub-agent, running as a separate process (potentially + on another machine), can set up a connection with the agent. + The sub-agent has an option to communicate with the SNMP agent + through UDP or TCP sockets, or even through other mechanisms. + o Once the connection is established, the sub-agent issues a DPI + OPEN and one or more REGISTER requests to register one or more + MIB sub-trees with the SNMP agent. + o The SNMP agent responds to DPI OPEN and REGISTER requests with + a RESPONSE packet, indicating success or failure. + o The SNMP agent will decode SNMP packets. + If such a packet contains a Get or GetNext request for an + object in a sub-tree registered by a sub-agent, it sends a + corresponding DPI packet to the sub-agent. + If the request is for a GetBulk, then the agent translates it + into multiple DPI GETNEXT packets and sends those to the + sub-agent. However, the sub-agent can request (in the REGISTER + packet) that a GETBULK be passed to the sub-agent. + If the request is for a Set, then the agent uses a 2-phase + commit scheme and sends the sub-agent a sequence of SET/COMMIT, + SET/UNDO or SET/COMMIT/UNDO DPI packets. + o The SNMP sub-agent sends responses back via a RESPONSE packet. + o The SNMP agent then encodes the reply into an SNMP packet and + sends it back to the requesting SNMP manager. + o If the sub-agent wants to report an important state change, it + sends a DPI TRAP packet to the SNMP agent which will encode it + into an SNMP trap packet and send it to the manager(s). + o If the sub-agent wants to stop operations, it sends a DPI + UNREGISTER and a DPI CLOSE packet to the agent. The agent + sends a response to an UNREGISTER request. + o There is no RESPONSE to a CLOSE, the agent just closes the DPI + connection. A CLOSE implies an UNREGISTER for all + registrations that exist for the DPI connection being CLOSED. + o An agent can send DPI UNREGISTER (if a higher priority + registration comes in or for other reasons) to the sub-agent, + the sub-agent then responds with a DPI RESPONSE packet. + o An agent can also (for whatever reason) send a DPI CLOSE to + indicate it is terminating the DPI connection. + o A sub-agent can send an ARE_YOU_THERE to verify that the + "connection" is still open. If so, the agent sends a RESPONSE + with no error, otherwise, it may send a RESPONSE with an error + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 9] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + indication, or not react at all. + +3. SNMP DPI PROTOCOL + + This section describes the actual protocol used between the SNMP + agent and sub-agents. + +3.1 CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT + + In a TCP/IP environment, the SNMP agent listens on an arbitrary + TCP/UDP port for a connection request from a sub-agent. It is + important to realize that a well-known port is not used: every + invocation of the SNMP agent will potentially result in a different + TCP/UDP port being used. + + A sub-agent needs to determine this port number to establish a + connection. The sub-agent learns the port number from the agent by + sending it one conventional SNMP get-request PDU. The port numbers + are maintained by the SNMP agent as the objects whose identifiers + are: + + 1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.0 dpiPort.0 (old DPI 1.x form) + 1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.1.0 dpiPortForTCP.0 + 1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.2.0 dpiPortForUDP.0 + + These variables are registered under the IBM enterprise-specific + tree. See 4, "DPI 2.0 MIB definition" for more information. The + SNMP agent replies with a conventional SNMP response PDU that + contains the port number to be used. This response is examined by + the sub-agent and the port number is extracted. The sub-agent then + establishes the connection to the specified port. + + On the surface, this procedure appears to mean that the sub-agent + must be able to create and parse SNMP packets, but this is not the + case. A DPI Application Programming Interface (API) normally + provides a library routine, query_DPI_port(), which can be used to + generate and parse the required SNMP packets. This very small + routine (under 100 lines of C), does not greatly increase the size of + any sub-agent. + + NOTE: Since this RFC does not define an API, the actual code of and + interface to a query_DPI_port() type of function depends on the + implementation. + + For completeness, byte-by-byte descriptions of the packets to be + generated by an SNMP DPI API routine query_DPI_port() are provided + below. This is probably of little interest to most readers and + reading the source of a query_DPI_port() function provides much of + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 10] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + the same information. + +3.1.1 SNMP PDU TO GET THE AGENT'S DPI PORT + + As noted, before a TCP/UDP connection to the SNMP agent can be made, + the sub-agent must learn which port that the agent is listening on. + To do so, it can issue an SNMP GET for the variable dpiPortForTCP.0 + (1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.1.0) or variable dpiPortForUDP.0 + (1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.2.0). + + The SNMP PDU can be constructed as shown below. This PDU must be + sent to UDP port 161 on the host where the agent runs (probably the + same host where the sub-agent runs). + + The (SNMPv1) packet shown below is for the TCP port. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 11] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 1 (Page 1 of 2). SNMP GET PDU for dpiPortForTCP.0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | VALUE | FIELD | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 0 | 0x30 | ASN.1 header | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 1 | 37 + len | PDU_length, see formula below | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 2 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | SNMP version: | + | | | (integer,length=1,value=0) | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 5 | 0x04 | community name (string) | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 6 | len | length of community name | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 | community name | varies | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len | 0xa0 0x1c | SNMP GET request: | + | | | request_type=0xa0,length=0x1c | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 2 | 0x02 0x01 0x01 | SNMP request ID: | + | | | integer,length=1,ID=1 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 5 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | SNMP error status: | + | | | integer,length=1,error=0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 8 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | SNMP index: | + | | | integer,length=1,index=0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 11 | 0x30 0x11 | varBind list, length=0x11 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 13 | 0x30 0x0f | varBind, length=0x0f | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 15 | 0x06 0x0b | Object ID, length=0x0b | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 12] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 1 (Page 2 of 2). SNMP GET PDU for dpiPortForTCP.0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | VALUE | FIELD | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 17 | 0x2b 0x06 0x01 | Object-ID: | + | | 0x04 0x01 0x02 | 1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.1 | + | | 0x02 0x01 0x01 | Object-instance: 0 | + | | 0x01 0x00 | | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 28 | 0x05 0x00 | null value, length=0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | NOTE: Formula to calculate "PDU_length": | + | | + | PDU_length = length of version field and string tag (4 bytes)| + | + length of community length field (1 byte) | + | + length of community name (depends...) | + | + length of SNMP GET request (32 bytes) | + | | + | = 37 + length of community name | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.1.2 SNMP PDU CONTAINING THE RESPONSE TO THE GET + + Assuming that no errors occurred, the port is returned in the last + few octets of the received packet. In the simple case, where the + port number will be between 1024 and 16,385, the format of the packet + is shown below. + + Note: In practice, the port number can be any positive number in the + range from 1 through 65,535. A port number of 0 means that the agent + does not have a dpiPort defined for the requested protocol. So the + actual port value maybe in the last 1, 2 or 3 octets. The sample + implementation code shows how to handle the response to cover all + those cases, including error conditions. + + Note: The (SNMPv1) packet shown below is for the TCP port. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 2 (Page 1 of 3). SNMP RESPONSE PDU for dpiPortForTCP.0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | VALUE | FIELD | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 0 | 0x30 | ASN.1 header | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 1 | 39 + len | length, see formula below | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 13] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 2 (Page 2 of 3). SNMP RESPONSE PDU for dpiPortForTCP.0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | VALUE | FIELD | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 2 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | version | + | | | (integer,length=1,value=0) | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 5 | 0x04 | community name (string) | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 6 | len | length of community name | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 | community name | | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len | 0xa2 0x1e | SNMP RESPONSE: | + | | | request_type=0xa2,length=0x1e | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 2 | 0x02 0x01 0x01 | SNMP request ID: | + | | | integer,length=1,ID=1 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 5 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | SNMP error status: | + | | | integer,length=1,error=0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 8 | 0x02 0x01 0x00 | SNMP index: | + | | | integer,length=1,index=0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 11 | 0x30 0x13 | varBind list, length=0x13 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 13 | 0x30 0x11 | varBind, length=0x11 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 15 | 0x06 0x0b | Object ID, length=0x0b | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 17 | 0x2b 0x06 0x01 | Object-ID: | + | | 0x04 0x01 0x02 | 1.3.6.1.4.1.2.2.1.1.1 | + | | 0x02 0x01 0x01 | Object-instance: 0 | + | | 0x01 0x00 | | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 28 | 0x02 0x02 | integer, length=2 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | 7 + len + 30 | MSB LSB | port number (MSB, LSB) | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 14] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 2 (Page 3 of 3). SNMP RESPONSE PDU for dpiPortForTCP.0 | + +---------------+----------------+--------------------------------+ + | NOTE: Formula to calculate "PDU_length": | + | | + | PDU_length = length of version field and string tag (4 bytes)| + | + length of community length field (1 byte) | + | + length of community name (depends...) | + | + length of SNMP RESPONSE (34 bytes) | + | | + | = 39 + length of community name | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2 SNMP DPI PACKET FORMATS + + Each request to, or response from, the agent or sub-agent is + constructed as a "packet" and is written to the stream. + + Each packet is prefaced with the length of the data remaining in the + packet. The length is stored in network byte order, the most + significant byte (MSB) first, least significant byte (LSB) last. If + we consider a stream connection (like TCP), the receiving side will + read the packet by doing something similar to: + + unsigned char len_bfr[2]; + unsigned char *bfr; + int len; + + read(fd,len_bfr,2); + len = len_bfr[0] * 256 + len_bfr[1]; + bfr = malloc(len); + read(fd,bfr,len); + + Note: The above example makes no provisions for error handling or a + read returning less than the requested amount of data,and it is not + intended to be used literally. + +3.2.1 DPI PACKET HEADER + + The first part of every packet identifies the application protocol + being used as well as some version information. The protocol major + version is intended to indicate, in broad terms, what version of the + protocol is used. The protocol minor version is intended to identify + major incompatible versions of the protocol. The protocol release is + intended to indicate incremental modifications to the protocol. The + constants that are valid for these fields are defined in Table 15. + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 15] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + The next field, present in all packets, is the packet ID. It + contains packet identification that can help an agent or sub-agent + match responses with request. This is useful with UDP connections + over which packets can be lost. The packet ID is a monotonically + increasing unsigned 16-bit integer which wraps at its maximum value. + + The next field, present in all packets, is the packet type. It + indicates what kind of packet we're dealing with (OPEN, REGISTER, + GET, GETNEXT, GETBULK, SET, COMMIT, UNDO, TRAP, RESPONSE, UNREGISTER, + or CLOSE). The permitted values for this field are defined in Table + 16. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 3. SNMP DPI packet header. Present in all packets. | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + + From this point onwards, the contents of the packet are defined by + the protocol being used. The remainder of this section describes: + + o Layout of packets for the SNMP DPI protocol, version 2.0. + + o Constants as defined with this version of the protocol. + +3.2.2 OPEN + + In order for a sub-agent to communicate with a DPI capable SNMP + agent, it must first send an SNMP DPI OPEN request to the agent to + setup the "connection" with that agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus OPEN + specific data. This data consists of: + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 16] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + o a timeout value (in seconds). + This is a requested timeout value to be used for all requests + for objects for which there is no timeout value specified for + the sub-tree under which the object is registered. If you + specify a zero timeout value, then the agent will use its own + default timeout value. If you want a larger value than the + default value, then you can specify it here. However, the agent + may have a maximum value that you can never exceed. If you do + ask for a larger timeout than that maximum, the agent will set + it at the maximum it accepts. + o the maximum number of varBinds per DPI packet that the + sub-agent is prepared to handle. + o Selected character set to be used for the representation of the + OBJECT ID strings and DisplayStrings. + The choices are the native character set (0) or the ASCII + character set (1). See 3.3.5, "Character set selection" + for more information in character set selection. + An agent may choose to support only the native character set. + o null terminated sub-agent ID, which is a unique ASN.1 OBJECT + identifier, so in dotted ASN.1 notation. This string is + represented in the selected character set. + o null terminated sub-agent description, which is a DisplayString + describing the sub-agent. This string is represented in the + selected character set. This may be the null-string if there + is no description. + o optionally a password that the agent uses to validate the + sub-agent. It depends on the agent implementation if a + password is required. If no password is passed, the length + must be specified as zero. + + The sub-agent must expect a response indicating success or failure. + See Table 19 for the valid codes in a DPI RESPONSE to a DPI OPEN + request. + + If the error_code in the RESPONSE is not SNMP_ERROR_DPI_noError, then + the agent closes the connection. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 17] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 4. Layout SNMP DPI OPEN packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_OPEN | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | requested overall timeout (seconds, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | max varBinds per DPI packet (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | Selected character set (0=Native, 1=ASCII) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 13 | null terminated sub-agent ID (OID) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 13+L1 | null terminated sub-agent Description | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 13+L2 | password length (zero if no password, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L2 | password (if any) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = strlen(sub-agent ID) + 1 | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(sub-agent Description) + 1 | + | o OID and Description strings use selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.3 CLOSE + + In order for a sub-agent to close the "connection" with the DPI + capable SNMP agent, it must send an SNMP DPI CLOSE request to the + agent. The agent will not send a response, but closes the physical + connection and implicitly unregisters any sub-trees related to the + connection. + + An agent may also send to the sub-agent an SNMP DPI CLOSE packet that + contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus CLOSE specific data. This + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 18] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + data consists of: + + o a reason code for closing. See Table 21 for a list + of valid reason codes. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 5. Layout SNMP DPI CLOSE packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_CLOSE | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | reason code (1 octet) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.4 ARE_YOU_THERE + + An ARE_YOU_THERE packet allows a sub-agent to determine if it still + has a DPI connection with the agent. This packet is necessary + because a sub-agent passively awaits requests from an agent and + normally will not detect problems with an agent connection in a + timely manner. (In contrast, an agent becomes aware of any sub-agent + connection problem in a timely manner because it sets a timeout when + sending request). + + A sub-agent can send a SNMP DPI ARE_YOU_THERE packet to an agent + which will then return a RESPONSE with a zero error code and a a zero + error index if the connection is healthy. Otherwise, the agent may + return a RESPONSE with an error indication. If the connection is + broken, the sub-agent will see no response at all. + + An ARE_YOU_THERE packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header with no + additional data. + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 19] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 6. Layout SNMP DPI ARE_YOU_THERE packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_ARE_YOU_THERE | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.5 REGISTER + + In order to register a branch in the MIB tree, an SNMP sub-agent + sends an SNMP DPI REGISTER packet to the agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus REGISTER + specific data. This data consists of: + + o a requested priority. + There are 2 special values, namely minus one (-1, requests best + available priority) and zero (0, requests next better priority + than the highest priority in use). Any other value requests a + specific priority or the next best priority if already in use). + The lower the number, the better the priority. An agent will + send requests to only the one sub-agent that has registered + with the best priority. The agent returns the actual priority + assigned in the RESPONSE packet in the error_index field. + o a requested timeout. + If a zero value is specified, then the agent uses the timeout + value specified in the DPI OPEN request. + If you want a shorter or longer timeout value for this specific + sub-tree, then you specify it here. The agent has a maximum + timeout it will allow in this field. The agent will use this + value (or its maximum) to await a response to requests for this + sub-tree. + o an indication as to whether the sub-agent wishes to handle MIB + view selection (SNMPv1 community string authentication) + in subsequent GET, GETNEXT or SET, COMMIT, UNDO requests. Not + all DPI capable agents need to support this feature, but they + must at least recognize this indication and give an appropriate + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 20] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + response if they do not support it. + o an indication as to whether the sub-agent wishes to handle the + GETBULK itself. If not, then the agent will translate a + GETBULK into multiple GETNEXT requests. + Not all DPI capable agents need to support this feature. They + may opt to always translate a GETBULK into multiple GETNEXT + requests. In this case the agent will send the appropriate + RESPONSE to indicate this. + o the group ID (sub-tree) to be registered (with trailing dot). + The group ID is represented in the selected character set as + specified in DPI OPEN packet. + + The agent will respond with an SNMP DPI RESPONSE packet indicating + registration error or success. The packet ID of the response will be + the same as that for the REGISTER request to which this is a + response. + + The group ID will be the same as that specified in the REGISTER + request. There will be no instance returned (e.g. NULL string for + instance ID). The value will be an SNMP_TYPE_NULL value with a zero + length. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 21] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 7. Layout SNMP DPI REGISTER packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_REGISTER | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | requested priority (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | timeout in seconds (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14 | view selection (0 = you (agent) do, 1 = I do) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15 | getbulk selection (0=use GetNext, 1=use GetBulk) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 16 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o group ID string uses selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.6 UNREGISTER + + In order to unregister a branch in the MIB tree, an SNMP sub-agent + sends an SNMP DPI UNREGISTER packet to the agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus UNREGISTER + specific data: a null terminated string (represented in the selected + character set) representing the group ID in ASN.1 dotted notation and + an indication as to the reason for the unregister (see table 14). + + The agent will respond with an SNMP DPI RESPONSE packet indicating + error or success. The packet ID of the response will be the same as + that for the UNREGISTER request to which this is a response. + + The group ID will be the same as that specified in the UNREGISTER + request. There will be no instance returned (e.g. NULL string for + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 22] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + instance ID). The value will be an SNMP_TYPE_NULL value with a zero + length. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 8. Layout SNMP DPI UNREGISTER packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_UNREGISTER | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | reason code | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 9 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o group ID string uses selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.7 GET + + When the SNMP agent receives a PDU containing an SNMP GET request for + a variable that resides in a sub-tree registered by a sub-agent, it + passes an SNMP DPI GET packet to the sub-agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus GET specific + data: + + o the community name used in the SNMP PDU. The length is zero + unless view handling was selected by the sub-agent. The length + is also zero if the SNMP PDU was not in SNMPv1 format. + o per varBind two null terminated strings (in the selected + character set) representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 + dotted notation. + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 23] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 9. Layout SNMP DPI GET packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_GET | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | community name length (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | community name (if any) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L1 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L2 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L3 | optionally more varBinds (group/instance ID pairs) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = length of community name | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L3 = L2 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o group and instance ID strings use selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.8 GETNEXT + + When the SNMP agent receives a PDU containing an SNMP GETNEXT request + for a variable for which a sub-agent may be authoritative, it passes + an SNMP DPI GETNEXT packet to the sub-agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus GETNEXT + specific data: + + o the community name used in the SNMP PDU. The length is zero + unless view handling was selected by the sub-agent. The length + is also zero if the SNMP PDU was not in SNMPv1 format. + o per varBind two null terminated strings (in the selected + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 24] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + character set) representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 + dotted notation. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 10. Layout SNMP DPI GETNEXT packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_GETNEXT | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | community name length (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | community name | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L1 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L2 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L3 | optionally more varBinds (group/instance ID pairs) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = length of community name | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L3 = L2 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o group and instance ID strings use selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.9 GETBULK + + When the SNMP agent receives a PDU containing an SNMP GETBULK request + that includes variables for which a sub-agent may be authoritative, + it checks if the sub-agent wants to handle the GETBULK itself (as + specified at registration time). If so, it sends an SNMP DPI GETBULK + packet to the sub-agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus GETBULK + specific data: + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 25] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + o non-repeaters + o max repetitions + o per varBind two null terminated strings (in the selected + character set) representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 + dotted notation. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 11. Layout SNMP DPI GETBULK packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_GETBULK | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | non-repeaters (4 octets, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | max-repetitions (4 octets, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 16 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 16+L1 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 16+L2 | optionally more varBinds (group/instance ID pairs) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o group and instance ID strings use selected character set | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + +3.2.10 SET, COMMIT AND UNDO + + When the SNMP agent receives a PDU containing an SNMP SET request for + a variable that is in a sub-tree registered by a sub-agent, it passes + one of 3 sequences of SNMP DPI packets to the sub-agent: + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 26] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + o SET, COMMIT + This is the normal sequence. The SET request is the first + phase. The sub-agent must verify that the SET request is valid + and that the resources needed are available. The COMMIT + request comes next. The sub-agent must now effectuate the SET + request. + o SET, UNDO + If an SNMP packet has a SET request for multiple varBinds that + reside in different sub-trees, then the agent first sends a SET + to all sub-agents. If any sub-agent returns an error on the + SET, then the agent sends UNDO to those sub-agents that + returned no error on the SET, meaning the SET is being + canceled. + o SET, COMMIT, UNDO + In the very rare circumstance where all sub-agents have + responded error-free to a SET and where one of them fails to + perform the COMMIT, then the agent sends an UNDO to all + involved sub-agents (also those who completed COMMIT). + Sub-agents should try, to the best of their ability, to never + let a commit fail and to undo an already committed set if asked + to do so. + + Such packets contain the standard SNMP DPI header plus SET specific + data: + + o the community name used in the SNMP PDU. The length is zero + unless view handling was selected by the sub-agent. The length + is also zero if the SNMP PDU was not in SNMPv1 format. + o per varBind: + + - two null terminated strings (in the selected character set) + representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 dotted + notation. + - the type, value length and value to be set. + + The permitted types for the type field are defined in Table 17. + + See 3.3.4, "Value Representation" for information on how the + value data is represented in the packet value field. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 27] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 12. Layout SNMP DPI SET, COMMIT, UNDO packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_SET/COMMIT/UNDO | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | community name length (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | community name | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L1 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L2 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L3 | SNMP Variable Type Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L3+1 | Length of value (2 octets, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L3+3 | Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 10+L4 | optionally more varBinds (sequences of group ID, | + | | instance ID, Type, Length and Value) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = length of community name | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L3 = L2 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o L4 = L3 + 3 + length of value | + | o group and instance ID strings use selected character set | + | o OID and DisplayString values use selected character set | + | o Integer values are in network byte order | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 28] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.2.11 RESPONSE + + An SNMP sub-agent must respond to a GET, GETNEXT, GETBULK, SET, + COMMIT, UNDO or UNREGISTER request that it has received from the + agent (unless it fails or has a bug ;-)). To do so, it sends an SNMP + DPI RESPONSE packet to the agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus RESPONSE + specific data: + + o an error_code, + o an error_index, + o plus for a successful GET, GETNEXT, or GETBULK, the + name/type/length/value tuple(s) representing the returned + object(s). For each varBind this is described as: + + - two null terminated strings (in the selected character set) + representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 dotted + notation. + - the type, value length and value of the object that is + returned. + + The permitted types for the type field are defined in Table 17. + + See 3.3.4, "Value Representation" for information on how the + value data is represented in the packet value field. + + For an unsuccessful GET, GETNEXT or GETBULK, the sub-agent does not + need to return any name/type/length/value tuple(s), because by + definition, the varBind information is the same as in the request to + which this is a response, and the agent still has that information. + + The group ID and the packet ID must always be the same as the + corresponding fields in request PDU which has prompted the RESPONSE. + + If the response is to a SET, COMMIT or UNDO request, there is no need + to return any varBind information, because by definition, the varBind + information is the same as in the request to which this is a + response, and the agent still has that information. + + If the response is to a REGISTER or UNREGISTER, no variable + (instance) is being returned, so the instance ID is the NULL string + (one 0x00 byte). In the response to a REGISTER request indicating + success, the error index contains the priority assigned by the agent. + + If the response is to an OPEN, ARE_YOU_THERE or CLOSE, no varBind + data will be passed, so no group ID, instance ID or value data. The + packet will only include the header, the error code and the error + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 29] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + index. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 13. Layout SNMP DPI RESPONSE packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type = SNMP_DPI_RESPONSE | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | error code (1 octet) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 9 | error index (4 octets, MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L1 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L2 | SNMP Variable Type Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L2+1 | Length of value (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L2+3 | Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 15+L3 | optionally more varBinds (sequences of group ID, | + | | instance ID, Type, Length and Value) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o L3 = L2 + 3 + length of value | + | o group and instance ID strings use selected character set | + | o OID and DisplayString values use selected character set | + | o Integer values are in network byte order | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 30] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.2.12 TRAP + + An SNMP sub-agent can request the agent to generate an SNMPv1 or + SNMPv2 TRAP (depending on the trap destinations defined at the agent) + by sending an SNMP DPI TRAP packet to the agent. + + Such a packet contains the standard SNMP DPI header plus TRAP + specific data: + + o the generic and specific trap codes + o optionally a null terminated string (in the selected character + set) representing the enterprise ID in ASN.1 dotted notation. + This enterprise ID will be sent with the TRAP. If the null + string is passed, then the agent uses the sub-agent Identifier + (OID as passed with the DPI OPEN packet) as the Enterprise ID. + o optionally a set of one or more name/type/length/value tuples. + representing varBinds to be sent with the trap. Each varBind + consists of: + + - two null terminated strings (in the selected character set) + representing the group and instance ID in ASN.1 dotted + notation. + - the type, value length and value of the object that is + returned. + + The permitted types for the type field are defined in Table 17. + + See 3.3.4, "Value Representation" for information on how the + value data is represented in the packet value field. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 31] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 14. Layout SNMP DPI TRAP packet | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | OFFSET | FIELD | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | packet length to follow (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | protocol major version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | protocol minor version | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | protocol release | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | packet id (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | packet type - SNMP_DPI_TRAP | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | SNMP generic trap code | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | SNMP specific trap code | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14 | null terminated enterprise ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L1 | null terminated group ID (with trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L2 | null terminated instance ID (no trailing dot) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L3 | SNMP Variable Type Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L3+1 | Length of value (MSB to LSB) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L3+3 | Value | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | 14+L4 | optionally more varBinds (sequences of group ID, | + | | instance ID, Type, Length and Value) | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | NOTE: | + | | + | o L1 = strlen(enterprise ID) + 1 | + | o L2 = L1 + strlen(group ID) + 1 | + | o L3 = L1 + L2 + strlen(instance ID) + 1 | + | o L4 = L1 + L2 + L3 + 3 + length of Value | + | o enterprise, group and instance ID strings use selected | + | character set | + | o OID and DisplayString values use selected character set | + | o Integer values are in network byte order | + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 32] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.3 CONSTANTS AND VALUES + + This section describes the constants that have been defined for this + version of the SNMP DPI Protocol. + +3.3.1 PROTOCOL VERSION AND RELEASE VALUES + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 15. Protocol version and release values | + +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ + | FIELD | VALUE | + +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ + | protocol major version | 2 (SNMP DPI protocol) | + +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ + | protocol minor version | 2 (version 2) | + +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ + | protocol release | 0 (release 0) | + +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ + + Previous versions of this protocol exist and should preferably be + supported by an agent: + + o version 1, release 0, described in [7] + + Previous internal versions of this protocol exist and may or may not + be supported by an agent: + + o version 1, release 1, experimental within IBM. + o version 1, release 2, experimental within BNR. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 33] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.3.2 PACKET TYPE VALUES + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 16. Valid values for the packet type field | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | PACKET TYPE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 1 | SNMP_DPI_GET | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | SNMP_DPI_GETNEXT | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | SNMP_DPI_SET | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | SNMP_DPI_TRAP | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | SNMP_DPI_RESPONSE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 6 | SNMP_DPI_REGISTER | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | SNMP_DPI_UNREGISTER | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | SNMP_DPI_OPEN | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 9 | SNMP_DPI_CLOSE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | SNMP_DPI_COMMIT | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 11 | SNMP_DPI_UNDO | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | SNMP_DPI_GETBULK | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 13 | SNMP_DPI_TRAPV2 (not yet used) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 14 | SNMP_DPI_INFORM (not yet used) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 15 | SNMP_DPI_ARE_YOU_THERE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 34] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.3.3 VARIABLE TYPE VALUES + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 17. Valid values for the Value Type field | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | VALUE TYPE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 129 | SNMP_TYPE_Integer32 | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | SNMP_TYPE_OCTET_STRING | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | SNMP_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | SNMP_TYPE_NULL (empty, no value) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | SNMP_TYPE_IpAddress | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 134 | SNMP_TYPE_Counter32 | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 135 | SNMP_TYPE_Gauge32 | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 136 | SNMP_TYPE_TimeTicks (1/100ths seconds) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 9 | SNMP_TYPE_DisplayString | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | SNMP_TYPE_BIT_STRING | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 11 | SNMP_TYPE_NsapAddress | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 140 | SNMP_TYPE_UInteger32 | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 13 | SNMP_TYPE_Counter64 | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 14 | SNMP_TYPE_Opaque | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 15 | SNMP_TYPE_noSuchObject | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 16 | SNMP_TYPE_noSuchInstance | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 17 | SNMP_TYPE_endOfMibView | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + + Notes: + + 1. A 32-bit integer value has its base base type ORed with 128. + 2. DisplayString is a textual convention. An SNMP PDU shows a + type of OCTET_STRING for the value. An agent can handle such + an object as DisplayString if the object is included in some + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 35] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + form of a compiled MIB for the agent. If not, the agent passes + the value as an OCTET_STRING. + +3.3.4 VALUE REPRESENTATION + + Values in the DPI packets are represented as follows: + + o 32-bit integers are 4-byte elements in network byte order, MSB + (most significant byte) first, LSB (least significant byte) + last. Example: '00000001'h represents 1. + o 64-bit integers are 8-byte elements in network byte order, MSB + first, LSB last. + Example: '0000000100000001'h represents 4,294,967,297. + o Object Identifiers are NULL terminated strings in the selected + character set, representing the OID in ASN.1 dotted notation. + The length includes the terminating NULL. + Example ASCII: '312e332e362e312e322e312e312e312e3000'h + represents "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" which is sysDescr.0. + Example EBCDIC: 'f14bf34bf64bf14bf24bf14bf14bf14bf000'h + represents "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" which is sysDescr.0. + o DisplayStrings are in the selected character set. The length + specifies the length of the string. + Example ASCII: '6162630d0a'h represents "abc\r\n", no NULL. + Example EBCDIC: '8182830d25'h represents "abc\r\n", no NULL. + o IpAddress, NsapAddress and Opaque are implicit OCTET_STRING, so + they are octets (e.g. IpAddress in network byte order). + o NULL has a zero length for the value, no value data. + o noSuchObject, noSuchInstance and endOfMibView are implicit NULL + and represented as such. + o BIT_STRING is an OCTET_STRING of the form uubbbb...bb, where + the first octet (uu) is 0x00-0x07 and indicates the number of + unused bits in the last octet (bb). The bb octets represent the + bit string itself, where bit zero (0) comes first and so on. + +3.3.5 CHARACTER SET SELECTION + + In the DPI OPEN packet, the sub-agent can specify the character set + to be used for the representation of: + + o group and instance ID in the DPI REGISTER, UNREGISTER, GET, + GETNEXT, GETBULK, SET, UNDO, COMMIT, RESPONSE and TRAP packets. + o sub-agent ID and sub-agent Description in DPI OPEN packet. + o Object Identifiers in the value field for a value of type + SNMP_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER. + o DisplayString in the value field for a value of type + SNMP_TYPE_DPI_DisplayString. + + The choice is the native character set or the ASCII character set. + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 36] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + The native set is the set native to the platform where the agent + runs. If the native set is ASCII, then character set selection is a + moot point. On non-ASCII based platforms, the agent must convert + between native and ASCII if the native character set is chosen. + +3.3.6 ERROR CODE VALUES FOR SNMP DPI RESPONSE PACKETS + + When the RESPONSE packet is a response to a GET, GETNEXT, GETBULK, + SET, COMMIT, or UNDO, then the error code can have one of the + following values: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 37] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 18. Valid SNMP_ERROR values for RESPONSE error code | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | ERROR CODE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | SNMP_ERROR_noError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 1 | SNMP_ERROR_tooBig | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | SNMP_ERROR_noSuchName (SNMPv1, do not use) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | SNMP_ERROR_badValue (SNMPv1, do not use) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | SNMP_ERROR_readOnly (SNMPv1 do not use) | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | SNMP_ERROR_genErr | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 6 | SNMP_ERROR_noAccess | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | SNMP_ERROR_wrongType | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | SNMP_ERROR_wrongLength | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 9 | SNMP_ERROR_wrongEncoding | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 10 | SNMP_ERROR_wrongValue | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 11 | SNMP_ERROR_noCreation | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 12 | SNMP_ERROR_inconsistentValue | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 13 | SNMP_ERROR_resourceUnavailable | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 14 | SNMP_ERROR_commitFailed | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 15 | SNMP_ERROR_undoFailed | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 16 | SNMP_ERROR_authorizationError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 17 | SNMP_ERROR_notWritable | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 18 | SNMP_ERROR_inconsistentName | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 38] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + When the RESPONSE packet is a response to an OPEN, REGISTER or + UNREGISTER, then the error code can have one of the following values: + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 19. Valid SNMP_ERROR_DPI values for RESPONSE error code | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | ERROR CODE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 0 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_noError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 101 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_otherError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 102 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_notFound | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 103 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_alreadyRegistered | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 104 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_higherPriorityRegistered | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 105 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_mustOpenFirst | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 106 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_notAuthorized | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 107 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_viewSelectionNotSupported | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 108 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_getBulkSelectionNotSupported | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 109 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_duplicateSubAgentIdentifier | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 110 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_invalidDisplayString | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 111 | SNMP_ERROR_DPI_characterSetSelectionNotSupported | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 39] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.3.7 UNREGISTER REASON CODES + + The following are valid reason codes in an UNREGISTER packet. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 20. Valid UNREGISTER reason codes | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | REASON CODE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 1 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_otherReason | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_goingDown | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_justUnregister | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_newRegistration | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_higherPriorityRegistered | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 6 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_byManager | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | SNMP_UNREGISTER_timeout | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 40] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +3.3.8 CLOSE REASON CODES + + The following are valid reason codes in a CLOSE packet. + + +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Table 21. Valid CLOSE reason codes | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | VALUE | REASON CODE | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 1 | SNMP_CLOSE_otherReason | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 2 | SNMP_CLOSE_goingDown | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 3 | SNMP_CLOSE_unsupportedVersion | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 4 | SNMP_CLOSE_protocolError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 5 | SNMP_CLOSE_authenticationFailure | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 6 | SNMP_CLOSE_byManager | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 7 | SNMP_CLOSE_timeout | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + | 8 | SNMP_CLOSE_openError | + +-------+---------------------------------------------------------+ + +4. DPI 2.0 MIB DEFINITION + + DPI20-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN + + -- Objects in this MIB are implemented in the local SNMP agent. + + IMPORTS + MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, snmpModules, enterprises + FROM SNMPv2-SMI + + ibm OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { enterprises 2 } + ibmDPI OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ibm 2 } + dpi20MIB OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ibmDPI 1 } + + -- dpi20MIB MODULE-IDENTITY + -- LAST-UPDATED "9401210000Z" + -- ORGANIZATION "IBM Research - T.J. Watson Research Center" + -- CONTACT-INFO " Bert Wijnen + -- Postal: IBM International Operations + -- Watsonweg 2 + -- 1423 ND Uithoorn + -- The Netherlands + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 41] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + -- Tel: +31 2975 53316 + -- Fax: +31 2975 62468 + -- E-mail: wijnen@vnet.ibm.com" + -- DESCRIPTION "MIB module describing DPI objects." + -- ::= { snmpModules x } + + dpiPort OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dpi20MIB 1 } + + dpiPortForTCP OBJECT-TYPE + SYNTAX INTEGER (0..65535) + ACCESS read-only + STATUS mandatory + DESCRIPTION "The TCP port number on which the agent + listens for DPI connections. A zero value + means the agent has no DPI TCP port." + ::= { dpiPort 1 } + + dpiPortForUDP OBJECT-TYPE + SYNTAX INTEGER (0..65535) + ACCESS read-only + STATUS mandatory + DESCRIPTION "The UDP port number on which the agent + listens for DPI packets. A zero value + means the agent has no DPI UDP port." + ::= { dpiPort 2 } + END + +5. SUBAGENT CONSIDERATIONS + + When implementing a sub-agent, it is strongly recommended to use the + DPI version 2 approach (SNMPv2 based). This means: + + o Use SNMPv2 error codes only (even though we have definitions + for the old SNMPv1 error codes). + o Do implement SET, COMMIT, UNDO processing properly. + o For GET requests, use the SNMPv2 approach and pass back + noSuchInstance or noSuchObject value if such is the case. + Continue to process all remaining varBinds in this case. + o For GETNEXT, use the SNMPv2 approach and pass back endOfMibView + value if such is the case. Continue to process all remaining + varBinds in this case. + o When you are processing a request from the agent (GET, GETNEXT, + GETBULK, SET, COMMIT, UNDO) you are supposed to respond within + the timeout period (which you can specify in the OPEN and + REGISTER packets). If you fail to respond within that timeout + period, the agent will most probably close your DPI connection + and then discard your RESPONSE packet if it comes in later. If + you can detect that the response is not going to make it in + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 42] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + time, then you might decide to abort the request and return an + SNMP_ERROR_genErr in the RESPONSE. + o If you have a UDP "connected" sub-agent, or one that uses + another unreliable protocol, you may want to issue an SNMP DPI + ARE_YOU_THERE request once in a while to ensure that the agent + is still alive and still knows about you. + o When you are running on an EBCDIC based machine, and you use + the (default) native character set, then all OID strings (as + used for things like group ID, instance ID, Enterprise ID, + sub-agent ID) and also all variable values of type + OBJECT_IDENTIFIER or DisplayString will be passed to you in + EBCDIC format. When you return a response, you should then + also use EBCDIC FORMAT. + o When you are running on an EBCDIC based machine, and you use + the ASCII character set (specified in DPI OPEN), then all OID + strings (as used for things like group ID, instance ID, + Enterprise ID, sub-agent ID) and also all variable values of + type OBJECT_IDENTIFIER or DisplayString will be passed to you + in ASCII format. When you return a response, you should then + also use ASCII FORMAT. + o When you are running on an ASCII machine, then the character + set selection for you basically is moot. Except maybe when you + connect to an EBCDIC based agent, in which case you may want to + specify in the DPI OPEN packet that you want to use ASCII + character set. After that, all this is transparent to you and + the burden of conversion is on the EBCDIC based agent. + o Please realize that DisplayString is only a textual convention. + In the SNMP PDU (SNMP packet), the type is just an + OCTET_STRING, and from that it is not clear if this is a + DisplayString or any arbitrary data. This means that the agent + can only know about an object being a DisplayString if the + object is included in some sort of a compiled MIB. If it is, + then the agent will use SNMP_TYPE_DisplayString in the type + field of the varBind in a DPI SET packet. When you send a + DisplayString in a RESPONSE packet, the agent will handle it as + such (e.g. translate EBCDIC to ASCII if needed). + +5.1 DPI API + + The primary goal of this document is to specify the SNMP DPI, a + protocol by which sub-agents can exchange SNMP related information + with an agent. On top of this protocol, one can imagine one or + possibly many Application Programming Interfaces, but those are not + addressed in this document. + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 43] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + However, in order to provide an environment that is more or less + platform independent, we strongly suggest to also define a DPI API. + We have a sample DPI API available, see 9, "Sample Sources for + Anonymous FTP" for a place to obtain that sample DPI API. + +5.2 OVERVIEW OF REQUEST PROCESSING + +5.2.1 GET PROCESSING + + A GET request is the easiest to process. The DPI GET packet holds + one or more varBinds that the sub-agent has taken responsibility for. + + If the sub-agent encounters an error while processing the request, it + creates a DPI RESPONSE packet with an appropriate error indication in + the error_code field and sets the error_index to the position of the + varBind at which the error occurs (first varBind is index 1, second + varBind is index 2, and so on). No name/type/length/value + information needs to be provided in the packet, because by + definition, the varBind information is the same as in the request to + which this is a response, and the agent still has that information. + + If there are no errors, then the sub-agent creates a DPI RESPONSE + packet in which the error_code is set to SNMP_ERROR_noError (zero) + and error_index is set to zero. The packet must also include the + name/type/length/value of each varBind requested. When you get a + request for a non-existing object or a non-existing instance of an + object, then you must return a NULL value with a type of + SNMP_TYPE_noSuchObject or SNMP_TYPE_noSuchInstance respectively. + + These two values are not considered errors, so the error_code and + error_index should be zero. + + The DPI RESPONSE packet is then sent back to the agent. + +5.2.2 SET PROCESSING + + Processing a DPI SET request is more difficult than a DPI GET + request. In the case of a DPI SET packet, additional information is + available in the packet, namely the value type, value length and + value to be set. + + If the sub-agent encounters an error while processing the request, it + creates a DPI RESPONSE packet with an appropriate error indication in + the error_code field and an error_index listing the position of the + varBind at which the error occurs (first varBind is index 1, second + varBind is index 2, and so on). No name/type/length/value + information needs to provided in the packet, because by definition, + the varBind information is the same as in the request to which this + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 44] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + is a response, and the agent still has that information. + + If there are no errors, then the sub-agent creates a DPI RESPONSE + packet in which the error_code is set to SNMP_ERROR_noError (zero) + and error_index is set to zero. No name/type/length/value + information is needed; by definition the RESPONSE to a SET should + contain exactly the same varBind data as the data present in the + request, so the agent can use the values it already has. (This + suggests that the agent must keep state information, and that is + indeed the case. It needs to do that anyway in order to be able to + later pass the data with a DPI COMMIT or DPI UNDO packet). The sub- + agent must have allocated the required resources and prepared itself + for the SET. It does not yet effectuate the set, that will be done + at COMMIT time. + + The sub-agent sends a DPI RESPONSE packet (indicating success or + failure for the preparation phase) back to the agent. + + The agent will then issue a SET request for all other varBinds in the + same original SNMP request it received. This may be to the same or + to one or more different sub-agents. Once all SET requests have + returned a "no error" condition, the agent starts sending DPI COMMIT + packets to the sub-agent(s). If any SET request returns an error, + then the agent sends DPI UNDO packets to those sub-agents that + indicated successful processing of the SET preparation phase. + + When the sub-agent receives the DPI COMMIT packet, again all the + varBind information will be available in the packet. The sub-agent + can now effectuate the SET request. + + If the sub-agent encounters an error while processing the COMMIT + request, it creates a DPI RESPONSE packet with value + SNMP_ERROR_commitFailed in the error_code field and an error_index + that lists at which varBind the error occurs (first varBind is index + 1 and so on). No name/type/length/value information is needed. The + fact that a commitFailed error exists does not mean that this error + should be returned easily. A sub-agent should do all that is + possible to make a COMMIT succeed. + + If there are no errors, and the SET/COMMIT has been effectuated with + success, then the sub-agent creates a DPI RESPONSE packet in which + the error_code is set to SNMP_ERROR_noError (zero) and error_index is + set to zero. No name/type/length/value information is needed. + + So far we have discussed a SET, COMMIT sequence. That happens if all + goes well. However, after a successful SET, the sub-agent may + receive a DPI UNDO packet. The sub-agent must now undo any + preparations it made during the SET processing (like free allocated + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 45] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + memory and such). Even after a COMMIT, a sub-agent may still receive + a DPI UNDO packet. This is the case if some other sub-agent could + not complete a COMMIT request. Because of the SNMP-requirement that + all varBinds in a single SNMP SET request must be changed "as if + simultaneous", all committed changes must be undone if any of the + COMMIT requests fail. In this case the sub-agent must try and undo + the committed SET operation. + + If the sub-agent encounters an error while processing the UNDO + request, it creates a DPI RESPONSE packet with value + SNMP_ERROR_undoFailed in the error_code field and an error_index that + lists at which varBind the error occurs (first varBind is index 1 and + so on). No name/type/length/value information is needed. The fact + that an undoFailed error exists does not mean that this error should + be returned easily. A sub-agent should do all that is possible to + make an UNDO succeed. + + If there are no errors, and the UNDO has been effectuated with + success, then the sub-agent creates a DPI RESPONSE packet in which + the error_code is set to SNMP_ERROR_noError (zero) and error_index is + set to zero. No name/type/length/value information is needed. + +5.2.3 GETNEXT PROCESSING + + GETNEXT requests are a bit more complicated to process than a GET. + The DPI GETNEXT packet contains the object(s) on which the GETNEXT + operation must be performed. The semantics of the operation are that + the sub-agent is to return the name/type/length/value of the next + variable it supports whose (ASN.1) name lexicographically follows the + one passed in the group ID (sub-tree) and instance ID. + + In this case, the instance ID may not be present (NULL) implying that + the NEXT object must be the first instance of the first object in the + sub-tree that was registered. + + It is important to realize that a given sub-agent may support several + discontiguous sections of the MIB tree. In such a situation it would + be incorrect to jump from one section to another. This problem is + correctly handled by examining the group ID in the DPI packet. This + group ID represents the "reason" why the sub-agent is being called. + It holds the prefix of the tree that the sub-agent had indicated it + supported (registered). + + If the next variable supported by the sub-agent does not begin with + that prefix, the sub-agent must return the same object instance as in + the request (e.g. group ID and instance ID) with a value of + SNMP_TYPE_endOfMibView (implied NULL value). This endOfMibView is + not considered an error, so the error_code and error_index should be + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 46] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + zero. If required, the SNMP agent will call upon the sub-agent + again, but pass it a different group ID (prefix). This is + illustrated in the discussion below. + + Assume there are two sub-agents. The first sub-agent registers two + distinct sections of the tree, A and C. In reality, the sub-agent + supports variables A.1 and A.2, but it correctly registers the + minimal prefix required to uniquely identify the variable class it + supports. + + The second sub-agent registers a different section, B, which appears + between the two sections registered by the first agent. + + If a management station begins dumping the MIB, starting from A, the + following sequence of queries of the form get-next(group ID, instance + ID) would be performed: + + Sub-agent 1 gets called: + get-next(A,none) = A.1 + get-next(A,1) = A.2 + get-next(A,2) = endOfMibView + + Sub-agent 2 is then called: + get-next(B,none) = B.1 + get-next(B,1) = endOfMibView + + Sub-agent 1 gets called again: + get-next(C,none) = C.1 + +5.2.4 GETBULK PROCESSING + + You can ask the agent to translate GETBULK requests into multiple + GETNEXT requests. This is basically the default and it is specified + in the DPI REGISTER packet. In principle, we expect the majority of + DPI sub-agents to run on the same machine as the agent (or otherwise, + on the same physical network), so repetitive GETNEXT requests stay + local and in general should not be a problem. + + If experience tells us different, the sub-agent can tell the agent to + pass on a DPI GETBULK packet. + + When a GETBULK request is received, the sub-agent must process the + request and send a RESPONSE that sends back as many varBinds as + requested by the request, as long as they fit with in the buffers. + + The GETBULK requires similar processing as a GETNEXT with regard to + endOfMibView handling. + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 47] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +5.2.5 OPEN REQUEST + + As the very first step, a DPI sub-agent must open a "connection" with + the agent. To do so, it must send a DPI OPEN packet in which these + things must be specified: + + o The max timeout value in seconds. The agent is requested to + wait this long for a response to any request for an object + being handled by this sub-agent. The agent may have an + absolute maximum timeout value which will be used if the + sub-agent asks for too big a timeout value. A value of zero + can be used to indicate that the agent's own default timeout + value should be used. A sub-agent is advised to use a + reasonably short interval of a few seconds or so. If a + specific sub-tree needs a (much) longer time, then a specific + REGISTER can be done for that sub-tree with a longer timeout + value. + o The maximum number of varBinds that the sub-agent is prepared + to handle per DPI packet. Specifying 1 would result in DPI + version 1 behavior of one varBind per DPI packet that the agent + sends to the sub-agent. + o The character set you want to use. By default (value 0) this is + the native character set of the machine (platform) where the + agent runs. + Since the sub-agent and agent normally run on the same system + or platform, you want to use the native character set (which on + many platforms is ASCII anyway). + If your platform is EBCDIC based, then using the native + character set of EBCDIC makes it easy to recognize the string + representations of the fields like group ID, instance ID, etc. + + At the same time, the agent will translate the value from ASCII + NVT to EBCDIC (and vice versa) for objects that it knows (from + a compiled MIB) to have a textual convention of DisplayString. + Be aware that this fact cannot be determined from the SNMP PDU + encoding because in the PDU the object is only known to be an + OCTET_STRING. + If your sub-agent runs on an ASCII based platform and the agent + runs on an EBCDIC based platform (or the other way around), + then you can specify that you want to use the ASCII character + set, and so you both know how to handle the string-based data. + Beware that not all agents need to support other than native + character set selection. See 5, "Subagent Considerations" + and 3.3.5, "Character set selection" for more information on + character set usage. + o The sub-agent ID. This an ASN.1 Object Identifier that + uniquely identifies the sub-agent. This OID is represented as + a null terminated string using the selected character set. + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 48] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + Example: "1.3.5.1.2.3.4.5". + o The sub-agent Description. This is a DisplayString describing + the sub-agent. This is a character string using the selected + character set. Example: "DPI sample sub-agent version 2.0" + + Once a sub-agent has sent a DPI OPEN packet to an agent, it should + expect a DPI RESPONSE packet that informs the sub-agent about the + result of the request. The packet ID of the RESPONSE packet should + be the same as that of the OPEN request to which the RESPONSE packet + is the response. See Table 19 for a list of valid DPI RESPONSE error + codes that may be expected. If you receive an error RESPONSE on the + OPEN packet, then you will also receive a DPI CLOSE packet with an + SNMP_CLOSE_openError code, and then the agent closes the + "connection". + + If the OPEN is accepted, then the next step is to REGISTER one or + more MIB sub-trees. + +5.2.6 CLOSE REQUEST + + When a sub-agent is finished and wants to terminate it should first + UNREGISTER its sub-trees and then close the "connection" with the + agent. To do so, it must send a DPI CLOSE packet in which it + specifies a reason for the closing. See Table 21 for a list of valid + CLOSE reason codes. You should not expect a response to the CLOSE + request. + + A sub-agent should also be prepared to handle an incoming DPI CLOSE + packet from the agent. Again, the packet will contain a reason code + for the CLOSE request. A sub-agent need not send a response to a + CLOSE request. The agent just assumes that the sub-agent will handle + it appropriately. The close takes place, no matter what the sub- + agent does with it. + +5.2.7 REGISTER REQUEST + + Before a sub-agent will receive any requests for MIB variables it + must first register the variables or sub-tree it supports with the + SNMP agent. The sub-agent must specify a number of things in the + REGISTER request: + + o The sub-tree to be registered. This is a null terminated + string in the selected character set. The sub-tree must have a + trailing dot (example: "1.3.6.1.2.3.4.5."). + o The requested priority for the registration, one of: + -1 Request for best available priority. + 0 Request for next better available priority than highest + priority currently registered for this sub-tree. + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 49] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + NNN Any other positive value requests that specific priority if + available or the first worse priority that is available. + o The max timeout value in seconds. The agent is requested to + wait this long for a response to any request for an object in + this sub-tree. The agent may have an absolute maximum timeout + value which will be used if the sub-agents asks for too big a + timeout value. A value of zero can be used to indicate that + the DPI OPEN value should be used for timeout. + o A specification if the sub-agent wants to do view selection. + If it does, then the community name (from SNMPv1 packets) will + be passed in the DPI GET, GETNEXT, SET packets). + o A specification if the sub-agent wants to receive GETBULK + packets or if it just prefers that the agent converts a GETBULK + into multiple GETNEXT requests. + + Once a sub-agent has sent a DPI REGISTER packet to the agent, it + should expect a DPI RESPONSE packet that informs the sub-agent about + the result of the request. The packet ID of the RESPONSE packet + should be the same as that of the REGISTER packet to which the + RESPONSE packet is the response. If the response indicates success, + then the error_index field in the RESPONSE packet contains the + priority that the agent assigned to the sub-tree registration. See + Table 19 for a list of valid DPI RESPONSE error codes that may be + expected. + +5.2.8 UNREGISTER REQUEST + + A sub-agent may unregister a previously registered sub-tree. The + sub-agent must specify a few things in the UNREGISTER request: + + o The sub-tree to be unregistered. This is a null terminated + string in the selected character set. The sub-tree must have a + trailing dot (example: "1.3.6.1.2.3.4.5."). + o The reason for the unregister. See Table 20 for a + list of valid reason codes. + + Once a sub-agent has sent a DPI UNREGISTER packet to the agent, it + should expect a DPI RESPONSE packet that informs the sub-agent about + the result of the request. The packet ID of the RESPONSE packet + should be the same as that of the REGISTER packet to which the + RESPONSE packet is the response. See Table 19 for a list of valid + DPI RESPONSE error codes that may be expected. + + A sub-agent should also be prepared to handle incoming DPI UNREGISTER + packets from the agent. Again, the DPI packet will contain a reason + code for the UNREGISTER. A sub-agent need not send a response to an + UNREGISTER request. The agent just assumes that the sub-agent will + handle it appropriately. The registration is removed, no matter what + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 50] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + the sub-agent returns. + +5.2.9 TRAP REQUEST + + A sub-agent can request that the SNMP agent generates a trap for it. + The sub-agent must provide the desired values for the generic and + specific parameters of the trap. It may optionally provide a set of + one or more name/type/length/value tuples that will be included in + the trap packet. Also, it may optionally specify an Enterprise ID + (Object Identifier) for the trap to be generated. If a NULL value is + specified for the Enterprise ID, then the agent will use the sub- + agent Identifier (from the DPI OPEN packet) as the Enterprise ID to + be sent with the trap. + +5.2.10 ARE_YOU_THERE REQUEST + + A sub-agent can send an ARE_YOU_THERE packet to the agent. This may + be useful to do if you have a DPI "connection" over an unreliable + transport protocol (like UDP). + + If the "connection" is in a healthy state, the agent responds with a + RESPONSE packet with SNMP_ERROR_DPI_noError. + + If the "connection" is not in a healthy state, the agent may respond + with a RESPONSE packet with an error indication, but the agent might + not react at all, so you would timeout while waiting for a response. + +5.2.11 HOW TO QUERY THE DPI PORT. + + The DPI API implementations are encouraged to provide a facility that + helps DPI sub-agent programmers to dynamically find the port that the + agent is using for the TCP and/or UDP DPI port(s). A suggested name + for such a function is: query_DPI_port(). + +6. REFERENCES + + [1] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall M., and J. Davin, "Simple + Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", STD 15, RFC 1157, SNMP + Research, Performance Systems International, MIT Laboratory for + Computer Science, May 1990. + + [2] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection, + "Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)", + International Organization for Standardization, International + Standard 8824, December 1987. + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 51] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + [3] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection, + "Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax + Notation One (ASN.1)", International Organization for + Standardization, International Standard 8825, December 1987. + + [4] McCloghrie, K., and M. Rose, "Management Information Base for + Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB II", STD 17, + RFC 1213, Hughes LAN Systems, Performance Systems International, + March 1991. + + [5] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of + Management Information for TCP/IP-based internets", STD 16, RFC + 1155, Performance Systems International, Hughes LAN Systems, May + 1990. + + [6] Rose, M., "SNMP MUX Protocol and MIB", RFC 1227, Performance + Systems International, RFC 1227, May 1991. + + [7] Carpenter G., and B. Wijnen, "SNMP-DPI, Simple Network Management + Protocol Distributed Program Interface", RFC 1228, International + Business Machines, Inc., May 1991. + + [8] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "SNMPv2 + RFCs (RFC 1441 through RFC 1452)", SNMP Research Inc, Hughes LAN + Systems, Dover Beach Consulting Inc, Carnegie Mellon University, + Trusted Information Systems, April 1993. + + [9] International Business Machines, Inc., TCP/IP for VM: + Programmer's Reference, SC31-6084-0, 1990. + + [10] International Business Machines, Inc., Virtual Machine System + Facilities for Programming, Release 6, SC24-5288-01, 1988. + +7. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS + + Security issues are not discussed in this memo. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 52] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + +8. AUTHORS' ADDRESSES + + Bert Wijnen + IBM International Operations + Watsonweg 2 + 1423 ND Uithoorn + The Netherlands + + Phone: +31-2975-53316 + Fax: +31-2975-62468 + EMail: wijnen@vnet.ibm.com + + + Geoffrey C. Carpenter + IBM T.J. Watson Research Center + P.O. Box 218 + Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 + USA + + Phone: +1-914-945-1970 + EMail: gcc@watson.ibm.com + + + Kim Curran + Bell Northern Research Ltd. + P.O. Box 3511 Station C + Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4HY + Canada + + Phone: +1-613-763-5283 + EMail: kcurran@bnr.ca + + + Aditya Sehgal + Bell Northern Research Ltd. + P. O. Box 3511 Station C + Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4HY + Canada + + Phone: +1-613-763-8821 + EMail: asehgal@bnr.ca + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 53] + +RFC 1592 SNMP-DPI March 1994 + + + Glen Waters + Bell Northern Research Ltd. + P.O. Box 3511 Station C + Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4HY + Canada + + Phone: +1-613-763-3933 + EMail: gwaters@bnr.ca + +9. SAMPLE SOURCES FOR ANONYMOUS FTP + + An implementation sample of a DPI API (as used at the agent and sub- + agent side) plus sample sub-agent code and documentation are + available for anonymous FTP from: + + software.watson.ibm.com (129.34.139.5) + + To obtain the source, perform the following steps: + + ftp software.watson.ibm.com + user: anonymous + password: your_e-mail_address + cd /public/dpi + get README + binary + get dpi_api.tar (or compressed dpi_api.tar.Z) + quit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnen, Carpenter, Curran, Sehgal & Waters [Page 54] + |