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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc2911.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc2911.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29c85a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc2911.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12547 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group T. Hastings, Editor +Request for Comments: 2911 R. Herriot +Obsoletes: 2566 Xerox Corporation +Category: Standards Track R. deBry + Utah Valley State College + S. Isaacson + Novell, Inc. + P. Powell + Astart Technologies + September 2000 + + + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics + +Status of this Memo + + This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the + Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for + improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet + Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state + and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. + +Abstract + + This document is one of a set of documents, which together describe + all aspects of a new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an + application level protocol that can be used for distributed printing + using Internet tools and technologies. This document describes a + simplified model consisting of abstract objects, their attributes, + and their operations that is independent of encoding and transport. + The model consists of a Printer and a Job object. A Job optionally + supports multiple documents. IPP 1.1 semantics allow end-users and + operators to query printer capabilities, submit print jobs, inquire + about the status of print jobs and printers, cancel, hold, release, + and restart print jobs. IPP 1.1 semantics allow operators to pause, + resume, and purge (jobs from) Printer objects. This document also + addresses security, internationalization, and directory issues. + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The full set of IPP documents includes: + + Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2567] + Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet + Printing Protocol [RFC2568] + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics (this document) + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport [RFC2910] + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] + Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols [RFC2569] + + The "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol" document takes a + broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates + real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be + included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies + requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and + administrators. It calls out a subset of end user requirements that + are satisfied in IPP/1.0. A few OPTIONAL operator operations have + been added to IPP/1.1. + + The "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the + Internet Printing Protocol" document describes IPP from a high level + view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite + of IPP specification documents, and gives background and rationale + for the IETF working group's major decisions. + + The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport" document + is a formal mapping of the abstract operations and attributes defined + in the model document onto HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616]. It defines the + encoding rules for a new Internet MIME media type called + "application/ipp". This document also defines the rules for + transporting over HTTP a message body whose Content-Type is + "application/ipp". This document defines a new scheme named 'ipp' + for identifying IPP printers and jobs. + + The "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide" document + gives insight and advice to implementers of IPP clients and IPP + objects. It is intended to help them understand IPP/1.1 and some of + the considerations that may assist them in the design of their client + and/or IPP object implementations. For example, a typical order of + processing requests is given, including error checking. Motivation + for some of the specification decisions is also included. + + The "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols" document gives some + advice to implementers of gateways between IPP and LPD (Line Printer + Daemon) implementations. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction 9 + 1.1 Simplified Printing Model 10 + 2. IPP Objects 12 + 2.1 Printer Object 13 + 2.2 Job Object 15 + 2.3 Object Relationships 16 + 2.4 Object Identity 17 + 3. IPP Operations 20 + 3.1 Common Semantics 21 + 3.1.1 Required Parameters 21 + 3.1.2 Operation IDs and Request IDs 22 + 3.1.3 Attributes 22 + 3.1.4 Character Set and Natural Language Operation Attribute 24 + 3.1.4.1 Request Operation Attributes 25 + 3.1.4.2 Response Operation Attributes 29 + 3.1.5 Operation Targets 30 + 3.1.6 Operation Response Status Codes and Status Messages 32 + 3.1.6.1 "status-code" (type2 enum) 32 + 3.1.6.2 "status-message" (text(255)) 33 + 3.1.6.3 "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) 33 + 3.1.6.4 "document-access-error" (text(MAX)) 34 + 3.1.7 Unsupported Attributes 34 + 3.1.8 Versions 36 + 3.1.9 Job Creation Operations 38 + 3.2 Printer Operations 41 + 3.2.1 Print-Job Operation 41 + 3.2.1.1 Print-Job Request 41 + 3.2.1.2 Print-Job Response 46 + 3.2.2 Print-URI Operation 48 + 3.2.3 Validate-Job Operation 49 + 3.2.4 Create-Job Operation 49 + 3.2.5 Get-Printer-Attributes Operation 50 + 3.2.5.1 Get-Printer-Attributes Request 51 + 3.2.5.2 Get-Printer-Attributes Response 53 + 3.2.6 Get-Jobs Operation 54 + 3.2.6.1 Get-Jobs Request 54 + 3.2.6.2 Get-Jobs Response 56 + 3.2.7 Pause-Printer Operation 57 + 3.2.7.1 Pause-Printer Request 59 + 3.2.7.2 Pause-Printer Response 60 + 3.2.8 Resume-Printer Operation 60 + 3.2.9 Purge-Jobs Operation 61 + 3.3 Job Operations 62 + 3.3.1 Send-Document Operation 62 + 3.3.1.1 Send-Document Request 64 + 3.3.1.2 Send-Document Response 65 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 3.3.2 Send-URI Operation 66 + 3.3.3 Cancel-Job Operation 66 + 3.3.3.1 Cancel-Job Request 67 + 3.3.3.2 Cancel-Job Response 68 + 3.3.4 Get-Job-Attributes Operation 69 + 3.3.4.1 Get-Job-Attributes Request 69 + 3.3.4.2 Get-Job-Attributes Response 70 + 3.3.5 Hold-Job Operation 71 + 3.3.5.1 Hold-Job Request 72 + 3.3.5.2 Hold-Job Response 73 + 3.3.6 Release-Job Operation 74 + 3.3.7 Restart-Job Operation 75 + 3.3.7.1 Restart-Job Request 76 + 3.3.7.2 Restart-Job Response 78 + 4. Object Attributes 78 + 4.1 Attribute Syntaxes 78 + 4.1.1 'text' 79 + 4.1.1.1 'textWithoutLanguage' 80 + 4.1.1.2 'textWithLanguage' 80 + 4.1.2 'name' 81 + 4.1.2.1 'nameWithoutLanguage' 82 + 4.1.2.2 'nameWithLanguage' 82 + 4.1.2.3 Matching 'name' attribute values 83 + 4.1.3 'keyword' 84 + 4.1.4 'enum' 85 + 4.1.5 'uri' 85 + 4.1.6 'uriScheme' 86 + 4.1.7 'charset' 86 + 4.1.8 'naturalLanguage' 87 + 4.1.9 'mimeMediaType' 87 + 4.1.9.1 Application/octet-stream -- Auto-Sensing 88 + the document format + 4.1.10 'octetString' 89 + 4.1.11 'boolean' 89 + 4.1.12 'integer' 89 + 4.1.13 'rangeOfInteger' 90 + 4.1.14 'dateTime' 90 + 4.1.15 'resolution' 90 + 4.1.16 '1setOf X' 90 + 4.2 Job Template Attributes 91 + 4.2.1 job-priority (integer(1:100)) 94 + 4.2.2 job-hold-until (type3 keyword | name (MAX)) 95 + 4.2.3 job-sheets (type3 keyword | name(MAX)) 96 + 4.2.4 multiple-document-handling (type2 keyword) 96 + 4.2.5 copies (integer(1:MAX)) 98 + 4.2.6 finishings (1setOf type2 enum) 98 + 4.2.7 page-ranges (1setOf rangeOfInteger (1:MAX)) 101 + 4.2.8 sides (type2 keyword) 102 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 4.2.9 number-up (integer(1:MAX)) 102 + 4.2.10 orientation-requested (type2 enum) 103 + 4.2.11 media (type3 keyword | name(MAX)) 104 + 4.2.12 printer-resolution (resolution) 105 + 4.2.13 print-quality (type2 enum) 105 + 4.3 Job Description Attributes 106 + 4.3.1 job-uri (uri) 107 + 4.3.2 job-id (integer(1:MAX)) 108 + 4.3.3 job-printer-uri (uri) 108 + 4.3.4 job-more-info (uri) 108 + 4.3.5 job-name (name(MAX)) 108 + 4.3.6 job-originating-user-name (name(MAX)) 109 + 4.3.7 job-state (type1 enum) 109 + 4.3.7.1 Forwarding Servers 112 + 4.3.7.2 Partitioning of Job States 112 + 4.3.8 job-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword) 113 + 4.3.9 job-state-message (text(MAX)) 118 + 4.3.10 job-detailed-status-messages (1setOf text(MAX)) 118 + 4.3.11 job-document-access-errors (1setOf text(MAX)) 118 + 4.3.12 number-of-documents (integer(0:MAX)) 119 + 4.3.13 output-device-assigned (name(127)) 119 + 4.3.14 Event Time Job Description Attributes 119 + 4.3.14.1 time-at-creation (integer(MIN:MAX)) 120 + 4.3.14.2 time-at-processing (integer(MIN:MAX)) 120 + 4.3.14.3 time-at-completed (integer(MIN:MAX)) 120 + 4.3.14.4 job-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX)) 120 + 4.3.14.5 date-time-at-creation (dateTime) 121 + 4.3.14.6 date-time-at-processing (dateTime) 121 + 4.3.14.7 date-time-at-completed (dateTime) 121 + 4.3.15 number-of-intervening-jobs (integer(0:MAX)) 121 + 4.3.16 job-message-from-operator (text(127)) 121 + 4.3.17 Job Size Attributes 121 + 4.3.17.1 job-k-octets (integer(0:MAX)) 122 + 4.3.17.2 job-impressions (integer(0:MAX)) 122 + 4.3.17.3 job-media-sheets (integer(0:MAX)) 123 + 4.3.18 Job Progress Attributes 123 + 4.3.18.1 job-k-octets-processed (integer(0:MAX)) 123 + 4.3.18.2 job-impressions-completed (integer(0:MAX)) 123 + 4.3.18.3 job-media-sheets-completed (integer(0:MAX)) 124 + 4.3.19 attributes-charset (charset) 124 + 4.3.20 attributes-natural-language (naturalLanguage) 124 + 4.4 Printer Description Attributes 124 + 4.4.1 printer-uri-supported (1setOf uri) 126 + 4.4.2 uri-authentication-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) 127 + 4.4.3 uri-security-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) 128 + 4.4.4 printer-name (name(127)) 129 + 4.4.5 printer-location (text(127)) 129 + 4.4.6 printer-info (text(127)) 130 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 4.4.7 printer-more-info (uri) 130 + 4.4.8 printer-driver-installer (uri) 130 + 4.4.9 printer-make-and-model (text(127)) 130 + 4.4.10 printer-more-info-manufacturer (uri) 130 + 4.4.11 printer-state (type1 enum) 131 + 4.4.12 printer-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword) 131 + 4.4.13 printer-state-message (text(MAX)) 134 + 4.4.14 ipp-versions-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) 134 + 4.4.15 operations-supported (1setOf type2 enum) 135 + 4.4.16 multiple-document-jobs-supported (boolean) 136 + 4.4.17 charset-configured (charset) 136 + 4.4.18 charset-supported (1setOf charset) 137 + 4.4.19 natural-language-configured (naturalLanguage) 137 + 4.4.20 generated-natural-language-supported + (1setOf naturalLanguage) 137 + 4.4.21 document-format-default (mimeMediaType) 138 + 4.4.22 document-format-supported (1setOf mimeMediaType) 138 + 4.4.23 printer-is-accepting-jobs (boolean) 138 + 4.4.24 queued-job-count (integer(0:MAX)) 138 + 4.4.25 printer-message-from-operator (text(127)) 139 + 4.4.26 color-supported (boolean) 139 + 4.4.27 reference-uri-schemes-supported (1setOf uriScheme) 139 + 4.4.28 pdl-override-supported (type2 keyword) 139 + 4.4.29 printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX)) 140 + 4.4.30 printer-current-time (dateTime) 140 + 4.4.31 multiple-operation-time-out (integer(1:MAX)) 141 + 4.4.32 compression-supported (1setOf type3 keyword) 141 + 4.4.33 job-k-octets-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) 142 + 4.4.34 job-impressions-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) 142 + 4.4.35 job-media-sheets-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) 142 + 4.4.36 pages-per-minute (integer(0:MAX)) 142 + 4.4.37 pages-per-minute-color (integer(0:MAX)) 142 + 5. Conformance 143 + 5.1 Client Conformance Requirements 143 + 5.2 IPP Object Conformance Requirements 145 + 5.2.1 Objects 145 + 5.2.2 Operations 145 + 5.2.3 IPP Object Attributes 146 + 5.2.4 Versions 146 + 5.2.5 Extensions 147 + 5.2.6 Attribute Syntaxes 147 + 5.2.7 Security 148 + 5.3 Charset and Natural Language Requirements 148 + 6. IANA Considerations 148 + 6.1 Typed 'keyword' and 'enum' Extensions 149 + 6.2 Attribute Extensibility 151 + 6.3 Attribute Syntax Extensibility 152 + 6.4 Operation Extensibility 152 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 6.5 Attribute Group Extensibility 153 + 6.6 Status Code Extensibility 153 + 6.7 Out-of-band Attribute Value Extensibility 154 + 6.8 Registration of MIME types/sub-types for document-formats 154 + 6.9 Registration of charsets for use in 'charset' + attribute values 154 + 7. Internationalization Considerations 154 + 8. Security Considerations 158 + 8.1 Security Scenarios 159 + 8.1.1 Client and Server in the Same Security Domain 159 + 8.1.2 Client and Server in Different Security Domains 159 + 8.1.3 Print by Reference 160 + 8.2 URIs in Operation, Job, and Printer attributes 160 + 8.3 URIs for each authentication mechanisms 160 + 8.4 Restricted Queries 161 + 8.5 Operations performed by operators and system + administrators 161 + 8.6 Queries on jobs submitted using non-IPP protocols 162 + 9. References 162 + 10. Authors' Addresses 166 + 11. Formats for IPP Registration Proposals 168 + 11.1 Type2 keyword attribute values registration 169 + 11.2 Type3 keyword attribute values registration 169 + 11.3 Type2 enum attribute values registration 169 + 11.4 Type3 enum attribute values registration 170 + 11.5 Attribute registration 170 + 11.6 Attribute Syntax registration 171 + 11.7 Operation registration 171 + 11.8 Attribute Group registration 171 + 11.9 Status code registration 172 + 11.10 Out-of-band Attribute Value registration 172 + 12. APPENDIX A: Terminology 173 + 12.1 Conformance Terminology 173 + 12.1.1 NEED NOT 173 + 12.2 Model Terminology 173 + 12.2.1 Keyword 173 + 12.2.2 Attributes 173 + 12.2.2.1 Attribute Name 173 + 12.2.2.2 Attribute Group Name 174 + 12.2.2.3 Attribute Value 174 + 12.2.2.4 Attribute Syntax 174 + 12.2.3 Supports 174 + 12.2.4 print-stream page 176 + 12.2.5 impression 177 + 13. APPENDIX B: Status Codes and Suggested Status Code Messages 177 + 13.1 Status Codes 178 + 13.1.1 Informational 178 + 13.1.2 Successful Status Codes 178 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 13.1.2.1 successful-ok (0x0000) 178 + 13.1.2.2 successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes + (0x0001) 179 + 13.1.2.3 successful-ok-conflicting-attributes (0x0002) 179 + 13.1.3 Redirection Status Codes 179 + 13.1.4 Client Error Status Codes 179 + 13.1.4.1 client-error-bad-request (0x0400) 180 + 13.1.4.2 client-error-forbidden (0x0401) 180 + 13.1.4.3 client-error-not-authenticated (0x0402) 180 + 13.1.4.4 client-error-not-authorized (0x0403) 180 + 13.1.4.5 client-error-not-possible (0x0404) 180 + 13.1.4.6 client-error-timeout (0x0405) 181 + 13.1.4.7 client-error-not-found (0x0406) 181 + 13.1.4.8 client-error-gone (0x0407) 181 + 13.1.4.9 client-error-request-entity-too-large (0x0408) 182 + 13.1.4.10 client-error-request-value-too-long (0x0409) 182 + 13.1.4.11 client-error-document-format-not-supported (0x040A) 182 + 13.1.4.12 client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported + (0x040B) 183 + 13.1.4.13 client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported (0x040C) 183 + 13.1.4.14 client-error-charset-not-supported (0x040D) 183 + 13.1.4.15 client-error-conflicting-attributes (0x040E) 183 + 13.1.4.16 client-error-compression-not-supported (0x040F) 184 + 13.1.4.17 client-error-compression-error (0x0410) 184 + 13.1.4.18 client-error-document-format-error (0x0411) 184 + 13.1.4.19 client-error-document-access-error (0x0412) 184 + 13.1.5 Server Error Status Codes 185 + 13.1.5.1 server-error-internal-error (0x0500) 185 + 13.1.5.2 server-error-operation-not-supported (0x0501) 185 + 13.1.5.3 server-error-service-unavailable (0x0502) 185 + 13.1.5.4 server-error-version-not-supported (0x0503) 185 + 13.1.5.5 server-error-device-error (0x0504) 186 + 13.1.5.6 server-error-temporary-error (0x0505) 186 + 13.1.5.7 server-error-not-accepting-jobs (0x0506) 187 + 13.1.5.8 server-error-busy (0x0507) 187 + 13.1.5.9 server-error-job-canceled (0x0508) 187 + 13.1.5.10 server-error-multiple-document-jobs-not-supported + (0x0509) 187 + 13.2 Status Codes for IPP Operations 187 + 14. APPENDIX C: "media" keyword values 190 + 15. APPENDIX D: Processing IPP Attributes 208 + 15.1 Fidelity 209 + 15.2 Page Description Language (PDL) Override 210 + 15.3 Using Job Template Attributes During Document Processing 212 + 16. APPENDIX E: Generic Directory Schema 214 + 17. APPENDIX F: Differences between the IPP/1.0 and IPP/1.1 + "Model and Semantics" Documents 215 + 18. Full Copyright Statement 224 + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +1. Introduction + + The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is an application level protocol + that can be used for distributed printing using Internet tools and + technologies. IPP version 1.1 (IPP/1.1) focuses primarily on end + user functionality with a few administrative operations included. + This document is just one of a suite of documents that fully define + IPP. The full set of IPP documents includes: + + Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol [RFC2567] + Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet + Printing Protocol [RFC2568] + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics (this document) + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and Transport [RFC2910] + Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] + Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols [RFC2569] + + Anyone reading these documents for the first time is strongly + encouraged to read the IPP documents in the above order. + + This document is laid out as follows: + + - The rest of Section 1 is an introduction to the IPP simplified + model for distributed printing. + - Section 2 introduces the object types covered in the model with + their basic behaviors, attributes, and interactions. + - Section 3 defines the operations included in IPP/1.1. IPP + operations are synchronous, therefore, for each operation, there is + a both request and a response. + - Section 4 defines the attributes (and their syntaxes) that are used + in the model. + - Sections 5 - 6 summarizes the implementation conformance + requirements for objects that support the protocol and IANA + considerations, respectively. + - Sections 7 - 11 cover the Internationalization and Security + considerations as well as References, Author contact information, + and Formats for Registration Proposals. + - Sections 12 - 14 are appendices that cover Terminology, Status + Codes and Messages, and "media" keyword values. + + Note: This document uses terms such as "attributes", "keywords", + and "support". These terms have special meaning and are defined + in the model terminology section 12.2. Capitalized terms, such + as MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, MAY, NEED NOT, + and OPTIONAL, have special meaning relating to conformance. + These terms are defined in section 12.1 on conformance + terminology, most of which is taken from RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - Section 15 is an appendix that helps to clarify the effects of + interactions between related attributes and their values. + - Section 16 is an appendix that enumerates the subset of Printer + attributes that form a generic directory schema. These attributes + are useful when registering a Printer so that a client can find the + Printer not just by name, but by filtered searches as well. + - Section 17 is an appendix summarizing the additions and changes + from the IPP/1.0 "Model and Semantics" document [RFC2566] to make + this IPP/1.1 document. + - Section 18 is the full copyright notice. + +1.1 Simplified Printing Model + + In order to achieve its goal of realizing a workable printing + protocol for the Internet, the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is + based on a simplified printing model that abstracts the many + components of real world printing solutions. The Internet is a + distributed computing environment where requesters of print services + (clients, applications, printer drivers, etc.) cooperate and interact + with print service providers. This model and semantics document + describes a simple, abstract model for IPP even though the underlying + configurations may be complex "n-tier" client/server systems. An + important simplifying step in the IPP model is to expose only the key + objects and interfaces required for printing. The model described in + this model document does not include features, interfaces, and + relationships that are beyond the scope of the first version of IPP + (IPP/1.1). IPP/1.1 incorporates many of the relevant ideas and + lessons learned from other specification and development efforts + [HTPP] [ISO10175] [LDPA] [P1387.4] [PSIS] [RFC1179] [SWP]. IPP is + heavily influenced by the printing model introduced in the Document + Printing Application (DPA) [ISO10175] standard. Although DPA + specifies both end user and administrative features, IPP version 1.1 + (IPP/1.1) focuses primarily on end user functionality with a few + additional OPTIONAL operator operations. + + The IPP/1.1 model encapsulates the important components of + distributed printing into two object types: + + - Printer (Section 2.1) + - Job (Section 2.2) + + Each object type has an associated set of operations (see section 3) + and attributes (see section 4). + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + It is important, however, to understand that in real system + implementations (which lie underneath the abstracted IPP/1.1 model), + there are other components of a print service which are not + explicitly defined in the IPP/1.1 model. The following figure + illustrates where IPP/1.1 fits with respect to these other + components. + + +--------------+ + | Application | + o +. . . . . . . | + \|/ | Spooler | + / \ +. . . . . . . | +---------+ + End-User | Print Driver |---| File | + +-----------+ +-----+ +------+-------+ +----+----+ + | Browser | | GUI | | | + +-----+-----+ +--+--+ | | + | | | | + | +---+------------+---+ | + N D S | | IPP Client |------------+ + O I E | +---------+----------+ + T R C | | + I E U | + F C R -------------- Transport ------------------ + I T I + C O T | --+ + A R Y +--------+--------+ | + T Y | IPP Server | | + I +--------+--------+ | + O | | + N +-----------------+ | IPP Printer + | Print Service | | + +-----------------+ | + | --+ + +-----------------+ + | Output Device(s)| + +-----------------+ + + An IPP Printer object encapsulates the functions normally associated + with physical output devices along with the spooling, scheduling and + multiple device management functions often associated with a print + server. Printer objects are optionally registered as entries in a + directory where end users find and select them based on some sort of + filtered and context based searching mechanism (see section 16). The + directory is used to store relatively static information about the + Printer, allowing end users to search for and find Printers that + match their search criteria, for example: name, context, printer + capabilities, etc. The more dynamic information, such as state, + currently loaded and ready media, number of jobs at the Printer, + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + errors, warnings, and so forth, is directly associated with the + Printer object itself rather than with the entry in the directory + which only represents the Printer object. + + IPP clients implement the IPP protocol on the client side and give + end users (or programs running on behalf of end users) the ability to + query Printer objects and submit and manage print jobs. An IPP + server is just that part of the Printer object that implements the + server-side protocol. The rest of the Printer object implements (or + gateways into) the application semantics of the print service itself. + The Printer objects may be embedded in an output device or may be + implemented on a host on the network that communicates with an output + device. + + When a job is submitted to the Printer object and the Printer object + validates the attributes in the submission request, the Printer + object creates a new Job object. The end user then interacts with + this new Job object to query its status and monitor the progress of + the job. An end user can also cancel their print jobs by using the + Job object's Cancel-Job operation. An end-user can also hold, + release, and restart their print jobs using the Job object's OPTIONAL + Hold-Job, Release-Job, and Restart-Job operations, if implemented. + + A privileged operator or administrator of a Printer object can + cancel, hold, release, and restart any user's job using the REQUIRED + Cancel-Job and the OPTIONAL Hold-Job, Release-Job, and Restart-Job + operations. In additional privileged operator or administrator of a + Printer object can pause, resume, or purge (jobs from) a Printer + object using the OPTIONAL Pause-Printer, Resume-Printer, and Purge- + Jobs operations, if implemented. + + The notification service is out of scope for this IPP/1.1 document, + but using such a notification service, the end user is able to + register for and receive Printer specific and Job specific events. + An end user can query the status of Printer objects and can follow + the progress of Job objects by polling using the Get-Printer- + Attributes, Get-Jobs, and Get-Job-Attributes operations. + +2. IPP Objects + + The IPP/1.1 model introduces objects of type Printer and Job. Each + type of object models relevant aspects of a real-world entity such as + a real printer or real print job. Each object type is defined as a + set of possible attributes that may be supported by instances of that + object type. For each object (instance), the actual set of supported + attributes and values describe a specific implementation. The + object's attributes and values describe its state, capabilities, + realizable features, job processing functions, and default behaviors + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + and characteristics. For example, the Printer object type is defined + as a set of attributes that each Printer object potentially supports. + In the same manner, the Job object type is defined as a set of + attributes that are potentially supported by each Job object. + + Each attribute included in the set of attributes defining an object + type is labeled as: + + - "REQUIRED": each object MUST support the attribute. + - "RECOMMENDED": each object SHOULD support the attribute. + - "OPTIONAL": each object MAY support the attribute. + + Some definitions of attribute values indicate that an object MUST or + SHOULD support the value; otherwise, support of the value is + OPTIONAL. + + However, if an implementation supports an attribute, it MUST support + at least one of the possible values for that attribute. + +2.1 Printer Object + + The major component of the IPP/1.1 model is the Printer object. A + Printer object implements the server-side of the IPP/1.1 protocol. + Using the protocol, end users may query the attributes of the Printer + object and submit print jobs to the Printer object. The actual + implementation components behind the Printer abstraction may take on + different forms and different configurations. However, the model + abstraction allows the details of the configuration of real + components to remain opaque to the end user. Section 3 describes + each of the Printer operations in detail. + + The capabilities and state of a Printer object are described by its + attributes. Printer attributes are divided into two groups: + + - "job-template" attributes: These attributes describe supported job + processing capabilities and defaults for the Printer object. (See + section 4.2) + - "printer-description" attributes: These attributes describe the + Printer object's identification, state, location, references to + other sources of information about the Printer object, etc. (see + section 4.4) + + Since a Printer object is an abstraction of a generic document output + device and print service provider, a Printer object could be used to + represent any real or virtual device with semantics consistent with + the Printer object, such as a fax device, an imager, or even a CD + writer. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Some examples of configurations supporting a Printer object include: + + 1) An output device with no spooling capabilities + 2) An output device with a built-in spooler + 3) A print server supporting IPP with one or more associated + output devices + 3a) The associated output devices may or may not be capable of + spooling jobs + 3b) The associated output devices may or may not support IPP + + The following figures show some examples of how Printer objects can + be realized on top of various distributed printing configurations. + The embedded case below represents configurations 1 and 2. The hosted + and fan-out figures below represent configurations 3a and 3b. + + In this document the term "client" refers to a software entity that + sends IPP operation requests to an IPP Printer object and accepts IPP + operation responses. A client MAY be: + + 1. contained within software controlled by an end user, e.g. + activated by the "Print" menu item in an application or + + 2. the print server component that sends IPP requests to either an + output device or another "downstream" print server. + + The term "IPP Printer" is a network entity that accepts IPP operation + requests and returns IPP operation responses. As such, an IPP object + MAY be: + + 1. an (embedded) device component that accepts IPP requests and + controls the device or + + 2. a component of a print server that accepts IPP requests (where + the print server controls one or more networked devices using + IPP or other protocols). + + Legend: + + ##### indicates a Printer object which is + either embedded in an output device or is + hosted in a server. The Printer object + might or might not be capable of queuing/spooling. + + any indicates any network protocol or direct + connect, including IPP + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + embedded printer: + output device + +---------------+ + O +--------+ | ########### | + /|\ | client |------------IPP------------># Printer # | + / \ +--------+ | # Object # | + | ########### | + +---------------+ + + hosted printer: + +---------------+ + O +--------+ ########### | | + /|\ | client |--IPP--># Printer #-any->| output device | + / \ +--------+ # Object # | | + ########### +---------------+ + + + +---------------+ + fan out: | | + +-->| output device | + any/ | | + O +--------+ ########### / +---------------+ + /|\ | client |-IPP-># Printer #--* + / \ +--------+ # Object # \ +---------------+ + ########### any\ | | + +-->| output device | + | | + +---------------+ + +2.2 Job Object + + A Job object is used to model a print job. A Job object contains + documents. The information required to create a Job object is sent + in a create request from the end user via an IPP Client to the + Printer object. The Printer object validates the create request, and + if the Printer object accepts the request, the Printer object creates + the new Job object. Section 3 describes each of the Job operations + in detail. + + The characteristics and state of a Job object are described by its + attributes. Job attributes are grouped into two groups as follows: + + - "job-template" attributes: These attributes can be supplied by + the client or end user and include job processing instructions + which are intended to override any Printer object defaults + and/or instructions embedded within the document data. (See + section 4.2) + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - "job-description" attributes: These attributes describe the Job + object's identification, state, size, etc. The client supplies + some of these attributes, and the Printer object generates + others. (See section 4.3) + + An implementation MUST support at least one document per Job object. + An implementation MAY support multiple documents per Job object. A + document is either: + + - a stream of document data in a format supported by the Printer + object (typically a Page Description Language - PDL), or + - a reference to such a stream of document data + + In IPP/1.1, a document is not modeled as an IPP object, therefore it + has no object identifier or associated attributes. All job + processing instructions are modeled as Job object attributes. These + attributes are called Job Template attributes and they apply equally + to all documents within a Job object. + +2.3 Object Relationships + + IPP objects have relationships that are maintained persistently along + with the persistent storage of the object attributes. + + A Printer object can represent either one or more physical output + devices or a logical device which "processes" jobs but never actually + uses a physical output device to put marks on paper. Examples of + logical devices include a Web page publisher or a gateway into an + online document archive or repository. A Printer object contains + zero or more Job objects. + + A Job object is contained by exactly one Printer object, however the + identical document data associated with a Job object could be sent to + either the same or a different Printer object. In this case, a + second Job object would be created which would be almost identical to + the first Job object, however it would have new (different) Job + object identifiers (see section 2.4). + + A Job object is either empty (before any documents have been added) + or contains one or more documents. If the contained document is a + stream of document data, that stream can be contained in only one + document. However, there can be identical copies of the stream in + other documents in the same or different Job objects. If the + contained document is just a reference to a stream of document data, + other documents (in the same or different Job object(s)) may contain + the same reference. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +2.4 Object Identity + + All Printer and Job objects are identified by a Uniform Resource + Identifier (URI) [RFC2396] so that they can be persistently and + unambiguously referenced. Since every URL is a specialized form of a + URI, even though the more generic term URI is used throughout the + rest of this document, its usage is intended to cover the more + specific notion of URL as well. + + An administrator configures Printer objects to either support or not + support authentication and/or message privacy using Transport Layer + Security (TLS) [RFC2246] (the mechanism for security configuration is + outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document). In some situations, + both types of connections (both authenticated and unauthenticated) + can be established using a single communication channel that has some + sort of negotiation mechanism. In other situations, multiple + communication channels are used, one for each type of security + configuration. Section 8 provides a full description of all security + considerations and configurations. + + If a Printer object supports more than one communication channel, + some or all of those channels might support and/or require different + security mechanisms. In such cases, an administrator could expose + the simultaneous support for these multiple communication channels as + multiple URIs for a single Printer object where each URI represents + one of the communication channels to the Printer object. To support + this flexibility, the IPP Printer object type defines a multi-valued + identification attribute called the "printer-uri-supported" + attribute. It MUST contain at least one URI. It MAY contain more + than one URI. That is, every Printer object will have at least one + URI that identifies at least one communication channel to the Printer + object, but it may have more than one URI where each URI identifies a + different communication channel to the Printer object. The + "printer-uri-supported" attribute has two companion attributes, the + "uri-security-supported" attribute and the "uri-authentication- + supported". Both have the same cardinality as "printer-uri- + supported". The purpose of the "uri-security-supported" attribute is + to indicate the security mechanisms (if any) used for each URI listed + in "printer-uri-supported". The purpose of the "uri-authentication- + supported" attribute is to indicate the authentication mechanisms (if + any) used for each URI listed in "printer-uri-supported". These + three attributes are fully described in sections 4.4.1, 4.4.2, and + 4.4.3. + + When a job is submitted to the Printer object via a create request, + the client supplies only a single Printer object URI. The client + supplied Printer object URI MUST be one of the values in the + "printer-uri-supported" Printer attribute. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + IPP/1.1 does not specify how the client obtains the client supplied + URI, but it is RECOMMENDED that a Printer object be registered as an + entry in a directory service. End-users and programs can then + interrogate the directory searching for Printers. Section 16 defines + a generic schema for Printer object entries in the directory service + and describes how the entry acts as a bridge to the actual IPP + Printer object. The entry in the directory that represents the IPP + Printer object includes the possibly many URIs for that Printer + object as values in one its attributes. + + When a client submits a create request to the Printer object, the + Printer object validates the request and creates a new Job object. + The Printer object assigns the new Job object a URI which is stored + in the "job-uri" Job attribute. This URI is then used by clients as + the target for subsequent Job operations. The Printer object + generates a Job URI based on its configured security policy and the + URI used by the client in the create request. + + For example, consider a Printer object that supports both a + communication channel secured by the use of SSL3 (using HTTP over + SSL3 with an "https" schemed URI) and another open communication + channel that is not secured with SSL3 (using a simple "http" schemed + URI). If a client were to submit a job using the secure URI, the + Printer object would assign the new Job object a secure URI as well. + If a client were to submit a job using the open-channel URI, the + Printer would assign the new Job object an open-channel URI. + + In addition, the Printer object also populates the Job object's + "job-printer-uri" attribute. This is a reference back to the Printer + object that created the Job object. If a client only has access to a + Job object's "job-uri" identifier, the client can query the Job's + "job-printer-uri" attribute in order to determine which Printer + object created the Job object. If the Printer object supports more + than one URI, the Printer object picks the one URI supplied by the + client when creating the job to build the value for and to populate + the Job's "job-printer-uri" attribute. + + Allowing Job objects to have URIs allows for flexibility and + scalability. For example, in some implementations, the Printer + object might create Jobs that are processed in the same local + environment as the Printer object itself. In this case, the Job URI + might just be a composition of the Printer's URI and some unique + component for the Job object, such as the unique 32-bit positive + integer mentioned later in this paragraph. In other implementations, + the Printer object might be a central clearing-house for validating + all Job object creation requests, but the Job object itself might be + created in some environment that is remote from the Printer object. + In this case, the Job object's URI may have no physical-location + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + relationship at all to the Printer object's URI. Again, the fact + that Job objects have URIs allows for flexibility and scalability, + however, many existing printing systems have local models or + interface constraints that force print jobs to be identified using + only a 32-bit positive integer rather than an independent URI. This + numeric Job ID is only unique within the context of the Printer + object to which the create request was originally submitted. + Therefore, in order to allow both types of client access to IPP Job + objects (either by Job URI or by numeric Job ID), when the Printer + object successfully processes a create request and creates a new Job + object, the Printer object MUST generate both a Job URI and a Job ID. + The Job ID (stored in the "job-id" attribute) only has meaning in the + context of the Printer object to which the create request was + originally submitted. This requirement to support both Job URIs and + Job IDs allows all types of clients to access Printer objects and Job + objects no matter the local constraints imposed on the client + implementation. + + In addition to identifiers, Printer objects and Job objects have + names ("printer-name" and "job-name"). An object name NEED NOT be + unique across all instances of all objects. A Printer object's name + is chosen and set by an administrator through some mechanism outside + the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. A Job object's name is + optionally chosen and supplied by the IPP client submitting the job. + If the client does not supply a Job object name, the Printer object + generates a name for the new Job object. In all cases, the name only + has local meaning. + + To summarize: + + - Each Printer object is identified with one or more URIs. The + Printer's "printer-uri-supported" attribute contains the URI(s). + - The Printer object's "uri-security-supported" attribute + identifies the communication channel security protocols that may + or may not have been configured for the various Printer object + URIs (e.g., 'tls' or 'none'). + - The Printer object's "uri-authentication-supported" attribute + identifies the authentication mechanisms that may or may not + have been configured for the various Printer object URIs (e.g., + 'digest' or 'none'). + - Each Job object is identified with a Job URI. The Job's "job- + uri" attribute contains the URI. + - Each Job object is also identified with Job ID which is a 32- + bit, positive integer. The Job's "job-id" attribute contains + the Job ID. The Job ID is only unique within the context of the + Printer object which created the Job object. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - Each Job object has a "job-printer-uri" attribute which contains + the URI of the Printer object that was used to create the Job + object. This attribute is used to determine the Printer object + that created a Job object when given only the URI for the Job + object. This linkage is necessary to determine the languages, + charsets, and operations which are supported on that Job (the + basis for such support comes from the creating Printer object). + - Each Printer object has a name (which is not necessarily + unique). The administrator chooses and sets this name through + some mechanism outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. The + Printer object's "printer-name" attribute contains the name. + - Each Job object has a name (which is not necessarily unique). + The client optionally supplies this name in the create request. + If the client does not supply this name, the Printer object + generates a name for the Job object. The Job object's "job-name" + attribute contains the name. + +3. IPP Operations + + IPP objects support operations. An operation consists of a request + and a response. When a client communicates with an IPP object, the + client issues an operation request to the URI for that object. + Operation requests and responses have parameters that identify the + operation. Operations also have attributes that affect the run-time + characteristics of the operation (the intended target, localization + information, etc.). These operation-specific attributes are called + operation attributes (as compared to object attributes such as + Printer object attributes or Job object attributes). Each request + carries along with it any operation attributes, object attributes, + and/or document data required to perform the operation. Each request + requires a response from the object. Each response indicates success + or failure of the operation with a status code as a response + parameter. The response contains any operation attributes, object + attributes, and/or status messages generated during the execution of + the operation request. + + This section describes the semantics of the IPP operations, both + requests and responses, in terms of the parameters, attributes, and + other data associated with each operation. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The IPP/1.1 Printer operations are: + + Print-Job (section 3.2.1) + Print-URI (section 3.2.2) + Validate-Job (section 3.2.3) + Create-Job (section 3.2.4) + Get-Printer-Attributes (section 3.2.5) + Get-Jobs (section 3.2.6) + Pause-Printer (section 3.3.5) + Resume-Printer (section 3.3.6) + Purge-Jobs (section 3.3.7) + + The Job operations are: + + Send-Document (section 3.3.1) + Send-URI (section 3.3.2) + Cancel-Job (section 3.3.3) + Get-Job-Attributes (section 3.3.4) + Hold-Job (section 3.3.5) + Release-Job (section 3.3.6) + Restart-Job (section 3.3.7) + + The Send-Document and Send-URI Job operations are used to add a new + document to an existing multi-document Job object created using the + Create-Job operation. + +3.1 Common Semantics + + All IPP operations require some common parameters and operation + attributes. These common elements and their semantic characteristics + are defined and described in more detail in the following sections. + +3.1.1 Required Parameters + + Every operation request contains the following REQUIRED parameters: + + - a "version-number", + - an "operation-id", + - a "request-id", and + - the attributes that are REQUIRED for that type of request. + + Every operation response contains the following REQUIRED parameters: + + - a "version-number", + - a "status-code", + - the "request-id" that was supplied in the corresponding request, + and + - the attributes that are REQUIRED for that type of response. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] defines special rules + for the encoding of these parameters. All other operation elements + are represented using the more generic encoding rules for attributes + and groups of attributes. + +3.1.2 Operation IDs and Request IDs + + Each IPP operation request includes an identifying "operation-id" + value. Valid values are defined in the "operations-supported" + Printer attribute section (see section 4.4.15). The client specifies + which operation is being requested by supplying the correct + "operation-id" value. + + In addition, every invocation of an operation is identified by a + "request-id" value. For each request, the client chooses the + "request-id" which MUST be an integer (possibly unique depending on + client requirements) in the range from 1 to 2**31 - 1 (inclusive). + This "request-id" allows clients to manage multiple outstanding + requests. The receiving IPP object copies all 32-bits of the client- + supplied "request-id" attribute into the response so that the client + can match the response with the correct outstanding request, even if + the "request-id" is out of range. If the request is terminated + before the complete "request-id" is received, the IPP object rejects + the request and returns a response with a "request-id" of 0. + + Note: In some cases, the transport protocol underneath IPP might be a + connection oriented protocol that would make it impossible for a + client to receive responses in any order other than the order in + which the corresponding requests were sent. In such cases, the + "request-id" attribute would not be essential for correct protocol + operation. However, in other mappings, the operation responses can + come back in any order. In these cases, the "request-id" would be + essential. + +3.1.3 Attributes + + Operation requests and responses are both composed of groups of + attributes and/or document data. The attributes groups are: + + - Operation Attributes: These attributes are passed in the + operation and affect the IPP object's behavior while processing + the operation request and may affect other attributes or groups + of attributes. Some operation attributes describe the document + data associated with the print job and are associated with new + Job objects, however most operation attributes do not persist + beyond the life of the operation. The description of each + operation attribute includes conformance statements indicating + which operation attributes are REQUIRED and which are OPTIONAL + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + for an IPP object to support and which attributes a client MUST + supply in a request and an IPP object MUST supply in a response. + - Job Template Attributes: These attributes affect the processing + of a job. A client OPTIONALLY supplies Job Template Attributes + in a create request, and the receiving object MUST be prepared + to receive all supported attributes. The Job object can later + be queried to find out what Job Template attributes were + originally requested in the create request, and such attributes + are returned in the response as Job Object Attributes. The + Printer object can be queried about its Job Template attributes + to find out what type of job processing capabilities are + supported and/or what the default job processing behaviors are, + though such attributes are returned in the response as Printer + Object Attributes. The "ipp-attribute-fidelity" operation + attribute affects processing of all client-supplied Job Template + attributes (see sections 3.2.1.2 and 15 for a full description + of "ipp-attribute-fidelity" and its relationship to other + attributes). + - Job Object Attributes: These attributes are returned in response + to a query operation directed at a Job object. + - Printer Object Attributes: These attributes are returned in + response to a query operation directed at a Printer object. + - Unsupported Attributes: In a create request, the client supplies + a set of Operation and Job Template attributes. If any of these + attributes or their values is unsupported by the Printer object, + the Printer object returns the set of unsupported attributes in + the response. Sections 3.1.7, 3.2.1.2, and 15 give a full + description of how Job Template attributes supplied by the + client in a create request are processed by the Printer object + and how unsupported attributes are returned to the client. + Because of extensibility, any IPP object might receive a request + that contains new or unknown attributes or values for which it + has no support. In such cases, the IPP object processes what it + can and returns the unsupported attributes in the response. The + Unsupported Attribute group is defined for all operation + responses for returning unsupported attributes that the client + supplied in the request. + + Later in this section, each operation is formally defined by + identifying the allowed and expected groups of attributes for each + request and response. The model identifies a specific order for each + group in each request or response, but the attributes within each + group may be in any order, unless specified otherwise. + + The attributes within a group MUST be unique; if an attribute with + the same name occurs more than once, the group is mal-formed. + Clients MUST NOT submit such malformed requests and Printers MUST NOT + return such malformed responses. If such a malformed request is + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + submitted to a Printer, the Printer MUST either (1) reject the + request with the 'client-error-bad-request' status code (see section + 13.1.4.1) or (2) process the request normally after selecting only + one of the attribute instances, depending on implementation. Which + attribute is selected when there are duplicate attributes depends on + implementation. The IPP Printer MUST NOT use the values from more + than one such duplicate attribute instance. + + Each attribute definition includes the attribute's name followed by + the name of its attribute syntax(es) in parenthesizes. In addition, + each 'integer' attribute is followed by the allowed range in + parentheses, (m:n), for values of that attribute. Each 'text' or + 'name' attribute is followed by the maximum size in octets in + parentheses, (size), for values of that attribute. For more details + on attribute syntax notation, see the descriptions of these + attributes syntaxes in section 4.1. + + Note: Document data included in the operation is not strictly an + attribute, but it is treated as a special attribute group for + ordering purposes. The only operations that support supplying the + document data within an operation request are Print-Job and Send- + Document. There are no operation responses that include document + data. + + Some operations are REQUIRED for IPP objects to support; the others + are OPTIONAL (see section 5.2.2). Therefore, before using an + OPTIONAL operation, a client SHOULD first use the REQUIRED Get- + Printer-Attributes operation to query the Printer's "operations- + supported" attribute in order to determine which OPTIONAL Printer and + Job operations are actually supported. The client SHOULD NOT use an + OPTIONAL operation that is not supported. When an IPP object + receives a request to perform an operation it does not support, it + returns the 'server-error-operation-not-supported' status code (see + section 13.1.5.2). An IPP object is non-conformant if it does not + support a REQUIRED operation. + +3.1.4 Character Set and Natural Language Operation Attributes + + Some Job and Printer attributes have values that are text strings and + names intended for human understanding rather than machine + understanding (see the 'text' and 'name' attribute syntax + descriptions in section 4.1). The following sections describe two + special Operation Attributes called "attributes-charset" and + "attributes-natural-language". These attributes are always part of + the Operation Attributes group. For most attribute groups, the order + of the attributes within the group is not important. However, for + these two attributes within the Operation Attributes group, the order + is critical. The "attributes-charset" attribute MUST be the first + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + attribute in the group and the "attributes-natural-language" + attribute MUST be the second attribute in the group. In other words, + these attributes MUST be supplied in every IPP request and response, + they MUST come first in the group, and MUST come in the specified + order. For job creation operations, the IPP Printer implementation + saves these two attributes with the new Job object as Job Description + attributes. For the sake of brevity in this document, these + operation attribute descriptions are not repeated with every + operation request and response, but have a reference back to this + section instead. + +3.1.4.1 Request Operation Attributes + + The client MUST supply and the Printer object MUST support the + following REQUIRED operation attributes in every IPP/1.1 operation + request: + + "attributes-charset" (charset): + This operation attribute identifies the charset (coded + character set and encoding method) used by any 'text' and + 'name' attributes that the client is supplying in this request. + It also identifies the charset that the Printer object MUST use + (if supported) for all 'text' and 'name' attributes and status + messages that the Printer object returns in the response to + this request. See Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 for the definition + of the 'text' and 'name' attribute syntaxes. + + All clients and IPP objects MUST support the 'utf-8' charset + [RFC2279] and MAY support additional charsets provided that + they are registered with IANA [IANA-CS]. If the Printer object + does not support the client supplied charset value, the Printer + object MUST reject the request, set the "attributes-charset" to + 'utf-8' in the response, and return the 'client-error-charset- + not-supported' status code and any 'text' or 'name' attributes + using the 'utf-8' charset. The Printer NEED NOT return any + attributes in the Unsupported Attributes Group (See sections + 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.2). The Printer object MUST indicate the + charset(s) supported as the values of the "charset-supported" + Printer attribute (see Section 4.4.18), so that the client can + query to determine which charset(s) are supported. + + Note to client implementers: Since IPP objects are only + required to support the 'utf-8' charset, in order to maximize + interoperability with multiple IPP object implementations, a + client may want to supply 'utf-8' in the "attributes-charset" + operation attribute, even though the client is only passing and + able to present a simpler charset, such as US-ASCII [ASCII] or + ISO-8859-1 [ISO8859-1]. Then the client will have to filter + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + out (or charset convert) those characters that are returned in + the response that it cannot present to its user. On the other + hand, if both the client and the IPP objects also support a + charset in common besides utf-8, the client may want to use + that charset in order to avoid charset conversion or data loss. + + See the 'charset' attribute syntax description in Section 4.1.7 + for the syntax and semantic interpretation of the values of + this attribute and for example values. + + "attributes-natural-language" (naturalLanguage): + This operation attribute identifies the natural language used + by any 'text' and 'name' attributes that the client is + supplying in this request. This attribute also identifies the + natural language that the Printer object SHOULD use for all + 'text' and 'name' attributes and status messages that the + Printer object returns in the response to this request. See + the 'naturalLanguage' attribute syntax description in section + 4.1.8 for the syntax and semantic interpretation of the values + of this attribute and for example values. + + There are no REQUIRED natural languages required for the + Printer object to support. However, the Printer object's + "generated-natural-language-supported" attribute identifies the + natural languages supported by the Printer object and any + contained Job objects for all text strings generated by the IPP + object. A client MAY query this attribute to determine which + natural language(s) are supported for generated messages. + + For any of the attributes for which the Printer object + generates text, i.e., for the "job-state-message", "printer- + state-message", and status messages (see Section 3.1.6), the + Printer object MUST be able to generate these text strings in + any of its supported natural languages. If the client requests + a natural language that is not supported, the Printer object + MUST return these generated messages in the Printer's + configured natural language as specified by the Printer's + "natural-language-configured" attribute" (see Section 4.4.19). + + For other 'text' and 'name' attributes supplied by the client, + authentication system, operator, system administrator, or + manufacturer (i.e., for "job-originating-user-name", "printer- + name" (name), "printer-location" (text), "printer-info" (text), + and "printer-make-and-model" (text)), the Printer object is + only required to support the configured natural language of the + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Printer identified by the Printer object's "natural-language- + configured" attribute, though support of additional natural + languages for these attributes is permitted. + + For any 'text' or 'name' attribute in the request that is in a + different natural language than the value supplied in the + "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute, the client + MUST use the Natural Language Override mechanism (see sections + 4.1.1.2 and 4.1.2.2) for each such attribute value supplied. + The client MAY use the Natural Language Override mechanism + redundantly, i.e., use it even when the value is in the same + natural language as the value supplied in the "attributes- + natural-language" operation attribute of the request. + + The IPP object MUST accept any natural language and any Natural + Language Override, whether the IPP object supports that natural + language or not (and independent of the value of the "ipp- + attribute-fidelity" Operation attribute). That is the IPP + object accepts all client supplied values no matter what the + values are in the Printer object's "generated-natural- + language-supported" attribute. That attribute, "generated- + natural-language-supported", only applies to generated + messages, not client supplied messages. The IPP object MUST + remember that natural language for all client-supplied + attributes, and when returning those attributes in response to + a query, the IPP object MUST indicate that natural language. + + Each value whose attribute syntax type is 'text' or 'name' (see + sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2) has an Associated Natural-Language. + This document does not specify how this association is stored + in a Printer or Job object. When such a value is encoded in a + request or response, the natural language is either implicit or + explicit: + + - In the implicit case, the value contains only the text/name + value, and the language is specified by the "attributes- + natural-language" operation attribute in the request or + response (see sections 4.1.1.1 textWithoutLanguage and + 4.1.2.1 nameWithoutLanguage). + + - In the explicit case (also known as the Natural-Language + Override case), the value contains both the language and the + text/name value (see sections 4.1.1.2 textWithLanguage and + 4.1.2.2 nameWithLanguage). + + For example, the "job-name" attribute MAY be supplied by the + client in a create request. The text value for this attribute + will be in the natural language identified by the "attribute- + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + natural-language" attribute, or if different, as identified by + the Natural Language Override mechanism. If supplied, the IPP + object will use the value of the "job-name" attribute to + populate the Job object's "job-name" attribute. Whenever any + client queries the Job object's "job-name" attribute, the IPP + object returns the attribute as stored and uses the Natural + Language Override mechanism to specify the natural language, if + it is different from that reported in the "attributes-natural- + language" operation attribute of the response. The IPP object + MAY use the Natural Language Override mechanism redundantly, + i.e., use it even when the value is in the same natural + language as the value supplied in the "attributes-natural- + language" operation attribute of the response. + + An IPP object MUST NOT reject a request based on a supplied + natural language in an "attributes-natural-language" Operation + attribute or in any attribute that uses the Natural Language + Override. + + Clients SHOULD NOT supply 'text' or 'name' attributes that use an + illegal combination of natural language and charset. For example, + suppose a Printer object supports charsets 'utf-8', 'iso-8859-1', and + 'iso-8859-7'. Suppose also, that it supports natural languages 'en' + (English), 'fr' (French), and 'el' (Greek). Although the Printer + object supports the charset 'iso-8859-1' and natural language 'el', + it probably does not support the combination of Greek text strings + using the 'iso-8859-1' charset. The Printer object handles this + apparent incompatibility differently depending on the context in + which it occurs: + + - In a create request: If the client supplies a text or name + attribute (for example, the "job-name" operation attribute) that + uses an apparently incompatible combination, it is a client + choice that does not affect the Printer object or its correct + operation. Therefore, the Printer object simply accepts the + client supplied value, stores it with the Job object, and + responds back with the same combination whenever the client (or + any client) queries for that attribute. + - In a query-type operation, like Get-Printer-Attributes: If the + client requests an apparently incompatible combination, the + Printer object responds (as described in section 3.1.4.2) using + the Printer's configured natural language rather than the + natural language requested by the client. + + In either case, the Printer object does not reject the request + because of the apparent incompatibility. The potential incompatible + combination of charset and natural language can occur either at the + global operation level or at the Natural Language Override + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + attribute-by-attribute level. In addition, since the response always + includes explicit charset and natural language information, there is + never any question or ambiguity in how the client interprets the + response. + +3.1.4.2 Response Operation Attributes + + The Printer object MUST supply and the client MUST support the + following REQUIRED operation attributes in every IPP/1.1 operation + response: + + "attributes-charset" (charset): + This operation attribute identifies the charset used by any + 'text' and 'name' attributes that the Printer object is + returning in this response. The value in this response MUST be + the same value as the "attributes-charset" operation attribute + supplied by the client in the request. If this is not possible + (i.e., the charset requested is not supported), the request + would have been rejected. See "attributes-charset" described + in Section 3.1.4.1 above. + + If the Printer object supports more than just the 'utf-8' + charset, the Printer object MUST be able to code convert + between each of the charsets supported on a highest fidelity + possible basis in order to return the 'text' and 'name' + attributes in the charset requested by the client. However, + some information loss MAY occur during the charset conversion + depending on the charsets involved. For example, the Printer + object may convert from a UTF-8 'a' to a US-ASCII 'a' (with no + loss of information), from an ISO Latin 1 CAPITAL LETTER A WITH + ACUTE ACCENT to US-ASCII 'A' (losing the accent), or from a + UTF-8 Japanese Kanji character to some ISO Latin 1 error + character indication such as '?', decimal code equivalent, or + to the absence of a character, depending on implementation. + + Whether an implementation that supports more than one charset + stores the data in the charset supplied by the client or code + converts to one of the other supported charsets, depends on + implementation. The strategy should try to minimize loss of + information during code conversion. On each response, such an + implementation converts from its internal charset to that + requested. + + "attributes-natural-language" (naturalLanguage): + This operation attribute identifies the natural language used + by any 'text' and 'name' attributes that the IPP object is + returning in this response. Unlike the "attributes-charset" + operation attribute, the IPP object NEED NOT return the same + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + value as that supplied by the client in the request. The IPP + object MAY return the natural language of the Job object or the + Printer's configured natural language as identified by the + Printer object's "natural-language-configured" attribute, + rather than the natural language supplied by the client. For + any 'text' or 'name' attribute or status message in the + response that is in a different natural language than the value + returned in the "attributes-natural-language" operation + attribute, the IPP object MUST use the Natural Language + Override mechanism (see sections 4.1.1.2 and 4.1.2.2) on each + attribute value returned. The IPP object MAY use the Natural + Language Override mechanism redundantly, i.e., use it even when + the value is in the same natural language as the value supplied + in the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute of the + response. + +3.1.5 Operation Targets + + All IPP operations are directed at IPP objects. For Printer + operations, the operation is always directed at a Printer object + using one of its URIs (i.e., one of the values in the Printer + object's "printer-uri-supported" attribute). Even if the Printer + object supports more than one URI, the client supplies only one URI + as the target of the operation. The client identifies the target + object by supplying the correct URI in the "printer-uri (uri)" + operation attribute. + + For Job operations, the operation is directed at either: + + - The Job object itself using the Job object's URI. In this case, + the client identifies the target object by supplying the correct + URI in the "job-uri (uri)" operation attribute. + - The Printer object that created the Job object using both the + Printer objects URI and the Job object's Job ID. Since the + Printer object that created the Job object generated the Job ID, + it MUST be able to correctly associate the client supplied Job + ID with the correct Job object. The client supplies the Printer + object's URI in the "printer-uri (uri)" operation attribute and + the Job object's Job ID in the "job-id (integer(1:MAX))" + operation attribute. + + If the operation is directed at the Job object directly using the Job + object's URI, the client MUST NOT include the redundant "job-id" + operation attribute. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The operation target attributes are REQUIRED operation attributes + that MUST be included in every operation request. Like the charset + and natural language attributes (see section 3.1.4), the operation + target attributes are specially ordered operation attributes. In all + cases, the operation target attributes immediately follow the + "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" attributes + within the operation attribute group, however the specific ordering + rules are: + + - In the case where there is only one operation target attribute + (i.e., either only the "printer-uri" attribute or only the + "job-uri" attribute), that attribute MUST be the third attribute + in the operation attributes group. + - In the case where Job operations use two operation target + attributes (i.e., the "printer-uri" and "job-id" attributes), + the "printer-uri" attribute MUST be the third attribute and the + "job-id" attribute MUST be the fourth attribute. + + In all cases, the target URIs contained within the body of IPP + operation requests and responses must be in absolute format rather + than relative format (a relative URL identifies a resource with the + scope of the HTTP server, but does not include scheme, host or port). + + The following rules apply to the use of port numbers in URIs that + identify IPP objects: + + 1. If the URI scheme allows the port number to be explicitly + included in the URI string, and a port number is specified + within the URI, then that port number MUST be used by the + client to contact the IPP object. + + 2. If the URI scheme allows the port number to be explicitly + included in the URI string, and a port number is not specified + within the URI, then default port number implied by that URI + scheme MUST be used by the client to contact the IPP object. + + 3. If the URI scheme does not allow an explicit port number to be + specified within the URI, then the default port number implied + by that URI MUST be used by the client to contact the IPP + object. + + Note: The IPP "Encoding and Transport document [RFC2910] shows a + mapping of IPP onto HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] and defines a new default port + number for using IPP over HTTP/1.1. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.1.6 Operation Response Status Codes and Status Messages + + Every operation response includes a REQUIRED "status-code" parameter + and an OPTIONAL "status-message" operation attribute, and an OPTIONAL + "detailed-status-message" operation attribute. The Print-URI and + Send-URI response MAY include an OPTIONAL "document-access-error" + operation attribute. + +3.1.6.1 "status-code" (type2 enum) + + The REQUIRED "status-code" parameter provides information on the + processing of a request. + + The status code is intended for use by automata. A client + implementation of IPP SHOULD convert status code values into any + localized message that has semantic meaning to the end user. + + The "status-code" value is a numeric value that has semantic meaning. + The "status-code" syntax is similar to a "type2 enum" (see section + 4.1 on "Attribute Syntaxes") except that values can range only from + 0x0000 to 0x7FFF. Section 13 describes the status codes, assigns the + numeric values, and suggests a corresponding status message for each + status code for use by the client when the user's natural language is + English. + + If the Printer performs an operation with no errors and it encounters + no problems, it MUST return the status code 'successful-ok' in the + response. See section 13. + + If the client supplies unsupported values for the following + parameters or Operation attributes, the Printer object MUST reject + the operation, NEED NOT return the unsupported attribute value in the + Unsupported Attributes group, and MUST return the indicated status + code: + + Parameter/Attribute Status code + + version-number server-error-version-not-supported + operation-id server-error-operation-not-supported + attributes-charset client-error-charset-not-supported + compression client-error-compression-not-supported + document-format client-error-document-format-not-supported + document-uri client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported, + client-error-document-access-error + + If the client supplies unsupported values for other attributes, or + unsupported attributes, the Printer returns the status code defined + in section 3.1.7 on Unsupported Attributes. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.1.6.2 "status-message" (text(255)) + + The OPTIONAL "status-message" operation attribute provides a short + textual description of the status of the operation. The "status- + message" attribute's syntax is "text(255)", so the maximum length is + 255 octets (see section 4.1.1). The status message is intended for + the human end user. If a response does include a "status-message" + attribute, an IPP client NEED NOT examine or display the messages, + however it SHOULD do so in some implementation specific manner. The + "status-message" is especially useful for a later version of a + Printer object to return as supplemental information for the human + user to accompany a status code that an earlier version of a client + might not understand. + + If the Printer object supports the "status-message" operation + attribute, the Printer object MUST be able to generate this message + in any of the natural languages identified by the Printer object's + "generated-natural-language-supported" attribute (see the + "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute specified in + section 3.1.4.1. Section 13 suggests the text for the status message + returned by the Printer for use with the English natural language. + + As described in section 3.1.4.1 for any returned 'text' attribute, if + there is a choice for generating this message, the Printer object + uses the natural language indicated by the value of the "attributes- + natural-language" in the client request if supported, otherwise the + Printer object uses the value in the Printer object's own "natural- + language-configured" attribute. + + If the Printer object supports the "status-message" operation + attribute, it SHOULD use the REQUIRED 'utf-8' charset to return a + status message for the following error status codes (see section 13): + 'client-error-bad-request', 'client-error-charset-not-supported', + 'server-error-internal-error', 'server-error-operation-not- + supported', and 'server-error-version-not-supported'. In this case, + it MUST set the value of the "attributes-charset" operation attribute + to 'utf-8' in the error response. + +3.1.6.3 "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + + The OPTIONAL "detailed-status-message" operation attribute provides + additional more detailed technical and implementation-specific + information about the operation. The "detailed-status-message" + attribute's syntax is "text(MAX)", so the maximum length is 1023 + octets (see section 4.1.1). If the Printer objects supports the + "detailed-status-message" operation attribute, the Printer NEED NOT + localize the message, since it is intended for use by the system + administrator or other experienced technical persons. Localization + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + might obscure the technical meaning of such messages. Clients MUST + NOT attempt to parse the value of this attribute. See the + "document-access-error" operation attribute (section 3.1.6.4) for + additional errors that a program can process. + +3.1.6.4 "document-access-error" (text(MAX)) + + This OPTIONAL operation attribute provides additional information + about any document access errors encountered by the Printer before it + returned a response to the Print-URI (section 3.2.2) or Send-URI + (section 3.3.1) operation. For errors in the protocol identified by + the URI scheme in the "document-uri" operation attribute, such as + 'http:' or 'ftp:', the error code is returned in parentheses, + followed by the URI. For example: + + (404) http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/new_MOD/ipp-model-v11.pdf + + Most Internet protocols use decimal error codes (unlike IPP), so the + ASCII error code representation is in decimal. + +3.1.7 Unsupported Attributes + + The Unsupported Attributes group contains attributes that are not + supported by the operation. This group is primarily for the job + creation operations, but all operations can return this group. + + A Printer object MUST include an Unsupported Attributes group in a + response if the status code is one of the following: 'successful- + ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes', 'successful-ok-conflicting- + attributes', 'client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported' or + 'client-error-conflicting-attributes'. + + If the status code is one of the four specified in the preceding + paragraph, the Unsupported Attributes group MUST contain all of those + attributes and only those attributes that are: + + a. an Operation or Job Template attribute supplied in the request, + and + + b. unsupported by the printer. See below for details on the three + categories "unsupported" attributes. + + If the status code is one of those in the table in section 3.1.6.1, + the Unsupported Attributes group NEED NOT contain the unsupported + parameter or attribute indicated in that table. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If the Printer object is not returning any Unsupported Attributes in + the response, the Printer object SHOULD omit Group 2 rather than + sending an empty group. However, a client MUST be able to accept an + empty group. + + Unsupported attributes fall into three categories: + + 1. The Printer object does not support the supplied attribute (no + matter what the attribute syntax or value). + + 2. The Printer object does support the attribute, but does not + support some or all of the particular attribute syntaxes or + values supplied by the client (i.e., the Printer object does + not have those attribute syntaxes or values in its + corresponding "xxx-supported" attribute). + + 3. The Printer object does support the attributes and values + supplied, but the particular values are in conflict with one + another, because they violate a constraint, such as not being + able to staple transparencies. + + In the case of an unsupported attribute name, the Printer object + returns the client-supplied attribute with a substituted value of + 'unsupported'. This value's syntax type is "out-of-band" and its + encoding is defined by special rules for "out-of-band" values in the + "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910]. Its value indicates no + support for the attribute itself (see the beginning of section 4.1). + + In the case of a supported attribute with one or more unsupported + attribute syntaxes or values, the Printer object simply returns the + client-supplied attribute with the unsupported attribute syntaxes or + values as supplied by the client. This indicates support for the + attribute, but no support for that particular attribute syntax or + value. If the client supplies a multi-valued attribute with more + than one value and the Printer object supports the attribute but only + supports a subset of the client-supplied attribute syntaxes or + values, the Printer object + + MUST return only those attribute syntaxes or values that are + unsupported. + + In the case of two (or more) supported attribute values that are in + conflict with one another (although each is supported independently, + the values conflict when requested together within the same job), the + Printer object MUST return all the values that it ignores or + substitutes to resolve the conflict, but not any of the values that + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + it is still using. The choice for exactly how to resolve the + conflict is implementation dependent. See sections 3.2.1.2 and 15. + See The Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] for an example. + +3.1.8 Versions + + Each operation request and response carries with it a "version- + number" parameter. Each value of the "version-number" is in the form + "X.Y" where X is the major version number and Y is the minor version + number. By including a version number in the client request, it + allows the client to identify which version of IPP it is interested + in using, i.e., the version whose conformance requirements the client + may be depending upon the Printer to meet. + + If the IPP object does not support that major version number supplied + by the client, i.e., the major version field of the "version-number" + parameter does not match any of the values of the Printer's "ipp- + versions-supported" (see section 4.4.14), the object MUST respond + with a status code of 'server-error-version-not-supported' along with + the closest version number that is supported (see section 13.1.5.4). + If the major version number is supported, but the minor version + number is not, the IPP object SHOULD accept and attempt to perform + the request (or reject the request if the operation is not + supported), else it rejects the request and returns the 'server- + error-version-not-supported' status code. In all cases, the IPP + object MUST return the "version-number" that it supports that is + closest to the version number supplied by the client in the request. + + There is no version negotiation per se. However, if after receiving + a 'server-error-version-not-supported' status code from an IPP + object, a client SHOULD try again with a different version number. A + client MAY also determine the versions supported either from a + directory that conforms to Appendix E (see section 16) or by querying + the Printer object's "ipp-versions-supported" attribute (see section + 4.4.14) to determine which versions are supported. + + An IPP object implementation MUST support version '1.1', i.e., meet + the conformance requirements for IPP/1.1 as specified in this + document and [RFC2910]. It is recommended that IPP object + implementations accept any request with the major version '1' (or + reject the request if the operation is not supported). + + There is only one notion of "version number" that covers both IPP + Model and IPP Protocol changes. Thus the version number MUST change + when introducing a new version of the Model and Semantics document + (this document) or a new version of the "Encoding and Transport" + document [RFC2910]. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Changes to the major version number of the Model and Semantics + document indicate structural or syntactic changes that make it + impossible for older version of IPP clients and Printer objects to + correctly parse and correctly process the new or changed attributes, + operations and responses. If the major version number changes, the + minor version numbers is set to zero. As an example, adding the + REQUIRED "ipp-attribute-fidelity" attribute to version '1.1' (if it + had not been part of version '1.0'), would have required a change to + the major version number, since an IPP/1.0 Printer would not have + processed a request with the correct semantics that contained the + "ipp-attribute-fidelity" attribute that it did not know about. Items + that might affect the changing of the major version number include + any changes to the Model and Semantics document (this document) or + the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] itself, such as: + + - reordering of ordered attributes or attribute sets + - changes to the syntax of existing attributes + - adding REQUIRED (for an IPP object to support) operation + attribute groups + - adding values to existing REQUIRED operation attributes + - adding REQUIRED operations + + Changes to the minor version number indicate the addition of new + features, attributes and attribute values that may not be understood + by all IPP objects, but which can be ignored if not understood. + Items that might affect the changing of the minor version number + include any changes to the model objects and attributes but not the + encoding and transport rules [RFC2910] (except adding attribute + syntaxes). Examples of such changes are: + + - grouping all extensions not included in a previous version into + a new version + - adding new attribute values + - adding new object attributes + - adding OPTIONAL (for an IPP object to support) operation + attributes (i.e., those attributes that an IPP object can ignore + without confusing clients) + - adding OPTIONAL (for an IPP object to support) operation + attribute groups (i.e., those attributes that an IPP object can + ignore without confusing clients) + - adding new attribute syntaxes + - adding OPTIONAL operations + - changing Job Description attributes or Printer Description + attributes from OPTIONAL to REQUIRED or vice versa. + - adding OPTIONAL attribute syntaxes to an existing attribute. + + The encoding of the "version-number" MUST NOT change over any version + number (either major or minor). This rule guarantees that all future + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + versions will be backwards compatible with all previous versions (at + least for checking the "version-number"). In addition, any protocol + elements (attributes, error codes, tags, etc.) that are not carried + forward from one version to the next are deprecated so that they can + never be reused with new semantics. + + Implementations that support a certain version NEED NOT support ALL + previous versions. As each new version is defined (through the + release of a new IPP specification document), that version will + specify which previous versions MUST and which versions SHOULD be + supported in compliant implementations. + +3.1.9 Job Creation Operations + + In order to "submit a print job" and create a new Job object, a + client issues a create request. A create request is any one of + following three operation requests: + + - The Print-Job Request: A client that wants to submit a print job + with only a single document uses the Print-Job operation. The + operation allows for the client to "push" the document data to + the Printer object by including the document data in the request + itself. + + - The Print-URI Request: A client that wants to submit a print job + with only a single document (where the Printer object "pulls" + the document data instead of the client "pushing" the data to + the Printer object) uses the Print-URI operation. In this + case, the client includes in the request only a URI reference to + the document data (not the document data itself). + + - The Create-Job Request: A client that wants to submit a print + job with multiple documents uses the Create-Job operation. This + operation is followed by an arbitrary number (one or more) of + Send-Document and/or Send-URI operations (each creating another + document for the newly create Job object). The Send-Document + operation includes the document data in the request (the client + "pushes" the document data to the printer), and the Send-URI + operation includes only a URI reference to the document data in + the request (the Printer "pulls" the document data from the + referenced location). The last Send-Document or Send-URI + request for a given Job object includes a "last-document" + operation attribute set to 'true' indicating that this is the + last request. + + Throughout this model document, the term "create request" is used to + refer to any of these three operation requests. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + A Create-Job operation followed by only one Send-Document operation + is semantically equivalent to a Print-Job operation, however, for + performance reasons, the client SHOULD use the Print-Job operation + for all single document jobs. Also, Print-Job is a REQUIRED + operation (all implementations MUST support it) whereas Create-Job is + an OPTIONAL operation, hence some implementations might not support + it. + + Job submission time is the point in time when a client issues a + create request. The initial state of every Job object is the + 'pending', 'pending-held', or 'processing' state (see section 4.3.7). + When the Printer object begins processing the print job, the Job + object's state moves to 'processing'. This is known as job + processing time. There are validation checks that must be done at + job submission time and others that must be performed at job + processing time. + + At job submission time and at the time a Validate-Job operation is + received, the Printer MUST do the following: + + 1. Process the client supplied attributes and either accept or + reject the request + 2. Validate the syntax of and support for the scheme of any client + supplied URI + + At job submission time the Printer object MUST validate whether or + not the supplied attributes, attribute syntaxes, and values are + supported by matching them with the Printer object's corresponding + "xxx-supported" attributes. See section 3.1.7 for details. [IPP- + IIG] presents suggested steps for an IPP object to either accept or + reject any request and additional steps for processing create + requests. + + At job submission time the Printer object NEED NOT perform the + validation checks reserved for job processing time such as: + + 1. Validating the document data + 2. Validating the actual contents of any client supplied URI + (resolve the reference and follow the link to the document + data) + + At job submission time, these additional job processing time + validation checks are essentially useless, since they require + actually parsing and interpreting the document data, are not + guaranteed to be 100% accurate, and MUST be done, yet again, at job + processing time. Also, in the case of a URI, checking for + availability at job submission time does not guarantee availability + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + at job processing time. In addition, at job processing time, the + Printer object might discover any of the following conditions that + were not detectable at job submission time: + + - runtime errors in the document data, + - nested document data that is in an unsupported format, + - the URI reference is no longer valid (i.e., the server hosting + the document might be down), or + - any other job processing error + + At job submission time, a Printer object, especially a non-spooling + Printer, MAY accept jobs that it does not have enough space for. In + such a situation, a Printer object MAY stop reading data from a + client for an indefinite period of time. A client MUST be prepared + for a write operation to block for an indefinite period of time (see + section 5.1 on client conformance). + + When a Printer object has too little space for starting a new job, it + MAY reject a new create request. In this case, a Printer object MUST + return a response (in reply to the rejected request) with a status- + code of 'server-error-busy' (see section 14.1.5.8) and it MAY close + the connection before receiving all bytes of the operation. A + Printer SHOULD indicate that it is temporarily unable to accept jobs + by setting the 'spool-space-full' value in its "printer-state- + reasons" attribute and removing the value when it can accept another + job (see section 4.4.12). + + When receiving a 'server-error-busy' status-code in an operation + response, a client MUST be prepared for the Printer object to close + the connection before the client has sent all of the data (especially + for the Print-Job operation). A client MUST be prepared to keep + submitting a create request until the IPP Printer object accepts the + create request. + + At job processing time, since the Printer object has already + responded with a successful status code in the response to the create + request, if the Printer object detects an error, the Printer object + is unable to inform the end user of the error with an operation + status code. In this case, the Printer, depending on the error, can + set the job object's "job-state", "job-state-reasons", or "job- + state-message" attributes to the appropriate value(s) so that later + queries can report the correct job status. + + Note: Asynchronous notification of events is outside the scope of + this IPP/1.1 document. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 40] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.2 Printer Operations + + All Printer operations are directed at Printer objects. A client + MUST always supply the "printer-uri" operation attribute in order to + identify the correct target of the operation. + +3.2.1 Print-Job Operation + + This REQUIRED operation allows a client to submit a print job with + only one document and supply the document data (rather than just a + reference to the data). See Section 15 for the suggested steps for + processing create operations and their Operation and Job Template + attributes. + +3.2.1.1 Print-Job Request + + The following groups of attributes are supplied as part of the + Print-Job Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. The Printer object + MUST copy these values to the corresponding Job Description + attributes described in sections 4.3.19 and 4.3.20. + + Target: + The "printer-uri" (uri) operation attribute which is the target + for this operation as described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + "job-name" (name(MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It contains the client + supplied Job name. If this attribute is supplied by the + client, its value is used for the "job-name" attribute of the + newly created Job object. The client MAY automatically include + any information that will help the end-user distinguish amongst + his/her jobs, such as the name of the application program along + with information from the document, such as the document name, + document subject, or source file name. If this attribute is + not supplied by the client, the Printer generates a name to use + in the "job-name" attribute of the newly created Job object + (see Section 4.3.5). + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 41] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "ipp-attribute-fidelity" (boolean): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. The value 'true' indicates + that total fidelity to client supplied Job Template attributes + and values is required, else the Printer object MUST reject the + Print-Job request. The value 'false' indicates that a + reasonable attempt to print the Job object is acceptable and + the Printer object MUST accept the Print-Job request. If not + supplied, the Printer object assumes the value is 'false'. All + Printer objects MUST support both types of job processing. See + section 15 for a full description of "ipp-attribute-fidelity" + and its relationship to other attributes, especially the + Printer object's "pdl-override-supported" attribute. + + "document-name" (name(MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It contains the client + supplied document name. The document name MAY be different + than the Job name. Typically, the client software + automatically supplies the document name on behalf of the end + user by using a file name or an application generated name. If + this attribute is supplied, its value can be used in a manner + defined by each implementation. Examples include: printed + along with the Job (job start sheet, page adornments, etc.), + used by accounting or resource tracking management tools, or + even stored along with the document as a document level + attribute. IPP/1.1 does not support the concept of document + level attributes. + + "compression" (type3 keyword): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute and the "compression- + supported" attribute (see section 4.4.32). The client supplied + "compression" operation attribute identifies the compression + algorithm used on the document data. The following cases exist: + + a) If the client omits this attribute, the Printer object MUST + assume that the data is not compressed (i.e. the Printer + follows the rules below as if the client supplied the + "compression" attribute with a value of 'none'). + b) If the client supplies this attribute, but the value is not + supported by the Printer object, i.e., the value is not one + of the values of the Printer object's "compression- + supported" attribute, the Printer object MUST reject the + request, and return the 'client-error-compression-not- + supported' status code. See section 3.1.7 for returning + unsupported attributes and values. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 42] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + c) If the client supplies the attribute and the Printer object + supports the attribute value, the Printer object uses the + corresponding decompression algorithm on the document data. + d) If the decompression algorithm fails before the Printer + returns an operation response, the Printer object MUST + reject the request and return the 'client-error- + compression-error' status code. + e) If the decompression algorithm fails after the Printer + returns an operation response, the Printer object MUST abort + the job and add the 'compression-error' value to the job's + "job-state-reasons" attribute. + f) If the decompression algorithm succeeds, the document data + MUST then have the format specified by the job's "document- + format" attribute, if supplied (see "document-format" + operation attribute definition below). + + "document-format" (mimeMediaType): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. The value of this + attribute identifies the format of the supplied document data. + The following cases exist: + + a) If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer + object assumes that the document data is in the format + defined by the Printer object's "document-format-default" + attribute. (i.e. the Printer follows the rules below as if + the client supplied the "document-format" attribute with a + value equal to the printer's default value). + b) If the client supplies this attribute, but the value is not + supported by the Printer object, i.e., the value is not one + of the values of the Printer object's "document-format- + supported" attribute, the Printer object MUST reject the + request and return the 'client-error-document-format-not- + supported' status code. + c) If the client supplies this attribute and its value is + 'application/octet-stream' (i.e. to be auto-sensed, see + Section 4.1.9.1), and the format is not one of the + document-formats that the Printer can auto-sense, and this + check occurs before the Printer returns an operation + response, then the Printer MUST reject the request and + return the 'client-error-document-format-not-supported' + status code. + d) If the client supplies this attribute, and the value is + supported by the Printer object, the Printer is capable of + interpreting the document data. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 43] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + e) If interpreting of the document data fails before the + Printer returns an operation response, the Printer object + MUST reject the request and return the 'client-error- + document-format-error' status code. + f) If interpreting of the document data fails after the Printer + returns an operation response, the Printer object MUST abort + the job and add the 'document-format-error' value to the + job's "job-state-reasons" attribute. + + "document-natural-language" (naturalLanguage): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute. This attribute + specifies the natural language of the document for those + document-formats that require a specification of the natural + language in order to image the document unambiguously. There + are no particular values required for the Printer object to + support. + + "job-k-octets" (integer(0:MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute and the "job-k- + octets-supported" attribute (see section 4.4.33). The client + supplied "job-k-octets" operation attribute identifies the + total size of the document(s) in K octets being submitted (see + section 4.3.17.1 for the complete semantics). If the client + supplies the attribute and the Printer object supports the + attribute, the value of the attribute is used to populate the + Job object's "job-k-octets" Job Description attribute. + + For this attribute and the following two attributes ("job- + impressions", and "job-media-sheets"), if the client supplies + the attribute, but the Printer object does not support the + attribute, the Printer object ignores the client-supplied + value. If the client supplies the attribute and the Printer + supports the attribute, and the value is within the range of + the corresponding Printer object's "xxx-supported" attribute, + the Printer object MUST use the value to populate the Job + object's "xxx" attribute. If the client supplies the attribute + and the Printer supports the attribute, but the value is + outside the range of the corresponding Printer object's "xxx- + supported" attribute, the Printer object MUST copy the + attribute and its value to the Unsupported Attributes response + group, reject the request, and return the 'client-error- + attributes-or-values-not-supported' status code. If the client + does not supply the attribute, the Printer object MAY choose to + populate the corresponding Job object attribute depending on + whether the Printer object supports the attribute and is able + to calculate or discern the correct value. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 44] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "job-impressions" (integer(0:MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute and the "job- + impressions-supported" attribute (see section 4.4.34). The + client supplied "job-impressions" operation attribute + identifies the total size in number of impressions of the + document(s) being submitted (see section 4.3.17.2 for the + complete semantics). + + See last paragraph under "job-k-octets". + + "job-media-sheets" (integer(0:MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute and the "job-media- + sheets-supported" attribute (see section 4.4.35). The client + supplied "job-media-sheets" operation attribute identifies the + total number of media sheets to be produced for this job (see + section 4.3.17.3 for the complete semantics). + + See last paragraph under "job-k-octets". + + Group 2: Job Template Attributes + + The client OPTIONALLY supplies a set of Job Template attributes as + defined in section 4.2. If the client is not supplying any Job + Template attributes in the request, the client SHOULD omit Group 2 + rather than sending an empty group. However, a Printer object + MUST be able to accept an empty group. + + Group 3: Document Content + + The client MUST supply the document data to be processed. + + In addition to the MANDATORY parameters required for every + operation request, the simplest Print-Job Request consists of just + the "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + operation attributes; the "printer-uri" target operation + attribute; the Document Content and nothing else. In this simple + case, the Printer object: + + - creates a new Job object (the Job object contains a single + document), + - stores a generated Job name in the "job-name" attribute in the + natural language and charset requested (see Section 3.1.4.1) (if + those are supported, otherwise using the Printer object's + default natural language and charset), and + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 45] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - at job processing time, uses its corresponding default value + attributes for the supported Job Template attributes that were + not supplied by the client as IPP attribute or embedded + instructions in the document data. + +3.2.1.2 Print-Job Response + + The Printer object MUST return to the client the following sets of + attributes as part of the Print-Job Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. If + the client supplies unsupported or conflicting Job Template + attributes or values, the Printer object MUST reject or accept + the Print-Job request depending on the whether the client + supplied a 'true' or 'false' value for the "ipp-attribute- + fidelity" operation attribute. See the Implementer's Guide + [IPP-IIG] for a complete description of the suggested steps for + processing a create request. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + The value of the "ipp-attribute-fidelity" supplied by the client + does not affect what attributes the Printer object returns in this + group. The value of "ipp-attribute-fidelity" only affects whether + the Print-Job operation is accepted or rejected. If the job is + accepted, the client may query the job using the Get-Job- + Attributes operation requesting the unsupported attributes that + were returned in the create response to see which attributes were + ignored (not stored on the Job object) and which attributes were + stored with other (substituted) values. + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 46] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Group 3: Job Object Attributes + + "job-uri" (uri): + The Printer object MUST return the Job object's URI by + returning the contents of the REQUIRED "job-uri" Job object + attribute. The client uses the Job object's URI when directing + operations at the Job object. The Printer object always uses + its configured security policy when creating the new URI. + However, if the Printer object supports more than one URI, the + Printer object also uses information about which URI was used + in the Print-Job Request to generated the new URI so that the + new URI references the correct access channel. In other words, + if the Print-Job Request comes in over a secure channel, the + Printer object MUST generate a Job URI that uses the secure + channel as well. + + "job-id" (integer(1:MAX)): + The Printer object MUST return the Job object's Job ID by + returning the REQUIRED "job-id" Job object attribute. The + client uses this "job-id" attribute in conjunction with the + "printer-uri" attribute used in the Print-Job Request when + directing Job operations at the Printer object. + + "job-state" (type1 enum): + The Printer object MUST return the Job object's REQUIRED "job- + state" attribute. The value of this attribute (along with the + value of the next attribute: "job-state-reasons") is taken + from a "snapshot" of the new Job object at some meaningful + point in time (implementation defined) between when the Printer + object receives the Print-Job Request and when the Printer + object returns the response. + + "job-state-reasons" (1setOf type2 keyword): + The Printer object MUST return the Job object's REQUIRED "job- + state-reasons" attribute. + + "job-state-message" (text(MAX)): + The Printer object OPTIONALLY returns the Job object's OPTIONAL + "job-state-message" attribute. If the Printer object supports + this attribute then it MUST be returned in the response. If + this attribute is not returned in the response, the client can + assume that the "job-state-message" attribute is not supported + and will not be returned in a subsequent Job object query. + + "number-of-intervening-jobs" (integer(0:MAX)): + The Printer object OPTIONALLY returns the Job object's OPTIONAL + "number-of-intervening-jobs" attribute. If the Printer object + supports this attribute then it MUST be returned in the + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 47] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + response. If this attribute is not returned in the response, + the client can assume that the "number-of-intervening-jobs" + attribute is not supported and will not be returned in a + subsequent Job object query. + + Note: Since any printer state information which affects a job's + state is reflected in the "job-state" and "job-state-reasons" + attributes, it is sufficient to return only these attributes + and no specific printer status attributes. + + Note: In addition to the MANDATORY parameters required for every + operation response, the simplest response consists of the just the + "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" operation + attributes and the "job-uri", "job-id", and "job-state" Job Object + Attributes. In this simplest case, the status code is 'successful- + ok' and there is no "status-message" or "detailed-status-message" + operation attribute. + +3.2.2 Print-URI Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation is identical to the Print-Job operation + (section 3.2.1) except that a client supplies a URI reference to the + document data using the "document-uri" (uri) operation attribute (in + Group 1) rather than including the document data itself. Before + returning the response, the Printer MUST validate that the Printer + supports the retrieval method (e.g., http, ftp, etc.) implied by the + URI, and MUST check for valid URI syntax. If the client-supplied URI + scheme is not supported, i.e. the value is not in the Printer + object's "referenced-uri-scheme-supported" attribute, the Printer + object MUST reject the request and return the 'client-error-uri- + scheme-not-supported' status code. + + The IPP Printer MAY validate the accessibility of the document as + part of the operation or subsequently. If the Printer determines an + accessibility problem before returning an operation response, it + rejects the request and returns the 'client-error-document-access- + error' status code. The Printer MAY also return a specific document + access error code using the "document-access-error" operation + attribute (see section 3.1.6.4). + + If the Printer determines this document accessibility problem after + accepting the request and returning an operation response with one of + the successful status codes, the Printer adds the 'document-access- + error' value to the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute and MAY + populate the job's "job-document-access-errors" Job Description + attribute (see section 4.3.11). See The Implementer's Guide [IPP- + IIG] for suggested additional checks. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 48] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If the Printer object supports this operation, it MUST support the + "reference-uri-schemes-supported" Printer attribute (see section + 4.4.27). + + It is up to the IPP object to interpret the URI and subsequently + "pull" the document from the source referenced by the URI string. + +3.2.3 Validate-Job Operation + + This REQUIRED operation is similar to the Print-Job operation + (section 3.2.1) except that a client supplies no document data and + the Printer allocates no resources (i.e., it does not create a new + Job object). This operation is used only to verify capabilities of a + printer object against whatever attributes are supplied by the client + in the Validate-Job request. By using the Validate-Job operation a + client can validate that an identical Print-Job operation (with the + document data) would be accepted. The Validate-Job operation also + performs the same security negotiation as the Print-Job operation + (see section 8), so that a client can check that the client and + Printer object security requirements can be met before performing a + Print-Job operation. + + The Validate-Job operation does not accept a "document-uri" attribute + in order to allow a client to check that the same Print-URI operation + will be accepted, since the client doesn't send the data with the + Print-URI operation. The client SHOULD just issue the Print-URI + request. + + The Printer object returns the same status codes, Operation + Attributes (Group 1) and Unsupported Attributes (Group 2) as the + Print-Job operation. However, no Job Object Attributes (Group 3) are + returned, since no Job object is created. + +3.2.4 Create-Job Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation is similar to the Print-Job operation + (section 3.2.1) except that in the Create-Job request, a client does + not supply document data or any reference to document data. Also, + the client does not supply any of the "document-name", "document- + format", "compression", or "document-natural-language" operation + attributes. This operation is followed by one or more Send-Document + or Send-URI operations. In each of those operation requests, the + client OPTIONALLY supplies the "document-name", "document-format", + and "document-natural-language" attributes for each document in the + multi-document Job object. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 49] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If a Printer object supports the Create-Job operation, it MUST also + support the Send-Document operation and also MAY support the Send-URI + operation. + + If the Printer object supports this operation, it MUST support the + "multiple-operation-time-out" Printer attribute (see section 4.4.31). + + If the Printer object supports this operation, then it MUST support + the "multiple-document-jobs-supported" Printer Description attribute + (see section 4.4.16) and indicate whether or not it supports + multiple-document jobs. + + If the Printer object supports this operation and supports multiple + documents in a job, then it MUST support the "multiple-document- + handling" Job Template job attribute with at least one value (see + section 4.2.4) and the associated "multiple-document-handling- + default" and "multiple-document-handling-supported" Job Template + Printer attributes (see section 4.2). + + After the Create-Job operation has completed, the value of the "job- + state" attribute is similar to the "job-state" after a Print-Job, + even though no document-data has arrived. A Printer MAY set the + 'job-data-insufficient' value of the job's "job-state-reason" + attribute to indicate that processing cannot begin until sufficient + data has arrived and set the "job-state" to either 'pending' or + 'pending-held'. A non-spooling printer that doesn't implement the + 'pending' job state may even set the "job-state" to 'processing', + even though there is not yet any data to process. See sections 4.3.7 + and 4.3.8. + +3.2.5 Get-Printer-Attributes Operation + + This REQUIRED operation allows a client to request the values of the + attributes of a Printer object. In the request, the client supplies + the set of Printer attribute names and/or attribute group names in + which the requester is interested. In the response, the Printer + object returns a corresponding attribute set with the appropriate + attribute values filled in. + + For Printer objects, the possible names of attribute groups are: + + - 'job-template': the subset of the Job Template attributes that + apply to a Printer object (the last two columns of the table in + Section 4.2) that the implementation supports for Printer + objects. + - 'printer-description': the subset of the attributes specified in + Section 4.4 that the implementation supports for Printer + objects. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 50] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - 'all': the special group 'all' that includes all attributes that + the implementation supports for Printer objects. + + Since a client MAY request specific attributes or named groups, there + is a potential that there is some overlap. For example, if a client + requests, 'printer-name' and 'all', the client is actually requesting + the "printer-name" attribute twice: once by naming it explicitly, and + once by inclusion in the 'all' group. In such cases, the Printer + object NEED NOT return each attribute only once in the response even + if it is requested multiple times. The client SHOULD NOT request the + same attribute in multiple ways. + + It is NOT REQUIRED that a Printer object support all attributes + belonging to a group (since some attributes are OPTIONAL). However, + it is REQUIRED that each Printer object support all group names. + +3.2.5.1 Get-Printer-Attributes Request + + The following sets of attributes are part of the Get-Printer- + Attributes Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + Target: + The "printer-uri" (uri) operation attribute which is the target + for this operation as described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + "requested-attributes" (1setOf keyword): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies a set of attribute names and/or + attribute group names in whose values the requester is + interested. The Printer object MUST support this attribute. + If the client omits this attribute, the Printer MUST respond as + if this attribute had been supplied with a value of 'all'. + + "document-format" (mimeMediaType): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. This attribute is useful + for a Printer object to determine the set of supported + attribute values that relate to the requested document format. + The Printer object MUST return the attributes and values that + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 51] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + it uses to validate a job on a create or Validate-Job operation + in which this document format is supplied. The Printer object + SHOULD return only (1) those attributes that are supported for + the specified format and (2) the attribute values that are + supported for the specified document format. By specifying the + document format, the client can get the Printer object to + eliminate the attributes and values that are not supported for + a specific document format. For example, a Printer object + might have multiple interpreters to support both + 'application/postscript' (for PostScript) and 'text/plain' (for + text) documents. However, for only one of those interpreters + might the Printer object be able to support "number-up" with + values of '1', '2', and '4'. For the other interpreter it + might be able to only support "number-up" with a value of '1'. + Thus a client can use the Get-Printer-Attributes operation to + obtain the attributes and values that will be used to + accept/reject a create job operation. + + If the Printer object does not distinguish between different + sets of supported values for each different document format + when validating jobs in the create and Validate-Job operations, + it MUST NOT distinguish between different document formats in + the Get-Printer-Attributes operation. If the Printer object + does distinguish between different sets of supported values for + each different document format specified by the client, this + specialization applies only to the following Printer object + attributes: + + - Printer attributes that are Job Template attributes ("xxx- + default" "xxx-supported", and "xxx-ready" in the Table in + Section 4.2), + - "pdl-override-supported", + - "compression-supported", + - "job-k-octets-supported", + - "job-impressions-supported", + - "job-media-sheets-supported", + - "printer-driver-installer", + - "color-supported", and + - "reference-uri-schemes-supported" + + The values of all other Printer object attributes (including + "document-format-supported") remain invariant with respect to the + client supplied document format (except for new Printer + description attribute as registered according to section 6.2). + + If the client omits this "document-format" operation attribute, + the Printer object MUST respond as if the attribute had been + supplied with the value of the Printer object's "document-format- + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 52] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + default" attribute. It is RECOMMENDED that the client always + supply a value for "document-format", since the Printer object's + "document-format-default" may be 'application/octet-stream', in + which case the returned attributes and values are for the union of + the document formats that the Printer can automatically sense. + For more details, see the description of the 'mimeMediaType' + attribute syntax in section 4.1.9. + + If the client supplies a value for the "document-format" Operation + attribute that is not supported by the Printer, i.e., is not among + the values of the Printer object's "document-format-supported" + attribute, the Printer object MUST reject the operation and return + the 'client-error-document-format-not-supported' status code. + +3.2.5.2 Get-Printer-Attributes Response + + The Printer object returns the following sets of attributes as part + of the Get-Printer-Attributes Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + The response NEED NOT contain the "requested-attributes" operation + attribute with any supplied values (attribute keywords) that were + requested by the client but are not supported by the IPP object. + If the Printer object does return unsupported attributes + referenced in the "requested-attributes" operation attribute and + that attribute included group names, such as 'all', the + unsupported attributes MUST NOT include attributes described in + the standard but not supported by the implementation. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 53] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Group 3: Printer Object Attributes + + This is the set of requested attributes and their current values. + The Printer object ignores (does not respond with) any requested + attribute which is not supported. The Printer object MAY respond + with a subset of the supported attributes and values, depending on + the security policy in force. However, the Printer object MUST + respond with the 'unknown' value for any supported attribute + (including all REQUIRED attributes) for which the Printer object + does not know the value. Also the Printer object MUST respond + with the 'no-value' for any supported attribute (including all + REQUIRED attributes) for which the system administrator has not + configured a value. See the description of the "out-of-band" + values in the beginning of Section 4.1. + +3.2.6 Get-Jobs Operation + + This REQUIRED operation allows a client to retrieve the list of Job + objects belonging to the target Printer object. The client may also + supply a list of Job attribute names and/or attribute group names. A + group of Job object attributes will be returned for each Job object + that is returned. + + This operation is similar to the Get-Job-Attributes operation, except + that this Get-Jobs operation returns attributes from possibly more + than one object. + +3.2.6.1 Get-Jobs Request + + The client submits the Get-Jobs request to a Printer object. + + The following groups of attributes are part of the Get-Jobs Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + Target: + The "printer-uri" (uri) operation attribute which is the target + for this operation as described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 54] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "limit" (integer(1:MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It is an integer value that + determines the maximum number of jobs that a client will + receive from the Printer even if "which-jobs" or "my-jobs" + constrain which jobs are returned. The limit is a "stateless + limit" in that if the value supplied by the client is 'N', then + only the first 'N' jobs are returned in the Get-Jobs Response. + There is no mechanism to allow for the next 'M' jobs after the + first 'N' jobs. If the client does not supply this attribute, + the Printer object responds with all applicable jobs. + + "requested-attributes" (1setOf type2 keyword): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It is a set of Job + attribute names and/or attribute groups names in whose values + the requester is interested. This set of attributes is + returned for each Job object that is returned. The allowed + attribute group names are the same as those defined in the + Get-Job-Attributes operation in section 3.3.4. If the client + does not supply this attribute, the Printer MUST respond as if + the client had supplied this attribute with two values: 'job- + uri' and 'job-id'. + + "which-jobs" (type2 keyword): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It indicates which Job + objects MUST be returned by the Printer object. The values for + this attribute are: + + 'completed': This includes any Job object whose state is + 'completed', 'canceled', or 'aborted'. + 'not-completed': This includes any Job object whose state is + 'pending', 'processing', 'processing-stopped', or 'pending- + held'. + + A Printer object MUST support both values. However, if the + implementation does not keep jobs in the 'completed', + 'canceled', and 'aborted' states, then it returns no jobs when + the 'completed' value is supplied. + + If a client supplies some other value, the Printer object MUST + copy the attribute and the unsupported value to the Unsupported + Attributes response group, reject the request, and return the + 'client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported' status code. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 55] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If the client does not supply this attribute, the Printer + object MUST respond as if the client had supplied the attribute + with a value of 'not-completed'. + + "my-jobs" (boolean): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It indicates whether jobs + from all users or just the jobs submitted by the requesting + user of this request MUST be considered as candidate jobs to be + returned by the Printer object. If the client does not supply + this attribute, the Printer object MUST respond as if the + client had supplied the attribute with a value of 'false', + i.e., jobs from all users. The means for authenticating the + requesting user and matching the jobs is described in section + 8. + +3.2.6.2 Get-Jobs Response + + The Printer object returns all of the Job objects up to the number + specified by the "limit" attribute that match the criteria as defined + by the attribute values supplied by the client in the request. It is + possible that no Job objects are returned since there may literally + be no Job objects at the Printer, or there may be no Job objects that + match the criteria supplied by the client. If the client requests + any Job attributes at all, there is a set of Job Object Attributes + returned for each Job object. + + It is not an error for the Printer to return 0 jobs. If the response + returns 0 jobs because there are no jobs matching the criteria, and + the request would have returned 1 or more jobs with a status code of + 'successful-ok' if there had been jobs matching the criteria, then + the status code for 0 jobs MUST be 'successful-ok'. + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 56] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + The response NEED NOT contain the "requested-attributes" operation + attribute with any supplied values (attribute keywords) that were + requested by the client but are not supported by the IPP object. + If the Printer object does return unsupported attributes + referenced in the "requested-attributes" operation attribute and + that attribute included group names, such as 'all', the + unsupported attributes MUST NOT include attributes described in + the standard but not supported by the implementation. + + Groups 3 to N: Job Object Attributes + + The Printer object responds with one set of Job Object Attributes + for each returned Job object. The Printer object ignores (does + not respond with) any requested attribute or value which is not + supported or which is restricted by the security policy in force, + including whether the requesting user is the user that submitted + the job (job originating user) or not (see section 8). However, + the Printer object MUST respond with the 'unknown' value for any + supported attribute (including all REQUIRED attributes) for which + the Printer object does not know the value, unless it would + violate the security policy. See the description of the "out-of- + band" values in the beginning of Section 4.1. + + Jobs are returned in the following order: + + - If the client requests all 'completed' Jobs (Jobs in the + 'completed', 'aborted', or 'canceled' states), then the Jobs are + returned newest to oldest (with respect to actual completion + time) + - If the client requests all 'not-completed' Jobs (Jobs in the + 'pending', 'processing', 'pending-held', and 'processing- + stopped' states), then Jobs are returned in relative + chronological order of expected time to complete (based on + whatever scheduling algorithm is configured for the Printer + object). + +3.2.7 Pause-Printer Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to stop the Printer object + from scheduling jobs on all its devices. Depending on + implementation, the Pause-Printer operation MAY also stop the Printer + from processing the current job or jobs. Any job that is currently + being printed is either stopped as soon as the implementation permits + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 57] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + or is completed, depending on implementation. The Printer object + MUST still accept create operations to create new jobs, but MUST + prevent any jobs from entering the 'processing' state. + + If the Pause-Printer operation is supported, then the Resume-Printer + operation MUST be supported, and vice-versa. + + The IPP Printer stops the current job(s) on its device(s) that were + in the 'processing' or 'processing-stopped' states as soon as the + implementation permits. If the implementation will take appreciable + time to stop, the IPP Printer adds the 'moving-to-paused' value to + the Printer object's "printer-state-reasons" attribute (see section + 4.4.12). When the device(s) have all stopped, the IPP Printer + transitions the Printer object to the 'stopped' state, removes the + 'moving-to-paused' value, if present, and adds the 'paused' value to + the Printer object's "printer-state-reasons" attribute. + + When the current job(s) complete that were in the 'processing' state, + the IPP Printer transitions them to the 'completed' state. When the + current job(s) stop in mid processing that were in the 'processing' + state, the IPP Printer transitions them to the 'processing-stopped' + state and adds the 'printer-stopped' value to the job's "job-state- + reasons" attribute. + + For any jobs that are 'pending' or 'pending-held', the 'printer- + stopped' value of the jobs' "job-state-reasons" attribute also + applies. However, the IPP Printer NEED NOT update those jobs' "job- + state-reasons" attributes and only need return the 'printer-stopped' + value when those jobs are queried (so-called "lazy evaluation"). + + Whether the Pause-Printer operation affects jobs that were submitted + to the device from other sources than the IPP Printer object in the + same way that the Pause-Printer operation affects jobs that were + submitted to the IPP Printer object using IPP, depends on + implementation, i.e., on whether the IPP protocol is being used as a + universal management protocol or just to manage IPP jobs, + respectively. + + The IPP Printer MUST accept the request in any state and transition + the Printer to the indicated new "printer-state" before returning as + follows: + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 58] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Current New "printer IPP Printer's response status + "printer- "printer- -state- code and action: + state" state" reasons" + + 'idle' 'stopped' 'paused' 'successful-ok' + 'processing' 'processing' 'moving- OPTION 1: 'successful-ok'; + to- Later, when all output has + paused' stopped, the "printer-state" + becomes 'stopped', and the + 'paused' value replaces the + 'moving-to-paused' value in the + "printer-state-reasons" + attribute + 'processing' 'stopped' 'paused' OPTION 2: 'successful-ok'; + all device output stopped + immediately + 'stopped' 'stopped' 'paused' 'successful-ok' + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must be an operator or administrator of the Printer + object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). Otherwise, the IPP Printer MUST + reject the operation and return: 'client-error-forbidden', 'client- + error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' as + appropriate. + +3.2.7.1 Pause-Printer Request + + The following groups of attributes are part of the Pause-Printer + Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + Target: + The "printer-uri" (uri) operation attribute which is the target + for this operation as described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 59] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.2.7.2 Pause-Printer Response + + The following groups of attributes are part of the Pause-Printer + Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + +3.2.8 Resume-Printer Operation + + This operation allows a client to resume the Printer object + scheduling jobs on all its devices. The Printer object MUST remove + the 'paused' and 'moving-to-paused' values from the Printer object's + "printer-state-reasons" attribute, if present. If there are no other + reasons to keep a device paused (such as media-jam), the IPP Printer + is free to transition itself to the 'processing' or 'idle' states, + depending on whether there are jobs to be processed or not, + respectively, and the device(s) resume processing jobs. + + If the Pause-Printer operation is supported, then the Resume-Printer + operation MUST be supported, and vice-versa. + + The IPP Printer removes the 'printer-stopped' value from any job's + "job-state-reasons" attributes contained in that Printer. + + The IPP Printer MUST accept the request in any state, transition the + Printer object to the indicated new state as follows: + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 60] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Current New "printer- IPP Printer's response status code and + "printer- state" action: + state" + + 'idle' 'idle' 'successful-ok' + 'processing' 'processing' 'successful-ok' + + 'stopped' 'processing' 'successful-ok'; + when there are jobs to be processed + 'stopped' 'idle' 'successful-ok'; + when there are no jobs to be processed. + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must be an operator or administrator of the Printer + object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). Otherwise, the IPP Printer MUST + reject the operation and return: 'client-error-forbidden', 'client- + error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' as + appropriate. + + The Resume-Printer Request and Resume-Printer Response have the same + attribute groups and attributes as the Pause-Printer operation (see + sections 3.2.7.1 and 3.2.7.2). + +3.2.9 Purge-Jobs Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to remove all jobs from an + IPP Printer object, regardless of their job states, including jobs in + the Printer object's Job History (see Section 4.3.7.2). After a + Purge-Jobs operation has been performed, a Printer object MUST return + no jobs in subsequent Get-Job-Attributes and Get-Jobs responses + (until new jobs are submitted). + + Whether the Purge-Jobs (and Get-Jobs) operation affects jobs that + were submitted to the device from other sources than the IPP Printer + object in the same way that the Purge-Jobs operation affects jobs + that were submitted to the IPP Printer object using IPP, depends on + implementation, i.e., on whether the IPP protocol is being used as a + universal management protocol or just to manage IPP jobs, + respectively. + + Note: if an operator wants to cancel all jobs without clearing out + the Job History, the operator uses the Cancel-Job operation on each + job instead of using the Purge-Jobs operation. + + The Printer object MUST accept this operation in any state and + transition the Printer object to the 'idle' state. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 61] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must be an operator or administrator of the Printer + object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). Otherwise, the IPP object MUST + reject the operation and return: client-error-forbidden, client- + error-not-authenticated, and client-error-not-authorized as + appropriate. + + The Purge-Jobs Request and Purge-Jobs Response have the same + attribute groups and attributes as the Pause-Printer operation (see + sections 3.2.7.1 and 3.2.7.2). + +3.3 Job Operations + + All Job operations are directed at Job objects. A client MUST always + supply some means of identifying the Job object in order to identify + the correct target of the operation. That job identification MAY + either be a single Job URI or a combination of a Printer URI with a + Job ID. The IPP object implementation MUST support both forms of + identification for every job. + +3.3.1 Send-Document Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to create a multi-document + Job object that is initially "empty" (contains no documents). In the + Create-Job response, the Printer object returns the Job object's URI + (the "job-uri" attribute) and the Job object's 32-bit identifier (the + "job-id" attribute). For each new document that the client desires + to add, the client uses a Send-Document operation. Each Send- + Document Request contains the entire stream of document data for one + document. + + If the Printer supports this operation but does not support multiple + documents per job, the Printer MUST reject subsequent Send-Document + operations supplied with data and return the 'server-error-multiple- + document-jobs-not-supported'. However, the Printer MUST accept the + first document with a 'true' or 'false' value for the "last-document" + operation attribute (see below), so that clients MAY always submit + one document jobs with a 'false' value for "last-document" in the + first Send-Document and a 'true' for "last-document" in the second + Send-Document (with no data). + + Since the Create-Job and the send operations (Send-Document or Send- + URI operations) that follow could occur over an arbitrarily long + period of time for a particular job, a client MUST send another send + operation within an IPP Printer defined minimum time interval after + the receipt of the previous request for the job. If a Printer object + supports the Create-Job and Send-Document operations, the Printer + object MUST support the "multiple-operation-time-out" attribute (see + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 62] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + section 4.4.31). This attribute indicates the minimum number of + seconds the Printer object will wait for the next send operation + before taking some recovery action. + + An IPP object MUST recover from an errant client that does not supply + a send operation, sometime after the minimum time interval specified + by the Printer object's "multiple-operation-time-out" attribute. + Such recovery MAY include any of the following or other recovery + actions: + + 1. Assume that the Job is an invalid job, start the process of + changing the job state to 'aborted', add the 'aborted-by- + system' value to the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute (see + section 4.3.8), and clean up all resources associated with the + Job. In this case, if another send operation is finally + received, the Printer responds with an "client-error-not- + possible" or "client-error-not-found" depending on whether or + not the Job object is still around when the send operation + finally arrives. + 2. Assume that the last send operation received was in fact the + last document (as if the "last-document" flag had been set to + 'true'), close the Job object, and proceed to process it (i.e., + move the Job's state to 'pending'). + 3. Assume that the last send operation received was in fact the + last document, close the Job, but move it to the 'pending-held' + and add the 'submission-interrupted' value to the job's "job- + state-reasons" attribute (see section 4.3.8). This action + allows the user or an operator to determine whether to continue + processing the Job by moving it back to the 'pending' state + using the Release-Job operation (see section 3.3.6) or to + cancel the job using the Cancel-Job operation (see section + 3.3.3). + + Each implementation is free to decide the "best" action to take + depending on local policy, whether any documents have been added, + whether the implementation spools jobs or not, and/or any other + piece of information available to it. If the choice is to abort the + Job object, it is possible that the Job object may already have been + processed to the point that some media sheet pages have been printed. + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must either be the job owner (as determined in the + Create-Job operation) or an operator or administrator of the Printer + object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). Otherwise, the IPP object MUST + reject the operation and return: 'client-error-forbidden', 'client- + error-not-authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' as + appropriate. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 63] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.3.1.1 Send-Document Request + + The following attribute sets are part of the Send-Document Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + Target: + Either (1) the "printer-uri" (uri) plus "job-id" + (integer(1:MAX))or (2) the "job-uri" (uri) operation + attribute(s) which define the target for this operation as + described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + "document-name" (name(MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object MUST support this attribute. It contains the client + supplied document name. The document name MAY be different than + the Job name. It might be helpful, but NEED NOT be unique + across multiple documents in the same Job. Typically, the + client software automatically supplies the document name on + behalf of the end user by using a file name or an application + generated name. See the description of the "document-name" + operation attribute in the Print-Job Request (section 3.2.1.1) + for more information about this attribute. + + "compression" (type3 keyword): + See the description of "compression" for the Print-Job operation + in Section 3.2.1.1. + + "document-format" (mimeMediaType): + See the description of "document-format" for the Print-Job + operation in Section 3.2.1.1. + + "document-natural-language" (naturalLanguage): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute. This attribute + specifies the natural language of the document for those + document-formats that require a specification of the natural + language in order to image the document unambiguously. There + are no particular values required for the Printer object to + support. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 64] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "last-document" (boolean): + The client MUST supply this attribute. The Printer object MUST + support this attribute. It is a boolean flag that is set to + 'true' if this is the last document for the Job, 'false' + otherwise. + + Group 2: Document Content + + The client MUST supply the document data if the "last-document" + flag is set to 'false'. However, since a client might not know + that the previous document sent with a Send-Document (or Send-URI) + operation was the last document (i.e., the "last-document" + attribute was set to 'false'), it is legal to send a Send-Document + request with no document data where the "last-document" flag is + set to 'true'. Such a request MUST NOT increment the value of the + Job object's "number-of-documents" attribute, since no real + document was added to the job. It is not an error for a client to + submit a job with no actual document data, i.e., only a single + Create-Job and Send-Document request with a "last-document" + operation attribute set to 'true' with no document data. + +3.3.1.2 Send-Document Response + + The following sets of attributes are part of the Send-Document + Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + Group 3: Job Object Attributes + + This is the same set of attributes as described in the Print-Job + response (see section 3.2.1.2). + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 65] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.3.2 Send-URI Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation is identical to the Send-Document operation + (see section 3.3.1) except that a client MUST supply a URI reference + ("document-uri" operation attribute) rather than the document data + itself. If a Printer object supports this operation, clients can use + both Send-URI or Send-Document operations to add new documents to an + existing multi-document Job object. However, if a client needs to + indicate that the previous Send-URI or Send-Document was the last + document, the client MUST use the Send-Document operation with no + document data and the "last-document" flag set to 'true' (rather than + using a Send-URI operation with no "document-uri" operation + attribute). + + If a Printer object supports this operation, it MUST also support the + Print-URI operation (see section 3.2.2). + + The Printer object MUST validate the syntax and URI scheme of the + supplied URI before returning a response, just as in the Print-URI + operation. The IPP Printer MAY validate the accessibility of the + document as part of the operation or subsequently (see section + 3.2.2). + +3.3.3 Cancel-Job Operation + + This REQUIRED operation allows a client to cancel a Print Job from + the time the job is created up to the time it is completed, canceled, + or aborted. Since a Job might already be printing by the time a + Cancel-Job is received, some media sheet pages might be printed + before the job is actually terminated. + + The IPP object MUST accept or reject the request based on the job's + current state and transition the job to the indicated new state as + follows: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 66] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Current "job- New "job- IPP object's response status + state" state" code and action: + + 'pending' 'canceled' 'successful-ok' + 'pending-held' 'canceled' 'successful-ok' + 'processing' 'canceled' 'successful-ok' + 'processing' 'processing' 'successful-ok' See Rule 1 + 'processing' 'processing' 'client-error-not-possible' + See Rule 2 + 'processing- 'canceled' 'successful-ok' + stopped' + 'processing- 'processing- 'successful-ok' See Rule 1 + stopped' stopped' + 'processing- 'processing- 'client-error-not-possible' + stopped' stopped' See Rule 2 + 'completed' 'completed' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'canceled' 'canceled' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'aborted' 'aborted' 'client-error-not-possible' + + Rule 1: If the implementation requires some measurable time to + cancel the job in the 'processing' or 'processing-stopped' job + states, the IPP object MUST add the 'processing-to-stop-point' value + to the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute and then transition the + job to the 'canceled' state when the processing ceases (see section + 4.3.8). + + Rule 2: If the Job object already has the 'processing-to-stop-point' + value in its "job-state-reasons" attribute, then the Printer object + MUST reject a Cancel-Job operation. + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must either be the job owner or an operator or + administrator of the Printer object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). + Otherwise, the IPP object MUST reject the operation and return: + 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or + 'client-error-not-authorized' as appropriate. + +3.3.3.1 Cancel-Job Request + + The following groups of attributes are part of the Cancel-Job + Request: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 67] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Target: + Either (1) the "printer-uri" (uri) plus "job-id" + (integer(1:MAX))or (2) the "job-uri" (uri) operation + attribute(s) which define the target for this operation as + described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + "message" (text(127)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The Printer + object OPTIONALLY supports this attribute. It is a message to + the operator. This "message" attribute is not the same as the + "job-message-from-operator" attribute. That attribute is used + to report a message from the operator to the end user that + queries that attribute. This "message" operation attribute is + used to send a message from the client to the operator along + with the operation request. It is an implementation decision + of how or where to display this message to the operator (if at + all). + +3.3.3.2 Cancel-Job Response + + The following sets of attributes are part of the Cancel-Job Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + Once a successful response has been sent, the implementation + guarantees that the Job will eventually end up in the 'canceled' + state. Between the time of the Cancel-Job operation is accepted and + when the job enters the 'canceled' job-state (see section 4.3.7), the + "job-state-reasons" attribute SHOULD contain the 'processing-to- + stop-point' + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 68] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + value which indicates to later queries that although the Job might + still be 'processing', it will eventually end up in the + 'canceled' state, not the 'completed' state. + +3.3.4 Get-Job-Attributes Operation + + This REQUIRED operation allows a client to request the values of + attributes of a Job object and it is almost identical to the Get- + Printer-Attributes operation (see section 3.2.5). The only + differences are that the operation is directed at a Job object rather + than a Printer object, there is no "document-format" operation + attribute used when querying a Job object, and the returned attribute + group is a set of Job object attributes rather than a set of Printer + object attributes. + + For Jobs, the possible names of attribute groups are: + + - 'job-template': the subset of the Job Template attributes that + apply to a Job object (the first column of the table in Section + 4.2) that the implementation supports for Job objects. + - 'job-description': the subset of the Job Description attributes + specified in Section 4.3 that the implementation supports for + Job objects. + - 'all': the special group 'all' that includes all attributes that + the implementation supports for Job objects. + + Since a client MAY request specific attributes or named groups, there + is a potential that there is some overlap. For example, if a client + requests, 'job-name' and 'job-description', the client is actually + requesting the "job-name" attribute once by naming it explicitly, and + once by inclusion in the 'job-description' group. In such cases, the + Printer object NEED NOT return the attribute only once in the + response even if it is requested multiple times. The client SHOULD + NOT request the same attribute in multiple ways. + + It is NOT REQUIRED that a Job object support all attributes belonging + to a group (since some attributes are OPTIONAL). However it is + REQUIRED that each Job object support all these group names. + +3.3.4.1 Get-Job-Attributes Request + + The following groups of attributes are part of the Get-Job-Attributes + Request when the request is directed at a Job object: + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 69] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.1. + + Target: + Either (1) the "printer-uri" (uri) plus "job-id" + (integer(1:MAX)) or (2) the "job-uri" (uri) operation + attribute(s) which define the target for this operation as + described in section 3.1.5. + + Requesting User Name: + The "requesting-user-name" (name(MAX)) attribute SHOULD be + supplied by the client as described in section 8.3. + + "requested-attributes" (1setOf keyword): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The IPP object + MUST support this attribute. It is a set of attribute names + and/or attribute group names in whose values the requester is + interested. If the client omits this attribute, the IPP object + MUST respond as if this attribute had been supplied with a value + of 'all'. + +3.3.4.2 Get-Job-Attributes Response + + The Printer object returns the following sets of attributes as part + of the Get-Job-Attributes Response: + + Group 1: Operation Attributes + + Status Message: + In addition to the REQUIRED status code returned in every + response, the response OPTIONALLY includes a "status-message" + (text(255)) and/or a "detailed-status-message" (text(MAX)) + operation attribute as described in sections 13 and 3.1.6. + + Natural Language and Character Set: + The "attributes-charset" and "attributes-natural-language" + attributes as described in section 3.1.4.2. The "attributes- + natural-language" MAY be the natural language of the Job + object, rather than the one requested. + + Group 2: Unsupported Attributes + + See section 3.1.7 for details on returning Unsupported Attributes. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 70] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The response NEED NOT contain the "requested-attributes" operation + attribute with any supplied values (attribute keywords) that were + requested by the client but are not supported by the IPP object. + If the Printer object does return unsupported attributes + referenced in the "requested-attributes" operation attribute and + that attribute included group names, such as 'all', the + unsupported attributes MUST NOT include attributes described in + the standard but not supported by the implementation. + + Group 3: Job Object Attributes + + This is the set of requested attributes and their current values. + The IPP object ignores (does not respond with) any requested + attribute or value which is not supported or which is restricted + by the security policy in force, including whether the requesting + user is the user that submitted the job (job originating user) or + not (see section 8). However, the IPP object MUST respond with + the 'unknown' value for any supported attribute (including all + REQUIRED attributes) for which the IPP object does not know the + value, unless it would violate the security policy. See the + description of the "out-of-band" values in the beginning of + Section 4.1. + +3.3.5 Hold-Job Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to hold a pending job in the + queue so that it is not eligible for scheduling. If the Hold-Job + operation is supported, then the Release-Job operation MUST be + supported, and vice-versa. The OPTIONAL "job-hold-until" operation + attribute allows a client to specify whether to hold the job + indefinitely or until a specified time period, if supported. + + The IPP object MUST accept or reject the request based on the job's + current state and transition the job to the indicated new state as + follows: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 71] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Current "job- New "job-state" IPP object's response status + state" code and action: + + 'pending' 'pending-held' 'successful-ok' See Rule 1 + 'pending' 'pending' 'successful-ok' See Rule 2 + 'pending-held' 'pending-held' 'successful-ok' See Rule 1 + 'pending-held' 'pending' 'successful-ok' See Rule 2 + 'processing' 'processing' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'processing- 'processing- 'client-error-not-possible' + stopped' stopped' + 'completed' 'completed' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'canceled' 'canceled' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'aborted' 'aborted' 'client-error-not-possible' + + Rule 1: If the implementation supports multiple reasons for a job to + be in the 'pending-held' state, the IPP object MUST add the 'job- + hold-until-specified' value to the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute. + + Rule 2: If the IPP object supports the "job-hold-until" operation + attribute, but the specified time period has already started (or is + the 'no-hold' value) and there are no other reasons to hold the job, + the IPP object MUST make the job be a candidate for processing + immediately (see Section 4.2.2) by putting the job in the 'pending' + state. + + Note: In order to keep the Hold-Job operation simple, such a request + is rejected when the job is in the 'processing' or 'processing- + stopped' states. If an operation is needed to hold jobs while in + these states, it will be added as an additional operation, rather + than overloading the Hold-Job operation. Then it is clear to clients + by querying the Printer object's "operations-supported" (see Section + 4.4.15) and the Job object's "job-state" (see Section 4.3.7) + attributes which operations are possible. + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must either be the job owner or an operator or + administrator of the Printer object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). + Otherwise, the IPP object MUST reject the operation and return: + 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or + 'client-error-not-authorized' as appropriate. + +3.3.5.1 Hold-Job Request + + The groups and operation attributes are the same as for a Cancel-Job + request (see section 3.3.3.1), with the addition of the following + Group 1 Operation attribute: + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 72] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "job-hold-until" (type3 keyword | name(MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this Operation attribute. The + IPP object MUST support this operation attribute in a Hold-Job + request, if it supports the "job-hold-until" Job template + attribute in create operations. See section 4.2.2. The IPP + object SHOULD support the "job-hold-until" Job Template + attribute for use in job create operations with at least the + 'indefinite' value, if it supports the Hold-Job operation. + Otherwise, a client cannot create a job and hold it immediately + (without picking some supported time period in the future). + + If supplied and supported as specified in the Printer's "job- + hold-until-supported" attribute, the IPP object copies the + supplied operation attribute to the Job object, replacing the + job's previous "job-hold-until" attribute, if present, and + makes the job a candidate for scheduling during the supplied + named time period. + + If supplied, but either the "job-hold-until" Operation + attribute itself or the value supplied is not supported, the + IPP object accepts the request, returns the unsupported + attribute or value in the Unsupported Attributes Group + according to section 3.1.7, returns the 'successful-ok- + ignored-or-substituted-attributes, and holds the job + indefinitely until a client performs a subsequent Release-Job + operation. + + If the client (1) supplies a value that specifies a time period + that has already started or the 'no-hold' value (meaning don't + hold the job) and (2) the IPP object supports the "job-hold- + until" operation attribute and there are no other reasons to + hold the job, the IPP object MUST accept the operation and make + the job be a candidate for processing immediately (see Section + 4.2.2). + + If the client does not supply a "job-hold-until" Operation + attribute in the request, the IPP object MUST populate the job + object with a "job-hold-until" attribute with the 'indefinite' + value (if IPP object supports the "job-hold-until" attribute) + and hold the job indefinitely, until a client performs a + Release-Job operation. + +3.3.5.2 Hold-Job Response + + The groups and attributes are the same as for a Cancel-Job response + (see section 3.3.3.2). + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 73] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.3.6 Release-Job Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to release a previously held + job so that it is again eligible for scheduling. If the Hold-Job + operation is supported, then the Release-Job operation MUST be + supported, and vice-versa. + + This operation removes the "job-hold-until" job attribute, if + present, from the job object that had been supplied in the create or + most recent Hold-Job or Restart-Job operation and removes its effect + on the job. The IPP object MUST remove the 'job-hold-until- + specified' value from the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute, if + present. See section 4.3.8. + + The IPP object MUST accept or reject the request based on the job's + current state and transition the job to the indicated new state as + follows: + + Current "job- New "job-state" IPP object's response status + state" code and action: + + 'pending' 'pending' 'successful-ok' + No effect on the job. + 'pending-held' 'pending-held' 'successful-ok' See Rule 1 + 'pending-held' 'pending' 'successful-ok' + 'processing' 'processing' 'successful-ok' + No effect on the job. + 'processing- 'processing- 'successful-ok' + stopped' stopped' No effect on the job. + 'completed' 'completed' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'canceled' 'canceled' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'aborted' 'aborted' 'client-error-not-possible' + + Rule 1: If there are other reasons to keep the job in the 'pending- + held' state, such as 'resources-are-not-ready', the job remains in + the 'pending-held' state. Thus the 'pending-held' state is not just + for jobs that have the 'job-hold-until' applied to them, but are for + any reason to keep the job from being a candidate for scheduling and + processing, such as 'resources-are-not-ready'. See the "job-hold- + until" attribute (section 4.2.2). + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must either be the job owner or an operator or + administrator of the Printer object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). + Otherwise, the IPP object MUST reject the operation and return: + 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or + 'client-error-not-authorized' as appropriate. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 74] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The Release-Job Request and Release-Job Response have the same + attribute groups and attributes as the Cancel-Job operation (see + section 3.3.3.1 and 3.3.3.2). + +3.3.7 Restart-Job Operation + + This OPTIONAL operation allows a client to restart a job that is + retained in the queue after processing has completed (see section + 4.3.7.2). + + The job is moved to the 'pending' or 'pending-held' job state and + restarts at the beginning on the same IPP Printer object with the + same attribute values. If any of the documents in the job were + passed by reference (Print-URI or Send-URI), the Printer MUST re- + fetch the data, since the semantics of Restart-Job are to repeat all + Job processing. The Job Description attributes that accumulate job + progress, such as "job-impressions-completed", "job-media-sheets- + completed", and "job-k-octets-processed", MUST be reset to 0 so that + they give an accurate record of the job from its restart point. The + job object MUST continue to use the same "job-uri" and "job-id" + attribute values. + + Note: If in the future an operation is needed that does not reset + the job progress attributes, then a new operation will be defined + which makes a copy of the job, assigns a new "job-uri" and "job-id" + to the copy and resets the job progress attributes in the new copy + only. + + The IPP object MUST accept or reject the request based on the job's + current state, transition the job to the indicated new state as + follows: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 75] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Current "job- New "job-state" IPP object's response status + state" code and action: + + 'pending' 'pending' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'pending-held' 'pending-held' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'processing' 'processing' 'client-error-not-possible' + 'processing- 'processing- 'client-error-not-possible' + stopped' stopped' + 'completed' 'pending' or 'successful-ok' - job is started + 'pending-held' over. + 'completed' 'completed' 'client-error-not-possible' - + see Rule 1 + 'canceled' 'pending' or 'successful-ok' - job is started + 'pending-held' over. + 'canceled' 'canceled' 'client-error-not-possible' - + see Rule 1 + 'aborted' 'pending' or 'successful-ok' - job is started + 'pending-held' over. + 'aborted' 'aborted' 'client-error-not-possible' - + see Rule 1 + + Rule 1: If the Job Retention Period has expired for the job in this + state, then the IPP object rejects the operation. See section + 4.3.7.2. + + Note: In order to prevent a user from inadvertently restarting a job + in the middle, the Restart-Job request is rejected when the job is in + the 'processing' or 'processing-stopped' states. If in the future an + operation is needed to hold or restart jobs while in these states, it + will be added as an additional operation, rather than overloading the + Restart-Job operation, so that it is clear that the user intended + that the current job not be completed. + + Access Rights: The authenticated user (see section 8.3) performing + this operation must either be the job owner or an operator or + administrator of the Printer object (see Sections 1 and 8.5). + Otherwise, the IPP object MUST reject the operation and return: + 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not-authenticated', or + 'client-error-not-authorized' as appropriate. + +3.3.7.1 Restart-Job Request + + The groups and attributes are the same as for a Cancel-Job request + (see section 3.3.3.1), with the addition of the following Group 1 + Operation attribute: + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 76] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + "job-hold-until" (type3 keyword | name(MAX)): + The client OPTIONALLY supplies this attribute. The IPP object + MUST support this Operation attribute in a Restart-Job request, + if it supports the "job-hold-until" Job Template attribute in + create operations. See section 4.2.2. Otherwise, the IPP + object NEED NOT support the "job-hold-until" Operation + attribute in a Restart-Job request. + + If supplied and supported as specified in the Printer's "job- + hold-until-supported" attribute, the IPP object copies the + supplied Operation attribute to the Job object, replacing the + job's previous "job-hold-until" attribute, if present, and + makes the job a candidate for scheduling during the supplied + named time period. See section 4.2.2. + + If supplied, but the value is not supported, the IPP object + accepts the request, returns the unsupported attribute or value + in the Unsupported Attributes Group according to section 3.1.7, + returns the 'successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes' + status code, and holds the job indefinitely until a client + performs a subsequent Release-Job operation. + + If supplied, but the "job-hold-until" Operation attribute + itself is not supported, the IPP object accepts the request, + returns the unsupported attribute with the out-of-band + 'unsupported' value in the Unsupported Attributes Group + according to section 3.1.7, returns the 'successful-ok- + ignored-or-substituted-attributes' status code, and restarts + the job, i.e., ignores the "job-hold-until" attribute. + + If the client (1) supplies a value that specifies a time period + that has already started or the 'no-hold' value (meaning don't + hold the job) and (2) the IPP object supports the "job-hold- + until" operation attribute and there are no other reasons to + hold the job, the IPP object makes the job a candidate for + processing immediately (see Section 4.2.2). + + If the client does not supply a "job-hold-until" operation + attribute in the request, the IPP object removes the "job- + hold-until" attribute, if present, from the job. If there are + no other reasons to hold the job, the Restart-Job operation + makes the job a candidate for processing immediately (see + Section 4.2.2). + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 77] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +3.3.7.2 Restart-Job Response + + The groups and attributes are the same as for a Cancel-Job response + (see section 3.3.3.2). + + Note: In the future an OPTIONAL Modify-Job or Set-Job-Attributes + operation may be specified that allows the client to modify other + attributes before releasing the restarted job. + +4. Object Attributes + + This section describes the attributes with their corresponding + attribute syntaxes and values that are part of the IPP model. The + sections below show the objects and their associated attributes which + are included within the scope of this protocol. Many of these + attributes are derived from other relevant documents: + + - Document Printing Application (DPA) [ISO10175] + - RFC 1759 Printer MIB [RFC1759] + + Each attribute is uniquely identified in this document using a + "keyword" (see section 12.2.1) which is the name of the attribute. + The keyword is included in the section header describing that + attribute. + + Note: Not only are keywords used to identify attributes, but one of + the attribute syntaxes described below is "keyword" so that some + attributes have keyword values. Therefore, these attributes are + defined as having an attribute syntax that is a set of keywords. + +4.1 Attribute Syntaxes + + This section defines the basic attribute syntax types that all + clients and IPP objects MUST be able to accept in responses and + accept in requests, respectively. Each attribute description in + sections 3 and 4 includes the name of attribute syntax(es) in the + heading (in parentheses). A conforming implementation of an + attribute MUST include the semantics of the attribute syntax(es) so + identified. Section 6.3 describes how the protocol can be extended + with new attribute syntaxes. + + The attribute syntaxes are specified in the following sub-sections, + where the sub-section heading is the keyword name of the attribute + syntax inside the single quotes. In operation requests and responses + each attribute value MUST be represented as one of the attribute + syntaxes specified in the sub-section heading for the attribute. In + addition, the value of an attribute in a response (but not in a + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 78] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + request) MAY be one of the "out-of-band" values whose special + encoding rules are defined in the "Encoding and Transport" document + [RFC2910]. Standard "out-of-band" values are: + + 'unknown': The attribute is supported by the IPP object, but the + value is unknown to the IPP object for some reason. + 'unsupported': The attribute is unsupported by the IPP object. + This value MUST be returned only as the value of an attribute + in the Unsupported Attributes Group. + 'no-value': The attribute is supported by the Printer object, but + the administrator has not yet configured a value. + + All attributes in a request MUST have one or more values as defined + in Sections 4.2 to 4.4. Thus clients MUST NOT supply attributes with + "out-of-band" values for operations defined in this document. All + attributes in a response MUST have one or more values as defined in + Sections 4.2 to 4.4 or a single "out-of-band" value. + + Most attributes are defined to have a single attribute syntax. + However, a few attributes (e.g., "job-sheet", "media", "job-hold- + until") are defined to have several attribute syntaxes, depending on + the value. These multiple attribute syntaxes are separated by the + "|" character in the sub-section heading to indicate the choice. + Since each value MUST be tagged as to its attribute syntax in the + protocol, a single-valued attribute instance may have any one of its + attribute syntaxes and a multi-valued attribute instance may have a + mixture of its defined attribute syntaxes. + +4.1.1 'text' + + A text attribute is an attribute whose value is a sequence of zero or + more characters encoded in a maximum of 1023 ('MAX') octets. MAX is + the maximum length for each value of any text attribute. However, if + an attribute will always contain values whose maximum length is much + less than MAX, the definition of that attribute will include a + qualifier that defines the maximum length for values of that + attribute. For example: the "printer-location" attribute is + specified as "printer-location (text(127))". In this case, text + values for "printer-location" MUST NOT exceed 127 octets; if supplied + with a longer text string via some external interface (other than the + protocol), implementations are free to truncate to this shorter + length limitation. + + In this document, all text attributes are defined using the 'text' + syntax. However, 'text' is used only for brevity; the formal + interpretation of 'text' is: 'textWithoutLanguage | + textWithLanguage'. That is, for any attribute defined in this + document using the 'text' attribute syntax, all IPP objects and + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 79] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + clients MUST support both the 'textWithoutLanguage' and + 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntaxes. However, in actual usage and + protocol execution, objects and clients accept and return only one of + the two syntax per attribute. The syntax 'text' never appears "on- + the-wire". + + Both 'textWithoutLanguage' and 'textWithLanguage' are needed to + support the real world needs of interoperability between sites and + systems that use different natural languages as the basis for human + communication. Generally, one natural language applies to all text + attributes in a given request or response. The language is indicated + by the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute defined in + section 3.1.4 or "attributes-natural-language" job attribute defined + in section 4.3.20, and there is no need to identify the natural + language for each text string on a value-by-value basis. In these + cases, the attribute syntax 'textWithoutLanguage' is used for text + attributes. In other cases, the client needs to supply or the + Printer object needs to return a text value in a natural language + that is different from the rest of the text values in the request or + response. In these cases, the client or Printer object uses the + attribute syntax 'textWithLanguage' for text attributes (this is the + Natural Language Override mechanism described in section 3.1.4). + + The 'textWithoutLanguage' and 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntaxes + are described in more detail in the following sections. + +4.1.1.1 'textWithoutLanguage' + + The 'textWithoutLanguage' syntax indicates a value that is sequence + of zero or more characters encoded in a maximum of 1023 (MAX) octets. + Text strings are encoded using the rules of some charset. The + Printer object MUST support the UTF-8 charset [RFC2279] and MAY + support additional charsets to represent 'text' values, provided that + the charsets are registered with IANA [IANA-CS]. See Section 4.1.7 + for the definition of the 'charset' attribute syntax, including + restricted semantics and examples of charsets. + +4.1.1.2 'textWithLanguage' + + The 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntax is a compound attribute + syntax consisting of two parts: a 'textWithoutLanguage' part encoded + in a maximum of 1023 (MAX) octets plus an additional + 'naturalLanguage' (see section 4.1.8) part that overrides the natural + language in force. The 'naturalLanguage' part explicitly identifies + the natural language that applies to the text part of that value and + that value alone. For any give text attribute, the + 'textWithoutLanguage' part is limited to the maximum length defined + for that 'text' attribute, and the 'naturalLanguage' part is always + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 80] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + limited to 63 (additional) octets. Using the 'textWithLanguage' + attribute syntax rather than the normal 'textWithoutLanguage' syntax + is the so-called Natural Language Override mechanism and MUST be + supported by all IPP objects and clients. + + If the attribute is multi-valued (1setOf text), then the + 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntax MUST be used to explicitly + specify each attribute value whose natural language needs to be + overridden. Other values in a multi-valued 'text' attribute in a + request or a response revert to the natural language of the operation + attribute. + + In a create request, the Printer object MUST accept and store with + the Job object any natural language in the "attributes-natural- + language" operation attribute, whether the Printer object supports + that natural language or not. Furthermore, the Printer object MUST + accept and store any 'textWithLanguage' attribute value, whether the + Printer object supports that natural language or not. These + requirements are independent of the value of the "ipp-attribute- + fidelity" operation attribute that the client MAY supply. + + Example: If the client supplies the "attributes-natural-language" + operation attribute with the value: 'en' indicating English, but the + value of the "job-name" attribute is in French, the client MUST use + the 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntax with the following two + values: + + 'fr': Natural Language Override indicating French + 'Rapport Mensuel': the job name in French + + See the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] section 3.9 for + the encoding of the two parts and Appendix A for a detailed example + of the 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntax. + +4.1.2 'name' + + This syntax type is used for user-friendly strings, such as a Printer + name, that, for humans, are more meaningful than identifiers. Names + are never translated from one natural language to another. The + 'name' attribute syntax is essentially the same as 'text', including + the REQUIRED support of UTF-8 except that the sequence of characters + is limited so that its encoded form MUST NOT exceed 255 (MAX) octets. + + Also like 'text', 'name' is really an abbreviated notation for either + 'nameWithoutLanguage' or 'nameWithLanguage'. That is, all IPP + objects and clients MUST support both the 'nameWithoutLanguage' and + 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntaxes. However, in actual usage and + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 81] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + protocol execution, objects and clients accept and return only one of + the two syntax per attribute. The syntax 'name' never appears "on- + the-wire". + + Only the 'text' and 'name' attribute syntaxes permit the Natural + Language Override mechanism. + + Some attributes are defined as 'type3 keyword | name'. These + attributes support values that are either type3 keywords or names. + This dual-syntax mechanism enables a site administrator to extend + these attributes to legally include values that are locally defined + by the site administrator. Such names are not registered with IANA. + +4.1.2.1 'nameWithoutLanguage' + + The 'nameWithoutLanguage' syntax indicates a value that is sequence + of zero or more characters encoded in a maximum of 255 (MAX) octets. + +4.1.2.2 'nameWithLanguage' + + The 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntax is a compound attribute + syntax consisting of two parts: a 'nameWithoutLanguage' part encoded + in a maximum of 1023 (MAX) octets plus an additional + 'naturalLanguage' (see section 4.1.8) part that overrides the natural + language in force. The 'naturalLanguage' part explicitly identifies + the natural language that applies to that name value and that name + value alone. For any give text attribute, the 'textWithoutLanguage' + part is limited to the maximum length defined for that 'text' + attribute, and the 'naturalLanguage' part is always limited to 63 + (additional) octets. Using the 'textWithLanguage' attribute syntax + rather than the normal 'textWithoutLanguage' syntax is the so-called + Natural Language Override mechanism and MUST be supported by all IPP + objects and clients. + + The 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntax behaves the same as the + 'textWithLanguage' syntax. Using the 'textWithLanguage' attribute + syntax rather than the normal 'textWithoutLanguage' syntax is the + so-called Natural Language Override mechanism and MUST be supported + by all IPP objects and clients. If a name is in a language that is + different than the rest of the object or operation, then this + 'nameWithLanguage' syntax is used rather than the generic + 'nameWithoutLanguage' syntax. + + If the attribute is multi-valued (1setOf text), then the + 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntax MUST be used to explicitly + specify each attribute value whose natural language needs to be + overridden. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 82] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Other values in a multi-valued 'name' attribute in a request or a + response revert to the natural language of the operation attribute. + + In a create request, the Printer object MUST accept and store with + the Job object any natural language in the "attributes-natural- + language" operation attribute, whether the Printer object supports + that natural language or not. Furthermore, the Printer object MUST + accept and store any 'nameWithLanguage' attribute value, whether the + Printer object supports that natural language or not. These + requirements are independent of the value of the "ipp-attribute- + fidelity" operation attribute that the client MAY supply. + + Example: If the client supplies the "attributes-natural-language" + operation attribute with the value: 'en' indicating English, but the + "printer-name" attribute is in German, the client MUST use the + 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntax as follows: + + 'de': Natural Language Override indicating German + 'Farbdrucker': the Printer name in German + + See the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] section 3.9 for + the encoding of the two parts and Appendix A for a detailed example + of the 'nameWithLanguage' attribute syntax. + +4.1.2.3 Matching 'name' attribute values + + For purposes of matching two 'name' attribute values for equality, + such as in job validation (where a client-supplied value for + attribute "xxx" is checked to see if the value is among the values of + the Printer object's corresponding "xxx-supported" attribute), the + following match rules apply: + + 1. 'keyword' values never match 'name' values. + + 2. 'name' (nameWithoutLanguage and nameWithLanguage) values match + if (1) the name parts match and (2) the Associated Natural- + Language parts (see section 3.1.4.1) match. The matching rules + are: + + a. the name parts match if the two names are identical + character by character, except it is RECOMMENDED that case + be ignored. For example: 'Ajax-letter-head-white' MUST + match 'Ajax-letter-head-white' and SHOULD match 'ajax- + letter-head-white' and 'AJAX-LETTER-HEAD-WHITE'. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 83] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + b. the Associated Natural-Language parts match if the shorter + of the two meets the syntactic requirements of RFC 1766 + [RFC1766] and matches byte for byte with the longer. For + example, 'en' matches 'en', 'en-us' and 'en-gb', but matches + neither 'fr' nor 'e'. + +4.1.3 'keyword' + + The 'keyword' attribute syntax is a sequence of characters, length: 1 + to 255, containing only the US-ASCII [ASCII] encoded values for + lowercase letters ("a" - "z"), digits ("0" - "9"), hyphen ("-"), dot + ("."), and underscore ("_"). The first character MUST be a lowercase + letter. Furthermore, keywords MUST be in U.S. English. + + This syntax type is used for enumerating semantic identifiers of + entities in the abstract protocol, i.e., entities identified in this + document. Keywords are used as attribute names or values of + attributes. Unlike 'text' and 'name' attribute values, 'keyword' + values MUST NOT use the Natural Language Override mechanism, since + they MUST always be US-ASCII and U.S. English. + + Keywords are for use in the protocol. A user interface will likely + provide a mapping between protocol keywords and displayable user- + friendly words and phrases which are localized to the natural + language of the user. While the keywords specified in this document + MAY be displayed to users whose natural language is U.S. English, + they MAY be mapped to other U.S. English words for U.S. English + users, since the user interface is outside the scope of this + document. + + In the definition for each attribute of this syntax type, the full + set of defined keyword values for that attribute are listed. + + When a keyword is used to represent an attribute (its name), it MUST + be unique within the full scope of all IPP objects and attributes. + When a keyword is used to represent a value of an attribute, it MUST + be unique just within the scope of that attribute. That is, the same + keyword MUST NOT be used for two different values within the same + attribute to mean two different semantic ideas. However, the same + keyword MAY be used across two or more attributes, representing + different semantic ideas for each attribute. Section 6.1 describes + how the protocol can be extended with new keyword values. Examples + of attribute name keywords: + + "job-name" + "attributes-charset" + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 84] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Note: This document uses "type1", "type2", and "type3" prefixes to + the "keyword" basic syntax to indicate different levels of review for + extensions (see section 6.1). + +4.1.4 'enum' + + The 'enum' attribute syntax is an enumerated integer value that is in + the range from 1 to 2**31 - 1 (MAX). Each value has an associated + 'keyword' name. In the definition for each attribute of this syntax + type, the full set of possible values for that attribute are listed. + This syntax type is used for attributes for which there are enum + values assigned by other standards, such as SNMP MIBs. A number of + attribute enum values in this document are also used for + corresponding attributes in other standards [RFC1759]. This syntax + type is not used for attributes to which the administrator may assign + values. Section 6.1 describes how the protocol can be extended with + new enum values. + + Enum values are for use in the protocol. A user interface will + provide a mapping between protocol enum values and displayable user- + friendly words and phrases which are localized to the natural + language of the user. While the enum symbols specified in this + document MAY be displayed to users whose natural language is U.S. + English, they MAY be mapped to other U.S. English words for U.S. + English users, since the user interface is outside the scope of this + document. + + Note: SNMP MIBs use '2' for 'unknown' which corresponds to the IPP + "out-of-band" value 'unknown'. See the description of the "out-of- + band" values at the beginning of Section 4.1. Therefore, attributes + of type 'enum' start at '3'. + + Note: This document uses "type1", "type2", and "type3" prefixes to + the "enum" basic syntax to indicate different levels of review for + extensions (see section 6.1). + +4.1.5 'uri' + + The 'uri' attribute syntax is any valid Uniform Resource Identifier + or URI [RFC2396]. Most often, URIs are simply Uniform Resource + Locators or URLs. The maximum length of URIs used as values of IPP + attributes is 1023 octets. Although most other IPP attribute syntax + types allow for only lower-cased values, this attribute syntax type + conforms to the case-sensitive and case-insensitive rules specified + in [RFC2396]. See also [IPP-IIG] for a discussion of case in URIs. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 85] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.1.6 'uriScheme' + + The 'uriScheme' attribute syntax is a sequence of characters + representing a URI scheme according to RFC 2396 [RFC2396]. Though + RFC 2396 requires that the values be case-insensitive, IPP requires + all lower case values in IPP attributes to simplify comparing by IPP + clients and Printer objects. + + Standard values for this syntax type are the following keywords: + + 'ipp': for IPP schemed URIs (e.g., "ipp:...") + 'http': for HTTP schemed URIs (e.g., "http:...") + 'https': for use with HTTPS schemed URIs (e.g., "https:...") (not + on IETF standards track) + 'ftp': for FTP schemed URIs (e.g., "ftp:...") + 'mailto': for SMTP schemed URIs (e.g., "mailto:...") + 'file': for file schemed URIs (e.g., "file:...") + + A Printer object MAY support any URI 'scheme' that has been + registered with IANA [IANA-MT]. The maximum length of URI 'scheme' + values used to represent IPP attribute values is 63 octets. + +4.1.7 'charset' + + The 'charset' attribute syntax is a standard identifier for a + charset. A charset is a coded character set and encoding scheme. + Charsets are used for labeling certain document contents and 'text' + and 'name' attribute values. The syntax and semantics of this + attribute syntax are specified in RFC 2046 [RFC2046] and contained in + the IANA character-set Registry [IANA-CS] according to the IANA + procedures [RFC2278]. Though RFC 2046 requires that the values be + case-insensitive US-ASCII [ASCII], IPP requires all lower case values + in IPP attributes to simplify comparing by IPP clients and Printer + objects. When a character-set in the IANA registry has more than one + name (alias), the name labeled as "(preferred MIME name)", if + present, MUST be used. + + The maximum length of 'charset' values used to represent IPP + attribute values is 63 octets. + + Some examples are: + + 'utf-8': ISO 10646 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set + (UCS) represented as the UTF-8 [RFC2279] transfer encoding + scheme in which US-ASCII is a subset charset. + 'us-ascii': 7-bit American Standard Code for Information + Interchange (ASCII), ANSI X3.4-1986 [ASCII]. That standard + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 86] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + defines US-ASCII, but RFC 2045 [RFC2045] eliminates most of the + control characters from conformant usage in MIME and IPP. + 'iso-8859-1': 8-bit One-Byte Coded Character Set, Latin Alphabet + Nr 1 [ISO8859-1]. That standard defines a coded character set + that is used by Latin languages in the Western Hemisphere and + Western Europe. US-ASCII is a subset charset. + + Some attribute descriptions MAY place additional requirements on + charset values that may be used, such as REQUIRED values that MUST be + supported or additional restrictions, such as requiring that the + charset have US- ASCII as a subset charset. + +4.1.8 'naturalLanguage' + + The 'naturalLanguage' attribute syntax is a standard identifier for a + natural language and optionally a country. The values for this + syntax type are defined by RFC 1766 [RFC1766]. Though RFC 1766 + requires that the values be case-insensitive US-ASCII [ASCII], IPP + requires all lower case to simplify comparing by IPP clients and + Printer objects. Examples include: + + 'en': for English + 'en-us': for US English + 'fr': for French + 'de': for German + + The maximum length of 'naturalLanguage' values used to represent IPP + attribute values is 63 octets. + +4.1.9 'mimeMediaType' + + The 'mimeMediaType' attribute syntax is the Internet Media Type + (sometimes called MIME type) as defined by RFC 2046 [RFC2046] and + registered according to the procedures of RFC 2048 [RFC2048] for + identifying a document format. The value MAY include a charset, or + other, parameter, depending on the specification of the Media Type in + the IANA Registry [IANA-MT]. Although most other IPP syntax types + allow for only lower-cased values, this syntax type allows for + mixed-case values which are case-insensitive. + + Examples are: + 'text/html': An HTML document + 'text/plain': A plain text document in US-ASCII (RFC 2046 + indicates that in the absence of the charset parameter MUST + mean US-ASCII rather than simply unspecified) [RFC2046]. + 'text/plain; charset=US-ASCII': A plain text document in US-ASCII + [52, 56]. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 87] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1': A plain text document in ISO + 8859-1 (Latin 1) [ISO8859-1]. + 'text/plain; charset=utf-8': A plain text document in ISO 10646 + represented as UTF-8 [RFC2279] + 'application/postscript': A PostScript document [RFC2046] + 'application/vnd.hp-PCL': A PCL document [IANA-MT] (charset + escape sequence embedded in the document data) + 'application/pdf': Portable Document Format - see IANA MIME Media + Type registry + 'application/octet-stream': Auto-sense - see section 4.1.9.1 + + The maximum length of a 'mimeMediaType' value to represent IPP + attribute values is 255 octets. + +4.1.9.1 Application/octet-stream -- Auto-Sensing the document format + + One special type is 'application/octet-stream'. If the Printer + object supports this value, the Printer object MUST be capable of + auto-sensing the format of the document data using an + implementation-dependent method that examines some number of octets + of the document data, either as part of the create operation and/or + at document processing time. During auto-sensing, a Printer may + determine that the document-data has a format that the Printer + doesn't recognize. If the Printer determines this problem before + returning an operation response, it rejects the request and returns + the 'client-error-document-format-not-supported' status code. If the + Printer determines this problem after accepting the request and + returning an operation response with one of the successful status + codes, the Printer adds the 'unsupported-document-format' value to + the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute. + + If the Printer object's default value attribute "document-format- + default" is set to 'application/octet-stream', the Printer object not + only supports auto-sensing of the document format, but will depend on + the result of applying its auto-sensing when the client does not + supply the "document-format" attribute. If the client supplies a + document format value, the Printer MUST rely on the supplied + attribute, rather than trust its auto-sensing algorithm. To + summarize: + + 1. If the client does not supply a document format value, the + Printer MUST rely on its default value setting (which may be + 'application/octet-stream' indicating an auto-sensing + mechanism). + 2. If the client supplies a value other than 'application/octet- + stream', the client is supplying valid information about the + format of the document data and the Printer object MUST trust + the client supplied value more than the outcome of applying an + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 88] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + automatic format detection mechanism. For example, the client + may be requesting the printing of a PostScript file as a + 'text/plain' document. The Printer object MUST print a text + representation of the PostScript commands rather than interpret + the stream of PostScript commands and print the result. + 3. If the client supplies a value of 'application/octet-stream', + the client is indicating that the Printer object MUST use its + auto-sensing mechanism on the client supplied document data + whether auto-sensing is the Printer object's default or not. + + Note: Since the auto-sensing algorithm is probabilistic, if the + client requests both auto-sensing ("document-format" set to + 'application/octet-stream') and true fidelity ("ipp-attribute- + fidelity" set to 'true'), the Printer object might not be able to + guarantee exactly what the end user intended (the auto-sensing + algorithm might mistake one document format for another), but it is + able to guarantee that its auto-sensing mechanism be used. + + When a Printer performs auto-sensing of a document in a submitted + job, it is RECOMMENDED that the Printer indicate to the user that + such auto-sensing has occurred and which document-format was auto- + sensed by printing that information on the job's job-start-sheet. + +4.1.10 'octetString' + + The 'octetString' attribute syntax is a sequence of octets encoded in + a maximum of 1023 octets which is indicated in sub-section headers + using the notation: octetString(MAX). This syntax type is used for + opaque data. + +4.1.11 'boolean' + + The 'boolean' attribute syntax has only two values: 'true' and + 'false'. + +4.1.12 'integer' + + The 'integer' attribute syntax is an integer value that is in the + range from -2**31 (MIN) to 2**31 - 1 (MAX). Each individual + attribute may specify the range constraint explicitly in sub-section + headers if the range is different from the full range of possible + integer values. For example: job-priority (integer(1:100)) for the + "job-priority" attribute. However, the enforcement of that + additional constraint is up to the IPP objects, not the protocol. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 89] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.1.13 'rangeOfInteger' + + The 'rangeOfInteger' attribute syntax is an ordered pair of integers + that defines an inclusive range of integer values. The first integer + specifies the lower bound and the second specifies the upper bound. + If a range constraint is specified in the header description for an + attribute in this document whose attribute syntax is 'rangeOfInteger' + (i.e., 'X:Y' indicating X as a minimum value and Y as a maximum + value), then the constraint applies to both integers. + +4.1.14 'dateTime' + + The 'dateTime' attribute syntax is a standard, fixed length, 11 octet + representation of the "DateAndTime" syntax as defined in RFC 2579 + [RFC2579]. RFC 2579 also identifies an 8 octet representation of a + "DateAndTime" value, but IPP objects MUST use the 11 octet + representation. A user interface will provide a mapping between + protocol dateTime values and displayable user-friendly words or + presentation values and phrases which are localized to the natural + language and date format of the user, including time zone. + +4.1.15 'resolution' + + The 'resolution' attribute syntax specifies a two-dimensional + resolution in the indicated units. It consists of 3 values: a cross + feed direction resolution (positive integer value), a feed direction + resolution (positive integer value), and a units value. The + semantics of these three components are taken from the Printer MIB + [RFC1759] suggested values. That is, the cross feed direction + component resolution component is the same as the + prtMarkerAddressabilityXFeedDir object in the Printer MIB, the feed + direction component resolution component is the same as the + prtMarkerAddressabilityFeedDir in the Printer MIB, and the units + component is the same as the prtMarkerAddressabilityUnit object in + the Printer MIB (namely, '3' indicates dots per inch and '4' + indicates dots per centimeter). All three values MUST be present + even if the first two values are the same. Example: '300', '600', + '3' indicates a 300 dpi cross-feed direction resolution, a 600 dpi + feed direction resolution, since a '3' indicates dots per inch (dpi). + +4.1.16 '1setOf X' + + The '1setOf X' attribute syntax is 1 or more values of attribute + syntax type X. This syntax type is used for multi-valued attributes. + The syntax type is called '1setOf' rather than just 'setOf' as a + reminder that the set of values MUST NOT be empty (i.e., a set of + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 90] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + size 0). Sets are normally unordered. However each attribute + description of this type may specify that the values MUST be in a + certain order for that attribute. + +4.2 Job Template Attributes + + Job Template attributes describe job processing behavior. Support + for Job Template attributes by a Printer object is OPTIONAL (see + section 12.2.3 for a description of support for OPTIONAL attributes). + Also, clients OPTIONALLY supply Job Template attributes in create + requests. + + Job Template attributes conform to the following rules. For each Job + Template attribute called "xxx": + + 1. If the Printer object supports "xxx" then it MUST support both + a "xxx-default" attribute (unless there is a "No" in the table + below) and a "xxx-supported" attribute. If the Printer object + doesn't support "xxx", then it MUST support neither an "xxx- + default" attribute nor an "xxx-supported" attribute, and it + MUST treat an attribute "xxx" supplied by a client as + unsupported. An attribute "xxx" may be supported for some + document formats and not supported for other document formats. + For example, it is expected that a Printer object would only + support "orientation-requested" for some document formats (such + as 'text/plain' or 'text/html') but not others (such as + 'application/postscript'). + + 2. "xxx" is OPTIONALLY supplied by the client in a create request. + If "xxx" is supplied, the client is indicating a desired job + processing behavior for this Job. When "xxx" is not supplied, + the client is indicating that the Printer object apply its + default job processing behavior at job processing time if the + document content does not contain an embedded instruction + indicating an xxx-related behavior. + + Since an administrator MAY change the default value attribute + after a Job object has been submitted but before it has been + processed, the default value used by the Printer object at job + processing time may be different that the default value in + effect at job submission time. + + 3. The "xxx-supported" attribute is a Printer object attribute + that describes which job processing behaviors are supported by + that Printer object. A client can query the Printer object to + find out what xxx-related behaviors are supported by inspecting + the returned values of the "xxx-supported" attribute. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 91] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Note: The "xxx" in each "xxx-supported" attribute name is + singular, even though an "xxx-supported" attribute usually has + more than one value, such as "job-sheet-supported", unless the + "xxx" Job Template attribute is plural, such as "finishings" or + "sides". In such cases the "xxx-supported" attribute names + are: "finishings- supported" and "sides-supported". + + 4. The "xxx-default" default value attribute describes what will + be done at job processing time when no other job processing + information is supplied by the client (either explicitly as an + IPP attribute in the create request or implicitly as an + embedded instruction within the document data). + + If an application wishes to present an end user with a list of + supported values from which to choose, the application SHOULD query + the Printer object for its supported value attributes. The + application SHOULD also query the default value attributes. If the + application then limits selectable values to only those value that + are supported, the application can guarantee that the values supplied + by the client in the create request all fall within the set of + supported values at the Printer. When querying the Printer, the + client MAY enumerate each attribute by name in the Get-Printer- + Attributes Request, or the client MAY just name the "job-template" + group in order to get the complete set of supported attributes (both + supported and default attributes). + + The "finishings" attribute is an example of a Job Template attribute. + It can take on a set of values such as 'staple', 'punch', and/or + 'cover'. A client can query the Printer object for the "finishings- + supported" attribute and the "finishings-default" attribute. The + supported attribute contains a set of supported values. The default + value attribute contains the finishing value(s) that will be used for + a new Job if the client does not supply a "finishings" attribute in + the create request and the document data does not contain any + corresponding finishing instructions. If the client does supply the + "finishings" attribute in the create request, the IPP object + validates the value or values to make sure that they are a subset of + the supported values identified in the Printer object's "finishings- + supported" attribute. See section 3.1.7. + + The table below summarizes the names and relationships for all Job + Template attributes. The first column of the table (labeled "Job + Attribute") shows the name and syntax for each Job Template attribute + in the Job object. These are the attributes that can optionally be + supplied by the client in a create request. The last two columns + (labeled "Printer: Default Value Attribute" and "Printer: Supported + Values Attribute") show the name and syntax for each Job Template + attribute in the Printer object (the default value attribute and the + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 92] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + supported values attribute). A "No" in the table means the Printer + MUST NOT support the attribute (that is, the attribute is simply not + applicable). For brevity in the table, the 'text' and 'name' entries + do not show the maximum length for each attribute. + + +===================+======================+======================+ + | Job Attribute |Printer: Default Value| Printer: Supported | + | | Attribute | Values Attribute | + +===================+======================+======================+ + | job-priority | job-priority-default |job-priority-supported| + | (integer 1:100) | (integer 1:100) |(integer 1:100) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | job-hold-until | job-hold-until- |job-hold-until- | + | (type3 keyword | | default | supported | + | name) | (type3 keyword | |(1setOf ( | + | | name) |type3 keyword | name))| + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | job-sheets | job-sheets-default |job-sheets-supported | + | (type3 keyword | | (type3 keyword | |(1setOf ( | + | name) | name) |type3 keyword | name))| + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + |multiple-document- |multiple-document- |multiple-document- | + | handling | handling-default |handling-supported | + | (type2 keyword) | (type2 keyword) |(1setOf type2 keyword)| + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | copies | copies-default | copies-supported | + | (integer (1:MAX)) | (integer (1:MAX)) | (rangeOfInteger | + | | | (1:MAX)) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | finishings | finishings-default | finishings-supported | + |(1setOf type2 enum)|(1setOf type2 enum) |(1setOf type2 enum) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | page-ranges | No | page-ranges- | + | (1setOf | | supported (boolean) | + | rangeOfInteger | | | + | (1:MAX)) | | | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | sides | sides-default | sides-supported | + | (type2 keyword) | (type2 keyword) |(1setOf type2 keyword)| + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | number-up | number-up-default | number-up-supported | + | (integer (1:MAX)) | (integer (1:MAX)) |(1setOf (integer | + | | | (1:MAX) | | + | | | rangeOfInteger | + | | | (1:MAX))) | + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 93] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | orientation- |orientation-requested-|orientation-requested-| + | requested | default | supported | + | (type2 enum) | (type2 enum) | (1setOf type2 enum) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | media | media-default | media-supported | + | (type3 keyword | | (type3 keyword | |(1setOf ( | + | name) | name) |type3 keyword | name))| + | | | | + | | | media-ready | + | | |(1setOf ( | + | | |type3 keyword | name))| + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | printer-resolution| printer-resolution- | printer-resolution- | + | (resolution) | default | supported | + | | (resolution) |(1setOf resolution) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + | print-quality | print-quality-default| print-quality- | + | (type2 enum) | (type2 enum) | supported | + | | |(1setOf type2 enum) | + +-------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ + +4.2.1 job-priority (integer(1:100)) + + This attribute specifies a priority for scheduling the Job. A higher + value specifies a higher priority. The value 1 indicates the lowest + possible priority. The value 100 indicates the highest possible + priority. Among those jobs that are ready to print, a Printer MUST + print all jobs with a priority value of n before printing those with + a priority value of n-1 for all n. + + If the Printer object supports this attribute, it MUST always support + the full range from 1 to 100. No administrative restrictions are + permitted. This way an end-user can always make full use of the + entire range with any Printer object. If privileged jobs are + implemented outside IPP/1.1, they MUST have priorities higher than + 100, rather than restricting the range available to end-users. + + If the client does not supply this attribute and this attribute is + supported by the Printer object, the Printer object MUST use the + value of the Printer object's "job-priority-default" at job + submission time (unlike most Job Template attributes that are used if + necessary at job processing time). + + The syntax for the "job-priority-supported" is also integer(1:100). + This single integer value indicates the number of priority levels + supported. The Printer object MUST take the value supplied by the + client and map it to the closest integer in a sequence of n integers + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 94] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + values that are evenly distributed over the range from 1 to 100 using + the formula: + + roundToNearestInt((100x+50)/n) + + where n is the value of "job-priority-supported" and x ranges from 0 + through n-1. + + For example, if n=1 the sequence of values is 50; if n=2, the + sequence of values is: 25 and 75; if n = 3, the sequence of values + is: 17, 50 and 83; if n = 10, the sequence of values is: 5, 15, 25, + 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95; if n = 100, the sequence of values + is: 1, 2, 3, ... 100. + + If the value of the Printer object's "job-priority-supported" is 10 + and the client supplies values in the range 1 to 10, the Printer + object maps them to 5, in the range 11 to 20, the Printer object maps + them to 15, etc. + +4.2.2 job-hold-until (type3 keyword | name (MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the named time period during which the Job + MUST become a candidate for printing. + + Standard keyword values for named time periods are: + + 'no-hold': immediately, if there are not other reasons to hold the + job + 'indefinite': - the job is held indefinitely, until a client + performs a Release-Job (section 3.3.6) + 'day-time': during the day + 'evening': evening + 'night': night + 'weekend': weekend + 'second-shift': second-shift (after close of business) + 'third-shift': third-shift (after midnight) + + An administrator MUST associate allowable print times with a named + time period (by means outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document). + An administrator is encouraged to pick names that suggest the type of + time period. An administrator MAY define additional values using the + 'name' or 'keyword' attribute syntax, depending on implementation. + + If the value of this attribute specifies a time period that is in the + future, the Printer SHOULD add the 'job-hold-until-specified' value + to the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute, MUST move the job to the + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 95] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'pending-held' state, and MUST NOT schedule the job for printing + until the specified time-period arrives. + + When the specified time period arrives, the Printer MUST remove the + 'job-hold-until-specified' value from the job's "job-state-reason" + attribute, if present. If there are no other job state reasons that + keep the job in the 'pending-held' state, the Printer MUST consider + the job as a candidate for processing by moving the job to the + 'pending' state. + + If this job attribute value is the named value 'no-hold', or the + specified time period has already started, the job MUST be a + candidate for processing immediately. + + If the client does not supply this attribute and this attribute is + supported by the Printer object, the Printer object MUST use the + value of the Printer object's "job-hold-until-default" at job + submission time (unlike most Job Template attributes that are used if + necessary at job processing time). + +4.2.3 job-sheets (type3 keyword | name(MAX)) + + This attribute determines which job start/end sheet(s), if any, MUST + be printed with a job. + + Standard keyword values are: + + 'none': no job sheet is printed + 'standard': one or more site specific standard job sheets are + printed, e.g. a single start sheet or both start and end sheet is + printed + + An administrator MAY define additional values using the 'name' or + 'keyword' attribute syntax, depending on implementation. + + The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents MAY be + affected by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4), depending on the job sheet semantics. + +4.2.4 multiple-document-handling (type2 keyword) + + This attribute is relevant only if a job consists of two or more + documents. This attribute MUST be supported with at least one value + if the Printer supports multiple documents per job (see sections + 3.2.4 and 3.3.1). The attribute controls finishing operations and + the placement of one or more print-stream pages into impressions and + onto media sheets. When the value of the "copies" attribute exceeds + 1, it also controls the order in which the copies that result from + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 96] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + processing the documents are produced. For the purposes of this + explanations, if "a" represents an instance of document data, then + the result of processing the data in document "a" is a sequence of + media sheets represented by "a(*)". + + Standard keyword values are: + + 'single-document': If a Job object has multiple documents, say, + the document data is called a and b, then the result of + processing all the document data (a and then b) MUST be treated + as a single sequence of media sheets for finishing operations; + that is, finishing would be performed on the concatenation of + the sequences a(*),b(*). The Printer object MUST NOT force the + data in each document instance to be formatted onto a new + print-stream page, nor to start a new impression on a new media + sheet. If more than one copy is made, the ordering of the sets + of media sheets resulting from processing the document data + MUST be a(*), b(*), a(*), b(*), start on a new media sheet. + 'separate-documents-uncollated-copies': If a Job object has + multiple documents, say, the document data is called a and b, + then the result of processing the data in each document + instance MUST be treated as a single sequence of media sheets + for finishing operations; that is, the sets a(*) and b(*) would + each be finished separately. The Printer object MUST force each + copy of the result of processing the data in a single document + to start on a new media sheet. If more than one copy is made, + the ordering of the sets of media sheets resulting from + processing the document data MUST be a(*), a(*), ..., b(*), + b(*) ... . + 'separate-documents-collated-copies': If a Job object has multiple + documents, say, the document data is called a and b, then the + result of processing the data in each document instance MUST be + treated as a single sequence of media sheets for finishing + operations; that is, the sets a(*) and b(*) would each be + finished separately. The Printer object MUST force each copy of + the result of processing the data in a single document to start + on a new media sheet. If more than one copy is made, the + ordering of the sets of media sheets resulting from processing + the document data MUST be a(*), b(*), a(*), b(*), ... . + 'single-document-new-sheet': Same as 'single-document', except + that the Printer object MUST ensure that the first impression + of each document instance in the job is placed on a new media + sheet. This value allows multiple documents to be stapled + together with a single staple where each document starts on a + new sheet. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 97] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The 'single-document' value is the same as 'separate-documents- + collated-copies' with respect to ordering of print-stream pages, but + not media sheet generation, since 'single-document' will put the + first page of the next document on the back side of a sheet if an odd + number of pages have been produced so far for the job, while + 'separate-documents-collated- copies' always forces the next document + or document copy on to a new sheet. In addition, if the "finishings" + attribute specifies 'staple', then with 'single-document', documents + a and b are stapled together as a single document with no regard to + new sheets, with 'single-document-new-sheet', documents a and b are + stapled together as a single document, but document b starts on a new + sheet, but with 'separate-documents-uncollated-copies' and + 'separate-documents-collated-copies', documents a and b are stapled + separately. + + Note: None of these values provide means to produce uncollated sheets + within a document, i.e., where multiple copies of sheet n are + produced before sheet n+1 of the same document. + + The relationship of this attribute and the other attributes that + control document processing is described in section 15.3. + +4.2.5 copies (integer(1:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the number of copies to be printed. + + On many devices the supported number of collated copies will be + limited by the number of physical output bins on the device, and may + be different from the number of uncollated copies which can be + supported. + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + +4.2.6 finishings (1setOf type2 enum) + + This attribute identifies the finishing operations that the Printer + uses for each copy of each printed document in the Job. For Jobs with + multiple documents, the "multiple-document-handling" attribute + determines what constitutes a "copy" for purposes of finishing. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 98] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Standard enum values are: + + Value Symbolic Name and Description + + '3' 'none': Perform no finishing + '4' 'staple': Bind the document(s) with one or more staples. The + exact number and placement of the staples is site- + defined. + '5' 'punch': This value indicates that holes are required in the + finished document. The exact number and placement of the + holes is site-defined The punch specification MAY be + satisfied (in a site- and implementation-specific manner) + either by drilling/punching, or by substituting pre- + drilled media. + '6' 'cover': This value is specified when it is desired to select + a non-printed (or pre-printed) cover for the document. + This does not supplant the specification of a printed + cover (on cover stock medium) by the document itself. + '7' 'bind': This value indicates that a binding is to be applied + to the document; the type and placement of the binding is + site-defined. + '8' 'saddle-stitch': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples (wire stitches) along the middle fold. The exact + number and placement of the staples and the middle fold + is implementation and/or site-defined. + '9' 'edge-stitch': Bind the document(s) with one or more staples + (wire stitches) along one edge. The exact number and + placement of the staples is implementation and/or site- + defined. + '10'-'19' reserved for future generic finishing enum values. + + The following values are more specific; they indicate a corner or an + edge as if the document were a portrait document (see below): + + '20' 'staple-top-left': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples in the top left corner. + '21' 'staple-bottom-left': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples in the bottom left corner. + '22' 'staple-top-right': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples in the top right corner. + '23' 'staple-bottom-right': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples in the bottom right corner. + '24' 'edge-stitch-left': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples (wire stitches) along the left edge. The exact + number and placement of the staples is implementation + and/or site-defined. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 99] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + '25' 'edge-stitch-top': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples (wire stitches) along the top edge. The exact + number and placement of the staples is implementation + and/or site-defined. + '26' 'edge-stitch-right': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples (wire stitches) along the right edge. The exact + number and placement of the staples is implementation + and/or site-defined. + '27' 'edge-stitch-bottom': Bind the document(s) with one or more + staples (wire stitches) along the bottom edge. The exact + number and placement of the staples is implementation + and/or site-defined. + '28' 'staple-dual-left': Bind the document(s) with two staples + (wire stitches) along the left edge assuming a portrait + document (see above). + '29' 'staple-dual-top': Bind the document(s) with two staples + (wire stitches) along the top edge assuming a portrait + document (see above). + '30' 'staple-dual-right': Bind the document(s) with two staples + (wire stitches) along the right edge assuming a portrait + document (see above). + '31' 'staple-dual-bottom': Bind the document(s) with two staples + (wire stitches) along the bottom edge assuming a portrait + document (see above). + + The 'staple-xxx' values are specified with respect to the document as + if the document were a portrait document. If the document is + actually a landscape or a reverse-landscape document, the client + supplies the appropriate transformed value. For example, to position + a staple in the upper left hand corner of a landscape document when + held for reading, the client supplies the 'staple-bottom-left' value + (since landscape is defined as a +90 degree rotation of the image + with respect to the media from portrait, i.e., anti-clockwise). On + the other hand, to position a staple in the upper left hand corner of + a reverse-landscape document when held for reading, the client + supplies the 'staple-top-right' value (since reverse-landscape is + defined as a -90 degree rotation of the image with respect to the + media from portrait, i.e., clockwise). + + The angle (vertical, horizontal, angled) of each staple with respect + to the document depends on the implementation which may in turn + depend on the value of the attribute. + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 100] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If the client supplies a value of 'none' along with any other + combination of values, it is the same as if only that other + combination of values had been supplied (that is the 'none' value has + no effect). + +4.2.7 page-ranges (1setOf rangeOfInteger (1:MAX)) + + This attribute identifies the range(s) of print-stream pages that the + Printer object uses for each copy of each document which are to be + printed. Nothing is printed for any pages identified that do not + exist in the document(s). Ranges MUST be in ascending order, for + example: 1-3, 5-7, 15-19 and MUST NOT overlap, so that a non-spooling + Printer object can process the job in a single pass. If the ranges + are not ascending or are overlapping, the IPP object MUST reject the + request and return the 'client-error-bad-request' status code. The + attribute is associated with print-stream pages not application- + numbered pages (for example, the page numbers found in the headers + and or footers for certain word processing applications). + + For Jobs with multiple documents, the "multiple-document-handling" + attribute determines what constitutes a "copy" for purposes of the + specified page range(s). When "multiple-document-handling" is + 'single-document', the Printer object MUST apply each supplied page + range once to the concatenation of the print-stream pages. For + example, if there are 8 documents of 10 pages each, the page-range + '41:60' prints the pages in the 5th and 6th documents as a single + document and none of the pages of the other documents are printed. + When "multiple-document- handling" is 'separate-documents- + uncollated-copies' or 'separate-documents-collated-copies', the + Printer object MUST apply each supplied page range repeatedly to each + document copy. For the same job, the page-range '1:3, 10:10' would + print the first 3 pages and the 10th page of each of the 8 documents + in the Job, as 8 separate documents. + + In most cases, the exact pages to be printed will be generated by a + device driver and this attribute would not be required. However, + when printing an archived document which has already been formatted, + the end user may elect to print just a subset of the pages contained + in the document. In this case, if page-range = n.m is specified, the + first page to be printed will be page n. All subsequent pages of the + document will be printed through and including page m. + + "page-ranges-supported" is a boolean value indicating whether or not + the printer is capable of supporting the printing of page ranges. + This capability may differ from one PDL to another. There is no + "page-ranges-default" attribute. If the "page-ranges" attribute is + not supplied by the client, all pages of the document will be + printed. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 101] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + +4.2.8 sides (type2 keyword) + + This attribute specifies how print-stream pages are to be imposed + upon the sides of an instance of a selected medium, i.e., an + impression. + + The standard keyword values are: + + 'one-sided': imposes each consecutive print-stream page upon the + same side of consecutive media sheets. + 'two-sided-long-edge': imposes each consecutive pair of print- + stream pages upon front and back sides of consecutive media + sheets, such that the orientation of each pair of print-stream + pages on the medium would be correct for the reader as if for + binding on the long edge. This imposition is sometimes called + 'duplex' or 'head-to-head'. + 'two-sided-short-edge': imposes each consecutive pair of print- + stream pages upon front and back sides of consecutive media + sheets, such that the orientation of each pair of print-stream + pages on the medium would be correct for the reader as if for + binding on the short edge. This imposition is sometimes called + 'tumble' or 'head-to-toe'. + 'two-sided-long-edge', 'two-sided-short-edge', + 'tumble', and 'duplex' all work the same for portrait or + landscape. However + 'head-to-toe' is + 'tumble' in portrait but 'duplex' in landscape. 'head-to-head' + also switches between 'duplex' and 'tumble' when using portrait + and landscape modes. + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + +4.2.9 number-up (integer(1:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the number of print-stream pages to impose + upon a single side of an instance of a selected medium. For example, + if the value is: + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 102] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Value Description + + '1' the Printer MUST place one print-stream page on a single side + of an instance of the selected medium (MAY add some sort + of translation, scaling, or rotation). + '2' the Printer MUST place two print-stream pages on a single side + of an instance of the selected medium (MAY add some sort + of translation, scaling, or rotation). + '4' the Printer MUST place four print-stream pages on a single + side of an instance of the selected medium (MAY add some + sort of translation, scaling, or rotation). + + This attribute primarily controls the translation, scaling and + rotation of print-stream pages. + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + +4.2.10 orientation-requested (type2 enum) + + This attribute indicates the desired orientation for printed print- + stream pages; it does not describe the orientation of the client- + supplied print-stream pages. + + For some document formats (such as 'application/postscript'), the + desired orientation of the print-stream pages is specified within the + document data. This information is generated by a device driver + prior to the submission of the print job. Other document formats + (such as 'text/plain') do not include the notion of desired + orientation within the document data. In the latter case it is + possible for the Printer object to bind the desired orientation to + the document data after it has been submitted. It is expected that a + Printer object would only support "orientations-requested" for some + document formats (e.g., 'text/plain' or 'text/html') but not others + (e.g., 'application/postscript'). This is no different than any + other Job Template attribute since section 4.2, item 1, points out + that a Printer object may support or not support any Job Template + attribute based on the document format supplied by the client. + However, a special mention is made here since it is very likely that + a Printer object will support "orientation-requested" for only a + subset of the supported document formats. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 103] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Standard enum values are: + + Value Symbolic Name and Description + + '3' 'portrait': The content will be imaged across the short edge + of the medium. + '4' 'landscape': The content will be imaged across the long edge + of the medium. Landscape is defined to be a rotation of + the print-stream page to be imaged by +90 degrees with + respect to the medium (i.e. anti-clockwise) from the + portrait orientation. Note: The +90 direction was + chosen because simple finishing on the long edge is the + same edge whether portrait or landscape + '5' 'reverse-landscape': The content will be imaged across the + long edge of the medium. Reverse-landscape is defined to + be a rotation of the print-stream page to be imaged by - + 90 degrees with respect to the medium (i.e. clockwise) + from the portrait orientation. Note: The 'reverse- + landscape' value was added because some applications + rotate landscape -90 degrees from portrait, rather than + +90 degrees. + '6' 'reverse-portrait': The content will be imaged across the + short edge of the medium. Reverse-portrait is defined to + be a rotation of the print-stream page to be imaged by + 180 degrees with respect to the medium from the portrait + orientation. Note: The 'reverse-portrait' value was + added for use with the "finishings" attribute in cases + where the opposite edge is desired for finishing a + portrait document on simple finishing devices that have + only one finishing position. Thus a 'text'/plain' + portrait document can be stapled "on the right" by a + simple finishing device as is common use with some middle + eastern languages such as Hebrew. + + Note: The effect of this attribute on jobs with multiple documents is + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" job attribute (section + 4.2.4) and the relationship of this attribute and the other + attributes that control document processing is described in section + 15.3. + +4.2.11 media (type3 keyword | name(MAX)) + + This attribute identifies the medium that the Printer uses for all + impressions of the Job. + + The values for "media" include medium-names, medium-sizes, input- + trays and electronic forms so that one attribute specifies the media. + If a Printer object supports a medium name as a value of this + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 104] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + attribute, such a medium name implicitly selects an input-tray that + contains the specified medium. If a Printer object supports a medium + size as a value of this attribute, such a medium size implicitly + selects a medium name that in turn implicitly selects an input-tray + that contains the medium with the specified size. If a Printer + object supports an input-tray as the value of this attribute, such an + input-tray implicitly selects the medium that is in that input-tray + at the time the job prints. This case includes manual-feed input- + trays. If a Printer object supports an electronic form as the value + of this attribute, such an electronic form implicitly selects a + medium-name that in turn implicitly selects an input-tray that + contains the medium specified by the electronic form. The electronic + form also implicitly selects an image that the Printer MUST merge + with the document data as its prints each page. + + Standard keyword values are taken from ISO DPA [ISO10175], the + Printer MIB [RFC1759], and ASME-Y14.1M [ASME-Y14.1M] and are listed + in section 14. An administrator MAY define additional values using + the 'name' or 'keyword' attribute syntax, depending on + implementation. + + There is also an additional Printer attribute named "media-ready" + which differs from "media-supported" in that legal values only + include the subset of "media-supported" values that are physically + loaded and ready for printing with no operator intervention required. + If an IPP object supports "media-supported", it NEED NOT support + "media-ready". + + The relationship of this attribute and the other attributes that + control document processing is described in section 15.3. + +4.2.12 printer-resolution (resolution) + + This attribute identifies the resolution that Printer uses for the + Job. + +4.2.13 print-quality (type2 enum) + + This attribute specifies the print quality that the Printer uses for + the Job. + + The standard enum values are: + + Value Symbolic Name and Description + + '3' 'draft': lowest quality available on the printer + '4' 'normal': normal or intermediate quality on the printer + '5' 'high': highest quality available on the printer + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 105] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3 Job Description Attributes + + The attributes in this section form the attribute group called "job- + description". The following table summarizes these attributes. The + third column indicates whether the attribute is a REQUIRED attribute + that MUST be supported by Printer objects. If it is not indicated as + REQUIRED, then it is OPTIONAL. The maximum size in octets for 'text' + and 'name' attributes is indicated in parenthesizes. + + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | Attribute | Syntax | REQUIRED? | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-uri | uri | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-id | integer(1:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-printer-uri | uri | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-more-info | uri | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-name | name (MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-originating-user-name | name (MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-state | type1 enum | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-state-reasons | 1setOf type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-state-message | text (MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-detailed-status- | 1setOf text (MAX) | | + | messages | | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-document-access-errors | 1setOf text (MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | number-of-documents | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | output-device-assigned | name (127) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | time-at-creation | integer (MIN:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | time-at-processing | integer (MIN:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | time-at-completed | integer (MIN:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-printer-up-time | integer (1:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | date-time-at-creation | dateTime | | + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 106] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | date-time-at-processing | dateTime | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | date-time-at-completed | dateTime | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | number-of-intervening-jobs | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-message-from-operator | text (127) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-k-octets | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-impressions | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-media-sheets | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-k-octets-processed | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-impressions-completed | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | job-media-sheets-completed | integer (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | attributes-charset | charset | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + | attributes-natural-language| naturalLanguage | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+----------------------+--------------+ + +4.3.1 job-uri (uri) + + This REQUIRED attribute contains the URI for the job. The Printer + object, on receipt of a new job, generates a URI which identifies the + new Job. The Printer object returns the value of the "job-uri" + attribute as part of the response to a create request. The precise + format of a Job URI is implementation dependent. If the Printer + object supports more than one URI and there is some relationship + between the newly formed Job URI and the Printer object's URI, the + Printer object uses the Printer URI supplied by the client in the + create request. For example, if the create request comes in over a + secure channel, the new Job URI MUST use the same secure channel. + This can be guaranteed because the Printer object is responsible for + generating the Job URI and the Printer object is aware of its + security configuration and policy as well as the Printer URI used in + the create request. + + For a description of this attribute and its relationship to "job-id" + and "job-printer-uri" attribute, see the discussion in section 2.4 on + "Object Identity". + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 107] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.2 job-id (integer(1:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute contains the ID of the job. The Printer, on + receipt of a new job, generates an ID which identifies the new Job on + that Printer. The Printer returns the value of the "job-id" + attribute as part of the response to a create request. The 0 value + is not included to allow for compatibility with SNMP index values + which also cannot be 0. + + For a description of this attribute and its relationship to "job-uri" + and "job-printer-uri" attribute, see the discussion in section 2.4 on + "Object Identity". + +4.3.3 job-printer-uri (uri) + + This REQUIRED attribute identifies the Printer object that created + this Job object. When a Printer object creates a Job object, it + populates this attribute with the Printer object URI that was used in + the create request. This attribute permits a client to identify the + Printer object that created this Job object when only the Job + object's URI is available to the client. The client queries the + creating Printer object to determine which languages, charsets, + operations, are supported for this Job. + + For a description of this attribute and its relationship to "job-uri" + and "job-id" attribute, see the discussion in section 2.4 on "Object + Identity". + +4.3.4 job-more-info (uri) + + Similar to "printer-more-info", this attribute contains the URI + referencing some resource with more information about this Job + object, perhaps an HTML page containing information about the Job. + +4.3.5 job-name (name(MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute is the name of the job. It is a name that is + more user friendly than the "job-uri" attribute value. It does not + need to be unique between Jobs. The Job's "job-name" attribute is + set to the value supplied by the client in the "job-name" operation + attribute in the create request (see Section 3.2.1.1). If, however, + the "job-name" operation attribute is not supplied by the client in + the create request, the Printer object, on creation of the Job, MUST + generate a name. The printer SHOULD generate the value of the Job's + "job-name" attribute from the first of the following sources that + produces a value: 1) the "document-name" operation attribute of the + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 108] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + first (or only) document, 2) the "document-URI" attribute of the + first (or only) document, or 3) any other piece of Job specific + and/or Document Content information. + +4.3.6 job-originating-user-name (name(MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute contains the name of the end user that + submitted the print job. The Printer object sets this attribute to + the most authenticated printable name that it can obtain from the + authentication service over which the IPP operation was received. + Only if such is not available, does the Printer object use the value + supplied by the client in the "requesting-user-name" operation + attribute of the create operation (see Sections 4.4.2, 4.4.3, and 8). + + Note: The Printer object needs to keep an internal originating user + id of some form, typically as a credential of a principal, with the + Job object. Since such an internal attribute is implementation- + dependent and not of interest to clients, it is not specified as a + Job Description attribute. This originating user id is used for + authorization checks (if any) on all subsequent operations. + +4.3.7 job-state (type1 enum) + + This REQUIRED attribute identifies the current state of the job. + Even though the IPP protocol defines seven values for job states + (plus the out-of-band 'unknown' value - see Section 4.1), + implementations only need to support those states which are + appropriate for the particular implementation. In other words, a + Printer supports only those job states implemented by the output + device and available to the Printer object implementation. + + Standard enum values are: + + Values Symbolic Name and Description + + '3' 'pending': The job is a candidate to start processing, but is + not yet processing. + + '4' 'pending-held': The job is not a candidate for processing for + any number of reasons but will return to the 'pending' + state as soon as the reasons are no longer present. The + job's "job-state-reason" attribute MUST indicate why the + job is no longer a candidate for processing. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 109] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + '5' 'processing': One or more of: + + 1. the job is using, or is attempting to use, one or + more purely software processes that are analyzing, + creating, or interpreting a PDL, etc., + 2. the job is using, or is attempting to use, one or + more hardware devices that are interpreting a PDL, making + marks on a medium, and/or performing finishing, such as + stapling, etc., + 3. the Printer object has made the job ready for + printing, but the output device is not yet printing it, + either because the job hasn't reached the output device + or because the job is queued in the output device or some + other spooler, awaiting the output device to print it. + + When the job is in the 'processing' state, the entire job + state includes the detailed status represented in the + Printer object's "printer-state", "printer-state- + reasons", and "printer-state-message" attributes. + + Implementations MAY, though they NEED NOT, include + additional values in the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute to indicate the progress of the job, such as + adding the 'job-printing' value to indicate when the + output device is actually making marks on paper and/or + the 'processing-to-stop-point' value to indicate that the + IPP object is in the process of canceling or aborting the + job. Most implementations won't bother with this nuance. + + '6' 'processing-stopped': The job has stopped while processing + for any number of reasons and will return to the + 'processing' state as soon as the reasons are no longer + present. + + The job's "job-state-reason" attribute MAY indicate why + the job has stopped processing. For example, if the + output device is stopped, the 'printer-stopped' value MAY + be included in the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute. + + Note: When an output device is stopped, the device + usually indicates its condition in human readable form + locally at the device. A client can obtain more complete + device status remotely by querying the Printer object's + "printer-state", "printer-state-reasons" and "printer- + state-message" attributes. + + '7' 'canceled': The job has been canceled by a Cancel-Job + operation and the Printer object has completed canceling + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 110] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + the job and all job status attributes have reached their + final values for the job. While the Printer object is + canceling the job, the job remains in its current state, + but the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute SHOULD + contain the 'processing-to-stop-point' value and one of + the 'canceled-by-user', 'canceled-by-operator', or + 'canceled-at-device' value. When the job moves to the + 'canceled' state, the 'processing-to-stop-point' value, + if present, MUST be removed, but the 'canceled-by-xxx', + if present, MUST remain. + + '8' 'aborted': The job has been aborted by the system, usually + while the job was in the 'processing' or 'processing- + stopped' state and the Printer has completed aborting the + job and all job status attributes have reached their + final values for the job. While the Printer object is + aborting the job, the job remains in its current state, + but the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute SHOULD + contain the 'processing-to-stop-point' and 'aborted-by- + system' values. When the job moves to the 'aborted' + state, the 'processing-to-stop-point' value, if present, + MUST be removed, but the 'aborted-by-system' value, if + present, MUST remain. + + '9' 'completed': The job has completed successfully or with + warnings or errors after processing and all of the job + media sheets have been successfully stacked in the + appropriate output bin(s) and all job status attributes + have reached their final values for the job. The job's + "job-state-reasons" attribute SHOULD contain one of: + 'completed-successfully', 'completed-with-warnings', or + 'completed-with-errors' values. + + The final value for this attribute MUST be one of: 'completed', + 'canceled', or 'aborted' before the Printer removes the job + altogether. The length of time that jobs remain in the 'canceled', + 'aborted', and 'completed' states depends on implementation. See + section 4.3.7.2. + + The following figure shows the normal job state transitions. + + +----> canceled + / + +----> pending --------> processing ---------+------> completed + | ^ ^ \ + --->+ | | +----> aborted + | v v / + +----> pending-held processing-stopped ---+ + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 111] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Normally a job progresses from left to right. Other state + transitions are unlikely, but are not forbidden. Not shown are the + transitions to the 'canceled' state from the 'pending', 'pending- + held', and 'processing-stopped' states. + + Jobs reach one of the three terminal states: 'completed', 'canceled', + or 'aborted', after the jobs have completed all activity, including + stacking output media, after the jobs have completed all activity, + and all job status attributes have reached their final values for the + job. + +4.3.7.1 Forwarding Servers + + As with all other IPP attributes, if the implementation cannot + determine the correct value for this attribute, it SHOULD respond + with the out-of-band value 'unknown' (see section 4.1) rather than + try to guess at some possibly incorrect value and give the end user + the wrong impression about the state of the Job object. For example, + if the implementation is just a gateway into some printing system + from which it can normally get status, but temporarily is unable, + then the implementation should return the 'unknown' value. However, + if the implementation is a gateway to a printing system that never + provides detailed status about the print job, the implementation MAY + set the IPP Job object's state to 'completed', provided that it also + sets the 'queued-in-device' value in the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute (see section 4.3.8). + +4.3.7.2 Partitioning of Job States + + This section partitions the 7 job states into phases: Job Not + Completed, Job Retention, Job History, and Job Removal. This section + also explains the 'job-restartable' value of the "job-state-reasons" + Job Description attribute for use with the Restart-Job operation. + + Job Not Completed: When a job is in the 'pending', 'pending-held', + 'processing', or 'processing-stopped' states, the job is not + completed. + + Job Retention: When a job enters one of the three terminal job + states: 'completed', 'canceled', or 'aborted', the IPP Printer + object MAY "retain" the job in a restartable condition for an + implementation-defined time period. This time period MAY be zero + seconds and MAY depend on the terminal job state. This phase is + called Job Retention. While in the Job Retention phase, the job's + document data is retained and a client may restart the job using the + Restart-Job operation. If the IPP object supports the Restart-Job + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 112] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + operation, then it SHOULD indicate that the job is restartable by + adding the 'job-restartable' value to the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute (see Section 4.3.8) during the Job Retention phase. + + Job History: After the Job Retention phase expires for a job, the + Printer object deletes the document data for the job and the job + becomes part of the Job History. The Printer object MAY also delete + any number of the job attributes. Since the job is no longer + restartable, the Printer object MUST remove the 'job-restartable' + value from the job's "job-state-reasons" attribute, if present. + + Job Removal: After the job has remained in the Job History for an + implementation-defined time, such as when the number of jobs exceeds + a fixed number or after a fixed time period (which MAY be zero + seconds), the IPP Printer removes the job from the system. + + Using the Get-Jobs operation and supplying the 'not-completed' value + for the "which-jobs" operation attribute, a client is requesting jobs + in the Job Not Completed phase. Using the Get-Jobs operation and + supplying the 'completed' value for the "which-jobs" operation + attribute, a client is requesting jobs in the Job Retention and Job + History phases. Using the Get-Job-Attributes operation, a client is + requesting a job in any phase except Job Removal. After Job Removal, + the Get-Job-Attributes and Get-Jobs operations no longer are capable + of returning any information about a job. + +4.3.8 job-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED attribute provides additional information about the + job's current state, i.e., information that augments the value of the + job's "job-state" attribute. + + These values MAY be used with any job state or states for which the + reason makes sense. Some of these value definitions indicate + conformance requirements; the rest are OPTIONAL. Furthermore, when + implemented, the Printer MUST return these values when the reason + applies and MUST NOT return them when the reason no longer applies + whether the value of the Job's "job-state" attribute changed or not. + When the Job does not have any reasons for being in its current + state, the value of the Job's "job-state-reasons" attribute MUST be + 'none'. + + Note: While values cannot be added to the 'job-state' attribute + without impacting deployed clients that take actions upon receiving + "job-state" values, it is the intent that additional "job-state- + reasons" values can be defined and registered without impacting such + deployed clients. In other words, the "job-state-reasons" attribute + is intended to be extensible. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 113] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following standard keyword values are defined. For ease of + understanding, the values are presented in the order in which the + reasons are likely to occur (if implemented), starting with the + 'job-incoming' value: + + 'none': There are no reasons for the job's current state. This + state reason is semantically equivalent to "job-state-reasons" + without any value and MUST be used when there is no other + value, since the 1setOf attribute syntax requires at least one + value. + 'job-incoming': Either (1) the Printer has accepted the Create- + Job operation and is expecting additional Send-Document and/or + Send-URI operations, or (2) the Printer is retrieving/accepting + document data as a result of a Print-Job, Print-URI, Send- + Document or Send-URI operation. + 'job-data-insufficient': The Create-Job operation has been + accepted by the Printer, but the Printer is expecting + additional document data before it can move the job into the + 'processing' state. If a Printer starts processing before it + has received all data, the Printer removes the 'job-data- + insufficient' reason, but the 'job-incoming' remains. If a + Printer starts processing after it has received all data, the + Printer removes the 'job-data-insufficient' reason and the + 'job-incoming' at the same time. + 'document-access-error': After accepting a Print-URI or Send-URI + request, the Printer could not access one or more documents + passed by reference. This reason is intended to cover any file + access problem, including file does not exist and access denied + because of an access control problem. The Printer MAY also + indicate the document access error using the "job-document- + access-errors" Job Description attribute (see section 4.3.11). + Whether the Printer aborts the job and moves the job to the + 'aborted' job state or prints all documents that are accessible + and moves the job to the 'completed' job state and adds the + 'completed-with-errors' value in the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute depends on implementation and/or site policy. This + value SHOULD be supported if the Print-URI or Send-URI + operations are supported. + 'submission-interrupted': The job was not completely submitted + for some unforeseen reason, such as: (1) the Printer has + crashed before the job was closed by the client, (2) the + Printer or the document transfer method has crashed in some + non-recoverable way before the document data was entirely + transferred to the Printer, (3) the client crashed or failed to + close the job before the time-out period. See section 4.4.31. + 'job-outgoing': The Printer is transmitting the job to the output + device. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 114] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'job-hold-until-specified': The value of the job's "job-hold- + until" attribute was specified with a time period that is still + in the future. The job MUST NOT be a candidate for processing + until this reason is removed and there are no other reasons to + hold the job. This value SHOULD be supported if the "job- + hold-until" Job Template attribute is supported. + 'resources-are-not-ready': At least one of the resources needed + by the job, such as media, fonts, resource objects, etc., is + not ready on any of the physical printer's for which the job is + a candidate. This condition MAY be detected when the job is + accepted, or subsequently while the job is pending or + processing, depending on implementation. The job may remain in + its current state or be moved to the 'pending-held' state, + depending on implementation and/or job scheduling policy. + 'printer-stopped-partly': The value of the Printer's "printer- + state-reasons" attribute contains the value 'stopped-partly'. + 'printer-stopped': The value of the Printer's "printer-state" + attribute is 'stopped'. + 'job-interpreting': Job is in the 'processing' state, but more + specifically, the Printer is interpreting the document data. + 'job-queued': Job is in the 'processing' state, but more + specifically, the Printer has queued the document data. + 'job-transforming': Job is in the 'processing' state, but more + specifically, the Printer is interpreting document data and + producing another electronic representation. + 'job-queued-for-marker': Job is in any of the 'pending-held', + 'pending', or 'processing' states, but more specifically, the + Printer has completed enough processing of the document to be + able to start marking and the job is waiting for the marker. + Systems that require human intervention to release jobs using + the Release-Job operation, put the job into the 'pending-held' + job state. Systems that automatically select a job to use the + marker put the job into the 'pending' job state or keep the + job in the 'processing' job state while waiting for the marker, + depending on implementation. All implementations put the job + into (or back into) the 'processing' state when marking does + begin. + 'job-printing': The output device is marking media. This value is + useful for Printers which spend a great deal of time processing + (1) when no marking is happening and then want to show that + marking is now happening or (2) when the job is in the process + of being canceled or aborted while the job remains in the + 'processing' state, but the marking has not yet stopped so that + impression or sheet counts are still increasing for the job. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 115] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'job-canceled-by-user': The job was canceled by the owner of the + job using the Cancel-Job request, i.e., by a user whose + authenticated identity is the same as the value of the + originating user that created the Job object, or by some other + authorized end-user, such as a member of the job owner's + security group. This value SHOULD be supported. + 'job-canceled-by-operator': The job was canceled by the operator + using the Cancel-Job request, i.e., by a user who has been + authenticated as having operator privileges (whether local or + remote). If the security policy is to allow anyone to cancel + anyone's job, then this value may be used when the job is + canceled by other than the owner of the job. For such a + security policy, in effect, everyone is an operator as far as + canceling jobs with IPP is concerned. This value SHOULD be + supported if the implementation permits canceling by other than + the owner of the job. + 'job-canceled-at-device': The job was canceled by an unidentified + local user, i.e., a user at a console at the device. This + value SHOULD be supported if the implementation supports + canceling jobs at the console. + 'aborted-by-system': The job (1) is in the process of being + aborted, (2) has been aborted by the system and placed in the + 'aborted' state, or (3) has been aborted by the system and + placed in the 'pending-held' state, so that a user or operator + can manually try the job again. This value SHOULD be + supported. + 'unsupported-compression': The job was aborted by the system + because the Printer determined while attempting to decompress + the document-data's that the compression is actually not among + those supported by the Printer. This value MUST be supported, + since "compressions is a REQUIRED operation attribute. + 'compression-error': The job was aborted by the system because the + Printer encountered an error in the document-data while + decompressing it. If the Printer posts this reason, the + document-data has already passed any tests that would have led + to the 'unsupported-compression' job-state-reason. + 'unsupported-document-format': The job was aborted by the system + because the document-data's document-format is not among those + supported by the Printer. If the client specifies the + document-format as 'application/octet-stream', the printer MAY + abort the job and post this reason even though the format is a + member of the "document-format-supported" printer attribute, + but not among the auto-sensed document-formats. This value + MUST be supported, since "document-format" is a REQUIRED + operation attribute. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 116] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'document-format-error': The job was aborted by the system because + the Printer encountered an error in the document-data while + processing it. If the Printer posts this reason, the + document-data has already passed any tests that would have led + to the 'unsupported-document-format' job-state-reason. + 'processing-to-stop-point': The requester has issued a Cancel-Job + operation or the Printer object has aborted the job, but is + still performing some actions on the job until a specified stop + point occurs or job termination/cleanup is completed. + + If the implementation requires some measurable time to cancel + the job in the 'processing' or 'processing-stopped' job states, + the IPP object MUST use this value to indicate that the Printer + object is still performing some actions on the job while the + job remains in the 'processing' or 'processing-stopped' state. + After all the job's job description attributes have stopped + incrementing, the Printer object moves the job from the + 'processing' state to the 'canceled' or + 'aborted' job states. + + 'service-off-line': The Printer is off-line and accepting no + jobs. All 'pending' jobs are put into the 'pending-held' + state. This situation could be true if the service's or + document transform's input is impaired or broken. + 'job-completed-successfully': The job completed successfully. + This value SHOULD be supported. + 'job-completed-with-warnings': The job completed with warnings. + This value SHOULD be supported if the implementation detects + warnings. + 'job-completed-with-errors': The job completed with errors (and + possibly warnings too). This value SHOULD be supported if the + implementation detects errors. + 'job-restartable' - This job is retained (see section 4.3.7.2) and + is currently able to be restarted using the Restart-Job + operation (see section 3.3.7). If 'job-restartable' is a value + of the job's 'job-state-reasons' attribute, then the IPP object + MUST accept a Restart-Job operation for that job. This value + SHOULD be supported if the Restart-Job operation is supported. + 'queued-in-device': The job has been forwarded to a device or + print system that is unable to send back status. The Printer + sets the job's "job-state " attribute to 'completed' and adds + the 'queued-in-device' value to the job's "job-state-reasons" + attribute to indicate that the Printer has no additional + information about the job and never will have any better + information. See section 4.3.7.1. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 117] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.9 job-state-message (text(MAX)) + + This attribute specifies information about the "job-state" and "job- + state-reasons" attributes in human readable text. If the Printer + object supports this attribute, the Printer object MUST be able to + generate this message in any of the natural languages identified by + the Printer's "generated-natural-language-supported" attribute (see + the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute specified in + Section 3.1.4.1). + + The value SHOULD NOT contain additional information not contained in + the values of the "job-state" and "job-states-reasons" attributes, + such as interpreter error information. Otherwise, application + programs might attempt to parse the (localized text). For such + additional information such as interpreter errors for application + program consumption or specific document access errors, new + attributes with keyword values, needs to be developed and registered. + +4.3.10 job-detailed-status-messages (1setOf text(MAX)) + + This attribute specifies additional detailed and technical + information about the job. The Printer NEED NOT localize the + message(s), since they are intended for use by the system + administrator or other experienced technical persons. Localization + might obscure the technical meaning of such messages. Clients MUST + NOT attempt to parse the value of this attribute. See "job- + document-access-errors" (section 4.3.11) for additional errors that a + program can process. + +4.3.11 job-document-access-errors (1setOf text(MAX)) + + This attribute provides additional information about each document + access error for this job encountered by the Printer after it + returned a response to the Print-URI or Send-URI operation and + subsequently attempted to access document(s) supplied in the Print- + URI or Send-URI operation. For errors in the protocol that is + identified by the URI scheme in the "document-uri" operation + attribute, such as 'http:' or 'ftp:', the error code is returned in + parentheses, followed by the URI. For example: + + (404) http://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/new_MOD/ipp-model-v11.pdf + + Most Internet protocols use decimal error codes (unlike IPP), so the + ASCII error code representation is in decimal. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 118] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.12 number-of-documents (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute indicates the number of documents in the job, i.e., + the number of Send-Document, Send-URI, Print-Job, or Print-URI + operations that the Printer has accepted for this job, regardless of + whether the document data has reached the Printer object or not. + + Implementations supporting the OPTIONAL Create-Job/Send- + Document/Send-URI operations SHOULD support this attribute so that + clients can query the number of documents in each job. + +4.3.13 output-device-assigned (name(127)) + + This attribute identifies the output device to which the Printer + object has assigned this job. If an output device implements an + embedded Printer object, the Printer object NEED NOT set this + attribute. If a print server implements a Printer object, the value + MAY be empty (zero- length string) or not returned until the Printer + object assigns an output device to the job. This attribute is + particularly useful when a single Printer object supports multiple + devices (so called "fan-out" - see section 2.1). + +4.3.14 Event Time Job Description Attributes + + This section defines the Job Description attributes that indicate the + time at which certain events occur for a job. If the job event has + not yet occurred, then the IPP object MUST return the 'no-value' + out-of-band value (see the beginning of Section 4.1). The "time-at- + xxx(integer)" attributes represent time as an 'integer' representing + the number of seconds since the device was powered up (informally + called "time ticks"). The "date-time-at-xxx(dateTime)" attributes + represent time as 'dateTime' representing date and time (including an + offset from UTC). + + In order to populate these attributes, the Printer object copies the + value(s) of the following Printer Description attributes at the time + the event occurs: + + 1. the value in the Printer's "printer-up-time" attribute for the + "time-at-xxx(integer)" attributes + + 2. the value in the Printer's "printer-current-time" attribute for + the "date-time-at-xxx(dateTime)" attributes. + + If the Printer resets its "printer-up-time" attribute to 1 on power- + up (see section 4.4.29) and has persistent jobs, then it MUST change + all of jobs' "time-at-xxx(integer)" (time tick) job attributes whose + events have occurred either to: + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 119] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 1. 0 to indicate that the event happened before the most recent + power up OR + + 2. the negative of the number of seconds before the most recent + power-up that the event took place, though the negative number + NEED NOT reflect the exact number of seconds. + + If a client queries a "time-at-xxx(integer)" time tick Job attribute + and finds the value to be 0 or negative, the client MUST assume that + the event occurred in some life other than the Printer's current + life. + + Note: A Printer does not change the values of any "date-time-at- + xxx(dateTime)" job attributes on power-up. + +4.3.14.1 time-at-creation (integer(MIN:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute indicates the time at which the Job object + was created. + +4.3.14.2 time-at-processing (integer(MIN:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute indicates the time at which the Job object + first began processing after the create operation or the most recent + Restart-Job operation. The out-of-band 'no-value' value is returned + if the job has not yet been in the 'processing' state (see the + beginning of Section 4.1). + +4.3.14.3 time-at-completed (integer(MIN:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED attribute indicates the time at which the Job object + completed (or was canceled or aborted). The out-of-band 'no-value' + value is returned if the job has not yet completed, been canceled, or + aborted (see the beginning of Section 4.1). + +4.3.14.4 job-printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED Job Description attribute indicates the amount of time + (in seconds) that the Printer implementation has been up and running. + This attribute is an alias for the "printer-up-time" Printer + Description attribute (see Section 4.4.29). + + A client MAY request this attribute in a Get-Job-Attributes or Get- + Jobs request and use the value returned in combination with other + requested Event Time Job Description Attributes in order to display + time attributes to a user. The difference between this attribute and + the 'integer' value of a "time-at-xxx" attribute is the number of + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 120] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + seconds ago that the "time-at-xxx" event occurred. A client can + compute the wall-clock time at which the "time-at-xxx" event occurred + by subtracting this difference from the client's wall-clock time. + +4.3.14.5 date-time-at-creation (dateTime) + + This attribute indicates the date and time at which the Job object + was created. + +4.3.14.6 date-time-at-processing (dateTime) + + This attribute indicates the date and time at which the Job object + first began processing after the create operation or the most recent + Restart-Job operation. + +4.3.14.7 date-time-at-completed (dateTime) + + This attribute indicates the date and time at which the Job object + completed (or was canceled or aborted). + +4.3.15 number-of-intervening-jobs (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute indicates the number of jobs that are "ahead" of this + job in the relative chronological order of expected time to complete + (i.e., the current scheduled order). For efficiency, it is only + necessary to calculate this value when an operation is performed that + requests this attribute. + +4.3.16 job-message-from-operator (text(127)) + + This attribute provides a message from an operator, system + administrator or "intelligent" process to indicate to the end user + the reasons for modification or other management action taken on a + job. + +4.3.17 Job Size Attributes + + This sub-section defines job attributes that describe the size of the + job. These attributes are not intended to be counters; they are + intended to be useful routing and scheduling information if known. + For these attributes, the Printer object may try to compute the value + if it is not supplied in the create request. Even if the client does + supply a value for these three attributes in the create request, the + Printer object MAY choose to change the value if the Printer object + is able to compute a value which is more accurate than the client + supplied value. The Printer object may be able to determine the + correct value for these attributes either right at job submission + time or at any later point in time. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 121] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.17.1 job-k-octets (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the total size of the document(s) in K + octets, i.e., in units of 1024 octets requested to be processed in + the job. The value MUST be rounded up, so that a job between 1 and + 1024 octets MUST be indicated as being 1, 1025 to 2048 MUST be 2, + etc. + + This value MUST NOT include the multiplicative factors contributed by + the number of copies specified by the "copies" attribute, independent + of whether the device can process multiple copies without making + multiple passes over the job or document data and independent of + whether the output is collated or not. Thus the value is independent + of the implementation and indicates the size of the document(s) + measured in K octets independent of the number of copies. + + This value MUST also not include the multiplicative factor due to a + copies instruction embedded in the document data. If the document + data actually includes replications of the document data, this value + will include such replication. In other words, this value is always + the size of the source document data, rather than a measure of the + hardcopy output to be produced. + +4.3.17.2 job-impressions (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the total size in number of impressions of + the document(s) being submitted (see the definition of impression in + section 12.2.5). + + As with "job-k-octets", this value MUST NOT include the + multiplicative factors contributed by the number of copies specified + by the "copies" attribute, independent of whether the device can + process multiple copies without making multiple passes over the job + or document data and independent of whether the output is collated or + not. Thus the value is independent of the implementation and + reflects the size of the document(s) measured in impressions + independent of the number of copies. + + As with "job-k-octets", this value MUST also not include the + multiplicative factor due to a copies instruction embedded in the + document data. If the document data actually includes replications + of the document data, this value will include such replication. In + other words, this value is always the number of impressions in the + source document data, rather than a measure of the number of + impressions to be produced by the job. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 122] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.17.3 job-media-sheets (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the total number of media sheets to be + produced for this job. + + Unlike the "job-k-octets" and the "job-impressions" attributes, this + value MUST include the multiplicative factors contributed by the + number of copies specified by the "copies" attribute and a 'number of + copies' instruction embedded in the document data, if any. This + difference allows the system administrator to control the lower and + upper bounds of both (1) the size of the document(s) with "job-k- + octets-supported" and "job-impressions-supported" and (2) the size of + the job with "job-media-sheets-supported". + +4.3.18 Job Progress Attributes + + This sub-section defines job attributes that describe the progress of + the job. These attributes are intended to be counters. That is, the + value for a job that has not started processing MUST be 0. When the + job's "job-state" is 'processing' or 'processing-stopped', this value + is intended to contain the amount of the job that has been processed + to the time at which the attributes are requested. When the job + enters the 'completed', 'canceled', or 'aborted' states, these values + are the final values for the job. + +4.3.18.1 job-k-octets-processed (integer(0:MAX)) + + This attribute specifies the total number of octets processed in K + octets, i.e., in units of 1024 octets so far. The value MUST be + rounded up, so that a job between 1 and 1024 octets inclusive MUST be + indicated as being 1, 1025 to 2048 inclusive MUST be 2, etc. + + For implementations where multiple copies are produced by the + interpreter with only a single pass over the data, the final value + MUST be equal to the value of the "job-k-octets" attribute. For + implementations where multiple copies are produced by the interpreter + by processing the data for each copy, the final value MUST be a + multiple of the value of the "job-k-octets" attribute. + +4.3.18.2 job-impressions-completed (integer(0:MAX)) + + This job attribute specifies the number of impressions completed for + the job so far. For printing devices, the impressions completed + includes interpreting, marking, and stacking the output. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 123] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.3.18.3 job-media-sheets-completed (integer(0:MAX)) + + This job attribute specifies the media-sheets completed marking and + stacking for the entire job so far whether those sheets have been + processed on one side or on both. + +4.3.19 attributes-charset (charset) + + This REQUIRED attribute is populated using the value in the client + supplied "attributes-charset" attribute in the create request. It + identifies the charset (coded character set and encoding method) used + by any Job attributes with attribute syntax 'text' and 'name' that + were supplied by the client in the create request. See Section 3.1.4 + for a complete description of the "attributes-charset" operation + attribute. + + This attribute does not indicate the charset in which the 'text' and + 'name' values are stored internally in the Job object. The internal + charset is implementation-defined. The IPP object MUST convert from + whatever the internal charset is to that being requested in an + operation as specified in Section 3.1.4. + +4.3.20 attributes-natural-language (naturalLanguage) + + This REQUIRED attribute is populated using the value in the client + supplied "attributes-natural-language" attribute in the create + request. It identifies the natural language used for any Job + attributes with attribute syntax 'text' and 'name' that were supplied + by the client in the create request. See Section 3.1.4 for a + complete description of the "attributes-natural-language" operation + attribute. See Sections 4.1.1.2 and 4.1.2.2 for how a Natural + Language Override may be supplied explicitly for each 'text' and + 'name' attribute value that differs from the value identified by the + "attributes-natural-language" attribute. + +4.4 Printer Description Attributes + + These attributes form the attribute group called "printer- + description". The following table summarizes these attributes, their + syntax, and whether or not they are REQUIRED for a Printer object to + support. If they are not indicated as REQUIRED, they are OPTIONAL. + The maximum size in octets for 'text' and 'name' attributes is + indicated in parenthesizes. + + Note: How these attributes are set by an Administrator is outside the + scope of this IPP/1.1 document. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 124] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | Attribute | Syntax | REQUIRED? | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-uri-supported | 1setOf uri | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | uri-security-supported | 1setOf type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | uri-authentication- | 1setOf type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + | supported | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-name | name (127) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-location | text (127) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-info | text (127) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-more-info | uri | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-driver-installer | uri | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-make-and-model | text (127) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-more-info- | uri | | + | manufacturer | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-state | type1 enum | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-state-reasons | 1setOf type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-state-message | text (MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | ipp-versions-supported | 1setOf type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | operations-supported | 1setOf type2 enum | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | multiple-document-jobs- | boolean | | + | supported | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | charset-configured | charset | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | charset-supported | 1setOf charset | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | natural-language-configured| naturalLanguage | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | generated-natural-language-| 1setOf naturalLanguage | REQUIRED | + | supported | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | document-format-default | mimeMediaType | REQUIRED | + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 125] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | document-format-supported | 1setOf mimeMediaType | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-is-accepting-jobs | boolean | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | queued-job-count | integer (0:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-message-from- | text (127) | | + | operator | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | color-supported | boolean | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | reference-uri-schemes- | 1setOf uriScheme | | + | supported | | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | pdl-override-supported | type2 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-up-time | integer (1:MAX) | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | printer-current-time | dateTime | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | multiple-operation-time-out| integer (1:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | compression-supported | 1setOf type3 keyword | REQUIRED | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | job-k-octets-supported | rangeOfInteger (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | job-impressions-supported | rangeOfInteger (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | job-media-sheets-supported | rangeOfInteger (0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | pages-per-minute | integer(0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + | pages-per-minute-color | integer(0:MAX) | | + +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+ + +4.4.1 printer-uri-supported (1setOf uri) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute contains at least one URI for the + Printer object. It OPTIONALLY contains more than one URI for the + Printer object. An administrator determines a Printer object's + URI(s) and configures this attribute to contain those URIs by some + means outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. The precise format + of this URI is implementation dependent and depends on the protocol. + See the next two sections for a description of the "uri-security- + supported" and "uri-authentication-supported" attributes, both of + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 126] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + which are the REQUIRED companion attributes to this "printer-uri- + supported" attribute. See section 2.4 on Printer object identity and + section 8.2 on security and URIs for more information. + +4.4.2 uri-authentication-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute MUST have the same cardinality + (contain the same number of values) as the "printer-uri-supported" + attribute. This attribute identifies the Client Authentication + mechanism associated with each URI listed in the "printer-uri- + supported" attribute. The Printer object uses the specified mechanism + to identify the authenticated user (see section 8.3). The "i th" + value in "uri-authentication-supported" corresponds to the "i th" + value in "printer-uri-supported" and it describes the authentication + mechanisms used by the Printer when accessed via that URI. See + [RFC2910] for more details on Client Authentication. + + The following standard keyword values are defined: + + 'none': There is no authentication mechanism associated with the + URI. The Printer object assumes that the authenticated user is + "anonymous". + 'requesting-user-name': When a client performs an operation whose + target is the associated URI, the Printer object assumes that + the authenticated user is specified by the "requesting-user- + name" Operation attribute (see section 8.3). If the + "requesting-user-name" attribute is absent in a request, the + Printer object assumes that the authenticated user is + "anonymous". + 'basic': When a client performs an operation whose target is the + associated URI, the Printer object challenges the client with + HTTP basic authentication [RFC2617]. The Printer object assumes + that the authenticated user is the name received via the basic + authentication mechanism. + 'digest': When a client performs an operation whose target is the + associated URI, the Printer object challenges the client with + HTTP digest authentication [RFC2617]. The Printer object + assumes that the authenticated user is the name received via + the digest authentication mechanism. + 'certificate': When a client performs an operation whose target is + the associated URI, the Printer object expects the client to + provide a certificate. The Printer object assumes that the + authenticated user is the textual name contained within the + certificate. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 127] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.4.3 uri-security-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute MUST have the same cardinality + (contain the same number of values) as the "printer-uri-supported" + attribute. This attribute identifies the security mechanisms used + for each URI listed in the "printer-uri-supported" attribute. The "i + th" value in "uri-security-supported" corresponds to the "i th" value + in "printer-uri-supported" and it describes the security mechanisms + used for accessing the Printer object via that URI. See [RFC2910] + for more details on security mechanisms. + + The following standard keyword values are defined: + + 'none': There are no secure communication channel protocols in use + for the given URI. + 'ssl3': SSL3 [SSL] is the secure communications channel protocol + in use for the given URI. + 'tls': TLS [RFC2246] is the secure communications channel + protocol in use for the given URI. + + This attribute is orthogonal to the definition of a Client + Authentication mechanism. Specifically, 'none' does not exclude + Client Authentication. See section 4.4.2. + + Consider the following example. For a single Printer object, an + administrator configures the "printer-uri-supported", "uri- + authentication-supported" and "uri-security-supported" attributes as + follows: + + "printer-uri-supported": 'xxx://acme.com/open-use-printer', + 'xxx://acme.com/restricted-use-printer', + 'xxx://acme.com/private-printer' + "uri-authentication-supported": 'none', 'digest', 'basic' + "uri-security-supported": 'none', 'none', 'tls' + + Note: 'xxx' is not a valid scheme. See the IPP/1.1 "Transport and + Encoding" document [RFC2910] for the actual URI schemes to be used in + object target attributes. + + In this case, one Printer object has three URIs. + + - For the first URI, 'xxx://acme.com/open-use-printer', the value + 'none' in "uri-security-supported" indicates that there is no + secure channel protocol configured to run under HTTP. The value + of 'none' in "uri-authentication-supported" indicates that all + users are 'anonymous'. There will be no challenge and the + Printer will ignore "requesting-user-name". + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 128] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - For the second URI, 'xxx://acme.com/restricted-use-printer', the + value 'none' in "uri-security-supported" indicates that there is + no secure channel protocol configured to run under HTTP. The + value of 'digest' in "uri-authentication-supported" indicates + that the Printer will issue a challenge and that the Printer + will use the name supplied by the digest mechanism to determine + the authenticated user (see section 8.3). + - For the third URI, 'xxx://acme.com/private-printer', the value + 'tls' in "uri-security-supported" indicates that TLS is being + used to secure the channel. The client SHOULD be prepared to + use TLS framing to negotiate an acceptable ciphersuite to use + while communicating with the Printer object. In this case, the + name implies the use of a secure communications channel, but the + fact is made explicit by the presence of the 'tls' value in + "uri-security-supported". The client does not need to resort to + understanding which security it must use by following naming + conventions or by parsing the URI to determine which security + mechanisms are implied. The value of 'basic' in "uri- + authentication-supported" indicates that the Printer will issue + a challenge and that the Printer will use the name supplied by + the digest mechanism to determine the authenticated user (see + section 8.3). Because this challenge occurs in a tls session, + the channel is secure. + + It is expected that many IPP Printer objects will be configured to + support only one channel (either configured to use TLS access or not) + and only one authentication mechanism. Such Printer objects only have + one URI listed in the "printer-uri-supported" attribute. No matter + the configuration of the Printer object (whether it has only one URI + or more than one URI), a client MUST supply only one URI in the + target "printer-uri" operation attribute. + +4.4.4 printer-name (name(127)) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute contains the name of the Printer + object. It is a name that is more end-user friendly than a URI. An + administrator determines a printer's name and sets this attribute to + that name. This name may be the last part of the printer's URI or it + may be unrelated. In non-US-English locales, a name may contain + characters that are not allowed in a URI. + +4.4.5 printer-location (text(127)) + + This Printer attribute identifies the location of the device. This + could include things like: "in Room 123A, second floor of building + XYZ". + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 129] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.4.6 printer-info (text(127)) + + This Printer attribute identifies the descriptive information about + this Printer object. This could include things like: "This printer + can be used for printing color transparencies for HR presentations", + or "Out of courtesy for others, please print only small (1-5 page) + jobs at this printer", or even "This printer is going away on July 1, + 1997, please find a new printer". + +4.4.7 printer-more-info (uri) + + This Printer attribute contains a URI used to obtain more information + about this specific Printer object. For example, this could be an + HTTP type URI referencing an HTML page accessible to a Web Browser. + The information obtained from this URI is intended for end user + consumption. Features outside the scope of IPP can be accessed from + this URI. The information is intended to be specific to this printer + instance and site specific services (e.g. job pricing, services + offered, end user assistance). The device manufacturer may initially + populate this attribute. + +4.4.8 printer-driver-installer (uri) + + This Printer attribute contains a URI to use to locate the driver + installer for this Printer object. This attribute is intended for + consumption by automata. The mechanics of print driver installation + is outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. The device + manufacturer may initially populate this attribute. + +4.4.9 printer-make-and-model (text(127)) + + This Printer attribute identifies the make and model of the device. + The device manufacturer may initially populate this attribute. + +4.4.10 printer-more-info-manufacturer (uri) + + This Printer attribute contains a URI used to obtain more information + about this type of device. The information obtained from this URI is + intended for end user consumption. Features outside the scope of IPP + can be accessed from this URI (e.g., latest firmware, upgrades, print + drivers, optional features available, details on color support). The + information is intended to be germane to this printer without regard + to site specific modifications or services. The device manufacturer + may initially populate this attribute. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 130] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.4.11 printer-state (type1 enum) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the current state of the + device. The "printer-state reasons" attribute augments the + "printer-state" attribute to give more detailed information about the + Printer in the given printer state. + + A Printer object need only update this attribute before responding to + an operation which requests the attribute; the Printer object NEED + NOT update this attribute continually, since asynchronous event + notification is not part of IPP/1.1. A Printer NEED NOT implement + all values if they are not applicable to a given implementation. + + The following standard enum values are defined: + + Value Symbolic Name and Description + + '3' 'idle': Indicates that new jobs can start processing without + waiting. + '4' 'processing': Indicates that jobs are processing; new jobs + will wait before processing. + '5' 'stopped': Indicates that no jobs can be processed and + intervention is required. + + Values of "printer-state-reasons", such as 'spool-area-full' and + 'stopped-partly', MAY be used to provide further information. + +4.4.12 printer-state-reasons (1setOf type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute supplies additional detail about the + device's state. Some of the these value definitions indicate + conformance requirements; the rest are OPTIONAL. + + Each keyword value MAY have a suffix to indicate its level of + severity. The three levels are: report (least severe), warning, and + error (most severe). + + - '-report': This suffix indicates that the reason is a "report". + An implementation may choose to omit some or all reports. Some + reports specify finer granularity about the printer state; + others serve as a precursor to a warning. A report MUST contain + nothing that could affect the printed output. + - '-warning': This suffix indicates that the reason is a + "warning". An implementation may choose to omit some or all + warnings. Warnings serve as a precursor to an error. A warning + MUST contain nothing that prevents a job from completing, though + in some cases the output may be of lower quality. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 131] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - '-error': This suffix indicates that the reason is an "error". + An implementation MUST include all errors. If this attribute + contains one or more errors, printer MUST be in the stopped + state. + + If the implementation does not add any one of the three suffixes, all + parties MUST assume that the reason is an "error". + + If a Printer object controls more than one output device, each value + of this attribute MAY apply to one or more of the output devices. An + error on one output device that does not stop the Printer object as a + whole MAY appear as a warning in the Printer's "printer-state-reasons + attribute". If the "printer-state" for such a Printer has a value of + 'stopped', then there MUST be an error reason among the values in the + "printer-state-reasons" attribute. + + The following standard keyword values are defined: + + 'other': The device has detected an error other than one listed in + this document. + 'none': There are not reasons. This state reason is semantically + equivalent to "printer-state-reasons" without any value and + MUST be used, since the 1setOf attribute syntax requires at + least one value. + 'media-needed': A tray has run out of media. + 'media-jam': The device has a media jam. + 'moving-to-paused': Someone has paused the Printer object using + the Pause-Printer operation (see section 3.2.7) or other means, + but the device(s) are taking an appreciable time to stop. + Later, when all output has stopped, the "printer-state" becomes + 'stopped', and the 'paused' value replaces the 'moving-to- + paused' value in the "printer-state-reasons" attribute. This + value MUST be supported, if the Pause-Printer operation is + supported and the implementation takes significant time to + pause a device in certain circumstances. + 'paused': Someone has paused the Printer object using the Pause- + Printer operation (see section 3.2.7) or other means and the + Printer object's "printer-state" is 'stopped'. In this state, + a Printer MUST NOT produce printed output, but it MUST perform + other operations requested by a client. If a Printer had been + printing a job when the Printer was paused, the Printer MUST + resume printing that job when the Printer is no longer paused + and leave no evidence in the printed output of such a pause. + This value MUST be supported, if the Pause-Printer operation is + supported. + 'shutdown': Someone has removed a Printer object from service, and + the device may be powered down or physically removed. In this + state, a Printer object MUST NOT produce printed output, and + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 132] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + unless the Printer object is realized by a print server that is + still active, the Printer object MUST perform no other + operations requested by a client, including returning this + value. If a Printer object had been printing a job when it was + shutdown, the Printer NEED NOT resume printing that job when + the Printer is no longer shutdown. If the Printer resumes + printing such a job, it may leave evidence in the printed + output of such a shutdown, e.g. the part printed before the + shutdown may be printed a second time after the shutdown. + 'connecting-to-device': The Printer object has scheduled a job on + the output device and is in the process of connecting to a + shared network output device (and might not be able to actually + start printing the job for an arbitrarily long time depending + on the usage of the output device by other servers on the + network). + 'timed-out': The server was able to connect to the output device + (or is always connected), but was unable to get a response from + the output device. + 'stopping': The Printer object is in the process of stopping the + device and will be stopped in a while. When the device is + stopped, the Printer object will change the Printer object's + state to 'stopped'. The 'stopping-warning' reason is never an + error, even for a Printer with a single output device. When an + output-device ceases accepting jobs, the Printer will have this + reason while the output device completes printing. + 'stopped-partly': When a Printer object controls more than one + output device, this reason indicates that one or more output + devices are stopped. If the reason is a report, fewer than + half of the output devices are stopped. If the reason is a + warning, fewer than all of the output devices are stopped. + 'toner-low': The device is low on toner. + 'toner-empty': The device is out of toner. + 'spool-area-full': The limit of persistent storage allocated for + spooling has been reached. The Printer is temporarily unable + to accept more jobs. The Printer will remove this value when + it is able to accept more jobs. This value SHOULD be used by a + non-spooling Printer that only accepts one or a small number + jobs at a time or a spooling Printer that has filled the spool + space. + 'cover-open': One or more covers on the device are open. + 'interlock-open': One or more interlock devices on the printer are + unlocked. + 'door-open': One or more doors on the device are open. + 'input-tray-missing': One or more input trays are not in the + device. + 'media-low': At least one input tray is low on media. + 'media-empty': At least one input tray is empty. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 133] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'output-tray-missing': One or more output trays are not in the + device + 'output-area-almost-full': One or more output area is almost full + (e.g. tray, stacker, collator). + 'output-area-full': One or more output area is full. (e.g. tray, + stacker, collator) + 'marker-supply-low': The device is low on at least one marker + supply. (e.g. toner, ink, ribbon) + 'marker-supply-empty: The device is out of at least one marker + supply. (e.g. toner, ink, ribbon) + 'marker-waste-almost-full': The device marker supply waste + receptacle is almost full. + 'marker-waste-full': The device marker supply waste receptacle is + full. + 'fuser-over-temp': The fuser temperature is above normal. + 'fuser-under-temp': The fuser temperature is below normal. + 'opc-near-eol': The optical photo conductor is near end of life. + 'opc-life-over': The optical photo conductor is no longer + functioning. + 'developer-low': The device is low on developer. + 'developer-empty: The device is out of developer. + 'interpreter-resource-unavailable': An interpreter resource is + unavailable (i.e. font, form) + +4.4.13 printer-state-message (text(MAX)) + + This Printer attribute specifies information about the "printer- + state" and "printer-state-reasons" attributes in human readable text. + If the Printer object supports this attribute, the Printer object + MUST be able to generate this message in any of the natural languages + identified by the Printer's "generated-natural-language-supported" + attribute (see the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute + specified in Section 3.1.4.1). + +4.4.14 ipp-versions-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED attribute identifies the IPP protocol version(s) that + this Printer supports, including major and minor versions, i.e., the + version numbers for which this Printer implementation meets the + conformance requirements. For version number validation, the Printer + matches the (two-octet binary) "version-number" parameter supplied by + the client in each request (see sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.8) with the + (US-ASCII) keyword values of this attribute. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 134] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following standard keyword values are defined: + + '1.0': Meets the conformance requirement of IPP version 1.0 as + specified in RFC 2566 [RFC2566] and RFC 2565 [RFC2565] + including any extensions registered according to Section 6 and + any extension defined in this version or any future version of + the IPP "Model and Semantics" document or the IPP "Encoding and + Transport" document following the rules, if any, when the + "version-number" parameter is '1.0'. + '1.1': Meets the conformance requirement of IPP version 1.1 as + specified in this document and [RFC2910] including any + extensions registered according to Section 6 and any extension + defined in any future versions of the IPP "Model and Semantics" + document or the IPP Encoding and Transport document following + the rules, if any, when the "version-number" parameter is + '1.1'. + +4.4.15 operations-supported (1setOf type2 enum) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute specifies the set of supported + operations for this Printer object and contained Job objects. + + This attribute is encoded as any other enum attribute syntax + according to [RFC2910] as 32-bits. However, all 32-bit enum values + for this attribute MUST NOT exceed 0x00008FFF, since these same + values are also passed in two octets in the "operation-id" parameter + (see section 3.1.1) in each Protocol request with the two high order + octets omitted in order to indicate the operation being performed + [RFC2910]. + + The following standard enum and "operation-id" (see section 3.1.2) + values are defined: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 135] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Value Operation Name + ----------------- ------------------------------------- + + 0x0000 reserved, not used + 0x0001 reserved, not used + 0x0002 Print-Job + 0x0003 Print-URI + 0x0004 Validate-Job + 0x0005 Create-Job + 0x0006 Send-Document + 0x0007 Send-URI + 0x0008 Cancel-Job + 0x0009 Get-Job-Attributes + 0x000A Get-Jobs + 0x000B Get-Printer-Attributes + 0x000C Hold-Job + 0x000D Release-Job + 0x000E Restart-Job + 0x000F reserved for a future operation + 0x0010 Pause-Printer + 0x0011 Resume-Printer + 0x0012 Purge-Jobs + 0x0013-0x3FFF reserved for future IETF standards track + operations (see section 6.4) + 0x4000-0x8FFF reserved for vendor extensions (see section 6.4) + +4.4.16 multiple-document-jobs-supported (boolean) + + This Printer attribute indicates whether or not the Printer supports + more than one document per job, i.e., more than one Send-Document or + Send-Data operation with document data. If the Printer supports the + Create-Job and Send-Document operations (see section 3.2.4 and + 3.3.1), it MUST support this attribute. + +4.4.17 charset-configured (charset) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the charset that the + Printer object has been configured to represent 'text' and 'name' + Printer attributes that are set by the operator, system + administrator, or manufacturer, i.e., for "printer-name" (name), + "printer-location" (text), "printer-info" (text), and "printer-make- + and-model" (text). Therefore, the value of the Printer object's + "charset-configured" attribute MUST also be among the values of the + Printer object's "charset-supported" attribute. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 136] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.4.18 charset-supported (1setOf charset) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the set of charsets that + the Printer and contained Job objects support in attributes with + attribute syntax 'text' and 'name'. At least the value 'utf-8' MUST + be present, since IPP objects MUST support the UTF-8 [RFC2279] + charset. If a Printer object supports a charset, it means that for + all attributes of syntax 'text' and 'name' the IPP object MUST (1) + accept the charset in requests and return the charset in responses as + needed. + + If more charsets than UTF-8 are supported, the IPP object MUST + perform charset conversion between the charsets as described in + Section 3.1.4.2. + +4.4.19 natural-language-configured (naturalLanguage) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the natural language that + the Printer object has been configured to represent 'text' and 'name' + Printer attributes that are set by the operator, system + administrator, or manufacturer, i.e., for "printer-name" (name), + "printer-location" (text), "printer-info" (text), and "printer-make- + and-model" (text). When returning these Printer attributes, the + Printer object MAY return them in the configured natural language + specified by this attribute, instead of the natural language + requested by the client in the "attributes-natural-language" + operation attribute. See Section 3.1.4.1 for the specification of + the OPTIONAL multiple natural language support. Therefore, the value + of the Printer object's "natural-language-configured" attribute MUST + also be among the values of the Printer object's "generated-natural- + language-supported" attribute. + +4.4.20 generated-natural-language-supported (1setOf naturalLanguage) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the natural language(s) + that the Printer object and contained Job objects support in + attributes with attribute syntax 'text' and 'name'. The natural + language(s) supported depends on implementation and/or configuration. + Unlike charsets, IPP objects MUST accept requests with any natural + language or any Natural Language Override whether the natural + language is supported or not. + + If a Printer object supports a natural language, it means that for + any of the attributes for which the Printer or Job object generates + messages, i.e., for the "job-state-message" and "printer-state- + message" attributes and Operation Messages (see Section 3.1.5) in + operation responses, the Printer and Job objects MUST be able to + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 137] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + generate messages in any of the Printer's supported natural + languages. See section 3.1.4 for the definition of 'text' and 'name' + attributes in operation requests and responses. + + Note: A Printer object that supports multiple natural languages, + often has separate catalogs of messages, one for each natural + language supported. + +4.4.21 document-format-default (mimeMediaType) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the document format that + the Printer object has been configured to assume if the client does + not supply a "document-format" operation attribute in any of the + operation requests that supply document data. The standard values + for this attribute are Internet Media types (sometimes called MIME + types). For further details see the description of the + 'mimeMediaType' attribute syntax in Section 4.1.9. + +4.4.22 document-format-supported (1setOf mimeMediaType) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the set of document + formats that the Printer object and contained Job objects can + support. For further details see the description of the + 'mimeMediaType' attribute syntax in Section 4.1.9. + +4.4.23 printer-is-accepting-jobs (boolean) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute indicates whether the printer is + currently able to accept jobs, i.e., is accepting Print-Job, Print- + URI, and Create-Job requests. If the value is 'true', the printer is + accepting jobs. If the value is 'false', the Printer object is + currently rejecting any jobs submitted to it. In this case, the + Printer object returns the 'server-error-not-accepting-jobs' status + code. + + This value is independent of the "printer-state" and "printer-state- + reasons" attributes because its value does not affect the current + job; rather it affects future jobs. This attribute, when 'false', + causes the Printer to reject jobs even when the "printer-state" is + 'idle' or, when 'true', causes the Printer object to accepts jobs + even when the "printer-state" is 'stopped'. + +4.4.24 queued-job-count (integer(0:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute contains a count of the number of + jobs that are either 'pending', 'processing', 'pending-held', or + 'processing-stopped' and is set by the Printer object. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 138] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +4.4.25 printer-message-from-operator (text(127)) + + This Printer attribute provides a message from an operator, system + administrator or "intelligent" process to indicate to the end user + information or status of the printer, such as why it is unavailable + or when it is expected to be available. + +4.4.26 color-supported (boolean) + + This Printer attribute identifies whether the device is capable of + any type of color printing at all, including highlight color. All + document instructions having to do with color are embedded within the + document PDL (none are external IPP attributes in IPP/1.1). + + Note: end-users are able to determine the nature and details of the + color support by querying the "printer-more-info-manufacturer" + Printer attribute. + +4.4.27 reference-uri-schemes-supported (1setOf uriScheme) + + This Printer attribute specifies which URI schemes are supported for + use in the "document-uri" operation attribute of the Print-URI or + Send-URI operation. If a Printer object supports these optional + operations, it MUST support the "reference-uri-schemes-supported" + Printer attribute with at least the following schemed URI value: + + 'ftp': The Printer object will use an FTP 'get' operation as + defined in RFC 2228 [RFC2228] using FTP URLs as defined by + [RFC2396] and [RFC2316]. + + The Printer object MAY OPTIONALLY support other URI schemes (see + section 4.1.6). + +4.4.28 pdl-override-supported (type2 keyword) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute expresses the ability for a + particular Printer implementation to either attempt to override + document data instructions with IPP attributes or not. + + This attribute takes on the following keyword values: + + - 'attempted': This value indicates that the Printer object + attempts to make the IPP attribute values take precedence over + embedded instructions in the document data, however there is no + guarantee. + - 'not-attempted': This value indicates that the Printer object + makes no attempt to make the IPP attribute values take + precedence over embedded instructions in the document data. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 139] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Section 15 contains a full description of how this attribute + interacts with and affects other IPP attributes, especially the + "ipp-attribute-fidelity" attribute. + +4.4.29 printer-up-time (integer(1:MAX)) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute indicates the amount of time (in + seconds) that this Printer instance has been up and running. The + value is a monotonically increasing value starting from 1 when the + Printer object is started-up (initialized, booted, etc.). This value + is used to populate the Event Time Job Description Job attributes + "time-at-creation", "time-at-processing", and "time-at-completed" + (see section 4.3.14). + + If the Printer object goes down at some value 'n', and comes back up, + the implementation MAY: + + 1. Know how long it has been down, and resume at some value + greater than 'n', or + 2. Restart from 1. + + In other words, if the device or devices that the Printer object is + representing are restarted or power cycled, the Printer object MAY + continue counting this value or MAY reset this value to 1 depending + on implementation. However, if the Printer object software ceases + running, and restarts without knowing the last value for "printer- + up-time", the implementation MUST reset this value to 1. If this + value is reset and the Printer has persistent jobs, the Printer MUST + reset the "time-at-xxx(integer) Event Time Job Description attributes + according to Section 4.3.14. An implementation MAY use both + implementation alternatives, depending on warm versus cold start, + respectively. + +4.4.30 printer-current-time (dateTime) + + This Printer attribute indicates the current date and time. This + value is used to populate the Event Time Job Description attributes: + "date-time-at-creation", "date-time-at-processing", and "date-time- + at-completed" (see Section 4.3.14). + + The date and time is obtained on a "best efforts basis" and does not + have to be that precise in order to work in practice. A Printer + implementation sets the value of this attribute by obtaining the date + and time via some implementation-dependent means, such as getting the + value from a network time server, initialization at time of + manufacture, or setting by an administrator. See [IPP-IIG] for + examples. If an implementation supports this attribute and the + implementation knows that it has not yet been set, then the + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 140] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + implementation MUST return the value of this attribute using the + out-of-band 'no-value' meaning not configured. See the beginning of + section 4.1. + + The time zone of this attribute NEED NOT be the time zone used by + people located near the Printer object or device. The client MUST + NOT expect that the time zone of any received 'dateTime' value to be + in the time zone of the client or in the time zone of the people + located near the printer. + + The client SHOULD display any dateTime attributes to the user in + client local time by converting the 'dateTime' value returned by the + server to the time zone of the client, rather than using the time + zone returned by the Printer in attributes that use the 'dateTime' + attribute syntax. + +4.4.31 multiple-operation-time-out (integer(1:MAX)) + + This Printer attributes identifies the minimum time (in seconds) that + the Printer object waits for additional Send-Document or Send-URI + operations to follow a still-open Job object before taking any + recovery actions, such as the ones indicated in section 3.3.1. If + the Printer object supports the Create-Job and Send-Document + operations (see section 3.2.4 and 3.3.1), it MUST support this + attribute. + + It is RECOMMENDED that vendors supply a value for this attribute that + is between 60 and 240 seconds. An implementation MAY allow a system + administrator to set this attribute (by means outside this IPP/1.1 + document). If so, the system administrator MAY be able to set values + outside this range. + +4.4.32 compression-supported (1setOf type3 keyword) + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute identifies the set of supported + compression algorithms for document data. Compression only applies + to the document data; compression does not apply to the encoding of + the IPP operation itself. The supported values are used to validate + the client supplied "compression" operation attributes in Print-Job, + Send-Document, and Send-URI requests. + + Standard keyword values are : + + 'none': no compression is used. + 'deflate': ZIP public domain inflate/deflate) compression technology + in RFC 1951 [RFC1951] + 'gzip' GNU zip compression technology described in RFC 1952 + [RFC1952]. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 141] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'compress': UNIX compression technology in RFC 1977 [RFC1977] + +4.4.33 job-k-octets-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) + + This Printer attribute specifies the upper and lower bounds of total + sizes of jobs in K octets, i.e., in units of 1024 octets. The + supported values are used to validate the client supplied "job-k- + octets" operation attributes in create requests. The corresponding + job description attribute "job-k-octets" is defined in section + 4.3.17.1. + +4.4.34 job-impressions-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) + + This Printer attribute specifies the upper and lower bounds for the + number of impressions per job. The supported values are used to + validate the client supplied "job-impressions" operation attributes + in create requests. The corresponding job description attribute + "job-impressions" is defined in section 4.3.17.2. + +4.4.35 job-media-sheets-supported (rangeOfInteger(0:MAX)) + + This Printer attribute specifies the upper and lower bounds for the + number of media sheets per job. The supported values are used to + validate the client supplied "job-media-sheets" operation attributes + in create requests. The corresponding Job attribute "job-media- + sheets" is defined in section 4.3.17.3. + +4.4.36 pages-per-minute (integer(0:MAX)) + + This Printer attributes specifies the nominal number of pages per + minute to the nearest whole number which may be generated by this + printer (e.g., simplex, black-and-white). This attribute is + informative, not a service guarantee. Generally, it is the value + used in the marketing literature to describe the device. + + A value of 0 indicates a device that takes more than two minutes to + process a page. + +4.4.37 pages-per-minute-color (integer(0:MAX)) + + This Printer attributes specifies the nominal number of pages per + minute to the nearest whole number which may be generated by this + printer when printing color (e.g., simplex, color). For purposes of + this attribute, "color" means the same as for the "color-supported" + attribute, namely, the device is capable of any type of color + printing at all, including highlight color. This attribute is + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 142] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + informative, not a service guarantee. Generally, it is the value + used in the marketing literature to describe the color capabilities + of this device. + + A value of 0 indicates a device that takes more than two minutes to + process a page. + + If a color device has several color modes, it MAY use the pages-per- + minute value for this attribute that corresponds to the mode that + produces the highest number. + + Black and white only printers MUST NOT support this attribute. If + this attribute is present, then the "color-supported" Printer + description attribute MUST be present and have a 'true' value. + + The values of these two attributes returned by the Get-Printer- + Attributes operation MAY be affected by the "document-format" + attribute supplied by the client in the Get-Printer-Attributes + request. In other words, the implementation MAY have different + speeds depending on the document format being processed. See section + 3.2.5.1 Get-Printer-Attributes. + +5. Conformance + + This section describes conformance issues and requirements. This + document introduces model entities such as objects, operations, + attributes, attribute syntaxes, and attribute values. These + conformance sections describe the conformance requirements which + apply to these model entities. + +5.1 Client Conformance Requirements + + This section describes the conformance requirements for a client (see + section 2.1), whether it be: + + 1. contained within software controlled by an end user, e.g. + activated by the "Print" menu item in an application that sends + IPP requests or + + 2. the print server component that sends IPP requests to either an + output device or another "downstream" print server. + + A conforming client MUST support all REQUIRED operations as defined + in this document. For each attribute included in an operation + request, a conforming client MUST supply a value whose type and value + syntax conforms to the requirements of the Model document as + specified in Sections 3 and 4. A conforming client MAY supply any + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 143] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + IETF standards track extensions and/or vendor extensions in an + operation request, as long as the extensions meet the requirements in + Section 6. + + Otherwise, there are no conformance requirements placed on the user + interfaces provided by IPP clients or their applications. For + example, one application might not allow an end user to submit + multiple documents per job, while another does. One application + might first query a Printer object in order to supply a graphical + user interface (GUI) dialogue box with supported and default values + whereas a different implementation might not. + + When sending a request, an IPP client NEED NOT supply any attributes + that are indicated as OPTIONALLY supplied by the client. + + A client MUST be able to accept any of the attribute syntaxes defined + in Section 4.1, including their full range, that may be returned to + it in a response from a Printer object. In particular for each + attribute that the client supports whose attribute syntax is 'text', + the client MUST accept and process both the 'textWithoutLanguage' and + 'textWithLanguage' forms. Similarly, for each attribute that the + client supports whose attribute syntax is 'name', the client MUST + accept and process both the 'nameWithoutLanguage' and + 'nameWithLanguage' forms. For presentation purposes, truncation of + long attribute values is not recommended. A recommended approach + would be for the client implementation to allow the user to scroll + through long attribute values. + + A response MAY contain attribute groups, attributes, attribute + syntaxes, values, and status codes that the client does not expect. + Therefore, a client implementation MUST gracefully handle such + responses and not refuse to inter-operate with a conforming Printer + that is returning IETF standards track extension or vendor + extensions, including attribute groups, attributes, attribute + syntaxes, attribute values, status codes, and out-of-band attribute + values that conform to Section 6. Clients may choose to ignore any + parameters, attribute groups, attributes, attribute syntaxes, or + values that they do not understand. + + While a client is sending data to a printer, it SHOULD do its best to + prevent a channel from being closed by a lower layer when the channel + is blocked (i.e. flow-controlled off) for whatever reason, e.g. 'out + of paper' or 'job ahead hasn't freed up enough memory'. However, the + layer that launched the print submission (e.g. an end user) MAY close + the channel in order to cancel the job. When a client closes a + channel, a Printer MAY print all or part of the received portion of + the document. See the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] + for more details. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 144] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + A client MUST support Client Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 + Encoding and Transport document [RFC2910]. A client SHOULD support + Operation Privacy and Server Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 + Encoding and Transport document [RFC2910]. See also section 8 of + this document. + +5.2 IPP Object Conformance Requirements + + This section specifies the conformance requirements for conforming + implementations of IPP objects (see section 2). These requirements + apply to an IPP object whether it is: + + (1) an (embedded) device component that accepts IPP requests and + controls the device or + + (2) a component of a print server that accepts IPP requests (where + the print server control one or more networked devices using IPP or + other protocols). + +5.2.1 Objects + + Conforming implementations MUST implement all of the model objects as + defined in this document in the indicated sections: + + Section 2.1 - Printer Object + Section 2.2 - Job Object + +5.2.2 Operations + + Conforming IPP object implementations MUST implement all of the + REQUIRED model operations, including REQUIRED responses, as defined + in this document in the indicated sections: + + For a Printer object: + Print-Job (section 3.2.1) REQUIRED + Print-URI (section 3.2.2) OPTIONAL + Validate-Job (section 3.2.3) REQUIRED + Create-Job (section 3.2.4) OPTIONAL + Get-Printer-Attributes (section 3.2.5) REQUIRED + Get-Jobs (section 3.2.6) REQUIRED + Pause-Printer (section 3.2.7) OPTIONAL + Resume-Printer (section 3.2.8) OPTIONAL + Purge-Jobs (section 3.2.9) OPTIONAL + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 145] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + For a Job object: + Send-Document (section 3.3.1) OPTIONAL + Send-URI (section 3.3.2) OPTIONAL + Cancel-Job (section 3.3.3) REQUIRED + Get-Job-Attributes (section 3.3.4) REQUIRED + Hold-Job (section 3.3.5) OPTIONAL + Release-Job (section 3.3.6) OPTIONAL + Restart-Job (section 3.3.7) OPTIONAL + + Conforming IPP objects MUST support all REQUIRED operation attributes + and all values of such attributes if so indicated in the description. + Conforming IPP objects MUST ignore all unsupported or unknown + operation attributes or operation attribute groups received in a + request, but MUST reject a request that contains a supported + operation attribute that contains an unsupported value. + + Conforming IPP objects MAY return operation responses that contain + attributes groups, attributes names, attribute syntaxes, attribute + values, and status codes that are extensions to this standard. The + additional attribute groups MAY occur in any order. + + The following section on object attributes specifies the support + required for object attributes. + +5.2.3 IPP Object Attributes + + Conforming IPP objects MUST support all of the REQUIRED object + attributes, as defined in this document in the indicated sections. + + If an object supports an attribute, it MUST support only those values + specified in this document or through the extension mechanism + described in section 5.2.4. It MAY support any non-empty subset of + these values. That is, it MUST support at least one of the specified + values and at most all of them. + +5.2.4 Versions + + IPP/1.1 clients MUST meet the conformance requirements for clients + specified in this document and [RFC2910]. IPP/1.1 clients MUST send + requests containing a "version-number" parameter with a '1.1' value. + + IPP/1.1 Printer and Job objects MUST meet the conformance + requirements for IPP objects specified in this document and + [RFC2910]. IPP/1.1 objects MUST accept requests containing a + "version-number" parameter with a '1.1' value (or reject the request + if the operation is not supported). + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 146] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + It is beyond the scope of this specification to mandate conformance + with previous versions. IPP/1.1 was deliberately designed, however, + to make supporting previous versions easy. It is worth noting that, + at the time of composing this specification (1999), we would expect + IPP/1.1 Printer implementations to: + + understand any valid request in the format of IPP/1.0, or 1.1; + + respond appropriately with a response containing the same + "version-number" parameter value used by the client in the request. + + And we would expect IPP/1.1 clients to: + + understand any valid response in the format of IPP/1.0, or 1.1. + + It is recommended that IPP/1.1 clients try supplying alternate + version numbers if they receive a 'server-error-version-not- + supported' error return in a response. + +5.2.5 Extensions + + A conforming IPP object MAY support IETF standards track extensions + and vendor extensions, as long as the extensions meet the + requirements specified in Section 6. + + For each attribute included in an operation response, a conforming + IPP object MUST return a value whose type and value syntax conforms + to the requirement of the Model document as specified in Sections 3 + and 4. + +5.2.6 Attribute Syntaxes + + An IPP object MUST be able to accept any of the attribute syntaxes + defined in Section 4.1, including their full range, in any operation + in which a client may supply attributes or the system administrator + may configure attributes (by means outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 + document). In particular for each attribute that the IPP object + supports whose attribute syntax is 'text', the IPP object MUST accept + and process both the 'textWithoutLanguage' and 'textWithLanguage' + forms. Similarly, for each attribute that the IPP object supports + whose attribute syntax is 'name', the IPP object MUST accept and + process both the 'nameWithoutLanguage' and 'nameWithLanguage' forms. + Furthermore, an IPP object MUST return attributes to the client in + operation responses that conform to the syntax specified in Section + 4.1, including their full range if supplied previously by a client. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 147] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +5.2.7 Security + + An IPP Printer implementation SHOULD contain support for Client + Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 Encoding and Transport + document [RFC2910]. A Printer implementation MAY allow an + administrator to configure the Printer so that all, some, or none of + the users are authenticated. See also section 8 of this document. + + An IPP Printer implementation SHOULD contain support for Operation + Privacy and Server Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 Encoding + and Transport document [RFC2910]. A Printer implementation MAY allow + an administrator to configure the degree of support for Operation + Privacy and Server Authentication. See also section 8 of this + document. + + Security MUST NOT be compromised when a client supplies a lower + "version-number" parameter in a request. For example, if an IPP/1.1 + conforming Printer object accepts version '1.0' requests and is + configured to enforce Digest Authentication, it MUST do the same for + a version '1.0' request. + +5.3 Charset and Natural Language Requirements + + All clients and IPP objects MUST support the 'utf-8' charset as + defined in section 4.1.7. + + IPP objects MUST be able to accept any client request which correctly + uses the "attributes-natural-language" operation attribute or the + Natural Language Override mechanism on any individual attribute + whether or not the natural language is supported by the IPP object. + If an IPP object supports a natural language, then it MUST be able to + translate (perhaps by table lookup) all generated 'text' or 'name' + attribute values into one of the supported languages (see section + 3.1.4). That is, the IPP object that supports a natural language + NEED NOT be a general purpose translator of any arbitrary 'text' or + 'name' value supplied by the client into that natural language. + However, the object MUST be able to translate (automatically + generate) any of its own attribute values and messages into that + natural language. + +6. IANA Considerations + + This section describes the procedures for defining semantics for the + following IETF standards track extensions and vendor extensions to + the IPP/1.1 Model and Semantics document: + + 1. keyword attribute values + 2. enum attribute values + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 148] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 3. attributes + 4. attribute syntaxes + 5. operations + 6. attribute groups + 7. status codes + 8. out-of-band attribute values + + Extensions registered for use with IPP/1.1 are OPTIONAL for client + and IPP object conformance to the IPP/1.1 "Model and Semantics" + document (this document). + + These extension procedures are aligned with the guidelines as set + forth by the IESG [IANA-CON]. Section 11 describes how to propose + new registrations for consideration. IANA will reject registration + proposals that leave out required information or do not follow the + appropriate format described in Section 11. The IPP/1.1 Model and + Semantics document may also be extended by an appropriate RFC that + specifies any of the above extensions. + +6.1 Typed 'keyword' and 'enum' Extensions + + IPP allows for 'keyword' and 'enum' extensions (see sections 4.1.2.3 + and 4.1.4). This document uses prefixes to the 'keyword' and 'enum' + basic attribute syntax type in order to communicate extra information + to the reader through its name. This extra information is not + represented in the protocol because it is unimportant to a client or + Printer object. The list below describes the prefixes and their + meaning. + + "type1": This IPP specification document must be revised (or + another IETF standards track document which augments this + document) to add a new keyword or a new enum. No vendor + defined keywords or enums are allowed. + + "type2": Implementers can, at any time, add new keyword or enum + values by proposing the complete specification to IANA: + + iana@iana.org + + IANA will forward the registration proposal to the IPP + Designated Expert who will review the proposal with a mailing + list that the Designated Expert keeps for this purpose. + Initially, that list will be the mailing list used by the IPP + WG: + + ipp@pwg.org + + even after the IPP WG is disbanded as permitted by [IANA-CON]. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 149] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The IPP Designated Expert is appointed by the IESG Area + Director responsible for IPP, according to [IANA-CON]. + + When a type2 keyword or enum is approved, the IPP Designated + Expert becomes the point of contact for any future maintenance + that might be required for that registration. + + "type3": Implementers can, at any time, add new keyword and enum + values by submitting the complete specification to IANA as for + type2 who will forward the proposal to the IPP Designated + Expert. While no additional technical review is required, the + IPP Designated Expert may, at his/her discretion, forward the + proposal to the same mailing list as for type2 registrations + for advice and comment. + + When a type3 keyword or enum is approved by the IPP Designated + Expert, the original proposer becomes the point of contact for + any future maintenance that might be required for that + registration. + + For type2 and type3 keywords, the proposer includes the name of the + keyword in the registration proposal and the name is part of the + technical review. + + After type2 and type3 enums specifications are approved, the IPP + Designated Expert in consultation with IANA assigns the next + available enum number for each enum value. + + IANA will publish approved type2 and type3 keyword and enum + attributes value registration specifications in: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/attribute-values/xxx/yyy.txt + + where xxx is the attribute name that specifies the initial values and + yyy.txt is a descriptive file name that contains one or more enums or + keywords approved at the same time. For example, if several + additional enums for stapling are approved for use with the + "finishings" attribute (and "finishings-default" and "finishings- + supported" attributes), IANA will publish the additional values in + the file: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/attribute- + values/finishings/stapling.txt + + Note: Some attributes are defined to be: 'type3 keywords' | 'name' + which allows for attribute values to be extended by a site + administrator with administrator defined names. Such names are not + registered with IANA. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 150] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + By definition, each of the three types above assert some sort of + registry or review process in order for extensions to be considered + valid. Each higher numbered level (1, 2, 3) tends to be decreasingly + less stringent than the previous level. Therefore, any typeN value + MAY be registered using a process for some typeM where M is less than + N, however such registration is NOT REQUIRED. For example, a type3 + value MAY be registered in a type 1 manner (by being included in a + future version of an IPP specification), however, it is NOT REQUIRED. + + This document defines keyword and enum values for all of the above + types, including type3 keywords. + + For vendor keyword extensions, implementers SHOULD use keywords with + a suitable distinguishing prefix, such as "xxx-" where xxx follows + the syntax rules for keywords (see section 4.1.3) and is the + (lowercase) fully qualified company name registered with IANA for use + in domain names [RFC1035]. For example, if the company XYZ Corp. had + obtained the domain name "XYZ.com", then a vendor keyword 'abc' would + be: 'xyz.com-abc'. + + Note: RFC 1035 [RFC1035] indicates that while upper and lower case + letters are allowed in domain names, no significance is attached to + the case. That is, two names with the same spelling but different + case are to be treated as if identical. Also, the labels in a domain + name must follow the rules for ARPANET host names: They must start + with a letter, end with a letter or digit, and have as interior + characters only letters, digits, and hyphen. Labels must be 63 + characters or less. Labels are separated by the "." character. + + For vendor enum extensions, implementers MUST use values in the + reserved integer range which is 2**30 to 2**31-1. + +6.2 Attribute Extensibility + + Attribute names (see section 4.1.3) are type2 keywords. Therefore, + new attributes may be registered and have the same status as + attributes in this document by following the type2 extension rules. + For vendor attribute extensions, implementers SHOULD use keywords + with a suitable distinguishing prefix as described in Section 6.1. + + IANA will publish approved attribute registration specifications as + separate files: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/attributes/xxx-yyy.txt + + where "xxx-yyy" is the new attribute name. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 151] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If a new Printer object attribute is defined and its values can be + affected by a specific document format, its specification needs to + contain the following sentence: + + "The value of this attribute returned in a Get-Printer- + Attributes response MAY depend on the "document-format" + attribute supplied (see Section 3.2.5.1)." + + If the specification does not, then its value in the Get-Printer- + Attributes response MUST NOT depend on the "document-format" supplied + in the request. When a new Job Template attribute is registered, the + value of the Printer attributes MAY vary with "document-format" + supplied in the request without the specification having to indicate + so. + +6.3 Attribute Syntax Extensibility + + Attribute syntaxes (see section 4.1) are like type2 enums. + Therefore, new attribute syntaxes may be registered and have the same + status as attribute syntaxes in this document by following the type2 + extension rules described in Section 6.1. The initial set of value + codes that identify each of the attribute syntaxes have been assigned + in the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910], including a + designated range for vendor extension. + + For attribute syntaxes, the IPP Designated Expert in consultation + with IANA assigns the next attribute syntax code in the appropriate + range as specified in [RFC2910]. IANA will publish approved + attribute syntax registration specifications as separate files: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/attribute-syntaxes/xxx-yyy.txt + + where 'xxx-yyy' is the new attribute syntax name. + +6.4 Operation Extensibility + + Operations (see section 3) may also be registered following the type2 + procedures described in Section 6.1, though major new operations will + usually be done by a new standards track RFC that augments this + document. For vendor operation extensions, implementers MUST use the + range for the "operation-id" in requests specified in Section 4.4.15 + "operations-supported" Printer attribute. + + For operations, the IPP Designated Expert in consultation with IANA + assigns the next operation-id code as specified in Section 4.4.15. + IANA will publish approved operation registration specifications as + separate files: + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 152] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/operations/Xxx-Yyy.txt + + where "Xxx-Yyy" is the new operation name. + +6.5 Attribute Group Extensibility + + Attribute groups (see section 3.1.3) passed in requests and responses + may be registered following the type2 procedures described in Section + 6.1. The initial set of attribute group tags have been assigned in + the "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910], including a + designated range for vendor extension. + + For attribute groups, the IPP Designated Expert in consultation with + IANA assigns the next attribute group tag code in the appropriate + range as specified in [RFC2910]. IANA will publish approved + attribute group registration specifications as separate files: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/attribute-group-tags/xxx-yyy- + tag.txt + + where 'xxx-yyy-tag' is the new attribute group tag name. + +6.6 Status Code Extensibility + + Operation status codes (see section 3.1.6.1) may also be registered + following the type2 procedures described in Section 6.1. The values + for status codes are allocated in ranges as specified in Section 14 + for each status code class: + + "informational" - Request received, continuing process + "successful" - The action was successfully received, understood, and + accepted + "redirection" - Further action must be taken in order to complete the + request + "client-error" - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be + fulfilled + "server-error" - The IPP object failed to fulfill an apparently + valid request + + For vendor operation status code extensions, implementers MUST use + the top of each range as specified in Section 13. + + For operation status codes, the IPP Designated Expert in consultation + with IANA assigns the next status code in the appropriate class range + as specified in Section 13. IANA will publish approved status code + registration specifications as separate files: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/status-codes/xxx-yyy.txt + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 153] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + where "xxx-yyy" is the new operation status code keyword. + +6.7 Out-of-band Attribute Value Extensibility + + Out-of-band attribute values (see the beginning of section 4.1) + passed in requests and responses may be registered following the + type2 procedures described in Section 6.1. The initial set of out- + of-band attribute value tags have been assigned in the "Encoding and + Transport" document [RFC2910]. + + For out-of-band attribute value tags, the IPP Designated Expert in + consultation with IANA assigns the next out-of-band attribute value + tag code in the appropriate range as specified in [RFC2910]. IANA + will publish approved out-of-band attribute value tags registration + specifications as separate files: + + ftp.isi.edu/iana/assignments/ipp/out-of-band-attribute-value- + tags/xxx-yyy-tag.txt + + where 'xxx-yyy-tag' is the new out-of-band attribute value tag name. + +6.8 Registration of MIME types/sub-types for document-formats + + The "document-format" attribute's syntax is 'mimeMediaType'. This + means that valid values are Internet Media Types (see Section 4.1.9). + RFC 2045 [RFC2045] defines the syntax for valid Internet media types. + IANA is the registry for all Internet media types. + +6.9 Registration of charsets for use in 'charset' attribute values + + The "attributes-charset" attribute's syntax is 'charset'. This means + that valid values are charsets names. When a charset in the IANA + registry has more than one name (alias), the name labeled as + "(preferred MIME name)", if present, MUST be used (see Section + 4.1.7). IANA is the registry for charsets following the procedures + of [RFC2278]. + +7. Internationalization Considerations + + Some of the attributes have values that are text strings and names + which are intended for human understanding rather than machine + understanding (see the 'text' and 'name' attribute syntaxes in + Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2). + + In each operation request, the client + + - identifies the charset and natural language of the request which + affects each supplied 'text' and 'name' attribute value, and + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 154] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - requests the charset and natural language for attributes + returned by the IPP object in operation responses (as described + in Section 3.1.4.1). + + In addition, the client MAY separately and individually identify the + Natural Language Override of a supplied 'text' or 'name' attribute + using the 'textWithLanguage' and 'nameWithLanguage' technique + described section 4.1.1.2 and 4.1.2.2 respectively. + + All IPP objects MUST support the UTF-8 [RFC2279] charset in all + 'text' and 'name' attributes supported. If an IPP object supports + more than the UTF-8 charset, the object MUST convert between them in + order to return the requested charset to the client according to + Section 3.1.4.2. If an IPP object supports more than one natural + language, the object SHOULD return 'text' and 'name' values in the + natural language requested where those values are generated by the + Printer (see Section 3.1.4.1). + + For Printers that support multiple charsets and/or multiple natural + languages in 'text' and 'name' attributes, different jobs may have + been submitted in differing charsets and/or natural languages. All + responses MUST be returned in the charset requested by the client. + However, the Get-Jobs operation uses the 'textWithLanguage' and + 'nameWithLanguage' mechanism to identify the differing natural + languages with each job attribute returned. + + The Printer object also has configured charset and natural language + attributes. The client can query the Printer object to determine + the list of charsets and natural languages supported by the Printer + object and what the Printer object's configured values are. See the + "charset-configured", "charset-supported", "natural-language- + configured", and "generated-natural-language-supported" Printer + description attributes for more details. + + The "charset-supported" attributed identifies the supported charsets. + If a charset is supported, the IPP object MUST be capable of + converting to and from that charset into any other supported charset. + In many cases, an IPP object will support only one charset and it + MUST be the UTF-8 charset. + + The "charset-configured" attribute identifies the one supported + charset which is the native charset given the current configuration + of the IPP object (administrator defined). + + The "generated-natural-language-supported" attribute identifies the + set of supported natural languages for generated messages; it is not + related to the set of natural languages that must be accepted for + client supplied 'text' and 'name' attributes. For client supplied + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 155] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'text' and 'name' attributes, an IPP object MUST accept ALL supplied + natural languages. Just because a Printer object is currently + configured to support 'en-us' natural language does not mean that the + Printer object should reject a job if the client supplies a job name + that is in 'fr-ca'. + + The "natural-language-configured" attribute identifies the one + supported natural language for generated messages which is the native + natural language given the current configuration of the IPP object + (administrator defined). + + Attributes of type 'text' and 'name' are populated from different + sources. These attributes can be categorized into following groups + (depending on the source of the attribute): + + 1. Some attributes are supplied by the client (e.g., the client + supplied "job-name", "document-name", and "requesting-user- + name" operation attributes along with the corresponding Job + object's "job-name" and "job-originating-user-name" + attributes). The IPP object MUST accept these attributes in + any natural language no matter what the set of supported + languages for generated messages + 2. Some attributes are supplied by the system administrator (e.g., + the Printer object's "printer-name" and "printer-location" + attributes). These too can be in any natural language. If the + natural language for these attributes is different than what a + client requests, then they must be reported using the Natural + Language Override mechanism. + 3. Some attributes are supplied by the device manufacturer (e.g., + the Printer object's "printer-make-and-model" attribute). + These too can be in any natural language. If the natural + language for these attributes is different than what a client + requests, then they must be reported using the Natural Language + Override mechanism. + 4. Some attributes are supplied by the operator (e.g., the Job + object's "job-message-from-operator" attribute). These too can + be in any natural language. If the natural language for these + attributes is different than what a client requests, then they + must be reported using the Natural Language Override mechanism. + 5. Some attributes are generated by the IPP object (e.g., the Job + object's "job-state-message" attribute, the Printer object's + "printer-state-message" attribute, and the "status-message" + operation attribute). These attributes can only be in one of + the "generated-natural-language-supported" natural languages. + If a client requests some natural language for these attributes + other than one of the supported values, the IPP object SHOULD + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 156] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + respond using the value of the "natural-language-configured" + attribute (using the Natural Language Override mechanism if + needed). + + The 'text' and 'name' attributes specified in this version of this + document (additional ones will be registered according to the + procedures in Section 6) are: + + Attributes Source + + Operation Attributes: + job-name (name) client + document-name (name) client + requesting-user-name (name) client + status-message (text) Job or Printer object + detailed-status-message (text) Job or Printer object - + see rule 1 + document-access-error (text) Job or Printer object - + see rule 1 + + Job Template Attributes: + job-hold-until (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + job-hold-until-default (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + job-hold-until-supported (keyword | client matches + name) administrator-configured + job-sheets (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + job-sheets-default (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + job-sheets-supported (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + media (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + media-default (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + media-supported (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + media-ready (keyword | name) client matches + administrator-configured + + Job Description Attributes: + job-name (name) client or Printer object + job-originating-user-name (name) Printer object + job-state-message (text) Job or Printer object + output-device-assigned (name(127)) administrator + job-message-from-operator (text(127)) operator + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 157] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + job-detailed-status-messages (1setOf Job or Printer object - + text) see rule 1 + job-document-access-errors (1setOf Job or Printer object - + text) see rule 1 + + Printer Description Attributes: + printer-name (name(127)) administrator + printer-location (text(127)) administrator + printer-info (text(127)) administrator + printer-make-and-model (text(127)) administrator or + manufacturer + printer-state-message (text) Printer object + printer-message-from-operator operator + (text(127)) + + Rule 1 - Neither the Printer nor the client localizes these message + attributes, since they are intended for use by the system + administrator or other experienced technical persons. + +8. Security Considerations + + It is difficult to anticipate the security risks that might exist in + any given IPP environment. For example, if IPP is used within a given + corporation over a private network, the risks of exposing document + data may be low enough that the corporation will choose not to use + encryption on that data. However, if the connection between the + client and the IPP object is over a public network, the client may + wish to protect the content of the information during transmission + through the network with encryption. + + Furthermore, the value of the information being printed may vary from + one IPP environment to the next. Printing payroll checks, for + example, would have a different value than printing public + information from a file. There is also the possibly of denial-of- + service attacks, but denial-of-service attacks against printing + resources are not well understood and there is no published + precedents regarding this scenario. + + Once the authenticated identity of the requester has been supplied to + the IPP object, the object uses that identity to enforce any + authorization policy that might be in place. For example, one site's + policy might be that only the job owner is allowed to cancel a job. + The details and mechanisms to set up a particular access control + policy are not part of IPP/1.1, and must be established via some + other type of administrative or access control framework. However, + there are operation status codes that allow an IPP server to return + information back to a client about any potential access control + violations for an IPP object. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 158] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + During a create operation, the client's identity is recorded in the + Job object in an implementation-defined attribute. This information + can be used to verify a client's identity for subsequent operations + on that Job object in order to enforce any access control policy that + might be in effect. See section 8.3 below for more details. + + Since the security levels or the specific threats that an IPP system + administrator may be concerned with cannot be anticipated, IPP MUST + be capable of operating with different security mechanisms and + security policies as required by the individual installation. + Security policies might vary from very strong, to very weak, to none + at all, and corresponding security mechanisms will be required. + +8.1 Security Scenarios + + The following sections describe specific security attacks for IPP + environments. Where examples are provided they should be considered + illustrative of the environment and not an exhaustive set. Not all of + these environments will necessarily be addressed in initial + implementations of IPP. + +8.1.1 Client and Server in the Same Security Domain + + This environment is typical of internal networks where traditional + office workers print the output of personal productivity applications + on shared work-group printers, or where batch applications print + their output on large production printers. Although the identity of + the user may be trusted in this environment, a user might want to + protect the content of a document against such attacks as + eavesdropping, replaying or tampering. + +8.1.2 Client and Server in Different Security Domains + + Examples of this environment include printing a document created by + the client on a publicly available printer, such as at a commercial + print shop; or printing a document remotely on a business associate's + printer. This latter operation is functionally equivalent to sending + the document to the business associate as a facsimile. Printing + sensitive information on a Printer in a different security domain + requires strong security measures. In this environment authentication + of the printer is required as well as protection against unauthorized + use of print resources. Since the document crosses security domains, + protection against eavesdropping and document tampering are also + required. It will also be important in this environment to protect + Printers against "spamming" and malicious document content. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 159] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +8.1.3 Print by Reference + + When the document is not stored on the client, printing can be done + by reference. That is, the print request can contain a reference, or + pointer, to the document instead of the actual document itself (see + sections 3.2.2 and 3.3.2). Standard methods currently do not exist + for remote entities to "assume" the credentials of a client for + forwarding requests to a 3rd party. It is anticipated that Print-By- + Reference will be used to access "public" documents and that + sophisticated methods for authenticating "proxies" is not specified + in this document. + +8.2 URIs in Operation, Job, and Printer attributes + + The "printer-uri-supported" attribute contains the Printer object's + URI(s). Its companion attribute, "uri-security-supported", + identifies the security mechanism used for each URI listed in the + "printer-uri-supported" attribute. For each Printer operation + request, a client MUST supply only one URI in the "printer-uri" + operation attribute. In other words, even though the Printer + supports more than one URI, the client only interacts with the + Printer object using one if its URIs. This duality is not needed for + Job objects, since the Printer objects is the factory for Job + objects, and the Printer object will generate the correct URI for new + Job objects depending on the Printer object's security configuration. + +8.3 URIs for each authentication mechanisms + + Each URI has an authentication mechanism associated with it. If the + URI is the i'th element of "printer-uri-supported", then + authentication mechanism is the "i th" element of "uri- + authentication-supported". For a list of possible authentication + mechanisms, see section 4.4.2. + + The Printer object uses an authentication mechanism to determine the + name of the user performing an operation. This user is called the + "authenticated user". The credibility of authentication depends on + the mechanism that the Printer uses to obtain the user's name. When + the authentication mechanism is 'none', all authenticated users are + "anonymous". + + During job creation operations, the Printer initializes the value of + the "job-originating-user-name" attribute (see section 4.3.6) to be + the authenticated user. The authenticated user is this case is called + the "job owner". + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 160] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + If an implementation can be configured to support more than one + authentication mechanism (see section 4.4.2), then it MUST implement + rules for determining equality of authenticated user names which have + been authenticated via different authentication mechanisms. One + possible policy is that identical names that are authenticated via + different mechanisms are different. For example, a user can cancel + his job only if he uses the same authentication mechanism for both + Cancel-Job and Print-Job. Another policy is that identical names + that are authenticated via different mechanism are the same if the + authentication mechanism for the later operation is not less strong + than the authentication mechanism for the earlier job creation + operation. For example, a user can cancel his job only if he uses + the same or stronger authentication mechanism for Cancel-Job and + Print-Job. With this second policy a job submitted via 'requesting- + user-name' authentication could be canceled via 'digest' + authentication. With the first policy, the job could not be canceled + in this way. + + A client is able to determine the authentication mechanism used to + create a job. It is the i'th value of the Printer's "uri- + authentication-supported" attribute (see section 4.4.2), where i is + the index of the element of the Printer's "printer-uri-supported" + attribute (see section 4.4.1) equal to the job's "job-printer-uri" + attribute (see section 4.3.3). + +8.4 Restricted Queries + + In many IPP operations, a client supplies a list of attributes to be + returned in the response. For security reasons, an IPP object may be + configured not to return all attributes (or all values) that a client + requests. The job attributes returned MAY depend on whether the + requesting user is the same as the user that submitted the job. The + IPP object MAY even return none of the requested attributes. In such + cases, the status returned is the same as if the object had returned + all requested attributes. The client cannot tell by such a response + whether the requested attribute was present or absent on the object. + +8.5 Operations performed by operators and system administrators + + For the three printer operations Pause-Printer, Resume-Printer, and + Purge-Jobs (see sections 3.2.7, 3.2.8 and 3.2.9), the requesting user + is intended to be an operator or administrator of the Printer object + (see section 1). Otherwise, the IPP Printer MUST reject the + operation and return: 'client-error-forbidden', 'client-error-not- + authenticated', or 'client-error-not-authorized' as appropriate. For + operations on jobs, the requesting user is intended to be the job + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 161] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + owner or may be an operator or administrator of the Printer object. + The means for authorizing an operator or administrator of the Printer + object are not specified in this document. + +8.6 Queries on jobs submitted using non-IPP protocols + + If the device that an IPP Printer is representing is able to accept + jobs using other job submission protocols in addition to IPP, it is + RECOMMENDED that such an implementation at least allow such "foreign" + jobs to be queried using Get-Jobs returning "job-id" and "job-uri" as + 'unknown'. Such an implementation NEED NOT support all of the same + IPP job attributes as for IPP jobs. The IPP object returns the + 'unknown' out-of-band value for any requested attribute of a foreign + job that is supported for IPP jobs, but not for foreign jobs. + + It is further RECOMMENDED, that the IPP Printer generate "job-id" and + "job-uri" values for such "foreign jobs", if possible, so that they + may be targets of other IPP operations, such as Get-Job-Attributes + and Cancel-Job. Such an implementation also needs to deal with the + problem of authentication of such foreign jobs. One approach would + be to treat all such foreign jobs as belonging to users other than + the user of the IPP client. Another approach would be for the + foreign job to belong to 'anonymous'. Only if the IPP client has + been authenticated as an operator or administrator of the IPP Printer + object, could the foreign jobs be queried by an IPP request. + Alternatively, if the security policy is to allow users to query + other users' jobs, then the foreign jobs would also be visible to an + end-user IPP client using Get-Jobs and Get-Job-Attributes. + +9. References + + [ASME-Y14.1M] Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format, ASME Y14.1M-1995. + This standard defines metric sheet sizes and formats + for engineering drawings. + + [ASCII] Coded Character Set - 7-bit American Standard Code for + Information Interchange (ASCII), ANSI X3.4-1986. This + standard is the specification of the US-ASCII charset. + + [BCP-11] Bradner S. and R. Hovey, "The Organizations Involved in + the IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October + 1996. + + [HTPP] J. Barnett, K. Carter, R. DeBry, "Initial Draft - + Hypertext Printing Protocol - HTPP/1.0", October 1996, + ftp://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/historic/htpp/overview.ps.gz + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 162] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + [IANA-CON] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing + an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC + 2434, October 1998. + + [IANA-CS] IANA Registry of Coded Character Sets: + ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character- + sets + + [IANA-MT] IANA Registry of Media Types: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in- + notes/iana/assignments/media-types/ + + [IPP-IIG] Hastings, T., Manros, C., Kugler, C., Holst, H., and P. + Zehler, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: draft-ietf- + ipp-implementers-guide-v11-01.txt, work in progress, + May 30, 2000. + + [ISO10646-1] ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, "Information technology -- + Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - + Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane, + JTC1/SC2." + + [ISO8859-1] ISO/IEC 8859-1:1987, "Information technology -- 8-bit + One-Byte Coded Character Set - Part 1: Latin Alphabet + Nr 1", 1987, JTC1/SC2. + + [ISO10175] ISO/IEC 10175 Document Printing Application (DPA), June + 1996. + + [LDPA] T. Hastings, S. Isaacson, M. MacKay, C. Manros, D. + Taylor, P. Zehler, "LDPA - Lightweight Document + Printing Application", October 1996, + ftp://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/historic/ldpa/ldpa8.pdf.gz + + [P1387.4] Kirk, M. (editor), POSIX System Administration - Part + 4: Printing Interfaces, POSIX 1387.4 D8, 1994. + + [PSIS] Herriot, R. (editor), X/Open A Printing System + Interoperability Specification (PSIS), August 1995. + + [PWG] Printer Working Group, http://www.pwg.org. + + [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementation and + Specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. + + [RFC1179] McLaughlin, L., "Line Printer Daemon Protocol", RFC + 1179, August 1990. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 163] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + [RFC1759] Smith, R., Wright, F., Hastings, T., Zilles, S. and J. + Gyllenskog, "Printer MIB", RFC 1759, March 1995. + + [RFC1766] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of + Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995. + + [RFC1951] Deutsch, P., "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format + Specification version 1.3 ", RFC 1951, May 1996. + + [RFC1952] Deutsch, P., "GZIP file format specification version + 4.3", RFC 1952, May 1996. + + [RFC1977] Schryver, V., "PPP BSD Compression Protocol", RFC 1977, + August 1996. + + [RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- + Revision 3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996. + + [RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, ", Multipurpose Internet + Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet + Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996. + + [RFC2046] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet + Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC + 2046, November 1996. + + [RFC2048] Freed, N., Klensin, J. and J. Postel, "Multipurpose + Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four: Registration + Procedures", RFC 2048, November 1996. + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [RFC2228] Horowitz, M. and S. Lunt, "FTP Security Extensions", + RFC 2228, October 1997. + + [RFC2246] Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version + 1.0", RFC 2246, January 1999. + + [RFC2277] Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and + Languages" BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998. + + [RFC2278] Freed, N. and J. Postel: "IANA CharSet Registration + Procedures", BCP 19, RFC 2278, January 1998. + + [RFC2279] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO + 10646", RFC 2279, January 1998. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 164] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + [RFC2316] Bellovin, S., "Report of the IAB Security Architecture + Workshop", RFC 2316, April 1998. + + [RFC2396] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform + Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, + August 1998. + + [RFC2565] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P. and R. Turner, + "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and + Transport", RFC 2565, April 1999. + + [RFC2566] deBry, R., Hastings, T., Herriot, R., Isaacson, S. and + P. Powell, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and + Semantics", RFC 2566, April 1999. + + [RFC2567] Wright, D., "Design Goals for an Internet Printing + Protocol", RFC 2567, April 1999. + + [RFC2568] Zilles, S., "Rationale for the Structure and Model and + Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", RFC 2568, + April 1999. + + [RFC2569] Herriot, R., Hastings, T., Jacobs, N. and J. Martin, + "Mapping between LPD and IPP Protocols", RFC 2569, + April 1999. + + [RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D. and J. Schoenwaelder, + "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, + April 1999. + + [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., + Masinter, L., Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext + Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999. + + [RFC2617] Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, + S., Leach, P., Luotonen, A. and L. Stewart, "HTTP + Authentication: Basic and Digest Access + Authentication", RFC 2617, June 1999. + + [RFC2639] Hastings, T. and C. Manros, "Internet Printing + Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport", RFC 2639, July + 1999. + + [RFC2910] Herriot, R., Butler, S., Moore, P., Turner, R. and J. + Wenn, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.1: Encoding and + Transport", RFC 2910, September 2000. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 165] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + [SSL] Netscape, The SSL Protocol, Version 3, (Text version + 3.02), November 1996. + + [SWP] P. Moore, B. Jahromi, S. Butler, "Simple Web Printing + SWP/1.0", May 7, 1997, + ftp://ftp.pwg.org/pub/pwg/ipp/new_PRO/swp9705.pdf + +10. Authors' Addresses + + Scott A. Isaacson, Editor + Novell, Inc. + 122 E 1700 S + Provo, UT 84606 + + Phone: 801-861-7366 + Fax: 801-861-2517 + EMail: sisaacson@novell.com + + + Tom Hastings + Xerox Corporation + 737 Hawaii St. ESAE 231 + El Segundo, CA 90245 + + Phone: 310-333-6413 + Fax: 310-333-5514 + EMail: hastings@cp10.es.xerox.com + + + Robert Herriot + Xerox Corp. + 3400 Hill View Ave, Building 1 + Palo Alto, CA 94304 + + Phone: 650-813-7696 + Fax: 650-813-6860 + EMail: robert.herriot@pahv.xerox.com + + + Roger deBry + Utah Valley State College + Orem, UT 84058 + + Phone: (801) 222-8000 + EMail: debryro@uvsc.edu + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 166] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Patrick Powell + Astart Technologies + 9475 Chesapeake Dr., Suite D + San Diego, CA 95123 + + Phone: (619) 874-6543 + Fax: (619) 279-8424 + EMail: papowell@astart.com + + IPP Web Page: http://www.pwg.org/ipp/ + IPP Mailing List: ipp@pwg.org + + To subscribe to the ipp mailing list, send the following email: + 1) send it to majordomo@pwg.org + 2) leave the subject line blank + 3) put the following two lines in the message body: + subscribe ipp + end + + Implementers of this specification document are encouraged to join + IPP Mailing List in order to participate in any discussions of + clarification issues and review of registration proposals for + additional attributes and values. + + Other Participants: + + Chuck Adams - Tektronix Shivaun Albright - HP + Stefan Andersson - Axis Jeff Barnett - IBM + Ron Bergman - Hitachi Koki Imaging Dennis Carney - IBM + Systems + Keith Carter - IBM Angelo Caruso - Xerox + Rajesh Chawla - TR Computing Nancy Chen - Okidata + Solutions + Josh Cohen - Microsoft Jeff Copeland - QMS + Andy Davidson - Tektronix Roger deBry - IBM + Maulik Desai - Auco Mabry Dozier - QMS + Lee Farrell - Canon Information Satoshi Fujitami - Ricoh + Systems + Steve Gebert - IBM Sue Gleeson - Digital + Charles Gordon - Osicom Brian Grimshaw - Apple + Jerry Hadsell - IBM Richard Hart - Digital + Tom Hastings - Xerox Henrik Holst - I-data + Stephen Holmstead Zhi-Hong Huang - Zenographics + Scott Isaacson - Novell Babek Jahromi - Microsoft + Swen Johnson - Xerox David Kellerman - Northlake + Software + Robert Kline - TrueSpectra Charles Kong - Panasonic + Carl Kugler - IBM Dave Kuntz - Hewlett-Packard + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 167] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Takami Kurono - Brother Rick Landau - Digital + Scott Lawrence - Agranot Systems Greg LeClair - Epson + Dwight Lewis - Lexmark Harry Lewis - IBM + Tony Liao - Vivid Image Roy Lomicka - Digital + Pete Loya - HP Ray Lutz - Cognisys + Mike MacKay - Novell, Inc. David Manchala - Xerox + Carl-Uno Manros - Xerox Jay Martin - Underscore + Stan McConnell - Xerox Larry Masinter - Xerox + Sandra Matts - Hewlett Packard Peter Michalek - Shinesoft + Ira McDonald - High North Inc. Mike Moldovan - G3 Nova + Tetsuya Morita - Ricoh Yuichi Niwa - Ricoh + Pat Nogay - IBM Ron Norton - Printronics + Hugo Parra, Novell Bob Pentecost - Hewlett-Packard + Patrick Powell - Astart Jeff Rackowitz - Intermec + Technologies + Eric Random - Peerless Rob Rhoads - Intel + Xavier Riley - Xerox Gary Roberts - Ricoh + David Roach - Unisys Stuart Rowley - Kyocera + Yuji Sasaki - Japan Computer Richard Schneider - Epson + Industry + Kris Schoff - HP Katsuaki Sekiguchi - Canon + Bob Setterbo - Adobe Gail Songer - Peerless + Hideki Tanaka - Cannon Devon Taylor - Novell + Mike Timperman - Lexmark Atsushi Uchino - Epson + Shigeru Ueda - Canon Bob Von Andel - Allegro Software + William Wagner - NetSilicon/DPI Jim Walker - DAZEL + Chris Wellens - Interworking Labs Trevor Wells - Hewlett Packard + Craig Whittle - Sharp Labs Rob Whittle - Novell, Inc. + Jasper Wong - Xionics Don Wright - Lexmark + Michael Wu - Heidelberg Digital Rick Yardumian - Xerox + Michael Yeung - Toshiba Lloyd Young - Lexmark + Atsushi Yuki - Kyocera Peter Zehler - Xerox + William Zhang- Canon Information Frank Zhao - Panasonic + Systems + Steve Zilles - Adobe Rob Zirnstein - Canon Information + Systems + +11. Formats for IPP Registration Proposals + + In order to propose an IPP extension for registration, the proposer + must submit an application to IANA by email to "iana@iana.org" or by + filling out the appropriate form on the IANA web pages + (http://www.iana.org). This section specifies the required + information and the formats for proposing registrations of extensions + to IPP as provided in Section 6 for: + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 168] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 1. type2 'keyword' attribute values + 2. type3 'keyword' attribute values + 3. type2 'enum' attribute values + 4. type3 'enum' attribute values + 5. attributes + 6. attribute syntaxes + 7. operations + 8. status codes + 9. out-of-band attribute values + +11.1 Type2 keyword attribute values registration, + + Type of registration: type2 keyword attribute value + Name of attribute to which this keyword specification is to be added: + Proposed keyword name of this keyword value: + Specification of this keyword value (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 4.1.2.3): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For type2 keywords, the Designated Expert will be the point of + contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.2 Type3 keyword attribute values registration + + Type of registration: type3 keyword attribute value + Name of attribute to which this keyword specification is to be added: + Proposed keyword name of this keyword value: + Specification of this keyword value (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 4.1.2.3): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For type3 keywords, the proposer will be the point of contact + for the approved registration specification, if any maintenance of + the registration specification is needed. + +11.3 Type2 enum attribute values registration + + Type of registration: type2 enum attribute value + Name of attribute to which this enum specification is to be added: + Keyword symbolic name of this enum value: + Numeric value (to be assigned by the IPP Designated Expert in + consultation with IANA): + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 169] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Specification of this enum value (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 4.1.4): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For type2 enums, the Designated Expert will be the point of + contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.4 Type3 enum attribute values registration + + Type of registration: type3 enum attribute value + Name of attribute to which this enum specification is to be added: + Keyword symbolic name of this enum value: + Numeric value (to be assigned by the IPP Designated Expert in + consultation with IANA): + Specification of this enum value (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 4.1.4): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For type3 enums, the proposer will be the point of contact for + the approved registration specification, if any maintenance of the + registration specification is needed. + +11.5 Attribute registration + + Type of registration: attribute + Proposed keyword name of this attribute: + Types of attribute (Operation, Job Template, Job Description, Printer + Description): + Operations to be used with if the attribute is an operation attribute: + Object (Job, Printer, etc. if bound to an object): + Attribute syntax(es) (include 1setOf and range as in Section 4.2): + If attribute syntax is 'keyword' or 'enum', is it type2 or type3: + If this is a Printer attribute, MAY the value returned depend on + "document-format" (See Section 6.2): + If this is a Job Template attribute, how does its specification depend + on the value of the "multiple-document-handling" attribute: + Specification of this attribute (follow the style of IPP Model Section + 4.2): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 170] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Note: For attributes, the IPP Designated Expert will be the point of + contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.6 Attribute Syntax registration + + Type of registration: attribute syntax + Proposed name of this attribute syntax: + Type of attribute syntax (integer, octetString, character-string, see + [RFC2910]): + Numeric tag according to [RFC2910] (to be assigned by the IPP + Designated Expert in consultation with IANA): + Specification of this attribute (follow the style of IPP Model Section + 4.1): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For attribute syntaxes, the IPP Designated Expert will be the + point of contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.7 Operation registration + + Type of registration: operation + Proposed name of this operation: + Numeric operation-id value according to section 4.4.15 (to be assigned + by the IPP Designated Expert in consultation with IANA): + Object Target (Job, Printer, etc. that operation is upon): + Specification of this operation (follow the style of IPP Model Section + 3): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For operations, the IPP Designated Expert will be the point of + contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.8 Attribute Group registration + + Type of registration: attribute group + Proposed name of this attribute group: + Numeric tag according to [RFC2910] (to be assigned by the IPP + Designated Expert in consultation with IANA): + Operation requests and group number for each operation in which the + attribute group occurs: + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 171] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Operation responses and group number for each operation in which the + attribute group occurs: + Specification of this attribute group (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 3): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For attribute groups, the IPP Designated Expert will be the + point of contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.9 Status code registration + + Type of registration: status code + Keyword symbolic name of this status code value: + Numeric value (to be assigned by the IPP Designated Expert in + consultation with IANA): + Operations that this status code may be used with: + Specification of this status code (follow the style of IPP Model + Section 13 APPENDIX B: Status Codes and Suggested Status Code + Messages): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For status codes, the Designated Expert will be the point of + contact for the approved registration specification, if any + maintenance of the registration specification is needed. + +11.10 Out-of-band Attribute Value registration + + Type of registration: out-of-band attribute value + Proposed name of this out-of-band attribute value: + Numeric tag according to [RFC2910] (to be assigned by the IPP Designated + Expert in consultation with IANA): + Operations that this out-of-band attribute value may be used with: + Attributes that this out-of-band attribute value may be used with: + Specification of this out-of-band attribute value (follow the style of + the beginning of IPP Model Section 4.1): + Name of proposer: + Address of proposer: + Email address of proposer: + + Note: For out-of-band attribute values, the IPP Designated Expert + will be the point of contact for the approved registration + specification, if any maintenance of the registration specification + is needed. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 172] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +12. APPENDIX A: Terminology + + This specification document uses the terminology defined in this + section. + +12.1 Conformance Terminology + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", + "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be + interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. + +12.1.1 NEED NOT + + This term is not included in RFC 2119. The verb "NEED NOT" indicates + an action that the subject of the sentence does not have to implement + in order to claim conformance to the standard. The verb "NEED NOT" + is used instead of "MAY NOT" since "MAY NOT" sounds like a + prohibition. + +12.2 Model Terminology + +12.2.1 Keyword + + Keywords are used within this document as identifiers of semantic + entities within the abstract model (see section 4.1.2.3). Attribute + names, some attribute values, attribute syntaxes, and attribute group + names are represented as keywords. + +12.2.2 Attributes + + An attribute is an item of information that is associated with an + instance of an IPP object. An attribute consists of an attribute + name and one or more attribute values. Each attribute has a specific + attribute syntax. All object attributes are defined in section 4 and + all operation attributes are defined in section 3. + + Job Template Attributes are described in section 4.2. The client + optionally supplies Job Template attributes in a create request + (operation requests that create Job objects). The Printer object has + associated attributes which define supported and default values for + the Printer. + +12.2.2.1 Attribute Name + + Each attribute is uniquely identified in this document by its + attribute name. An attribute name is a keyword. The keyword + attribute name is given in the section header describing that + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 173] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + attribute. In running text in this document, attribute names are + indicated inside double quotation marks (") where the quotation marks + are not part of the keyword itself. + +12.2.2.2 Attribute Group Name + + Related attributes are grouped into named groups. The name of the + group is a keyword. The group name may be used in place of naming + all the attributes in the group explicitly. Attribute groups are + defined in section 3. + +12.2.2.3 Attribute Value + + Each attribute has one or more values. Attribute values are + represented in the syntax type specified for that attribute. In + running text in this document, attribute values are indicated inside + single quotation marks ('), whether their attribute syntax is + keyword, integer, text, etc. where the quotation marks are not part + of the value itself. + +12.2.2.4 Attribute Syntax + + Each attribute is defined using an explicit syntax type. In this + document, each syntax type is defined as a keyword with specific + meaning. The "Encoding and Transport" document [RFC2910] indicates + the actual "on-the-wire" encoding rules for each syntax type. + Attribute syntax types are defined in section 4.1. + +12.2.3 Supports + + By definition, a Printer object supports an attribute only if that + Printer object responds with the corresponding attribute populated + with some value(s) in a response to a query for that attribute. A + Printer object supports an attribute value if the value is one of the + Printer object's "supported values" attributes. The device behind a + Printer object may exhibit a behavior that corresponds to some IPP + attribute, but if the Printer object, when queried for that + attribute, doesn't respond with the attribute, then as far as IPP is + concerned, that implementation does not support that feature. If the + Printer object's "xxx-supported" attribute is not populated with a + particular value (even if that value is a legal value for that + attribute), then that Printer object does not support that particular + value. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 174] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + A conforming implementation MUST support all REQUIRED attributes. + However, even for REQUIRED attributes, conformance to IPP does not + mandate that all implementations support all possible values + representing all possible job processing behaviors and features. For + example, if a given instance of a Printer supports only certain + document formats, then that Printer responds with the "document- + format-supported" attribute populated with a set of values, possibly + only one, taken from the entire set of possible values defined for + that attribute. This limited set of values represents the Printer's + set of supported document formats. Supporting an attribute and some + set of values for that attribute enables IPP end users to be aware of + and make use of those features associated with that attribute and + those values. If an implementation chooses to not support an + attribute or some specific value, then IPP end users would have no + ability to make use of that feature within the context of IPP itself. + However, due to existing practice and legacy systems which are not + IPP aware, there might be some other mechanism outside the scope of + IPP to control or request the "unsupported" feature (such as embedded + instructions within the document data itself). + + For example, consider the "finishings-supported" attribute. + + 1) If a Printer object is not physically capable of stapling, the + "finishings-supported" attribute MUST NOT be populated with the + value of 'staple'. + 2) A Printer object is physically capable of stapling, however an + implementation chooses not to support stapling in the IPP + "finishings" attribute. In this case, 'staple' MUST NOT be a + value in the "finishings-supported" Printer object attribute. + Without support for the value 'staple', an IPP end user would + have no means within the protocol itself to request that a Job + be stapled. However, an existing document data formatter might + be able to request that the document be stapled directly with + an embedded instruction within the document data. In this + case, the IPP implementation does not "support" stapling, + however the end user is still able to have some control over + the stapling of the completed job. + 3) A Printer object is physically capable of stapling, and an + implementation chooses to support stapling in the IPP + "finishings" attribute. In this case, 'staple' MUST be a value + in the "finishings-supported" Printer object attribute. Doing + so, would enable end users to be aware of and make use of the + stapling feature using IPP attributes. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 175] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Even though support for Job Template attributes by a Printer object + is OPTIONAL, it is RECOMMENDED that if the device behind a Printer + object is capable of realizing any feature or function that + corresponds to an IPP attribute and some associated value, then that + implementation SHOULD support that IPP attribute and value. + + The set of values in any of the supported value attributes is set + (populated) by some administrative process or automatic sensing + mechanism that is outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. For + administrative policy and control reasons, an administrator may + choose to make only a subset of possible values visible to the end + user. In this case, the real output device behind the IPP Printer + abstraction may be capable of a certain feature, however an + administrator is specifying that access to that feature not be + exposed to the end user through the IPP protocol. Also, since a + Printer object may represent a logical print device (not just a + physical device) the actual process for supporting a value is + undefined and left up to the implementation. However, if a Printer + object supports a value, some manual human action may be needed to + realize the semantic action associated with the value, but no end + user action is required. + + For example, if one of the values in the "finishings-supported" + attribute is 'staple', the actual process might be an automatic + staple action by a physical device controlled by some command sent to + the device. Or, the actual process of stapling might be a manual + action by an operator at an operator attended Printer object. + + For another example of how supported attributes function, consider a + system administrator who desires to control all print jobs so that no + job sheets are printed in order to conserve paper. To force no job + sheets, the system administrator sets the only supported value for + the "job-sheets-supported" attribute to 'none'. In this case, if a + client requests anything except 'none', the create request is + rejected or the "job-sheets" value is ignored (depending on the value + of "ipp-attribute-fidelity"). To force the use of job start/end + sheets on all jobs, the administrator does not include the value + 'none' in the "job-sheets- supported" attribute. In this case, if a + client requests 'none', the create request is rejected or the "job- + sheets" value is ignored (again depending on the value of "ipp- + attribute-fidelity"). + +12.2.4 print-stream page + + A "print-stream page" is a page according to the definition of pages + in the language used to express the document data. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 176] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +12.2.5 impression + + An "impression" is the image (possibly many print-stream pages in + different configurations) imposed onto a single media page. + +13. APPENDIX B: Status Codes and Suggested Status Code Messages + + This section defines status code enum keywords and values that are + used to provide semantic information on the results of an operation + request. Each operation response MUST include a status code. The + response MAY also contain a status message that provides a short + textual description of the status. The status code is intended for + use by automata, and the status message is intended for the human end + user. Since the status message is an OPTIONAL component of the + operation response, an IPP application (i.e., a browser, GUI, print + driver or gateway) is NOT REQUIRED to examine or display the status + message, since it MAY not be returned to the application. + + The prefix of the status keyword defines the class of response as + follows: + + "informational" - Request received, continuing process + "successful" - The action was successfully received, understood, + and accepted + "redirection" - Further action must be taken in order to complete + the request + "client-error" - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be + fulfilled + "server-error" - The IPP object failed to fulfill an apparently + valid request + + As with type2 enums, IPP status codes are extensible. IPP clients + are NOT REQUIRED to understand the meaning of all registered status + codes, though such understanding is obviously desirable. However, + IPP clients MUST understand the class of any status code, as + indicated by the prefix, and treat any unrecognized response as being + equivalent to the first status code of that class, with the exception + that an unrecognized response MUST NOT be cached. For example, if an + unrecognized status code of "client-error-xxx-yyy" is received by the + client, it can safely assume that there was something wrong with its + request and treat the response as if it had received a "client- + error-bad-request" status code. In such cases, IPP applications + SHOULD present the OPTIONAL message (if present) to the end user + since the message is likely to contain human readable information + which will help to explain the unusual status. The name of the enum + is the suggested status message for US English. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 177] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The status code values range from 0x0000 to 0x7FFF. The value ranges + for each status code class are as follows: + + "successful" - 0x0000 to 0x00FF + "informational" - 0x0100 to 0x01FF + "redirection" - 0x0200 to 0x02FF + "client-error" - 0x0400 to 0x04FF + "server-error" - 0x0500 to 0x05FF + + The top half (128 values) of each range (0x0n40 to 0x0nFF, for n = 0 + to 5) is reserved for vendor use within each status code class. + Values 0x0600 to 0x7FFF are reserved for future assignment by IETF + standards track documents and MUST NOT be used. + +13.1 Status Codes + + Each status code is described below. Section 13.1.5.9 contains a + table that indicates which status codes apply to which operations. + The Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] describe the suggested steps for + processing IPP attributes for all operations, including returning + status codes. + +13.1.1 Informational + + This class of status code indicates a provisional response and is to + be used for informational purposes only. + + There are no status codes defined in IPP/1.1 for this class of status + code. + +13.1.2 Successful Status Codes + + This class of status code indicates that the client's request was + successfully received, understood, and accepted. + +13.1.2.1 successful-ok (0x0000) + + The request has succeeded and no request attributes were substituted + or ignored. In the case of a response to a create request, the + 'successful-ok' status code indicates that the request was + successfully received and validated, and that the Job object has been + created; it does not indicate that the job has been processed. The + transition of the Job object into the 'completed' state is the only + indicator that the job has been printed. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 178] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.2.2 successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted-attributes (0x0001) + + The request has succeeded, but some supplied (1) attributes were + ignored or (2) unsupported values were substituted with supported + values or were ignored in order to perform the operation without + rejecting it. Unsupported attributes, attribute syntaxes, or values + MUST be returned in the Unsupported Attributes group of the response + for all operations. There is an exception to this rule for the query + operations: Get-Printer-Attributes, Get-Jobs, and Get-Job-Attributes + for the "requested-attributes" operation attribute only. When the + supplied values of the "requested-attributes" operation attribute are + requesting attributes that are not supported, the IPP object MAY, but + is NOT REQUIRED to, return the "requested-attributes" attribute in + the Unsupported Attribute response group (with the unsupported values + only). See sections 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.2. + +13.1.2.3 successful-ok-conflicting-attributes (0x0002) + + The request has succeeded, but some supplied attribute values + conflicted with the values of other supplied attributes. These + conflicting values were either (1) substituted with (supported) + values or (2) the attributes were removed in order to process the job + without rejecting it. Attributes or values which conflict with other + attributes and have been substituted or ignored MUST be returned in + the Unsupported Attributes group of the response for all operations + as supplied by the client. See sections 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.2. + +13.1.3 Redirection Status Codes + + This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be + taken to fulfill the request. + + There are no status codes defined in IPP/1.1 for this class of status + code. + +13.1.4 Client Error Status Codes + + This class of status code is intended for cases in which the client + seems to have erred. The IPP object SHOULD return a message + containing an explanation of the error situation and whether it is a + temporary or permanent condition. + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 179] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.4.1 client-error-bad-request (0x0400) + + The request could not be understood by the IPP object due to + malformed syntax (such as the value of a fixed length attribute whose + length does not match the prescribed length for that attribute - see + the Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] ). The IPP application SHOULD NOT + repeat the request without modifications. + +13.1.4.2 client-error-forbidden (0x0401) + + The IPP object understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. + Additional authentication information or authorization credentials + will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. This status + code is commonly used when the IPP object does not wish to reveal + exactly why the request has been refused or when no other response is + applicable. + +13.1.4.3 client-error-not-authenticated (0x0402) + + The request requires user authentication. The IPP client may repeat + the request with suitable authentication information. If the request + already included authentication information, then this status code + indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. + If this response contains the same challenge as the prior response, + and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least + once, then the response message may contain relevant diagnostic + information. This status codes reveals more information than + "client-error-forbidden". + +13.1.4.4 client-error-not-authorized (0x0403) + + The requester is not authorized to perform the request. Additional + authentication information or authorization credentials will not help + and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. This status code is used + when the IPP object wishes to reveal that the authentication + information is understandable, however, the requester is explicitly + not authorized to perform the request. This status codes reveals + more information than "client-error-forbidden" and "client-error- + not-authenticated". + +13.1.4.5 client-error-not-possible (0x0404) + + This status code is used when the request is for something that can + not happen. For example, there might be a request to cancel a job + that has already been canceled or aborted by the system. The IPP + client SHOULD NOT repeat the request. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 180] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.4.6 client-error-timeout (0x0405) + + The client did not produce a request within the time that the IPP + object was prepared to wait. For example, a client issued a Create- + Job operation and then, after a long period of time, issued a Send- + Document operation and this error status code was returned in + response to the Send-Document request (see section 3.3.1). The IPP + object might have been forced to clean up resources that had been + held for the waiting additional Documents. The IPP object was forced + to close the Job since the client took too long. The client SHOULD + NOT repeat the request without modifications. + +13.1.4.7 client-error-not-found (0x0406) + + The IPP object has not found anything matching the request URI. No + indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or + permanent. For example, a client with an old reference to a Job (a + URI) tries to cancel the Job, however in the mean time the Job might + have been completed and all record of it at the Printer has been + deleted. This status code, 'client-error-not-found' is returned + indicating that the referenced Job can not be found. This error + status code is also used when a client supplies a URI as a reference + to the document data in either a Print-URI or Send-URI operation, but + the document can not be found. + + In practice, an IPP application should avoid a not found situation by + first querying and presenting a list of valid Printer URIs and Job + URIs to the end-user. + +13.1.4.8 client-error-gone (0x0407) + + The requested object is no longer available and no forwarding address + is known. This condition should be considered permanent. Clients + with link editing capabilities should delete references to the + request URI after user approval. If the IPP object does not know or + has no facility to determine, whether or not the condition is + permanent, the status code "client-error-not-found" should be used + instead. + + This response is primarily intended to assist the task of maintenance + by notifying the recipient that the resource is intentionally + unavailable and that the IPP object administrator desires that remote + links to that resource be removed. It is not necessary to mark all + permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or to keep the mark for + any length of time -- that is left to the discretion of the IPP + object administrator and/or Printer implementation. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 181] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.4.9 client-error-request-entity-too-large (0x0408) + + The IPP object is refusing to process a request because the request + entity is larger than the IPP object is willing or able to process. + An IPP Printer returns this status code when it limits the size of + print jobs and it receives a print job that exceeds that limit or + when the attributes are so many that their encoding causes the + request entity to exceed IPP object capacity. + +13.1.4.10 client-error-request-value-too-long (0x0409) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the request because one or more + of the client-supplied attributes has a variable length value that is + longer than the maximum length specified for that attribute. The IPP + object might not have sufficient resources (memory, buffers, etc.) to + process (even temporarily), interpret, and/or ignore a value larger + than the maximum length. Another use of this error code is when the + IPP object supports the processing of a large value that is less than + the maximum length, but during the processing of the request as a + whole, the object may pass the value onto some other system component + which is not able to accept the large value. For more details, see + the Implementer's Guide [IPP-IIG] . + + Note: For attribute values that are URIs, this rare condition is + only likely to occur when a client has improperly submitted a request + with long query information (e.g. an IPP application allows an end- + user to enter an invalid URI), when the client has descended into a + URI "black hole" of redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that + points to a suffix of itself), or when the IPP object is under attack + by a client attempting to exploit security holes present in some IPP + objects using fixed-length buffers for reading or manipulating the + Request-URI. + +13.1.4.11 client-error-document-format-not-supported (0x040A) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the request because the + document data is in a format, as specified in the "document-format" + operation attribute, that is not supported by the Printer object. + This error is returned independent of the client-supplied "ipp- + attribute-fidelity". The Printer object MUST return this status + code, even if there are other Job Template attributes that are not + supported as well, since this error is a bigger problem than with Job + Template attributes. See sections 3.1.6.1, 3.1.7, and 3.2.1.1. + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 182] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.4.12 client-error-attributes-or-values-not-supported (0x040B) + + In a create request, if the Printer object does not support one or + more attributes, attribute syntaxes, or attribute values supplied in + the request and the client supplied the "ipp-attribute-fidelity" + operation attribute with the 'true' value, the Printer object MUST + return this status code. The Printer object MUST also return in the + Unsupported Attributes Group all the attributes and/or values + supplied by the client that are not supported. See section 3.1.7. + For example, if the request indicates 'iso-a4' media, but that media + type is not supported by the Printer object. Or, if the client + supplies a Job Template attribute and the attribute itself is not + even supported by the Printer. If the "ipp-attribute-fidelity" + attribute is 'false', the Printer MUST ignore or substitute values + for unsupported Job Template attributes and values rather than reject + the request and return this status code. + + For any operation where a client requests attributes (such as a Get- + Jobs, Get-Printer-Attributes, or Get-Job-Attributes operation), if + the IPP object does not support one or more of the requested + attributes, the IPP object simply ignores the unsupported requested + attributes and processes the request as if they had not been + supplied, rather than returning this status code. In this case, the + IPP object MUST return the 'successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted- + attributes' status code and MAY return the unsupported attributes as + values of the "requested-attributes" in the Unsupported Attributes + Group (see section 13.1.2.2). + +13.1.4.13 client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported (0x040C) + + The scheme of the client-supplied URI in a Print-URI or a Send-URI + operation is not supported. See sections 3.1.6.1 and 3.1.7. + +13.1.4.14 client-error-charset-not-supported (0x040D) + + For any operation, if the IPP Printer does not support the charset + supplied by the client in the "attributes-charset" operation + attribute, the Printer MUST reject the operation and return this + status and any 'text' or 'name' attributes using the 'utf-8' charset + (see Section 3.1.4.1). See sections 3.1.6.1 and 3.1.7. + +13.1.4.15 client-error-conflicting-attributes (0x040E) + + The request is rejected because some attribute values conflicted with + the values of other attributes which this document does not permit to + be substituted or ignored. The Printer object MUST also return in + the Unsupported Attributes Group the conflicting attributes supplied + by the client. See sections 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.2. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 183] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.4.16 client-error-compression-not-supported (0x040F) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the request because the + document data, as specified in the "compression" operation attribute, + is compressed in a way that is not supported by the Printer object. + This error is returned independent of the client-supplied "ipp- + attribute-fidelity". The Printer object MUST return this status + code, even if there are other Job Template attributes that are not + supported as well, since this error is a bigger problem than with Job + Template attributes. See sections 3.1.6.1, 3.1.7, and 3.2.1.1. + +13.1.4.17 client-error-compression-error (0x0410) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the request because the + document data cannot be decompressed when using the algorithm + specified by the "compression" operation attribute. This error is + returned independent of the client-supplied "ipp-attribute-fidelity". + The Printer object MUST return this status code, even if there are + Job Template attributes that are not supported as well, since this + error is a bigger problem than with Job Template attributes. See + sections 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.1. + +13.1.4.18 client-error-document-format-error (0x0411) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the request because Printer + encountered an error in the document data while interpreting it. + This error is returned independent of the client-supplied "ipp- + attribute-fidelity". The Printer object MUST return this status + code, even if there are Job Template attributes that are not + supported as well, since this error is a bigger problem than with Job + Template attributes. See sections 3.1.7 and 3.2.1.1. + +13.1.4.19 client-error-document-access-error (0x0412) + + The IPP object is refusing to service the Print-URI or Send-URI + request because Printer encountered an access error while attempting + to validate the accessibility or access the document data specified + in the "document-uri" operation attribute. The Printer MAY also + return a specific document access error code using the "document- + access-error" operation attribute (see section 3.1.6.4). This error + is returned independent of the client-supplied "ipp-attribute- + fidelity". The Printer object MUST return this status code, even if + there are Job Template attributes that are not supported as well, + since this error is a bigger problem than with Job Template + attributes. See sections 3.1.6.1 and 3.1.7. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 184] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.5 Server Error Status Codes + + This class of status codes indicates cases in which the IPP object is + aware that it has erred or is incapable of performing the request. + The IPP object SHOULD include a message containing an explanation of + the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent + condition. + +13.1.5.1 server-error-internal-error (0x0500) + + The IPP object encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it + from fulfilling the request. This error status code differs from + "server-error-temporary-error" in that it implies a more permanent + type of internal error. It also differs from "server-error-device- + error" in that it implies an unexpected condition (unlike a paper-jam + or out-of-toner problem which is undesirable but expected). This + error status code indicates that probably some knowledgeable human + intervention is required. + +13.1.5.2 server-error-operation-not-supported (0x0501) + + The IPP object does not support the functionality required to fulfill + the request. This is the appropriate response when the IPP object + does not recognize an operation or is not capable of supporting it. + See sections 3.1.6.1 and 3.1.7. + +13.1.5.3 server-error-service-unavailable (0x0502) + + The IPP object is currently unable to handle the request due to a + temporary overloading or maintenance of the IPP object. The + implication is that this is a temporary condition which will be + alleviated after some delay. If known, the length of the delay may be + indicated in the message. If no delay is given, the IPP application + should handle the response as it would for a "server-error- + temporary-error" response. If the condition is more permanent, the + error status codes "client-error-gone" or "client-error-not-found" + could be used. + +13.1.5.4 server-error-version-not-supported (0x0503) + + The IPP object does not support, or refuses to support, the IPP + protocol version that was supplied as the value of the "version- + number" operation parameter in the request. The IPP object is + indicating that it is unable or unwilling to complete the request + using the same major and minor version number as supplied in the + request other than with this error message. The error response SHOULD + contain a "status-message" attribute (see section 3.1.6.2) describing + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 185] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + why that version is not supported and what other versions are + supported by that IPP object. See sections 3.1.6.1, 3.1.7, and + 3.1.8. + + The error response MUST identify in the "version-number" operation + parameter the closest version number that the IPP object does + support. For example, if a client supplies version '1.0' and an + IPP/1.1 object supports version '1.0', then it responds with version + '1.0' in all responses to such a request. If the IPP/1.1 object does + not support version '1.0', then it should accept the request and + respond with version '1.1' or may reject the request and respond with + this error code and version + '1.1'. If a client supplies a version '1.2', the IPP/1.1 object + should accept the request and return version '1.1' or may reject the + request and respond with this error code and version '1.1'. See + sections 3.1.8 and 4.4.14. + +13.1.5.5 server-error-device-error (0x0504) + + A printer error, such as a paper jam, occurs while the IPP object + processes a Print or Send operation. The response contains the true + Job Status (the values of the "job-state" and "job-state-reasons" + attributes). Additional information can be returned in the OPTIONAL + "job-state-message" attribute value or in the OPTIONAL status message + that describes the error in more detail. This error status code is + only returned in situations where the Printer is unable to accept the + create request because of such a device error. For example, if the + Printer is unable to spool, and can only accept one job at a time, + the reason it might reject a create request is that the printer + currently has a paper jam. In many cases however, where the Printer + object can accept the request even though the Printer has some error + condition, the 'successful-ok' status code will be returned. In such + a case, the client would look at the returned Job Object Attributes + or later query the Printer to determine its state and state reasons. + +13.1.5.6 server-error-temporary-error (0x0505) + + A temporary error such as a buffer full write error, a memory + overflow (i.e. the document data exceeds the memory of the Printer), + or a disk full condition, occurs while the IPP Printer processes an + operation. The client MAY try the unmodified request again at some + later point in time with an expectation that the temporary internal + error condition may have been cleared. Alternatively, as an + implementation option, a Printer object MAY delay the response until + the temporary condition is cleared so that no error is returned. + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 186] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +13.1.5.7 server-error-not-accepting-jobs (0x0506) + + A temporary error indicating that the Printer is not currently + accepting jobs, because the administrator has set the value of the + Printer's "printer-is-accepting-jobs" attribute to 'false' (by means + outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document). + +13.1.5.8 server-error-busy (0x0507) + + A temporary error indicating that the Printer is too busy processing + jobs and/or other requests. The client SHOULD try the unmodified + request again at some later point in time with an expectation that + the temporary busy condition will have been cleared. + +13.1.5.9 server-error-job-canceled (0x0508) + + An error indicating that the job has been canceled by an operator or + the system while the client was transmitting the data to the IPP + Printer. If a job-id and job-uri had been created, then they are + returned in the Print-Job, Send-Document, or Send-URI response as + usual; otherwise, no job-id and job-uri are returned in the response. + +13.1.5.10 server-error-multiple-document-jobs-not-supported (0x0509) + + The IPP object does not support multiple documents per job and a + client attempted to supply document data with a second Send-Document + or Send-URI operation. + +13.2 Status Codes for IPP Operations + + PJ = Print-Job, PU = Print-URI, CJ = Create-Job, SD = Send-Document + SU = Send-URI, V = Validate-Job, GA = Get-Job-Attributes and + Get-Printer-Attributes, GJ = Get-Jobs, C = Cancel-Job + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 187] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + IPP Operations + IPP Status Keyword PJ PU CJ SD SU V GA GJ C + ------------------ -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- - + successful-ok x x x x x x x x x + successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted- x x x x x x x x x + attributes + successful-ok-conflicting-attributes x x x x x x x x x + client-error-bad-request x x x x x x x x x + client-error-forbidden x x x x x x x x x + client-error-not-authenticated x x x x x x x x x + client-error-not-authorized x x x x x x x x x + client-error-not-possible x x x x x x x x x + client-error-timeout x x + client-error-not-found x x x x x x x x x + client-error-gone x x x x x x x x x + client-error-request-entity-too-large x x x x x x x x x + client-error-request-value-too-long x x x x x x x x x + client-error-document-format-not- x x x x x x + supported + client-error-attributes-or-values-not- x x x x x x x x x + supported + client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported x x + client-error-charset-not-supported x x x x x x x x x + client-error-conflicting-attributes x x x x x x x x x + client-error-compression-not-supported x x x x x + client-error-compression-error x x x x + client-error-document-format-error x x x x + client-error-document-access-error x x + server-error-internal-error x x x x x x x x x + server-error-operation-not-supported x x x x + server-error-service-unavailable x x x x x x x x x + server-error-version-not-supported x x x x x x x x x + server-error-device-error x x x x x + server-error-temporary-error x x x x x + server-error-not-accepting-jobs x x x x + server-error-busy x x x x x x x x x + server-error-job-canceled x x x + server-error-multiple-document-jobs- x x + not-supported + + HJ = Hold-Job, RJ = Release-Job, RS = Restart-Job + PP = Pause-Printer, RP = Resume-Printer, PJ = Purge-Jobs + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 188] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + IPP Operations (cont.) + IPP Status Keyword HJ RJ RS PP RP PJ + ------------------ -- -- -- -- -- -- + successful-ok x x x x x x + successful-ok-ignored-or-substituted- x x x x x x + attributes + successful-ok-conflicting-attributes x x x x x x + client-error-bad-request x x x x x x + client-error-forbidden x x x x x x + client-error-not-authenticated x x x x x x + client-error-not-authorized x x x x x x + client-error-not-possible x x x x x x + client-error-timeout + client-error-not-found x x x x x x + client-error-gone x x x x x x + client-error-request-entity-too-large x x x x x x + client-error-request-value-too-long x x x x x x + client-error-document-format-not- + supported + client-error-attributes-or-values-not- x x x x x x + supported + client-error-uri-scheme-not-supported + client-error-charset-not-supported x x x x x x + client-error-conflicting-attributes x x x x x x + client-error-compression-not-supported + client-error-compression-error + client-error-document-format-error + client-error-document-access-error + server-error-internal-error x x x x x x + server-error-operation-not-supported x x x x x x + server-error-service-unavailable x x x x x x + server-error-version-not-supported x x x x x x + server-error-device-error + server-error-temporary-error x x x x x x + server-error-not-accepting-jobs + server-error-busy x x x x x x + server-error-job-canceled + server-error-multiple-document-jobs- + not-supported + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 189] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +14. APPENDIX C: "media" keyword values + + Standard keyword values are taken from several sources. + + Standard values are defined (taken from DPA[ISO10175] and the Printer + MIB[RFC1759]): + + 'default': The default medium for the output device + 'iso-a4-white': Specifies the ISO A4 white medium: 210 mm x 297 mm + 'iso-a4-colored': Specifies the ISO A4 colored medium: 210 mm x 297 + mm + 'iso-a4-transparent' Specifies the ISO A4 transparent medium: 210 mm + x 297 mm + 'iso-a3-white': Specifies the ISO A3 white medium: 297 mm x 420 mm + 'iso-a3-colored': Specifies the ISO A3 colored medium: 297 mm x 420 + mm + 'iso-a5-white': Specifies the ISO A5 white medium: 148 mm x 210 mm + 'iso-a5-colored': Specifies the ISO A5 colored medium: 148 mm x 210 + mm + 'iso-b4-white': Specifies the ISO B4 white medium: 250 mm x 353 mm + 'iso-b4-colored': Specifies the ISO B4 colored medium: 250 mm x 353 + mm + 'iso-b5-white': Specifies the ISO B5 white medium: 176 mm x 250 mm + 'iso-b5-colored': Specifies the ISO B5 colored medium: 176 mm x 250 + mm + 'jis-b4-white': Specifies the JIS B4 white medium: 257 mm x 364 mm + 'jis-b4-colored': Specifies the JIS B4 colored medium: 257 mm x 364 + mm + 'jis-b5-white': Specifies the JIS B5 white medium: 182 mm x 257 mm + 'jis-b5-colored': Specifies the JIS B5 colored medium: 182 mm x 257 + mm + + The following standard values are defined for North American media: + + 'na-letter-white': Specifies the North American letter white medium + 'na-letter-colored': Specifies the North American letter colored + medium + 'na-letter-transparent': Specifies the North American letter + transparent medium + 'na-legal-white': Specifies the North American legal white medium + 'na-legal-colored': Specifies the North American legal colored + medium + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 190] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following standard values are defined for envelopes: + + 'iso-b4-envelope': Specifies the ISO B4 envelope medium + 'iso-b5-envelope': Specifies the ISO B5 envelope medium + 'iso-c3-envelope': Specifies the ISO C3 envelope medium + 'iso-c4-envelope': Specifies the ISO C4 envelope medium + 'iso-c5-envelope': Specifies the ISO C5 envelope medium + 'iso-c6-envelope': Specifies the ISO C6 envelope medium + 'iso-designated-long-envelope': Specifies the ISO Designated Long + envelope medium + 'na-10x13-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x13 envelope + medium + 'na-9x12-envelope': Specifies the North American 9x12 envelope + medium + 'monarch-envelope': Specifies the Monarch envelope + 'na-number-10-envelope': Specifies the North American number 10 + business envelope medium + 'na-7x9-envelope': Specifies the North American 7x9 inch envelope + 'na-9x11-envelope': Specifies the North American 9x11 inch + envelope + 'na-10x14-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x14 inch + envelope + 'na-number-9-envelope': Specifies the North American number 9 + business envelope + 'na-6x9-envelope': Specifies the North American 6x9 inch envelope + 'na-10x15-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x15 inch + envelope + + The following standard values are defined for the less commonly used + media: + + 'executive-white': Specifies the white executive medium + 'folio-white': Specifies the folio white medium + 'invoice-white': Specifies the white invoice medium + 'ledger-white': Specifies the white ledger medium + 'quarto-white': Specified the white quarto medium + 'iso-a0-white': Specifies the ISO A0 white medium: 841 mm x 1189 mm + 'iso-a0-transparent': Specifies the ISO A0 transparent medium: 841 mm + x 1189 mm + 'iso-a0-translucent': Specifies the ISO A0 translucent medium: 841 mm + x 1189 mm + 'iso-a1-white': Specifies the ISO A1 white medium: 594 mm x 841 mm + 'iso-a1-transparent': Specifies the ISO A1 transparent medium: 594 mm + x 841 mm + 'iso-a1-translucent': Specifies the ISO A1 translucent medium: 594 mm + x 841 mm + 'iso-a2-white': Specifies the ISO A2 white medium: 420 mm x 594 mm + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 191] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'iso-a2-transparent': Specifies the ISO A2 transparent medium: 420 mm + x 594 mm + 'iso-a2-translucent': Specifies the ISO A2 translucent medium: 420 mm + x 594 mm + 'iso-a3-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3 transparent medium: 297 mm + x 420 mm + 'iso-a3-translucent': Specifies the ISO A3 translucent medium: 297 mm + x 420 mm + 'iso-a4-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4 translucent medium: 210 mm + x 297 mm + 'iso-a5-transparent': Specifies the ISO A5 transparent medium: 148 mm + x 210 mm + 'iso-a5-translucent': Specifies the ISO A5 translucent medium: 148 mm + x 210 mm + 'iso-a6-white': Specifies the ISO A6 white medium: 105 mm x 148 mm + 'iso-a7-white': Specifies the ISO A7 white medium: 74 mm x 105 mm + 'iso-a8-white': Specifies the ISO A8 white medium: 52 mm x 74 mm + 'iso-a9-white': Specifies the ISO A9 white medium: 37 mm x 52 mm + 'iso-a10-white': Specifies the ISO A10 white medium: 26 mm x 37 mm + 'iso-b0-white': Specifies the ISO B0 white medium: 1000 mm x 1414 mm + 'iso-b1-white': Specifies the ISO B1 white medium: 707 mm x 1000 mm + 'iso-b2-white': Specifies the ISO B2 white medium: 500 mm x 707 mm + 'iso-b3-white': Specifies the ISO B3 white medium: 353 mm x 500 mm + 'iso-b6-white': Specifies the ISO B6 white medium: 125 mm x 176 mm + 'iso-b7-white': Specifies the ISO B7 white medium: 88 mm x 125 mm + 'iso-b8-white': Specifies the ISO B8 white medium: 62 mm x 88 mm + 'iso-b9-white': Specifies the ISO B9 white medium: 44 mm x 62 mm + 'iso-b10-white': Specifies the ISO B10 white medium: 31 mm x 44 mm + 'jis-b0-white': Specifies the JIS B0 white medium: 1030 mm x 1456 mm + 'jis-b0-transparent': Specifies the JIS B0 transparent medium: 1030 + mm x 1456 mm + 'jis-b0-translucent': Specifies the JIS B0 translucent medium: 1030 + mm x 1456 mm + 'jis-b1-white': Specifies the JIS B1 white medium: 728 mm x 1030 mm + 'jis-b1-transparent': Specifies the JIS B1 transparent medium: 728 mm + x 1030 mm + 'jis-b1-translucent': Specifies the JIS B1 translucent medium: 728 mm + x 1030 mm + 'jis-b2-white': Specifies the JIS B2 white medium: 515 mm x 728 mm + 'jis-b2-transparent': Specifies the JIS B2 transparent medium: 515 mm + x 728 mm + 'jis-b2-translucent': Specifies the JIS B2 translucent medium: 515 mm + x 728 mm + 'jis-b3-white': Specifies the JIS B3 white medium: 364 mm x 515 mm + 'jis-b3-transparent': Specifies the JIS B3 transparent medium: 364 mm + x 515 mm + 'jis-b3-translucent': Specifies the JIS B3 translucent medium: 364 mm + x 515 mm + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 192] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'jis-b4-transparent': Specifies the JIS B4 transparent medium: 257 mm + x 364 mm + 'jis-b4-translucent': Specifies the JIS B4 translucent medium: 257 mm + x 364 mm + 'jis-b5-transparent': Specifies the JIS B5 transparent medium: 182 mm + x 257 mm + 'jis-b5-translucent': Specifies the JIS B5 translucent medium: 182 mm + x 257 mm + 'jis-b6-white': Specifies the JIS B6 white medium: 128 mm x 182 mm + 'jis-b7-white': Specifies the JIS B7 white medium: 91 mm x 128 mm + 'jis-b8-white': Specifies the JIS B8 white medium: 64 mm x 91 mm + 'jis-b9-white': Specifies the JIS B9 white medium: 45 mm x 64 mm + 'jis-b10-white': Specifies the JIS B10 white medium: 32 mm x 45 mm + + The following standard values are defined for American Standard (i.e. + ANSI) engineering media: + + 'a-white': Specifies the engineering ANSI A size white medium: 8.5 + inches x 11 inches + 'a-transparent': Specifies the engineering ANSI A size transparent + medium: 8.5 inches x 11 inches + 'a-translucent': Specifies the engineering ANSI A size translucent + medium: 8.5 inches x 11 inches + 'b-white': Specifies the engineering ANSI B size white medium: 11 + inches x 17 inches + 'b-transparent': Specifies the engineering ANSI B size transparent + medium: 11 inches x 17 inches) + 'b-translucent': Specifies the engineering ANSI B size translucent + medium: 11 inches x 17 inches + 'c-white': Specifies the engineering ANSI C size white medium: 17 + inches x 22 inches + 'c-transparent': Specifies the engineering ANSI C size transparent + medium: 17 inches x 22 inches + 'c-translucent': Specifies the engineering ANSI C size translucent + medium: 17 inches x 22 inches + 'd-white': Specifies the engineering ANSI D size white medium: 22 + inches x 34 inches + 'd-transparent': Specifies the engineering ANSI D size transparent + medium: 22 inches x 34 inches + 'd-translucent': Specifies the engineering ANSI D size translucent + medium: 22 inches x 34 inches + 'e-white': Specifies the engineering ANSI E size white medium: 34 + inches x 44 inches + 'e-transparent': Specifies the engineering ANSI E size transparent + medium: 34 inches x 44 inches + 'e-translucent': Specifies the engineering ANSI E size translucent + medium: 34 inches x 44 inches + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 193] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following standard values are defined for American Standard (i.e. + ANSI) engineering media for devices that provide the "synchro-cut" + feature (see section 14.1): + + 'axsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of the + longer edge (11 inches) of the engineering ANSI A size white medium + and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'axsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (11 inches) of the engineering ANSI A size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'axsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (11 inches) of the engineering ANSI A size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'bxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of the + longer edge (17 inches) of the engineering ANSI B size white medium + and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'bxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (17 inches) of the engineering ANSI B size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'bxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (17 inches) of the engineering ANSI B size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'cxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of the + longer edge (22 inches) of the engineering ANSI C size white medium + and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'cxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (22 inches) of the engineering ANSI C size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'cxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (22 inches) of the engineering ANSI C size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'dxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of the + longer edge (34 inches) of the engineering ANSI D size white medium + and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'dxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (34 inches) of the engineering ANSI D size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'dxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (34 inches) of the engineering ANSI D size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'exsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of the + longer edge (44 inches) of the engineering ANSI E size white medium + and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'exsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (44 inches) of the engineering ANSI E size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 194] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'exsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (44 inches) of the engineering ANSI E size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + + The following standard values are defined for American Architectural + engineering media: + + 'arch-a-white': Specifies the Architectural A size white medium: 9 + inches x 12 inches + 'arch-a-transparent': Specifies the Architectural A size transparent + medium: 9 inches x 12 inches + 'arch-a-translucent': Specifies the Architectural A size translucent + medium: 9 inches x 12 inches + 'arch-b-white': Specifies the Architectural B size white medium: 12 + inches x 18 inches + 'arch-b-transparent': Specifies the Architectural B size transparent + medium: 12 inches x 18 inches + 'arch-b-translucent': Specifies the Architectural B size translucent + medium: 12 inches x 18 inches + 'arch-c-white': Specifies the Architectural C size white medium: 18 + inches x 24 inches + 'arch-c-transparent': Specifies the Architectural C size transparent + medium: 18 inches x 24 inches + 'arch-c-translucent': Specifies the Architectural C size translucent + medium: 18 inches x 24 inches + 'arch-d-white': Specifies the Architectural D size white medium: 24 + inches x 36 inches + 'arch-d-transparent': Specifies the Architectural D size transparent + medium: 24 inches x 36 inches + 'arch-d-translucent': Specifies the Architectural D size translucent + medium: 24 inches x 36 inches + 'arch-e-white': Specifies the Architectural E size white medium: 36 + inches x 48 inches + 'arch-e-transparent': Specifies the Architectural E size transparent + medium: 36 inches x 48 inches + 'arch-e-translucent': Specifies the Architectural E size translucent + medium: 36 inches x 48 inches + + The following standard values are defined for American Architectural + engineering media for devices that provide the "synchro-cut" feature + (see section 14.1): + + 'arch-axsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (12 inches) of the Architectural A size white + medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-axsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (12 inches) of the Architectural A size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 195] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'arch-axsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (12 inches) of the Architectural A size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-bxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (18 inches) of the Architectural B size white + medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-bxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (18 inches) of the Architectural B size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-bxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (18 inches) of the Architectural B size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-cxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (24 inches) of the Architectural C size white + medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-cxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (24 inches) of the Architectural C size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-cxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (24 inches) of the Architectural C size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-dxsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (36 inches) of the Architectural D size white + medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-dxsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (36 inches) of the Architectural D size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-dxsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (36 inches) of the Architectural D size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-exsynchro-white': Specifies the roll paper having the width of + the longer edge (48 inches) of the Architectural E size white + medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-exsynchro-transparent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (48 inches) of the Architectural E size + transparent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + 'arch-exsynchro-translucent': Specifies the roll paper having the + width of the longer edge (48 inches) of the Architectural E size + translucent medium and cuts synchronizing with data. + + The following standard values are defined for Japanese and European + Standard (i.e. ISO) engineering media, which are of a long fixed size + [ASME-Y14.1M]: + + 'iso-a1x3-white': Specifies the ISO A1X3 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 medium + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 196] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'iso-a1x3-transparent': Specifies the ISO A1X3 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 + medium + 'iso-a1x3-translucent': Specifies the ISO A1X3 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 + medium + 'iso-a1x4-white': Specifies the ISO A1X4 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 medium + 'iso-a1x4-transparent': Specifies the ISO A1X4 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 + medium + 'iso-a1x4- translucent': Specifies the ISO A1X4 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 + medium + 'iso-a2x3-white': Specifies the ISO A2X3 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 medium + 'iso-a2x3-transparent': Specifies the ISO A2X3 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a2x3-translucent': Specifies the ISO A2X3 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a2x4-white': Specifies the ISO A2X4 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 medium + 'iso-a2x4-transparent': Specifies the ISO A2X4 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a2x4-translucent': Specifies the ISO A2X4 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a2x5-white': Specifies the ISO A2X5 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 medium + 'iso-a2x5-transparent': Specifies the ISO A2X5 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a2x5-translucent': Specifies the ISO A2X5 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 + medium + 'iso-a3x3-white': Specifies the ISO A3X3 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 medium + 'iso-a3x3-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3X3 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x3-translucent': Specifies the ISO A3X3 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x4-white': Specifies the ISO A3X4 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 medium + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 197] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'iso-a3x4-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3X4 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x4-translucent': Specifies the ISO A3X4 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x5-white': Specifies the ISO A3X5 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 medium + 'iso-a3x5-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3X5 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x5-translucent': Specifies the ISO A3X5 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x6-white': Specifies the ISO A3X6 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 medium + 'iso-a3x6-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3X6 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x6-translucent': Specifies the ISO A3X6 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x7-white': Specifies the ISO A3X7 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 medium + 'iso-a3x7-transparent': Specifies the ISO A3X7 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a3x7-translucent'': Specifies the ISO A3X7 translucent' medium + having the width of the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 + medium + 'iso-a4x3-white': Specifies the ISO A4X3 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x3-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X3 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x3-translucent'': Specifies the ISO A4X3 translucent' medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x4-white': Specifies the ISO A4X4 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x4-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X4 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x4-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X4 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x5-white': Specifies the ISO A4X5 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 198] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'iso-a4x5-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X5 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x5-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X5 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x6-white': Specifies the ISO A4X6 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x6-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X6 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x6-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X6 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x7-white': Specifies the ISO A4X7 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x7-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X7 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x7-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X7 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x8-white': Specifies the ISO A4X8 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x8-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X8 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x8-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X8 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x9-white': Specifies the ISO A4X9 white medium having the + width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 medium + 'iso-a4x9-transparent': Specifies the ISO A4X9 transparent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + 'iso-a4x9-translucent': Specifies the ISO A4X9 translucent medium + having the width of the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 + medium + + The following standard values are defined for Japanese and European + Standard (i.e. ISO) engineering media, which are either a long fixed + size [ASME-Y14.1M] or roll feed, for devices that provide the + "synchro-cut" feature (see section 14.1): + + 'iso-a0xsynchro-white': Specifies the paper having the width of the + longer edge (1189 mm) of the ISO A0 white medium and cuts + synchronizing with data. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 199] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'iso-a0xsynchro-transparent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (1189 mm) of the ISO A0 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a0xsynchro-translucent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (1189 mm) of the ISO A0 translucent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a1xsynchro-white': Specifies the paper having the width of the + longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 white medium and cuts + synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a1xsynchro-transparent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a1xsynchro-translucent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (841 mm) of the ISO A1 translucent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a2xsynchro-white': Specifies the paper having the width of the + longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 white medium and cuts + synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a2xsynchro-transparent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a2xsynchro-translucent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (594 mm) of the ISO A2 translucent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a3xsynchro-white': Specifies the paper having the width of the + longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 white medium and cuts + synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a3xsynchro-transparent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a3xsynchro-translucent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (420 mm) of the ISO A3 translucent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a4xsynchro-white': Specifies the paper having the width of the + longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 white medium and cuts + synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a4xsynchro-transparent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + 'iso-a4xsynchro-translucent': Specifies the paper having the width of + the longer edge (297 mm) of the ISO A4 transparent medium and + cuts synchronizing with data. + + The following standard values are defined for American Standard (i.e. + ANSI) engineering media, American Architectural engineering media, + and Japanese and European Standard (i.e. ISO) engineering media, + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 200] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + which are either a long fixed size [ASME-Y14.1M] or roll feed, for + devices that provide the "synchro-cut" feature and/or the "auto- + select" feature (see section 14.1): + + 'auto-white': Specifies that the printer selects the white medium + with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, etc.) or data- + synchro size, and the selection is implementation-defined. + 'auto-transparent': Specifies that the printer selects the + transparent medium with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, + etc.) or data-synchro size, and the selection is implementation- + defined. + 'auto-translucent': Specifies that the printer selects the + translucent medium with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, + etc.) or data-synchro size, and the selection is implementation- + defined. + 'auto-fixed-size-white': Specifies that the printer selects the white + medium with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, etc.) or + the appropriate long fixed size listed above. + 'auto-fixed-size-transparent': Specifies that the printer selects the + transparent medium with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, + etc.) or the appropriate long fixed size listed above. + 'auto-fixed-size-translucent': Specifies that the printer selects the + translucent medium with the appropriate fixed size (e.g. a1, a2, + etc.) or the appropriate long fixed size listed above. + 'auto-synchro-white': Specifies that the printer selects the white + paper with the appropriate width and cuts it synchronizing with + data. + 'auto-synchro-transparent': Specifies that the printer selects the + transparent paper with the appropriate width and cuts it + synchronizing with data. + 'auto-synchro-translucent': Specifies that the printer selects the + translucent paper with the appropriate width and cuts it + synchronizing with data. + + The following standard values are defined for input-trays (from ISO + DPA and the Printer MIB): + + 'top': The top input tray in the printer. + 'middle': The middle input tray in the printer. + 'bottom': The bottom input tray in the printer. + 'envelope': The envelope input tray in the printer. + 'manual': The manual feed input tray in the printer. + 'large-capacity': The large capacity input tray in the printer. + 'main': The main input tray + 'side': The side input tray + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 201] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following standard values are defined for media sizes (from ISO + DPA): + + 'iso-a0': Specifies the ISO A0 size: 841 mm by 1189 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a1': Specifies the ISO A1 size: 594 mm by 841 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a2': Specifies the ISO A2 size: 420 mm by 594 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a3': Specifies the ISO A3 size: 297 mm by 420 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a4': Specifies the ISO A4 size: 210 mm by 297 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a5': Specifies the ISO A5 size: 148 mm by 210 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a6': Specifies the ISO A6 size: 105 mm by 148 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a7': Specifies the ISO A7 size: 74 mm by 105 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-a8': Specifies the ISO A8 size: 52 mm by 74 mm as defined in ISO + 216 + 'iso-a9': Specifies the ISO A9 size: 37 mm by 52 mm as defined in ISO + 216 + 'iso-a10': Specifies the ISO A10 size: 26 mm by 37 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b0': Specifies the ISO B0 size: 1000 mm by 1414 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b1': Specifies the ISO B1 size: 707 mm by 1000 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b2': Specifies the ISO B2 size: 500 mm by 707 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b3': Specifies the ISO B3 size: 353 mm by 500 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b4': Specifies the ISO B4 size: 250 mm by 353 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b5': Specifies the ISO B5 size: 176 mm by 250 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b6': Specifies the ISO B6 size: 125 mm by 176 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b7': Specifies the ISO B7 size: 88 mm by 125 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + 'iso-b8': Specifies the ISO B8 size: 62 mm by 88 mm as defined in ISO + 216 + 'iso-b9': Specifies the ISO B9 size: 44 mm by 62 mm as defined in ISO + 216 + 'iso-b10': Specifies the ISO B10 size: 31 mm by 44 mm as defined in + ISO 216 + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 202] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'na-letter': Specifies the North American letter size: 8.5 inches by + 11 inches + 'na-legal': Specifies the North American legal size: 8.5 inches by 14 + inches + 'na-8x10': Specifies the North American 8 inches by 10 inches + 'na-5x7': Specifies the North American 5 inches by 7 inches + 'executive': Specifies the executive size (7.25 X 10.5 in) + 'folio': Specifies the folio size (8.5 X 13 in) + 'invoice': Specifies the invoice size (5.5 X 8.5 in) + 'ledger': Specifies the ledger size (11 X 17 in) + 'quarto': Specifies the quarto size (8.5 X 10.83 in) + 'iso-c3': Specifies the ISO C3 size: 324 mm by 458 mm as defined in + ISO 269 + 'iso-c4': Specifies the ISO C4 size: 229 mm by 324 mm as defined in + ISO 269 + 'iso-c5': Specifies the ISO C5 size: 162 mm by 229 mm as defined in + ISO 269 + 'iso-c6': Specifies the ISO C6 size: 114 mm by 162 mm as defined in + ISO 269 + 'iso-designated-long': Specifies the ISO Designated Long size: 110 mm + by 220 mm as defined in ISO 269 + 'na-10x13-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x13 size: 10 + inches by 13 inches + 'na-9x12-envelope': Specifies the North American 9x12 size: 9 inches + by 12 inches + 'na-number-10-envelope': Specifies the North American number 10 + business envelope size: 4.125 inches by 9.5 inches + 'na-7x9-envelope': Specifies the North American 7x9 inch envelope + size + 'na-9x11-envelope': Specifies the North American 9x11 inch envelope + size + 'na-10x14-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x14 inch envelope + size + 'na-number-9-envelope': Specifies the North American number 9 + business envelope size + 'na-6x9-envelope': Specifies the North American 6x9 envelope size + 'na-10x15-envelope': Specifies the North American 10x15 envelope size + 'monarch-envelope': Specifies the Monarch envelope size (3.87 x 7.5 + in) + 'jis-b0': Specifies the JIS B0 size: 1030mm x 1456mm + 'jis-b1': Specifies the JIS B1 size: 728mm x 1030mm + 'jis-b2': Specifies the JIS B2 size: 515mm x 728mm + 'jis-b3': Specifies the JIS B3 size: 364mm x 515mm + 'jis-b4': Specifies the JIS B4 size: 257mm x 364mm + 'jis-b5': Specifies the JIS B5 size: 182mm x 257mm + 'jis-b6': Specifies the JIS B6 size: 128mm x 182mm + 'jis-b7': Specifies the JIS B7 size: 91mm x 128mm + 'jis-b8': Specifies the JIS B8 size: 64mm x 91mm + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 203] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 'jis-b9': Specifies the JIS B9 size: 45mm x 64mm + 'jis-b10': Specifies the JIS B10 size: 32mm x 45mm + + The following standard values are defined for American Standard (i.e. + ANSI) engineering media sizes: + + 'a': Specifies the engineering ANSI A size medium: 8.5 inches x 11 + inches + 'b': Specifies the engineering ANSI B size medium: 11 inches x 17 + inches + 'c': Specifies the engineering ANSI C size medium: 17 inches x 22 + inches + 'd': Specifies the engineering ANSI D size medium: 22 inches x 34 + inches + 'e': Specifies the engineering ANSI E size medium: 34 inches x 44 + inches + + The following standard values are defined for American Architectural + engineering media sizes: + + 'arch-a': Specifies the Architectural A size medium: 9 inches x 12 + inches + 'arch-b': Specifies the Architectural B size medium: 12 inches x 18 + inches + 'arch-c': Specifies the Architectural C size medium: 18 inches x 24 + inches + 'arch-d': Specifies the Architectural D size medium: 24 inches x 36 + inches + 'arch-e': Specifies the Architectural E size medium: 36 inches x 48 + inches + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 204] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +14.1. Examples + + Below are examples to supplement the engineering media value + definitions. + + Example 1: "Synchro-Cut", a device cutting the roll paper in + synchronization with the data + + data height: A1 height + data width (shaded): A1 width < data width < (A1 width) x 2 + specified value: 'iso-a1xsynchro-white' + + | | + |<--- data width --->| + | | + | | | | + |<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->| + | | | | + cross ^ | | | | + feed | +--------------------------------------------/ + direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ / + | |//////////////|/////| | | / + | |//////////////|/////| | | / + | |//////////////|/////| | | \ +<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll +feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper +direction |//////////////|/////| | | \ + |//////////////|/////| | | / + |//////////////|/////| | v / + +------------------------------------------/ + | + | + |<------ CUT HERE (to synchronize + | with data width) + | + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 205] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Example 2: "Auto-Cut", a device cutting the roll paper at multiples + of fixed-size media width + + data height: A1 height + data width (shaded): A1 width < data width < (A1 width) x 2 + specified value: 'auto-fixed-size-white' + + | | + |<--- data width --->| + | | + | | | | + |<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->| + | | | | + cross ^ | | | | + feed | +--------------------------------------------/ + direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ / + | |//////////////|/////| | | / + | |//////////////|/////| | | / + | |//////////////|/////| | | \ +<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll +feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper +direction |//////////////|/////| | | \ + |//////////////|/////| | | / + |//////////////|/////| | v / + +------------------------------------------/ + | + | + |<--- CUT HERE + | (to synchronize + | with data width) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 206] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Example 3: the 'iso-a4x4-white' fixed size paper + + paper height: A4 height + paper width: (A4 width) x 4 + specified value: 'iso-a4x4-white' + + | | | | | + |<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->| + | | | | | + | | | | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | ^ | | | | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + | A4 | | | | + | height | | | | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + | | | | | | + | v | | | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 207] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Example 4: "Synchro-Cut", a device cutting the fixed size paper in + synchronization with the data + + data height: A4 height + data width (shaded): (A4 width) x 2 < data width < (A4 width) x 3 + specified value: 'iso-a4xsynchro-white' + + | | + |<---------- data width ----------->| + | | + | | | | | + |<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->| + | | | | | + cross ^ | | | | | + feed | +--------------------------------------------+ + direction | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| ^ | + | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | | + | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | | + | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | | + <-----------+- |//////////////|//////////////|/////| A4 | + feed | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| height | + direction |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | | + |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | | + |//////////////|//////////////|/////| v | + +--------------------------------------------+ + | + CUT HERE ---->| + (to synchronize | + with data width) | + +15. APPENDIX D: Processing IPP Attributes + + When submitting a print job to a Printer object, the IPP model allows + a client to supply operation and Job Template attributes along with + the document data. These Job Template attributes in the create + request affect the rendering, production and finishing of the + documents in the job. Similar types of instructions may also be + contained in the document to be printed, that is, embedded within the + print data itself. In addition, the Printer has a set of attributes + that describe what rendering and finishing options which are + supported by that Printer. This model, which allows for flexibility + and power, also introduces the potential that at job submission time, + these client-supplied attributes may conflict with either: + + - what the implementation is capable of realizing (i.e., what the + Printer supports), as well as + - the instructions embedded within the print data itself. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 208] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The following sections describe how these two types of conflicts are + handled in the IPP model. + +15.1 Fidelity + + If there is a conflict between what the client requests and what a + Printer object supports, the client may request one of two possible + conflict handling mechanisms: + + 1) either reject the job since the job can not be processed + exactly as specified, or + 2) allow the Printer to make any changes necessary to proceed with + processing the Job the best it can. + + In the first case the client is indicating to the Printer object: + "Print the job exactly as specified with no exceptions, and if that + can't be done, don't even bother printing the job at all." In the + second case, the client is indicating to the Printer object: "It is + more important to make sure the job is printed rather than be + processed exactly as specified; just make sure the job is printed + even if some client-supplied attributes need to be changed or + ignored." + + The IPP model accounts for this situation by introducing an "ipp- + attribute-fidelity" attribute. + + In a create request, "ipp-attribute-fidelity" is a boolean operation + attribute that is OPTIONALLY supplied by the client. The value + 'true' indicates that total fidelity to client supplied Job Template + attributes and values is required. The client is requesting that the + Job be printed exactly as specified, and if that is not possible then + the job MUST be rejected rather than processed incorrectly. The + value 'false' indicates that a reasonable attempt to print the Job is + acceptable. If a Printer does not support some of the client + supplied Job Template attributes or values, the Printer MUST ignore + them or substitute any supported value for unsupported values, + respectively. The Printer may choose to substitute the default value + associated with that attribute, or use some other supported value + that is similar to the unsupported requested value. For example, if + a client supplies a "media" value of 'na-letter', the Printer may + choose to substitute 'iso-a4' rather than a default value of + 'envelope'. If the client does not supply the "ipp-attribute- + fidelity" attribute, the Printer assumes a value of 'false'. + + Each Printer implementation MUST support both types of "fidelity" + printing (that is whether the client supplies a value of 'true' or + 'false'): + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 209] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + - If the client supplies 'false' or does not supply the attribute, + the Printer object MUST always accept the request by ignoring + unsupported Job Template attributes and by substituting + unsupported values of supported Job Template attributes with + supported values. + - If the client supplies 'true', the Printer object MUST reject + the request if the client supplies unsupported Job Template + attributes. + + Since a client can always query a Printer to find out exactly what is + and is not supported, "ipp-attribute-fidelity" set to 'false' is + useful when: + + 1) The End-User uses a command line interface to request + attributes that might not be supported. + 2) In a GUI context, if the End User expects the job might be + moved to another printer and prefers a sub-optimal result to + nothing at all. + 3) The End User just wants something reasonable in lieu of nothing + at all. + +15.2 Page Description Language (PDL) Override + + If there is a conflict between the value of an IPP Job Template + attribute and a corresponding instruction in the document data, the + value of the IPP attribute SHOULD take precedence over the document + instruction. Consider the case where a previously formatted file of + document data is sent to an IPP Printer. In this case, if the client + supplies any attributes at job submission time, the client desires + that those attributes override the embedded instructions. Consider + the case were a previously formatted document has embedded in it + commands to load 'iso-a4' media. However, the document is passed to + an end user that only has access to a printer with 'na-letter' media + loaded. That end user most likely wants to submit that document to + an IPP Printer with the "media" Job Template attribute set to 'na- + letter'. The job submission attribute should take precedence over + the embedded PDL instruction. However, until companies that supply + document data interpreters allow a way for external IPP attributes to + take precedence over embedded job production instructions, a Printer + might not be able to support the semantics that IPP attributes + override the embedded instructions. + + The IPP model accounts for this situation by introducing a "pdl- + override-supported" attribute that describes the Printer objects + capabilities to override instructions embedded in the PDL data + stream. The value of the "pdl-override-supported" attribute is + configured by means outside the scope of this IPP/1.1 document. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 210] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + This REQUIRED Printer attribute takes on the following values: + + - 'attempted': This value indicates that the Printer object + attempts to make the IPP attribute values take precedence over + embedded instructions in the document data, however there is no + guarantee. + - 'not-attempted': This value indicates that the Printer object + makes no attempt to make the IPP attribute values take + precedence over embedded instructions in the document data. + + At job processing time, an implementation that supports the value of + 'attempted' might do one of several different actions: + + 1) Generate an output device specific command sequence to realize + the feature represented by the IPP attribute value. + 2) Parse the document data itself and replace the conflicting + embedded instruction with a new embedded instruction that + matches the intent of the IPP attribute value. + 3) Indicate to the Printer that external supplied attributes take + precedence over embedded instructions and then pass the + external IPP attribute values to the document data interpreter. + 4) Anything else that allows for the semantics that IPP attributes + override embedded document data instructions. + + Since 'attempted' does not offer any type of guarantee, even though a + given Printer object might not do a very "good" job of attempting to + ensure that IPP attributes take a higher precedence over instructions + embedded in the document data, it would still be a conforming + implementation. + + At job processing time, an implementation that supports the value of + 'not-attempted' might do one of the following actions: + + 1) Simply pre-pend the document data with the PDL instruction that + corresponds to the client-supplied PDL attribute, such that if + the document data also has the same PDL instruction, it will + override what the Printer object pre-pended. In other words, + this implementation is using the same implementation semantics + for the client-supplied IPP attributes as for the Printer + object defaults. + + 2) Parse the document data and replace the conflicting embedded + instruction with a new embedded instruction that approximates, + but does not match, the semantic intent of the IPP attribute + value. + + Note: The "ipp-attribute-fidelity" attribute applies to the + Printer's ability to either accept or reject other unsupported Job + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 211] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + Template attributes. In other words, if "ipp-attribute-fidelity" is + set to 'true', a Job is accepted if and only if the client supplied + Job Template attributes and values are supported by the Printer. + Whether these attributes actually affect the processing of the Job + when the document data contains embedded instructions depends on the + ability of the Printer to override the instructions embedded in the + document data with the semantics of the IPP attributes. If the + document data attributes can be overridden ("pdl-override-supported" + set to 'attempted'), the Printer makes an attempt to use the IPP + attributes when processing the Job. If the document data attributes + can not be overridden ("pdl-override-supported" set to 'not- + attempted'), the Printer makes no attempt to override the embedded + document data instructions with the IPP attributes when processing + the Job, and hence, the IPP attributes may fail to affect the Job + processing and output when the corresponding instruction is embedded + in the document data. + +15.3 Using Job Template Attributes During Document Processing. + + The Printer object uses some of the Job object's Job Template + attributes during the processing of the document data associated with + that job. These include, but are not limited to, "orientation- + requested", "number-up", "sides", "media", and "copies". The + processing of each document in a Job Object MUST follow the steps + below. These steps are intended only to identify when and how + attributes are to be used in processing document data and any + alternative steps that accomplishes the same effect can be used to + implement this specification document. + + 1. Using the client supplied "document-format" attribute or some + form of document format detection algorithm (if the value of + "document-format" is not specific enough), determine whether or + not the document data has already been formatted for printing. + If the document data has been formatted, then go to step 2. + Otherwise, the document data MUST be formatted. The formatting + detection algorithm is implementation defined and is not + specified by this document. The formatting of the document + data uses the "orientation-requested" attribute to determine + how the formatted print data should be placed on a print-stream + page, see section 4.2.10 for the details. + + 2. The document data is in the form of a print-stream in a known + media type. The "page-ranges" attribute is used to select, as + specified in section 4.2.7, a sub-sequence of the pages in the + print-stream that are to be processed and images. + + 3. The input to this step is a sequence of print-stream pages. + This step is controlled by the "number-up" attribute. If the + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 212] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + value of "number-up" is N, then during the processing of the + print-stream pages, each N print-stream pages are positioned, + as specified in section 4.2.9, to create a single impression. + If a given document does not have N more print-stream pages, + then the completion of the impression is controlled by the + "multiple-document-handling" attribute as described in section + 4.2.4; when the value of this attribute is 'single-document' or + 'single-document-new-sheet', the print-stream pages of document + data from subsequent documents is used to complete the + impression. + + The size(scaling), position(translation) and rotation of the + print-stream pages on the impression is implementation defined. + Note that during this process the print-stream pages may be + rendered to a form suitable for placing on the impression; this + rendering is controlled by the values of the "printer- + resolution" and "print-quality" attributes as described in + sections 4.2.12 and 4.2.13. In the case N=1, the impression is + nearly the same as the print-stream page; the differences would + only be in the size, position and rotation of the print-stream + page and/or any decoration, such as a frame to the page, that + is added by the implementation. + + 4. The collection of impressions is placed, in sequence, onto + sides of the media sheets. This placement is controlled by the + "sides" attribute and the orientation of the print-stream page, + as described in section 4.2.8. The orientation of the print- + stream pages affects the orientation of the impression; for + example, if "number-up" equals 2, then, typically, two portrait + print-stream pages become one landscape impression. Note that + the placement of impressions onto media sheets is also + controlled by the "multiple-document-handling" attribute as + described in section 4.2.4. + + 5. The "copies" and "multiple-document-handling" attributes are + used to determine how many copies of each media instance are + created and in what order. See sections 4.2.5 and 4.2.4 for the + details. + + 6. When the correct number of copies are created, the media + instances are finished according to the values of the + "finishings" attribute as described in 4.2.6. Note that + sometimes finishing operations may require manual intervention + to perform the finishing operations on the copies, especially + uncollated copies. This document allows any or all of the + processing steps to be performed automatically or manually at + the discretion of the Printer object. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 213] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +16. APPENDIX E: Generic Directory Schema + + This section defines a generic schema for an entry in a directory + service. A directory service is a means by which service users can + locate service providers. In IPP environments, this means that IPP + Printers can be registered (either automatically or with the help of + an administrator) as entries of type printer in the directory using + an implementation specific mechanism such as entry attributes, entry + type fields, specific branches, etc. Directory clients can search or + browse for entries of type printer. Clients use the directory + service to find entries based on naming, organizational contexts, or + filtered searches on attribute values of entries. For example, a + client can find all printers in the "Local Department" context. + Authentication and authorization are also often part of a directory + service so that an administrator can place limits on end users so + that they are only allowed to find entries to which they have certain + access rights. IPP itself does not require any specific directory + service protocol or provider. + + Note: Some directory implementations allow for the notion of + "aliasing". That is, one directory entry object can appear as + multiple directory entry object with different names for each object. + In each case, each alias refers to the same directory entry object + which refers to a single IPP Printer object. + + The generic schema is a subset of IPP Printer Job Template and + Printer Description attributes (sections 4.2 and 4.4). These + attributes are identified as either RECOMMENDED or OPTIONAL for the + directory entry itself. This conformance labeling is NOT the same + conformance labeling applied to the attributes of IPP Printers + objects. The conformance labeling in this Appendix is intended to + apply to directory templates and to IPP Printer implementations that + subscribe by adding one or more entries to a directory. RECOMMENDED + attributes SHOULD be associated with each directory entry. OPTIONAL + attributes MAY be associated with the directory entry (if known or + supported). In addition, all directory entry attributes SHOULD + reflect the current attribute values for the corresponding Printer + object. + + The names of attributes in directory schema and entries SHOULD be the + same as the IPP Printer attribute names as shown, as much as + possible. + + In order to bridge between the directory service and the IPP Printer + object, one of the RECOMMENDED directory entry attributes is the + Printer object's "printer-uri-supported" attribute. The directory + client queries the "printer-uri-supported" attribute (or its + equivalent) in the directory entry and then the IPP client addresses + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 214] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + the IPP Printer object using one of its URIs. The "uri-security- + supported" attribute identifies the protocol (if any) used to secure + a channel. + + The following attributes define the generic schema for directory + entries of type PRINTER: + + printer-uri-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.1 + uri-authentication-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.2 + uri-security-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.3 + printer-name RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.4 + printer-location RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.5 + printer-info OPTIONAL Section 4.4.6 + printer-more-info OPTIONAL Section 4.4.7 + printer-make-and-model RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.9 + ipp-versions-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.14 + multiple-document-jobs-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.4.16 + charset-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.4.18 + + generated-natural-language- + supported OPTIONAL Section 4.4.20 + document-format-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.22 + color-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.26 + compression-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.4.32 + pages-per-minute OPTIONAL Section 4.4.36 + pages-per-minute-color OPTIONAL Section 4.4.37 + + finishings-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.2.6 + number-up-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.2.7 + sides-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.2.8 + media-supported RECOMMENDED Section 4.2.11 + printer-resolution-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.2.12 + print-quality-supported OPTIONAL Section 4.2.13 + +17. APPENDIX F: Differences between the IPP/1.0 and IPP/1.1 "Model and + Semantics" Documents + + This Appendix is divided into two lists that summarize the + differences between IPP/1.1 (this document) and IPP/1.0 [RFC2566]. + The section numbers refer to the numbers in this document which in + some cases have changed from RFC 2566. When a change affects + multiple sections, the item is listed once in the order of the first + section affected and the remaining affected section numbers are + indicated. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 215] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + The first list contains extensions and clarifications and the second + list contains changes in semantics or conformance. However, client + and IPP object implementations of IPP/1.0 MAY implement any of the + extensions and clarifications in this document. + + The following extensions and clarifications have been incorporated + into this document: + + 1. Section 2.1 - clarified that the term "client" can be either + contained in software controlled by an end user or a part of a + print server that controls devices. + 2. Section 2 - clarified that the term "IPP object" and "Printer + object" can either be embedded in a device object or part of a + print server that accepts IPP requests. + 3. Section 2.4 - added the description of the new "uri- + authentication-supported" Printer Description attribute. + 4. Section 3.1.3, 3.1.6, 3.2.5.2, and 3.2.6.2 - clarified the + error handling for operation attributes that have their own + status code. + 5. Section 3.1.3 - clarified that multiple occurrences of the + same attribute in an attribute group is mal-formed. An IPP + Printer MAY reject the request or choose one of the + attributes. + 6. Section 3.1.6 - reorganized this section into sub-sections to + separately describe "status-code", "status-message", + "detailed-status-message", and "document-access-error" + attributes. + 7. Section 3.1.6.1 - clarified the error status codes and their + relationship to operation attributes. + 8. Section 3.1.6.3 - Added the OPTIONAL "detailed-status-message + (text(MAX))" operation attribute to provide additional more + detailed information about a response. + 9. Section 3.1.6.4 and 3.2.2 - Added the OPTIONAL "document- + access-error (text(MAX))" operation attribute for use with + Print-URI and Send-URI responses. + 10. Sections 3.1.7 - Added this new section to clarify returning + Unsupported Attributes for all operations, including only + returning attributes that were in the request. Moved the text + from section 3.2.1.2 Unsupported Attributes to this section. + 11. Sections 3.1.7 and 4.1 - clarified the encoding of the "out- + of-band" 'unsupported' and 'unknown' values. + 12. Section 3.1.8 - clarified that only the version number + parameter will be carried forward into future major or minor + versions of the protocol. + 13. Section 3.1.8 - relaxed the requirements to increment the + major version number in future versions of the Model and + Semantics document. + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 216] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 14. Section 3.1.9, and 3.2.5 - added the 'processing' state to the + list of job states that a job can be in after a Create-Job + operation. + 15. Section 3.1.9 - clarified that a non-spooling Printer MAY + accept zero or more subsequent jobs while processing a job and + flow control them down. Subsequent create requests are + rejected with the 'server-error-busy' error status. + 16. Section 3.2.1.1 - clarified the validation of the + "compression" operation attribute and its relationship to the + validation of the "document-format" attribute and returning + Unsupported Attributes. + 17. Sections 3.2.1.1, 4.3.8, 13.1.4.16, and 13.1.4.17 - added the + 'client-error-compression-not-supported', 'client-error- + compression-error' status codes and the 'unsupported- + compression' and 'compression-error' job-state-reasons. + 18. Sections 3.2.1.1 and 4.3.8 - added 'unsupported-document- + format' and 'document-format-error' job-state-reasons. + 19. Sections 3.2.2, 4.3.8 and 13.1.4.19 - added 'client-error- + document-access-error' status code and 'document-access-error' + job state reason. + 20. Section 3.2.5.2 and 3.2.6.2 - clarified that the Unsupported + Attributes group MUST NOT include attributes not requested in + the Get-Printer-Attributes request. + 21. Section 3.2.6 - clarified that "limit" takes precedence over + "which-jobs" and "my-jobs'. + 22. Section 3.2.6.2 - clarified that Get-Jobs returns + 'successful-ok' when no jobs to return. + 23. Sections 3.2.7, 3.2.8, and 3.2.9 - added the OPTIONAL Pause- + Printer, Resume-Printer, and Purge-Jobs operations + 24. Section 3.3.1 - clarified that the authorization required for + a Send-Document request MUST be the same user as the Create- + Job or an operator. + 25. Section 3.3.1.1 - clarified that a Create-Job Send-Document + with "last-document" = 'true' and no data is not an error; its + a job with no documents. + 26. Sections 3.3.5, 3.3.6, and 3.3.7 - added the OPTIONAL Hold- + Job, Release-Job, and Restart-Job operations. Clarified the + Restart-Job operation so that the Printer MUST re-fetch any + documents passed by-reference (Print-URI or Send-URI). + 27. Section 4.1 - clarified that the encoding of the out-of-band + values are specified in the Encoding and Transport" document. + 28. Section 4.1 - Clarified that the requirement that clients MUST + NOT send "out-of-band" values in requests applies only to + operations defined in this document. Other operations are + allowed to define "out-of-band" values that clients can + supply. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 217] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 29. Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 - clarified that the maximum 'text' + and 'name' values of 1023 and 255 are for the + 'textWithoutLanguage' portion of the 'textWithLanguage' form, + so that the maximum number of octets for the actual text and + name data is the same for the without and with language forms; + the 'naturalLanguage' part is in addition. + 30. Section 4.1.9 - clarified that 'mimeMediaType' values can + include any parameters from the IANA Registry, not just + charset parameters. + 31. Section 4.1.9.1 - clarified that 'application/octet-stream' + auto-sensing can happen at create request time and/or + job/document processing time. + 32. Section 4.1.9.1 - clarified that auto-sensing involves the + Printer examining some number of octets of document data using + an implementation-dependent method. + 33. Section 4.1.14 - clarified that the localization of dateTime + by the client includes the time zone. + 34. Section 4.2 - clarified that xxx-supported have multiple + keywords and/or names by adding parentheses to the table to + give: (1setOf (type3 keyword | name)) + 35. Section 4.2.2 - added the 'indefinite' keyword value to the + "job-hold-until" attribute for use with the create operations + and Hold-Job and Restart-Job operations. + 36. Section 4.2.6 - added more enum values to the "finishings" Job + Template attribute. + 37. Section 4.2.6 - clarified that the landscape definition is a + rotation of the image with respect to the medium. + 38. Section 4.3.7 - added that a forwarding server that cannot get + any job state MAY return the job's state as 'completed', + provided that it also return the new 'queued-in-device' job + state reason. + 39. Section 4.3.7.2 - added the Partitioning of Job States section + to clarify the concepts of Job Retention, Job History, and Job + Removal. + 40. Section 4.3.8 - added 'job-data-insufficient' job state reason + to indicate whether sufficient data has arrived for the + document to start to be processed. + 41. Section 4.3.8 - added 'document-access-error' job state reason + to indicate an access error of any kind. + 42. Section 4.3.8 - added 'job-queued-for-marker' job state reason + to indicate whether the job has completed some processing and + is waiting for the marker. + 43. Section 4.3.8 - added 'unsupported-compression' and + 'compression-error' job state reasons to indicate compression + not supported or compression processing error after the create + has been accepted. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 218] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 44. Section 4.3.8 - added 'unsupported-document-format' and + 'document-format-error' job state reasons to indicate document + not supported or document format processing error after the + create has been accepted. + 45. Section 4.3.8 - added 'queued-in-device' job state reason to + indicate that a job as been forwarded to a print system or + device that does not provide any job status. + 46. Section 4.3.10 - added "job-detailed-status-messages (1setOf + text(MAX)) for returning detailed error messages. + 47. Section 4.3.11 - added the "job-document-access-errors (1setOf + text(MAX)) + 48. Section 4.3.14.2 - clarified that the time recorded is the + first time processing since the create operation or the + Restart-Job operation. + 49. Section 4.3.14.2 and 4.3.14.3 - clarified that the out-of-band + value 'no-value' is returned if the job has not started + processing or has not completed, respectively. + 50. Section 4.3.14 - Added the OPTIONAL "date-time-at-creation", + "date-time-at-processing", and "date-time-at-completed" Event + Time Job Description attributes + 51. Section 4.4.3 - added the 'tls' value to "uri-security- + supported" attribute. + 52. Section 4.4.3 - clarified "uri-security-supported" is + orthogonal to Client Authentication so that 'none' does not + exclude Client Authentication. + 53. Section 4.4.11 - simplified the "printer-state" descriptions + while generalizing to allow high end devices that interpret + one or more jobs while marking another. Indicated that + 'spool-area-full' and 'stopped-partly' "printer-state-reasons" + may be used to provide further state information. + 54. Section 4.4.12 - added the 'moving-to-paused' keyword value to + the "printer-state-reasons" attribute for use with the Pause- + Printer operation. + 55. Section 4.4.12 - replaced the duplicate 'marker-supply-low' + keyword with the missing 'toner-empty' keyword for the + "printer-state-reasons" attribute. (This correction was also + made before RFC 2566 was published). + 56. Section 4.4.12 - clarified 'spool-area-full' "printer-state- + reasons" to include non-spooling printers to indicate when it + can and cannot accept another job. + 57. Section 4.4.15 - added the enum values to the "operations- + supported" attribute for the new operations. Clarified that + the values of this attribute are encoded as any enum, namely + 32-bit values. + 58. Section 4.4.30 - clarified that the dateTime value of + "printer-current-time" is on a "best efforts basis". If a + proper date-time cannot be obtained, the implementation + returns the 'no-value' out-of-band value. Also clarified that + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 219] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + the time zone NEED NOT be the time zone that the people near + the device use and that the client SHOULD display the dateTime + attributes in the user's local time. + 59. Sections 4.4.36 and 4.4.37 - added the OPTIONAL "pages-per- + minute" and "pages-per-minute-color" Printer Description + attributes. + 60. Section 5.1 - clarified that the client conformance + requirements apply to clients controlled by an end user and + clients in servers. + 61. Section 5.1 - clarified that any response MAY contain + additional attribute groups, attributes, attribute syntaxes, + or attribute values. + 62. Section 5.1 - clarified that a client SHOULD do its best to + prevent a channel from being closed by a lower layer when the + channel is flow controlled off by the IPP Printer. + 63. Section 5.2 - clarified that the IPP object requirements apply + to objects embedded in devices or that are parts of servers. + 64. Section 5.2.2 - clarified that IPP objects MAY return + operation responses that contain attribute groups, attribute + names, attribute syntaxes, attribute values, and status codes + that are extensions to this standard. + 65. Section 6 - changed the terminology of "private extensions" to + "vendor extensions" and indicated that they are registered + with IANA along with IETF standards track extensions. + 66. Section 6.7 - inserted this section on registering out-of-band + attribute values with IANA as extensions. + 67. Section 8.3 - clarified the use of URIs for each Client + Authentication mechanism. + 68. Section 8.5 - added the security discussion around the new + operator/administrator operations. + 69. Section 13.1.4.16 - added client-error-compression-not- + supported (0x040F) + 70. Section 13.1.4.17 - added client-error-compression-error + (0x0410) + 71. Section 13.1.4.18 - added client-error-document-format-error + (0x0411) + 72. Section 13.1.4.19 - added client-error-document-access-error + (0x0412) + 73. Section 13.1.5.10 - added server-error-multiple-document- + jobs-not-supported (0x0509) + 74. Section 14 - added 'a-white', 'b-white', 'c-white', 'd-white', + and 'e-white' and clarified that the existing 'a', 'b', 'c', + 'd', and 'e' values are size values. Added American, + Japanese, and European Engineering sizes, filled out + -transparent and - translucent media names and drawings for + the synchro cut sizes. + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 220] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 75. Section 16 - softened the RECOMMENDATION for IPP Printer + attributes in a Directory schema so that they can have + equivalents. + 76. Section 16 - added the OPTIONAL "pages-per-minute" and + "pages-per-minute-color" Printer attributes to the Directory + schema. + 77. Section 16 - added OPTIONAL "multiple-document-jobs-supported" + to the Directory schema. + 78. Section 16 - added RECOMMENDED "uri-authentication-supported", + "ipp-versions-supported", and "compression-supported" to the + Directory schema. + + The following changes in semantics and/or conformance have been + incorporated into this document: + + 1. Section 3.1.6.3 - allowed a Printer to localize the + "detailed-status-message" operation response attribute, but + indicated that such localization might obscure the technical + meaning of such messages. + 2. Section 3.1.8, 5.2.4, and 13.1.5.4 - Clients and IPP objects + MUST support version 1.1 conformance requirements. It is + recommended that they interoperate with 1.0. Also clarified + that IPP Printers MUST accept '1.1' requests. It is + recommended that they also accept '1.x' requests. + + 3. Section 3.2.1.1 and section 4.4.32 - changed the "compression" + operation and the "compression-supported" Printer Description + attribute from OPTIONAL to REQUIRED. + 4. Sections 3.2.1.2 and 4.3.8 - changed "job-state-reasons" from + RECOMMENDED to REQUIRED, so that "job-state-reasons" MUST be + returned in create operation responses. + 5. Sections 3.2.4, 3.3.1, 4.4.16, and 16 - changed Create- + Job/Send-Document so that they MAY be implemented while only + supporting one document jobs. Added the "multiple-document- + jobs-supported" boolean Printer Description attribute to + indicate whether Create-Job/Send-Document support multiple + document jobs or not. Added to the Directory schema. + 6. Section 4.1.9 - deleted 'text/plain; charset=iso-10646-ucs-2', + since binary is not legal with the 'text' type. + 7. Section 4.1.9.1 - added the RECOMMENDATION that a Printer + indicate by printing on the job's job-start-sheet that auto- + sensing has occurred and what document format was auto-sensed. + 8. Section 4.2.4 - indicated that the "multiple-document- + handling" Job Template attribute MUST be supported with at + least one value if the Printer supports multiple documents per + job + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 221] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 9. Section 4.3.7.2 - indicated that the 'job-restartable' job + state reason SHOULD be supported if the Restart-Job operation + is supported. + 10. Section 4.3.8 - changed "job-state-reasons" from RECOMMENDED + to REQUIRED. + 11. Section 4.3.8 - clarified the conformance of the values of the + "job-state-reasons" attribute by copying conformance + requirements from other sections of the document so that it is + clear from reading the definition of "job-state-reasons" which + values MUST or SHOULD be supported. The 'none', + 'unsupported-compression', and 'unsupported-document-format' + values MUST be supported. The 'job-hold-until-specified' + SHOULD be specified if the "job-hold-until" Job Template is + supported. The following values SHOULD be supported: 'job- + canceled-by-user', 'aborted-by-system', and 'job-completed- + successfully'. The + 'job-canceled-by-operator' SHOULD be supported if the + implementation permits canceling by other than the job owner. + The 'job-canceled-at-device' SHOULD be supported if the device + supports canceling jobs at the console. The 'job-completed- + with-warnings' SHOULD be supported, if the implementation + detects warnings. The 'job-completed-with-errors' SHOULD be + supported if the implementation detects errors. The 'job- + restartable' SHOULD be supported if the Restart-Job operation + is supported. + 12. Section 4.3.10 - allowed a Printer to localize the "job- + detailed-status-message" Job Description attribute, but + indicated that such localization might obscure the technical + meaning of such messages. + 13. Section 4.3.14 - changed the "time-at-creation", "time-at- + processing", and "time-at-completed" Event Time Job + Description attributes from OPTIONAL to REQUIRED. + 14. Section 4.3.14.4 - added the REQUIRED "job-printer-up-time + (integer(1:MAX))" Job Description attribute as an alias for + "printer-up-time" to reduce number of operations to get job + times. + 15. Section 4.4.2 - added the REQUIRED "uri-authentication- + supported (1setOf type2 keyword)" Printer Description + attribute to describe the Client Authentication used by each + Printer URI. + 16. Section 4.4.12 - changed "printer-state-reasons" Printer + Description attribute from OPTIONAL to REQUIRED. + 17. Section 4.4.12 - changed 'paused' value of "printer-state- + reasons" to MUST if Pause-Printer operation is supported. + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 222] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + + 18. Section 4.4.14 - added the REQUIRED "ipp-versions-supported + (1setOf keyword)" Printer Description attribute, since IPP/1.1 + Printers do not have to support version '1.0' conformance + requirements. Section 4.4.16 - added the "multiple-document- + jobs-supported (boolean)" Printer Description attribute so + that a client can tell whether a Printer that supports + Create-Job/Send-Document supports multiple document jobs or + not. This attribute is REQUIRED if the Create-Job operation + is supported. + 19. Section 4.4.24 - changed the "queued-job-count" Printer + Description attribute from RECOMMENDED to REQUIRED. + 20. Section 4.4.32 - changed "compression-supported (1setOf type3 + keyword)" Printer Description attribute from OPTIONAL to + REQUIRED. + 21. Section 5.1 - changed the client security requirements from + RECOMMENDED non-standards track SSL3 to MUST support Client + Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 Encoding and + Transport document [RFC2910]. A client SHOULD support + Operation Privacy and Server Authentication as defined in the + IPP/1.1 Encoding and Transport document [RFC2910]. + 22. Section 5.2.7 - changed the IPP object security requirements + from OPTIONAL non-standards track SSL3 to SHOULD contain + support for Client Authentication as defined in the IPP/1.1 + Encoding and Transport document [RFC2910]. A Printer + implementation MAY allow an administrator to configure the + Printer so that all, some, or none of the users are + authenticated. An IPP Printer implementation SHOULD contain + support for Operation Privacy and Server Authentication as + defined in the IPP/1.1 Encoding and Transport document + [RFC2910]. A Printer implementation MAY allow an + administrator to configure the degree of support for Operation + Privacy and Server Authentication. Security MUST NOT be + compromised when the client supplies a lower version-number in + a request. + 23. Section 14 (Appendix C): Corrected typo, changing the keyword + 'iso-10-white' to 'iso-a10-white'. + + See also the "IPP/1.1 Encoding and Transport" [RFC2910] document for + differences between IPP/1.0 [RFC2565] and IPP/1.1 [RFC2910]. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 223] + +RFC 2911 IPP/1.1: Model and Semantics September 2000 + + +18. Full Copyright Statement + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. + + This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to + others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it + or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published + and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any + kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are + included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this + document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing + the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other + Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of + developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for + copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be + followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than + English. + + The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be + revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. + + This document and the information contained herein is provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING + TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING + BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION + HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Acknowledgement + + Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the + Internet Society. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Hastings, et al. Standards Track [Page 224] + |