diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/rfc/rfc3054.txt')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/rfc/rfc3054.txt | 787 |
1 files changed, 787 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc3054.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc3054.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f565e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc3054.txt @@ -0,0 +1,787 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group P. Blatherwick (Editor) +Request for Comments: 3054 Nortel Networks +Category: Informational R. Bell + Cisco Systems + P. Holland + Circa Communications + (Chair TIA TR-41.3.4) + January 2001 + + + Megaco IP Phone Media Gateway Application Profile + +Status of this Memo + + This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does + not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this + memo is unlimited. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. + +Abstract + + This document specifies a particular application of the Megaco/H.248 + Protocol for control of Internet telephones and similar appliances: + the Megaco IP Phone Media Gateway. The telephone itself is a Media + Gateway (MG), controlled by the Megaco/H.248 Protocol, with + application control intelligence located in the Media Gateway + Controller (MGC). To achieve a high degree of interoperability and + design efficiency in such end-user devices, a consistent + architectural approach, a particular organization of Terminations and + Packages, and a Protocol Profile are described. The approach makes + use of existing Protocol features and user interface related + Packages, and is thus a straight-forward application of the + Megaco/H.248 Protocol. + +1. Introduction + + This document represents the current view from the TIA working group + on VoIP (Voice over IP) telephone specification [1], TIA TR-41.3.4, + with the intent of using this as part of its "whole device" + specification as an optional method of device control. + + Industry feedback has made it clear that interoperability and + acoustic performance of Internet telephones is key to the rapid and + extensive commercialization of these products. To facilitate this, + the TIA has established working group TR-41.3.4 to develop a standard + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 1] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + for VoIP telephones. The TR-41.3.4 working group has included the + "whole device" within the scope of the standard, so a full range of + requirements including acoustic performance, protocols, methods for + powering and safety are provided. Where possible, the requirements + are based on existing standards, which are included by reference. + + The TIA TR-41.3.4 working group has also recognized that its proposed + standard must enable creative application of the equipment, encourage + the development of new capabilities and allow for high levels of + product customization. To achieve this, peer to peer architectures + that are based on protocols such as H.323 or SIP and master/slave + architectures such as Megaco/H.248 Protocol are both necessary and + complementary. + + In support of the Megaco/H.248 Protocol development effort, the TR- + 41.3.4 working group has considered product enabling issues and + requirements, and has developed an approach to use the Megaco/H.248 + Protocol for Internet telephone device control. This document + represents the working group's current view. + + This document covers the general requirements of the Megaco IP Phone + application (section 3), architectural approach and MG organization + (section 4), details of specific Termination types used and Packages + supported by each (section 5), and the Megaco IP Phone Protocol + Profile (section 6). + +2. Conventions + + The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, + SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this + document, are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [5]. + +3. General Requirements + + The following general requirements were identified to drive the + Megaco IP Phone design [1]: + + 1. The Megaco IP Phone must meet the basic needs of the business user + from day one; + + 2. Provide a path for rapid expansion to support sophisticated + business telephony features; + + 3. Flexibility to allow for a very wide range of telephones and + similar devices to be defined, from very simple to very feature + rich; + + 4. Simple, minimal design; + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 2] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + 5. Allow device cost to be appropriate to capabilities provided; + + 6. Packages and Termination types must have characteristics that + enable reliability; + + 7. The IP Phone MG shall meet the appropriate Megaco/H.248 Protocol + requirements as provided in the Megaco Requirements document [2] + and be a straight-forward application of the Megaco/H.248 Protocol + [3]. + +4. Architecture Description + + The following subsections describe the general design approach and + organization of the Megaco IP Phone MG. + +4.1. Design Approach + + Design intent of the Megaco IP Phone is to keep it determinedly + simple while providing required support for fully featured business + telephones and the flexibility to allow for a very wide range of + telephone configurations and similar appliances. + + The approach to achieve this goal is to provide a very simple and + direct master/slave control model in which very little feature + intelligence is required in the end device. This design intent + matches the Megaco/H.248 Protocol approach well. + + It is important to note that additional functionality, built-in + feature capability or system-specific optimization can easily be + provided, at the option of the implementer, by defining additional + Termination types, Event/Signal Packages, or providing built-in + application capability. This document defines the minimal design + only. + +4.2. General Structure + + As shown in Figure 1 below, the Megaco IP Phone is organized as a + Media Gateway (MG) that consists of a User Interface Termination and + a set of Audio Transducer Terminations. + + Several - potentially thousands - of Megaco IP Phone MGs may be + controlled by a single Media Gateway Controller (MGC). This is + distinguished from the organization between traditional analog or PBX + telephones behind an IP network, where the MGC would control an MG + which in turn controls the collection of telephone devices in + question. In the case of a Megaco IP Phone MG, the MG directly + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 3] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + implements the media terminations like handset, handsfree and + headset, as well as the user interface. In this case, the Megaco IP + Phone itself is the MG. + + +---------------+ + | | + | MGC | + | | + +---------------+ + ^ \ \ \ + | + v + +---------------------------------------------+ + | | + | Megaco IP Phone MG | + | ================== Audio Transducer | + | Terminations: | + | Audio context(s): + - - - - - - - + | + | +---------------------+ +-----------+ | + | | Context A | | | Handset | | | + | | | +-----------+ | + RTP | | +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----------+ | | + <--------+-+->| Tr | | Ta2 |<-+-----| Handsfree | | + audio | | +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----------+ | | + stream | | | +-----------+ | + | +---------------------+ | | Headset | | | + | +-----------+ | + | | | | + | ETC. | + | + - - - - - - - + | + | | + | +----------------------------------------+ | + | | User Interface Termination | | + | | +--------------+ +--------------+ | | + | | | Text Display | | Keypad | | | + | | +--------------+ +--------------+ | | + | | +--------------+ +--------------+ | | + | | | Softkeys | | Indicators | | | + | | +--------------+ +--------------+ | | + | | +--------------+ | | + | | | Function Keys| ETC. | | + | | +--------------+ | | + | +----------------------------------------+ | + +---------------------------------------------+ + + Figure 1: Megaco IP Phone Termination / Package Model + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 4] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + +4.3. Termination / Package Organization + + As shown in Figure 1, each Audio Transducer Termination represents an + individually controllable audio input/output element of the telephone + device, such as Handset, Handsfree, Headset, etc. By separating each + audio element as a distinct Termination, more flexible applications + can be easily implemented, such as paging, group listening, and so + on. Since this is actually only the logical view of the device, + represented by protocol, it is also quite possible to simplify + representation of the device by hiding all available audio + input/outputs behind a single Audio Transducer Termination, for + example the Handset, and implement control of multiple real + input/outputs locally inside the device. + + All non-audio user interface elements are associated with the User + Interface Termination. This special Termination supports Packages to + implement all user interaction with the telephone user interface, + including Function Keys, Indicators, the Dialpad, etc, as appropriate + for the specific device capabilities (within constraints given in the + section on User Interface Termination). The User Interface + Termination cannot be placed in any Context. This grouping of user + interface elements behind a well-know Termination greatly simplifies + audits to determine actual device configuration, and reduces the + number of Terminations involved in representing user interface. + + In addition, TerminationID naming conventions are provided to + identify specific Terminations within the Megaco IP Phone MG and + group them into related sets. These conventions use a set of well + known identifier names to specify the individual Terminations, for + example the User Interface Termination ("ui"), the Handset Audio + Transducer ("at/hs"), or the Handsfree Audio Transducer ("at/hf"). + This specific naming is important in this application, especially for + the Audio Transducer Terminations, since the real input/output + elements to which they map on the physical device have very different + functional significance to the end-user, yet they may be represented + in the protocol using exactly the same sets of Packages. Naming + conventions allow the controlling MGC to distinguish this end-user + meaning without specific advance knowledge of physical device + configuration and without the requirement to provide different + Packages for each audio input/output type. + + Using these same TerminationID naming conventions in combination with + wildcards, the MGC application can target commands to groups of + related Terminations, for example the collection of all Audio + Transducer Terminations ("at/*"). This is especially useful during + the discover phase, for example to efficiently Audit all available + Audio Transducer Terminations, and to efficiently send commands to a + set of related Terminations in a single command, for example to + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 5] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + simultaneously Subtract all Audio Transducer Terminations from a + particular Context. Further information on TerminationID naming + conventions and their use can be found under the sections on Control + Interaction and Capability Discovery (next two subsections) and under + Termination Types. + +4.4. Control Interaction + + To provide control of audio paths, Audio Transducer Terminations are + manipulated using Contexts in the normal way, by sending Add, Move, + Subtract and Modify commands addressed to the specific Terminations + being manipulated. For example creating a Context (Context A) + containing an RTP Termination (Tr) and a Handset Audio Transducer + Termination (Ta1) creates a voice connection to/from the handset. + Moving a Handsfree Audio Transducer Termination (Ta2) into the + Context, and removing the Handset, sets up a handsfree conversation. + This situation is shown in Figure 1. See the section on Audio + Transducer Termination Types for further details on specific Package + support requirements. + + User input elements, such as Keypad or Function Keys, generate Events + through Notify commands sent from the User Interface Termination of + the Megaco IP Phone MG to the controlling MGC for handling. These + Events are according to the specific set of Packages supported by the + User Interface Termination of the device. See the section on User + Interface Termination Type for further details on specific Package + support requirements. + + User output elements such as the Text Display or Indicators are + controlled by Signals sent by the MGC, addressed to the User + Interface Termination of the Megaco IP Phone MG, generally as part of + a Modify command, using syntax defined in the corresponding Packages. + Since the User Interface Termination cannot be part of any context, + Add, Move and Subtract commands sent to it are not valid. See the + section on User Interface Termination Type for further details on + specific Package support requirements. + + Some elements, for example Softkeys, have both user input and output + aspects, so both react to Signals and generate Events as above. + + The TerminationID naming conventions may be used to target commands + to specific Terminations by well known name, for example to Add the + Handsfree Audio Transducer Termination ("at/hf") to a Context. The + naming conventions in combination with wildcards may be used to + efficiently send commands to groups of related Terminations, for + example to simultaneously Subtract all Audio Transducer Terminations + ("at/*") from a particular Context. + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 6] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + +4.5. Capability Discovery + + At startup or service change, the Megaco IP Phone MG identifies + itself to its controlling MGC as being a Megaco IP Phone class of + device by use of the IPPhone Protocol Profile. This is the first and + most important stage of capability discovery, and implicitly provides + a great deal of the necessary information in a single step. + Thereafter, the MGC can make a large number of assumptions regarding + organization and behavior of the MG. See the section on IPPhone + Protocol Profile for further details of ServiceChange operation. + + Device capabilities, including the list of all Terminations and + supported Packages for each, are queried through the AuditValue + command. Wildcarded AuditValue commands targeted at the whole MG + (i.e., addressed to ContextID=Null, TerminationID=ALL) return the + list of all Terminations, including the User Interface Termination + and all supported Audio Transducer Terminations. Since the returned + TerminationIDs use well known identifier names, the MGC can derive + the specific audio input/output elements available on the physical + device, and their intended purpose. Further AuditValues commands on + individual named Terminations provide further details of each, for + example for the MGC to query user interface support Packages + available on the User Interface Termination ("ui"). TerminationID + naming conventions in combination with wildcards can be used with + AuditValues commands to query specific Package support for the + collection of all Audio Transducer Terminations ("at/*"). + + Since the structure of the Megaco IP Phone MG is well known in + advance, by virtue of the IPPhone Protocol Profile, audits can be + efficiently directed at discovering only what additional information + is required by the MGC. Thus the MGC is able to efficiently and + unambiguously discover both the specific user interface capabilities + and the supported audio input/outputs of the Megaco IP Phone MG, + without specific advance knowledge of physical device configuration. + It is not necessary for the MGC to attempt to infer function from + supported Packages within a random collection of Terminations, and a + great deal of behavior common to all Megaco IP Phone MGs can simply + be assumed. This pre-determined organization and behavior therefore + greatly reduces design complexity of both MG and MGC, and greatly + improves interoperability. + +5. Termination Types + + The Termination types defined for use in the Megaco IP Phone MG are: + + * User Interface (implements user interface); + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 7] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + * Audio Transducer (implements audio input/output to the user, and + potentially appears as several individual Terminations + corresponding to individual audio input/outputs on the physical + device); + + * RTP (transport of audio streams over IP). + + These Termination types represent minimal capabilities to support + fully featured business telephones. Additional Termination types can + be defined to extend these capabilities. + + The following subsections describe requirements and constraints on + each type in further detail. + +5.1. User Interface Termination Type + + The User Interface Termination represents the Megaco IP Phone MG user + interface elements. Megaco IP Phone MGs MUST support exactly one + User Interface Termination. + + TerminationID of the User Interface Termination MUST be "ui", used + for both command addressing and command response return. ABNF text + encoding for this MUST be as described in Megaco/H.248 Protocol + Appendix B.1 [3]. + + Note: If ASN.1 binary encoding is used (OPTIONAL in this + specification), TerminationID for the User Interface Termination MUST + be encoded as described in Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix A.1 [3], + with alphabetic characters of the identifier given above mapping to + the equivalent octet string in the ASN.1 encoding. + + The User Interface Termination cannot be part of any context, hence + Add, Move and Subtract commands are invalid for this Termination. + + The User Interface Termination MAY support the following Packages, + defined in Megaco/H.248 Protocol H.248 Annex G: "User Interface + Elements and Actions Packages" [4]. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 8] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + __________________________________________________________ + | Package | Name | Support in User Interface | + | | | Termination | + |___________________|_______ |_____________________________| + | Text Display | dis | OPTIONAL | + | Keypad | kp | OPTIONAL | + | Function Key | kf | OPTIONAL | + | Indicator | ind | OPTIONAL | + | Softkey | ks | OPTIONAL | + | Ancillary Input | anci | OPTIONAL | + |___________________|________|_____________________________| + + Additional Packages not listed above MAY also be provided where these + are defined to extend to additional user interface elements. + + Note: The reasoning to make all Packages optional in the User + Interface Termination is to allow maximum flexibility to create a + very broad range of Internet telephones and similar devices. For + example, anything from a simple hotel lobby phone (handset and + hookswitch only), to conferencing units (handsfree unit and one or + two buttons) to fully featured business telephones (display, rich set + of keys and indicators, both handset and handsfree, etc) could be + designed. + +5.2. Audio Transducer Termination Types + + The Audio Transducer Terminations are used to control audio + input/output to/from the end user of the device. Megaco IP Phone MGs + MUST support at least one Audio Transducer Termination, which MAY be + chosen from the following well known types (with identifier name): + + * Handset ("hs") -- input/output, + * Handsfree ("hf") -- input/output, + * Headset ("ht") -- input/output, + * Microphone ("mi") -- input only, + * Speaker ("sp") -- output only. + + TerminationIDs of the Audio Transducer Terminations MUST be of the + form "at/<name>", where <name> is the 2 character identifier listed + above, used for both command addressing and command response return. + If more than one Audio Transducer Termination of a particular type is + implemented, the TerminationIDs of each MUST be of the form + "at/<name>/<num>", where <num> is a 2 digit index number in + hexadecimal format beginning at 01. Examples of valid TerminationIDs + include: "at/hs" (handset), "at/mi/02" (microphone 2), "at/*" (all + audio input/outputs). ABNF text encoding for this MUST be as + described in Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix B.1 [3]. + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 9] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + Note: If ASN.1 binary encoding is used (OPTIONAL in this + specification), TerminationIDs and wildcards MUST be encoded as + described in Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix A.1 [3], with alphabetic + characters of the identifiers given above mapping to octet sub- + strings in the ASN.1 encoding and the '/' character not used. + + Additional Audio Transducer Termination types MAY also be defined by + the implementer, however well know identifier names for these are + outside the scope of this specification. + + All Audio Transducer type Terminations MUST support the following + Packages, defined in Megaco/H.248 Protocol Annex E [3]. + + ____________________________________________________________ + | Package | Name | Support in Audio Transducer | + | | | Terminations | + |_____________________|_______ |_____________________________| + | Basic DTMF Generator| dg | REQUIRED | + | Call Progress Tones | cg | REQUIRED | + | Generator | | | + |_____________________|________|_____________________________| + + Additional Packages not listed above MAY also be provided where + applicable to audio input/output functions. + +5.3. RTP Termination Type + + Megaco IP Phone MGs MUST support at least one RTP Termination in + order to support audio streams to/from the device, as defined in + Megaco/H.248 Protocol Annex E.12 [3]. + + No special TerminationID naming convention is defined for RTP + Terminations as part of this specification. + +6. IPPhone Protocol Profile + + The following subsections provide details of the IPPhone Protocol + Profile, used between Megaco IP Phone MGs and their controlling MGCs. + This includes implicit application-level agreements between the + Megaco IP Phone MG and its controlling MGC on organization and + behavior of the MG, types of Terminations used and the specific + minimum Package support for each, and specific minimum selections on + the transport and encoding methods used. + + Use of a this Profile greatly simplifies assumptions necessary by the + MGC regarding MG organization, thereby reducing complexity and cost + of both MG and MGC, and improves interoperability for the specific + Megaco IP Phone application. Since the Profile is specific to the + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 10] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + Megaco IP Phone MG, no other applications of Megaco/H.248 Protocol + are affected. + + It is important to note that the IPPhone Profile specifies minimum + functionality only, for interoperability purposes. Additional + Termination types, Package support, transport or encoding methods, or + other capabilities MAY be added at the discretion of the implementer + within the general structure described. + +6.1. Profile Descriptor and Usage + + Profile name: "IPPhone" + Version: 1 + + The Megaco/H.248 Protocol [3] describes startup and service change + procedures in detail, including use of Profiles. + + In brief, the above Profile name and version are supplied by the + Megaco IP Phone MG on startup or at service change, in the + ServiceChangeDescriptor parameter of the ServiceChange command, + issued to the controlling MGC as part of the registration procedure. + In response, the MGC may 1) accept control by acknowledging the + Service Change, 2) pass control to a different MGC by replying with a + new MGC to try, or 3) refuse control entirely by rejecting the + Service Change. If MGC control is refused, the Megaco IP Phone MG + may attempt registration with other MGCs in its list of MGCs to try. + + Once a controlling MGC accepts the IPPhone Profile, both it and the + Megaco IP Phone MG become bound by the Profile rules and constraints + described in subsequent subsections as well as Megaco IP Phone + Termination/Package organization and behavior rules described in + previous sections of this document. Thereafter, any protocol use + outside these rules is considered an error. + +6.2 Termination Organization and Package Support + + Termination organization, required Termination types, and the + specific Packages supported by each MUST be as described in sections + 4 - 5 of this document. + + Note that additional Termination types and Package support MAY also + be provided within the general structure described. + +6.3. Transport + + Megaco IP Phone MGs MUST support Application Layer Framing (ALF) over + UDP transport, as specified in the Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix D.1 + [3]. + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 11] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + + Note that this does not imply that the Megaco IP Phone MG cannot + support other transport methods as well. TCP transport is OPTIONAL, + but if used MUST conform to Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix D.2 [3]. + +6.4. Message Encoding + + Megaco IP Phone MGs MUST support ABNF text encoding of the protocol, + as specified in the Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix B [3]. + + Note that this does not imply that the Megaco IP Phone MG cannot + support ASN.1 binary encoding as well. ASN.1 binary encoding is + OPTIONAL, but if used MUST conform to Megaco/H.248 Protocol Appendix + A [3]. + +7. Security Considerations + + The Megaco IP Phone Media Gateway Application Profile adds no new + security issues beyond those endemic to all applications of + Megaco/H.248 Protocol [3]. + +8. References + + [1] TIA/EIA, IS-811, Performance and Interoperability Requirements + for Voice-over-IP (VoIP) Feature Telephones, + http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/ip/voip/tia-eia-is-811- + final.pdf + + [2] Greene, N., Ramalho, M. and B. Rosen, "Media Gateway Control + Protocol Architecture and Requirements", RFC 2805, April 2000. + + [3] Cuervo, F., Greene, N., Rayhan, A., Huitema, C., Rosen, B. and J. + Segers, "Megaco Protocol Version 1.0", RFC 3015, November 2000. + + [4] ITU-T SG16, H.248 Annex G: User Interface Elements and Actions + Packages, Brown, M. & P. Blatherwick, November 2000. + http://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/rec/h/h248anxg.html + + [5] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement + Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 12] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + +9. Authors' Addresses + + Peter Blatherwick (Editor) + Nortel Networks + P.O. Box 3511, Stn C + Ottawa, Ontario, + Canada K1Y 4H7 + + Phone: (613) 763-7539 + (613) 724-4726 + EMail: blather@nortelnetworks.com + peter.blatherwick@home.com + + + Bob Bell + Cisco Systems Inc. + 576 S. Brentwood Ln. + Bountiful, UT 84010 + USA + + Phone: (801) 294-3034 + EMail: rtbell@cisco.com + + + Phil Holland + Circa Communications Ltd. + 1000 West 14th Street + North Vancouver, British Columbia, + Canada V7P 3P3 + + Phone: (604) 924-1742 + EMail: phil.holland@circa.ca + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 13] + +RFC 3054 Megaco IP Phone Media GW Application Profile January 2001 + + +10. Full Copyright Statement + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved. + + This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to + others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it + or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published + and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any + kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are + included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this + document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing + the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other + Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of + developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for + copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be + followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than + English. + + The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be + revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. + + This document and the information contained herein is provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING + TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING + BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION + HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Acknowledgement + + Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the + Internet Society. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Blatherwick, et al. Informational [Page 14] + |