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+Network Working Group                                        B. Haberman
+Request for Comments: 3590                              Caspian Networks
+Updates: 2710                                             September 2003
+Category: Standards Track
+
+
+                    Source Address Selection for the
+              Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
+   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
+   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
+   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
+   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   It has come to light that there is an issue with the selection of a
+   suitable IPv6 source address for Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
+   messages when a node is performing stateless address
+   autoconfiguration.  This document is intended to clarify the rules on
+   selecting an IPv6 address to use for MLD messages.
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   The original specification of the Multicast Listener Discovery
+   Protocol (MLD) for IPv6 [RFC 2710] mandates the use of a link-local
+   IPv6 source address for the transmission of MLD messages.  In
+   addition, MLD also requires nodes to send MLD Report messages when
+   joining any IPv6 multicast group (except the All-Nodes address and
+   addresses of scope less than 2).
+
+   These MLD requirements conflict with the use of IPv6 multicast within
+   the Neighbor Discovery Protocol [RFC 2461].  For stateless
+   autoconfiguration, as defined in [RFC 2462], a node is required to
+   join several IPv6 multicast groups in order to perform Duplicate
+   Address Detection prior to its use.  Since the only address the node
+   has is tentative, and cannot be used for communication, it does not
+   have a suitable address to utilize as a source address.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3590       Source Address Selection for MLD Protocol  September 2003
+
+
+   This document will clarify the IPv6 source address selection rules
+   for use with MLD when no link-local addresses are available.
+
+2.  Terminology
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
+
+3.  Justification
+
+   In [RFC 2710], Section 3 requires that all MLD messages be sent with
+   a valid link-local IPv6 source address.  However, a node in the
+   process of performing duplicate address detection for its link-local
+   (LL) address will not have one available to use as a source address.
+   For this reason, this document allows the unspecified address to be
+   used as a source address for MLD messages being used during duplicate
+   address detection.
+
+   The discrepancies in the rules defined in [RFC 2710] and [RFC 2462]
+   has led to implementation issues.  Several IPv6 implementations skip
+   sending MLD Report messages during duplicate address detection
+   because they have no valid link-local address.  This leads to
+   operational problems when a node is attached to switches that perform
+   MLD snooping.  In this scenario, duplicate address detection (DAD)
+   will complete successfully and collisions can occur once the address
+   is put into use because switches may not have forwarded the DAD
+   messages to all nodes on the link as required.  This document fixes
+   this problem by specifying that MLD reports are to be sent using an
+   unspecified source address prior to DAD being started in order to
+   ensure that messages sent to LL multicast addresses (e.g., including
+   MLD) are forwarded to all appropriate nodes as required.
+
+4.  MLD Source Address Selection Guidelines
+
+   An MLD speaking node is required to choose a suitable IPv6 source
+   address for all MLD messages (Report, Done, and Query).
+
+   MLD Query messages MUST be sent with a valid link-local address as
+   the IPv6 source address.  If a node (router or host) receives a query
+   message with an IPv6 source address set to the unspecified address
+   (::), it MUST silently discard the message and SHOULD log a warning.
+
+   MLD Report and Done messages are sent with a link-local address as
+   the IPv6 source address, if a valid address is available on the
+   interface.  If a valid link-local address is not available (e.g., one
+   has not been configured), the message is sent with the unspecified
+   address (::) as the IPv6 source address.
+
+
+
+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3590       Source Address Selection for MLD Protocol  September 2003
+
+
+   Once a valid link-local address is available, a node SHOULD generate
+   new MLD Report messages for all multicast addresses joined on the
+   interface.
+
+   Routers receiving an MLD Report or Done message with the unspecified
+   address as the IPv6 source address MUST silently discard the packet
+   without taking any action on the packets contents.
+
+   Snooping switches MUST manage multicast forwarding state based on MLD
+   Report and Done messages sent with the unspecified address as the
+   IPv6 source address.
+
+5.  Source Address Selection Implications
+
+   In RFC 2710, MLD Report and Done messages are required to have an
+   IPv6 source address that is link-local.  This memo augments that rule
+   by allowing these messages to contain the unspecified address (::) as
+   the source address.
+
+   The behavior of RFC 2710 implementations, when receiving a message
+   with a source address of ::, is dependent upon how the implementation
+   treats the unspecified address.  That is, these messages will be
+   dropped if the implementation does not consider the unspecified
+   address to be link-local in scope.
+
+   As the unspecified address is only used when there is no link-local
+   address, RFC 2710 implementations discarding these packets will have
+   no affect on the packet's sender as the use should only be for
+   joining the link-local solicited-node multicast group [RFC 2462].
+
+   There is an implication to senders with respect to joining other
+   multicast groups prior to the activation of a link-local address.
+   The dropping of Reports using the unspecified address as a source
+   address could cause a lack of multicast traffic that is expected by
+   the node.  This black hole will be temporary until the node can send
+   a Report with a valid link-local address.
+
+6.  Security Considerations
+
+   General security issues related to MLD are discussed in [RFC 2710].
+
+   For hosts and routers, all received MLD messages from an unspecified
+   source address are silently discarded.  This is the required behavior
+   from [RFC 2710] and is not changed by this document.  Thus, the
+   changes have no new security impacts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3590       Source Address Selection for MLD Protocol  September 2003
+
+
+   In the case of snooping switches, multicast forwarding state will be
+   maintained based on Report and Done messages sent with the
+   unspecified address as the source address.  However, the security
+   vulnerabilities in this scenario are similar to those describing
+   forged messages in the security considerations section of [RFC 2710].
+
+7.  Intellectual Property Statement
+
+   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
+   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
+   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
+   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
+   might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
+   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
+   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
+   standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11.  Copies of
+   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
+   licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
+   obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
+   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
+   be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
+
+   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
+   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
+   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
+   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
+   Director.
+
+8.  References
+
+8.1.  Normative References
+
+   [RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC 2710] Deering, S., Fenner, W. and B. Haberman, "Multicast
+              Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6", RFC 2710, October
+              1999.
+
+8.2.  Informative References
+
+   [RFC 2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and W. Simpson, "Neighbor
+              Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December
+              1998.
+
+   [RFC 2462] Thomson, S. and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address
+              Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.
+
+
+
+
+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3590       Source Address Selection for MLD Protocol  September 2003
+
+
+9.  Author's Address
+
+   Brian Haberman
+   Caspian Networks
+   753 Bridgewater Drive
+   Sykesville, MD  21784
+
+   Phone: +1-410-552-1421
+   EMail: brian@innovationslab.net
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+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3590       Source Address Selection for MLD Protocol  September 2003
+
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+10.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
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+Haberman                    Standards Track                     [Page 6]
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