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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc5712.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc5712.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c9b3e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc5712.txt @@ -0,0 +1,731 @@ + + + + + + +Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Meyer, Ed. +Request for Comments: 5712 British Telecom +Category: Standards Track JP. Vasseur, Ed. +ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc. + January 2010 + + + MPLS Traffic Engineering Soft Preemption + +Abstract + + This document specifies Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic + Engineering Soft Preemption, a suite of protocol modifications + extending the concept of preemption with the goal of reducing or + eliminating traffic disruption of preempted Traffic Engineering Label + Switched Paths (TE LSPs). Initially, MPLS RSVP-TE was defined with + support for only immediate TE LSP displacement upon preemption. The + utilization of a reroute request notification helps more gracefully + mitigate the reroute process of preempted TE LSP. For the brief + period soft preemption is activated, reservations (though not + necessarily traffic levels) are in effect under-provisioned until the + TE LSP(s) can be rerouted. For this reason, the feature is + primarily, but not exclusively, interesting in MPLS-enabled IP + networks with Differentiated Services and Traffic Engineering + capabilities. + +Status of This Memo + + This is an Internet Standards Track document. + + This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has + received public review and has been approved for publication by the + Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on + Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. + + Information about the current status of this document, any errata, + and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at + http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5712. + + + + + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved. + + This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect + to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must + include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as + described in the Simplified BSD License. + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction ....................................................3 + 2. Terminology .....................................................3 + 2.1. Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................3 + 2.2. Nomenclature ...............................................4 + 2.3. Requirements Language ......................................4 + 3. Motivations .....................................................4 + 4. RSVP Extensions .................................................5 + 4.1. SESSION-ATTRIBUTE Flags ....................................5 + 4.2. Path Error - "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" + Error Value ................................................5 + 5. Mode of Operation ...............................................6 + 6. Elements Of Procedures ..........................................7 + 6.1. On a Soft Preempting LSR ...................................7 + 6.2. On Head-end LSR of a Soft Preempted TE LSP .................9 + 7. Interoperability ...............................................10 + 8. Management .....................................................10 + 9. IANA Considerations ............................................11 + 9.1. New Session Attribute Object Flag .........................11 + 9.2. New Error Sub-Code Value ..................................11 + 10. Security Considerations .......................................11 + 11. Acknowledgements ..............................................12 + 12. Contributors ..................................................12 + 13. References ....................................................12 + 13.1. Normative References .....................................12 + 13.2. Informative References ...................................13 + + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +1. Introduction + + In a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Resource Reservation + Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) (see [RFC3209]) enabled IP + network, hard preemption is the default behavior. Hard preemption + provides no mechanism to allow preempted Traffic Engineering Label + Switched Paths (TE LSPs) to be handled in a make-before-break + fashion: the hard preemption scheme instead utilizes a very intrusive + method that can cause traffic disruption for a potentially large + amount of TE LSPs. Without an alternative, network operators either + accept this limitation, or remove functionality by using only one + preemption priority or using invalid bandwidth reservation values. + Understandably desirable features like TE reservation adjustments + that are automated by the ingress Label Edge Router (LER) are less + palatable when preemption is intrusive and maintaining high levels of + network stability levels is a concern. + + This document defines the use of additional signaling and maintenance + mechanisms to alert the ingress LER of the preemption that is pending + and allow for temporary control-plane under-provisioning while the + preempted tunnel is rerouted in a non-disruptive fashion (make- + before-break) by the ingress LER. During the period that the tunnel + is being rerouted, link capacity is under-provisioned on the midpoint + where preemption initiated and potentially one or more links upstream + along the path where other soft preemptions may have occurred. + +2. Terminology + + This document follows the nomenclature of the MPLS Architecture + defined in [RFC3031]. + +2.1. Acronyms and Abbreviations + + CSPF: Constrained Shortest Path First. + + DS: Differentiated Services. + + LER: Label Edge Router. + + LSR: Label Switching Router. + + LSP: Label Switched Path. + + MPLS: MultiProtocol Label Switching. + + RSVP: Resource ReSerVation Protocol. + + TE LSP: Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path. + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +2.2. Nomenclature + + Point of Preemption - the midpoint or ingress LSR which due to RSVP + provisioning levels is forced to either hard preempt or under- + provision and signal soft preemption. + + Hard Preemption - The (typically default) preemption process in which + higher numeric priority TE LSPs are intrusively displaced at the + point of preemption by lower numeric priority TE LSPs. In hard + preemption, the TE LSP is torn down before reestablishment. + +2.3. Requirements Language + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this + document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. + +3. Motivations + + Initially, MPLS RSVP-TE [RFC3209] was defined with support for only + one method of TE LSP preemption, which immediately tears down TE + LSPs, disregarding the preempted in-transit traffic. This simple but + abrupt process nearly guarantees preempted traffic will be discarded, + if only briefly, until the RSVP Path Error message reaches and is + processed by the ingress LER and a new data path can be established. + The Error Code and Error Values carried within the RSVP Path Error + message to report a preemption action are documented in [RFC5711]. + Note that such preemption is also referred to as a fatal error in + [RFC5711]. In cases of actual resource contention this might be + helpful; however, preemption may be triggered by mere reservation + contention, and reservations may not reflect data-plane contention up + to the moment. The result is that when conditions that promote + preemption exist and hard preemption is the default behavior, + inferior priority preempted traffic may be needlessly discarded when + sufficient bandwidth exists for both the preempted TE LSP and the + preempting TE LSP(s). + + Hard preemption may be a requirement to protect numerically lower + preemption priority traffic in a non-Diffserv-enabled architecture, + but in a Diffserv-enabled-architecture, one need not rely exclusively + upon preemption to enforce a preference for the most valued traffic + since the marking and queuing disciplines should already be aligned + for those purposes. Moreover, even in non-Diffserv-aware networks, + depending on the TE LSP sizing rules (imagine all LSPs are sized at + double their observed traffic level), reservation contention may not + accurately reflect the potential for data-plane congestion. + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +4. RSVP Extensions + +4.1. SESSION-ATTRIBUTE Flags + + To explicitly signal the desire for a TE LSP to benefit from the soft + preemption mechanism (and thus not to be hard preempted if the soft + preemption mechanism is available), the following flag of the + SESSION-ATTRIBUTE object (for both the C-Type 1 and 7) is defined: + + Soft Preemption Desired bit + + Bit Flag Name Flag + 0x40 Soft Preemption Desired + +4.2. Path Error - "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" Error Value + + [RFC5710] specifies defines a new reroute-specific error code that + allows a midpoint to report a TE LSP reroute request (Error Code=34 - + Reroute). This document specifies a new Error Value sub-code for the + case of soft preemption. + + + Error-value Meaning Reference + 1 Reroute Request Soft Preemption This document + + Upon (soft) preemption, the preempting node MUST issue a PathErr + message with the Error Code=34 ("Reroute") and a value=1 ("Reroute + Request Soft Preemption"). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +5. Mode of Operation + + Let's consider the following example: + + R0--1G--R1---155----R2 + | \ | + | \ 155 + | \ | + 155 1G R3 + | \ | + | \ 155 + | \| + R4----1G----R5 + + + LSP1: LSP2: + + R0-->R1 R1<--R2 + \ | + V V + R5 R4 + + Figure 1: Example of Soft Preemption Operation + + In the network depicted above in Figure 1, consider the following + conditions: + + o Reservable BW on R0-R1, R1-R5, and R4-R5 is 1 Gbit/s. + + o Reservable BW on R1-R2, R1-R4, R2-R3, and R3-R5 is 155 Mbit/s. + + o Bandwidths and costs are identical in both directions. + + o Each circuit has an IGP metric of 10, and the IGP metric is used + by CSPF. + + o Two TE tunnels are defined: + + * LSP1: 155 Mbit/s, setup/hold priority 0 tunnel, path R0-R1-R5. + + * LSP2: 155 Mbit/s, setup/hold priority 7 tunnel, path R2-R1-R4. + + Both TE LSPs are signaled with the "Soft Preemption Desired" bit + of their SESSION-ATTRIBUTE object set. + + o Circuit R1-R5 fails. + + o Soft Preemption is functional. + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + + When the circuit R1-R5 fails, R1 detects the failure and sends an + updated IGP LSA/LSP and Path Error message to all the head-end LSRs + that have a TE LSP traversing the failed link (R0 in the example + above). Either form of notification may arrive at the head-end LSRs + first. Upon receiving the link failure notification, R0 triggers a + TE LSP reroute of LSP1, and re-signals LSP1 along shortest path + available satisfying the TE LSP constraints: R0-R1-R4-R5 path. The + Resv messages for LSP1 travel in the upstream direction (from the + destination to the head-end LSR -- R5 to R0 in this example). LSP2 + is soft preempted at R1 as it has a numerically lower priority value, + and both bandwidth reservations cannot be satisfied on the R1-R4 + link. + + Instead of sending a PathTear message for LSP2 upon preemption as + with hard preemption (which would result in an immediate traffic + disruption for LSP2), R1's local bandwidth accounting for LSP2 is + zeroed, and a PathErr message with error code "Reroute" and a value + "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" for LSP2 is issued. + + Upon reception of the PathErr message for LSP2, R2 may update the + working copy of the TE-DB before calculating a new path for the new + LSP. In the case that Diffserv [RFC3270] and TE [RFC3209] are + deployed, receiving a "preemption pending" notification may imply to + a head-end LSR that the available bandwidth for the affected priority + level and numerically greater priority levels has been exhausted for + the indicated node interface. R2 may choose to reduce or zero the + available bandwidth for the implied priority range until more + accurate information is available (i.e., a new IGP TE update is + received). It follows that R2 re-computes a new path and performs a + non-traffic-disruptive rerouting of the new TE LSP T2 by means of the + make-before-break procedure. The old path is then torn down. + +6. Elements Of Procedures + +6.1. On a Soft Preempting LSR + + When a new TE LSP is signaled that requires a set of TE LSP(s) to be + preempted because not all TE LSPs can be accommodated on a specific + interface, a node triggers a preemption action that consists of + selecting the set of TE LSPs that must be preempted so as to free up + some bandwidth in order to satisfy the newly signaled numerically + lower preemption TE LSP. + + With hard preemption, when a TE LSP is preempted, the preempting node + sends an RSVP PathErr message that serves as notification of a fatal + action as documented in [RFC5711]. Upon receiving the RSVP PathErr + message, the head-end LSR sends an RSVP PathTear message, that would + result in an immediate traffic disruption for the preempted TE LSP. + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + + By contrast, the mode of operation with soft preemption is as + follows: the preempting node's local bandwidth accounting for the + preempted TE LSP is zeroed and a PathErr with error code "Reroute", + and a error value "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" for that TE LSP + is issued upstream toward the head-end LSR. + + If more than one soft preempted TE LSP has the same head-end LSR, + these soft preemption PathErr notification messages may be bundled + together. + + The preempting node MUST immediately send a PathErr with error code + "Reroute" and a error value "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" for + each soft preempted TE LSP. The node MAY use the occurrence of soft + preemption to trigger an immediate IGP update or influence the + scheduling of an IGP update. + + To guard against a situation where bandwidth under-provisioning will + last forever, a local timer (named the "Soft preemption timer") MUST + be started on the preemption node upon soft preemption. If this + timer expires, the preempting node SHOULD send an RSVP PathTear and + either a ResvTear message or a PathErr with the 'Path_State_Removed' + flag set. + + Should a refresh event for a soft preempted TE LSP arrive before the + soft preemption timer expires, the soft preempting node MUST continue + to refresh the TE LSP. + + When the MESSAGE-ID extensions defined in [RFC2961] are available and + enabled, PathErr messages with the error code "Reroute" and error + value "Reroute Request Soft Preemption" SHOULD be sent in reliable + mode. + + The preempting node MAY preempt TE LSPs that have a numerically + higher Holding priority than the Setup priority of the newly admitted + LSP. Within the same priority, first it SHOULD attempt to preempt + LSPs with the "Soft Preemption Desired" bit of the SESSION ATTRIBUTE + object cleared, i.e., the TE LSPs that are considered as Hard + Preemptable. + + Selection of the preempted TE LSP at a preempting midpoint: when a + numerically lower priority TE LSP is signaled that requires the + preemption of a set of numerically higher priority LSPs, the node + where preemption is to occur has to make a decision on the set of TE + LSP(s) that are candidates for preemption. This decision is a local + decision and various algorithms can be used, depending on the + objective (e.g, see [RFC4829]). As already mentioned, soft + preemption causes a temporary link under-provisioning condition while + the soft preempted TE LSPs are rerouted by their respective head-end + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + + LSRs. In order to reduce this under-provisioning exposure, a soft + preempting LSR MAY check first if there exists soft preemptable TE + LSP bandwidth that is flagged by another node but still available for + soft preemption locally. If sufficient overlap bandwidth exists, the + LSR MAY attempt to soft preempt the same TE LSP. This would help + reduce the temporarily elevated under-provisioning ratio on the links + where soft preemption occurs and reduce the number of preempted TE + LSPs. Optionally, a midpoint LSR upstream or downstream from a soft + preempting node MAY choose to flag the TE LSPs in soft preempted + state. In the event a local preemption is needed, the LSPs that are + in the cache and of the relevant priority level are soft preempted + first, followed by the normal soft and hard preemption selection + process for the given priority. + + Under specific circumstances such as unacceptable link congestion, a + node MAY decide to hard preempt a TE LSP (by sending a fatal Path + Error message, a PathTear, and either a ResvTear or a Path Error + message with the 'Path_State_Removed' flag set) even if its head-end + LSR explicitly requested soft preemption (by setting the "Soft + Preemption Desired" flag of the corresponding SESSION-ATTRIBUTE + object). Note that such a decision MAY also be made for TE LSPs + under soft preemption state. + +6.2. On Head-end LSR of a Soft Preempted TE LSP + + Upon reception of a PathErr message with error code "Reroute" and an + error value "Reroute request soft preemption", the head-end LSR MAY + first update the working copy of the TE-DB before computing a new + path (e.g., by running CSPF) for the new LSP. In the case that + Diffserv [RFC3270] and MPLS Traffic Engineering [RFC3209] are + deployed, receiving "preemption pending" may imply to a head-end LSR + that the available bandwidth for the affected priority level and + numerically greater priority levels has been exhausted for the + indicated node interface. A head-end LSR MAY choose to reduce or + zero the available bandwidth for the implied priority range until + more accurate information is available (i.e., a new IGP TE update is + received). + + Once a new path has been computed, the soft preempted TE LSP is + rerouted using the non-traffic-disruptive make-before-break + procedure. The amount of time the head-end node avoids using the + node interface identified by the IP address contained in the PathErr + is based on a local decision at the head-end node. + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + + As a result of soft preemption, no traffic will be needlessly black- + holed due to mere reservation contention. If loss is to occur, it + will be due only to an actual traffic congestion scenario and + according to the operator's Diffserv (if Diffserv is deployed) and + queuing scheme. + +7. Interoperability + + Backward compatibility should be assured as long as the + implementation followed the recommendations set forth in [RFC3209]. + + As mentioned previously, to guard against a situation where bandwidth + under-provisioning will last forever, a local timer (soft preemption + timer) MUST be started on the preemption node upon soft preemption. + When this timer expires, the soft preempted TE LSP SHOULD be hard + preempted by sending a fatal Path Error message, a PathTear message, + and either a ResvTear message or a PathErr message with the + 'Path_State_Removed' flag set. This timer SHOULD be configurable, + and a default value of 30 seconds is RECOMMENDED. + + It is RECOMMENDED that configuring the default preemption timer to 0 + will cause the implementation to use hard-preemption. + + Soft preemption as defined in this document is designed for use in + MPLS RSVP-TE enabled IP networks and may not functionally translate + to some GMPLS technologies. As with backward compatibility, if a + device does not recognize a flag, it should pass the subobject + transparently. + +8. Management + + Both the point of preemption and the ingress LER SHOULD provide some + form of accounting internally and to the network operator interface + with regard to which TE LSPs and how much capacity is under- + provisioned due to soft preemption. Displays of under-provisioning + are recommended for the following midpoint, ingress, and egress + views: + + o Sum of current bandwidth per preemption priority per local + interface + + o Sum of current bandwidth total per local interface + + o Sum of current bandwidth per local router (ingress, egress, + midpoint) + + o List of current LSPs and bandwidth in PPend (preemption pending) + status + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + + o List of current sum bandwidth and session count in PPend status + per observed Explicit Route Object (ERO) hops (ingress and egress + views only). + + o Cumulative PPend events per observed ERO hop. + +9. IANA Considerations + +9.1. New Session Attribute Object Flag + + A new flag of the Session Attribute Object has been registered by + IANA. + + Soft Preemption Desired bit + + Bit Flag Name Reference + 0x40 Soft Preemption Desired This document + +9.2. New Error Sub-Code Value + + [RFC5710] defines a new reroute-specific error code that allows a + midpoint to report a TE LSP reroute request. This document specifies + a new error sub-code value for the case of Soft Preemption. + + Error-value Meaning Reference + 1 Reroute Request Soft Preemption This document + +10. Security Considerations + + This document does not introduce new security issues. The security + considerations pertaining to the original RSVP protocol [RFC3209] + remain relevant. Further details about MPLS security considerations + can be found in [SEC_FMWK]. + + As noted in Section 6.1, soft preemption may result in temporary link + under provisioning condition while the soft preempted TE LSPs are + rerouted by their respective head-end LSRs. Although this is a less + serious condition than false hard preemption, and despite the + mitigation procedures described in Section 6.1, network operators + should be aware of the risk to their network in the case that the + soft preemption processes are subverted, and should apply the + relevant MPLS control plane security techniques to protect against + attacks. + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +11. Acknowledgements + + The authors would like to thank Carol Iturralde, Dave Cooper, Loa + Andersson, Arthi Ayyangar, Ina Minei, George Swallow, Adrian Farrel, + and Mustapha Aissaoui for their valuable comments. + +12. Contributors + + Denver Maddux + Limelight Networks + USA + EMail: denver@nitrous.net + + Curtis Villamizar + AVICI + EMail:curtis@faster-light.net + + Amir Birjandi + Juniper Networks + 2251 Corporate Park Dr., Ste. 100 + Herndon, VA 20171 + USA + EMail: abirjandi@juniper.net + +13. References + +13.1. Normative References + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol + Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001. + + [RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V., + and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP + Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001. + + [RFC5710] Berger, L., Papadimitriou, D., and JP. Vasseur, "PathErr + Message Triggered MPLS and GMPLS LSP Reroutes", RFC 5710, + January 2010. + + [RFC5711] Vasseur, JP., Swallow, G., and I. Minei, "Node Behavior + upon Originating and Receiving Resource Reservation + Protocol (RSVP) Path Error Messages", RFC 5711, January + 2010. + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 5712 MPLS-TE Soft Preemption January 2010 + + +13.2. Informative References + + [RFC2961] Berger, L., Gan, D., Swallow, G., Pan, P., Tommasi, F., + and S. Molendini, "RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction + Extensions", RFC 2961, April 2001. + + [RFC3270] Le Faucheur, F., Wu, L., Davie, B., Davari, S., Vaananen, + P., Krishnan, R., Cheval, P., and J. Heinanen, "Multi- + Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Support of Differentiated + Services", RFC 3270, May 2002. + + [RFC4829] de Oliveira, J., Vasseur, JP., Chen, L., and C. Scoglio, + "Label Switched Path (LSP) Preemption Policies for MPLS + Traffic Engineering", RFC 4829, April 2007. + + [SEC_FMWK] Fang, L., Ed., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS + Networks", Work in Progress, October 2009. + +Authors' Addresses + + Matthew R. Meyer (editor) + British Telecom + + EMail: matthew.meyer@bt.com + + + JP Vasseur (editor) + Cisco Systems, Inc. + 11, Rue Camille Desmoulins + Issy Les Moulineaux, 92782 + France + + EMail: jpv@cisco.com + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Meyer & Vasseur Standards Track [Page 13] + |