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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc6388.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc6388.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9066e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc6388.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2187 @@ + + + + + + +Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) IJ. Wijnands, Ed. +Request for Comments: 6388 Cisco Systems, Inc. +Category: Standards Track I. Minei, Ed. +ISSN: 2070-1721 K. Kompella + Juniper Networks + B. Thomas + November 2011 + + + Label Distribution Protocol Extensions for + Point-to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched Paths + +Abstract + + This document describes extensions to the Label Distribution Protocol + (LDP) for the setup of point-to-multipoint (P2MP) and multipoint-to- + multipoint (MP2MP) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in MPLS networks. + These extensions are also referred to as multipoint LDP. Multipoint + LDP constructs the P2MP or MP2MP LSPs without interacting with or + relying upon any other multicast tree construction protocol. + Protocol elements and procedures for this solution are described for + building such LSPs in a receiver-initiated manner. There can be + various applications for multipoint LSPs, for example IP multicast or + support for multicast in BGP/MPLS Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks + (L3VPNs). Specification of how such applications can use an LDP + signaled multipoint LSP is outside the scope of this document. + +Status of This Memo + + This is an Internet Standards Track document. + + This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force + (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has + received public review and has been approved for publication by the + Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on + Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. + + Information about the current status of this document, any errata, + and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at + http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6388. + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + document authors. All rights reserved. + + This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents + (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of + publication of this document. Please review these documents + carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect + to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must + include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as + described in the Simplified BSD License. + + This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF + Contributions published or made publicly available before November + 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this + material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow + modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. + Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling + the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified + outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may + not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format + it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other + than English. + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction ....................................................3 + 1.1. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................4 + 1.2. Terminology ................................................4 + 1.3. Manageability ..............................................5 + 2. Setting Up P2MP LSPs with LDP ...................................6 + 2.1. Support for P2MP LSP Setup with LDP ........................6 + 2.2. The P2MP FEC Element .......................................6 + 2.3. The LDP MP Opaque Value Element ............................8 + 2.3.1. The Generic LSP Identifier ..........................9 + 2.4. Using the P2MP FEC Element .................................9 + 2.4.1. Label Mapping ......................................10 + 2.4.2. Label Withdraw .....................................12 + 2.4.3. Upstream LSR Change ................................13 + 3. Setting up MP2MP LSPs with LDP .................................14 + 3.1. Support for MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP ......................14 + 3.2. The MP2MP Downstream and Upstream FEC Elements ............15 + 3.3. Using the MP2MP FEC Elements ..............................15 + 3.3.1. MP2MP Label Mapping ................................17 + 3.3.2. MP2MP Label Withdraw ...............................20 + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + 3.3.3. MP2MP Upstream LSR Change ..........................21 + 4. Micro-Loops in MP LSPs .........................................21 + 5. The LDP MP Status TLV ..........................................21 + 5.1. The LDP MP Status Value Element ...........................22 + 5.2. LDP Messages Containing LDP MP Status Messages ............22 + 5.2.1. LDP MP Status Sent in LDP Notification Messages ....23 + 5.2.2. LDP MP Status TLV in Label Mapping Message .........24 + 6. Upstream Label Allocation on a LAN .............................24 + 6.1. LDP Multipoint-to-Multipoint on a LAN .....................24 + 6.1.1. MP2MP Downstream Forwarding ........................25 + 6.1.2. MP2MP Upstream Forwarding ..........................25 + 7. Root Node Redundancy ...........................................25 + 7.1. Root Node Redundancy - Procedures for P2MP LSPs ...........26 + 7.2. Root Node Redundancy - Procedures for MP2MP LSPs ..........26 + 8. Make Before Break (MBB) ........................................27 + 8.1. MBB Overview .............................................27 + 8.2. The MBB Status Code .......................................28 + 8.3. The MBB Capability ........................................29 + 8.4. The MBB Procedures ........................................29 + 8.4.1. Terminology ........................................29 + 8.4.2. Accepting Elements .................................30 + 8.4.3. Procedures for Upstream LSR Change .................30 + 8.4.4. Receiving a Label Mapping with MBB Status Code .....31 + 8.4.5. Receiving a Notification with MBB Status Code ......31 + 8.4.6. Node Operation for MP2MP LSPs ......................32 + 9. Typed Wildcard for mLDP FEC Element ............................32 + 10. Security Considerations .......................................32 + 11. IANA Considerations ...........................................33 + 12. Acknowledgments ...............................................34 + 13. Contributing Authors ..........................................35 + 14. References ....................................................37 + 14.1. Normative References .....................................37 + 14.2. Informative References ...................................37 + +1. Introduction + + The LDP protocol is described in [RFC5036]. It defines mechanisms + for setting up point-to-point (P2P) and multipoint-to-point (MP2P) + LSPs in the network. This document describes extensions to LDP for + setting up point-to-multipoint (P2MP) and multipoint-to-multipoint + (MP2MP) LSPs. These are collectively referred to as multipoint LSPs + (MP LSPs). A P2MP LSP allows traffic from a single root (or ingress) + node to be delivered to a number of leaf (or egress) nodes. An MP2MP + LSP allows traffic from multiple ingress nodes to be delivered to + multiple egress nodes. Only a single copy of the packet will be sent + to an LDP neighbor traversed by the MP LSP. This is accomplished + without the use of a multicast protocol in the network. There can be + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + several MP LSPs rooted at a given ingress node, each with its own + identifier. + + The solution assumes that the leaf nodes of the MP LSP know the root + node and identifier of the MP LSP to which they belong. The + mechanisms for the distribution of this information are outside the + scope of this document. The specification of how an application can + use an MP LSP signaled by LDP is also outside the scope of this + document. + + Related documents that may be of interest include [RFC6348], + [L3VPN-MCAST], and [RFC4875]. + +1.1. Conventions Used in This Document + + The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", + "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this + document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. + + All new fields shown as "reserved" in this document MUST be set to + zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on receipt. + +1.2. Terminology + + Some of the following terminology is taken from [RFC6348]. + + mLDP: Multipoint extensions for LDP. + + P2P LSP: An LSP that has one Ingress LSR and one Egress LSR. + + P2MP LSP: An LSP that has one Ingress LSR and one or more Egress + LSRs. + + MP2P LSP: An LSP that has one or more Ingress LSRs and one unique + Egress LSR. + + MP2MP LSP: An LSP with a distinguished root node that connects a set + of nodes, such that traffic sent by any node in the LSP is + delivered to all others. + + MP LSP: A multipoint LSP, either a P2MP or an MP2MP LSP. + + Ingress LSR: An Ingress LSR for a particular LSP is an LSR that can + send a data packet along the LSP. MP2MP LSPs can have multiple + Ingress LSRs, P2MP LSPs have just one, and that node is often + referred to as the "root node". + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + Egress LSR: An Egress LSR for a particular LSP is an LSR that can + remove a data packet from that LSP for further processing. P2P + and MP2P LSPs have only a single egress node, but P2MP and MP2MP + LSPs can have multiple egress nodes. + + Transit LSR: An LSR that has reachability to the root of the MP LSP + via a directly connected upstream LSR and one or more directly + connected downstream LSRs. + + Bud LSR: An LSR that is an egress but also has one or more directly + connected downstream LSRs. + + Leaf node: A leaf node can be either an Egress or Bud LSR when + referred to in the context of a P2MP LSP. In the context of an + MP2MP LSP, a leaf is both Ingress and Egress for the same MP2MP + LSP and can also be a Bud LSR. + + CRC32: This contains a Cyclic Redundancy Check value of the + uncompressed data in network byte order computed according to + CRC-32 algorithm used in the ISO 3309 standard [ISO3309] and in + Section 8.1.1.6.2 of ITU-T recommendation V.42 [ITU.V42.1994]. + + FEC: Forwarding Equivalence Class + +1.3. Manageability + + MPLS LSRs can be modeled and managed using the MIB module defined in + [RFC3813]. That MIB module is fully capable of handling the one-to- + many in-segment to out-segment relationships needed to support P2MP + LSPs, and no further changes are required. + + [RFC3815] defines managed objects for LDP. The MIB module allows the + modeling and management of LDP and LDP speakers for the protocol as + defined in [RFC5036]. The protocol extensions defined in this + document to support P2MP in LDP may require an additional MIB module + or extensions to the modules defined in [RFC3815]. This is for + future study, and at the time of this writing, no interest has been + expressed in this work. + + Future manageability work should pay attention to the protocol + extensions defined in this document, and specifically the + configurable and variable elements, along with reporting the new + protocol fields that identify individual P2MP LSPs. + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +2. Setting Up P2MP LSPs with LDP + + A P2MP LSP consists of a single root node, zero or more transit + nodes, and one or more leaf nodes. Leaf nodes initiate P2MP LSP + setup and tear-down. Leaf nodes also install forwarding state to + deliver the traffic received on a P2MP LSP to wherever it needs to + go; how this is done is outside the scope of this document. Transit + nodes install MPLS forwarding state and propagate the P2MP LSP setup + (and tear-down) toward the root. The root node installs forwarding + state to map traffic into the P2MP LSP; how the root node determines + which traffic should go over the P2MP LSP is outside the scope of + this document. + +2.1. Support for P2MP LSP Setup with LDP + + Support for the setup of P2MP LSPs is advertised using LDP + capabilities as defined in [RFC5561]. An implementation supporting + the P2MP procedures specified in this document MUST implement the + procedures for Capability Parameters in Initialization messages. + + A new Capability Parameter TLV is defined, the P2MP Capability. + Following is the format of the P2MP Capability Parameter. + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |1|0| P2MP Capability (0x0508) | Length (= 1) | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |S| Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + S: As specified in [RFC5561] + + The P2MP Capability TLV MUST be advertised in the LDP Initialization + message. Advertisement of the P2MP Capability indicates support of + the procedures for P2MP LSP setup detailed in this document. If the + peer has not advertised the corresponding capability, then label + messages using the P2MP FEC Element SHOULD NOT be sent to the peer. + +2.2. The P2MP FEC Element + + For the setup of a P2MP LSP with LDP, we define one new protocol + entity, the P2MP FEC Element, to be used as a FEC Element in the FEC + TLV. Note that the P2MP FEC Element does not necessarily identify + the traffic that must be mapped to the LSP, so from that point of + view, the use of the term FEC is a misnomer. The description of the + P2MP FEC Element follows. + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + The P2MP FEC Element consists of the address of the root of the P2MP + LSP and an opaque value. The opaque value consists of one or more + LDP MP opaque value elements. The opaque value is unique within the + context of the root node. The combination of (Root Node Address + type, Root Node Address, Opaque Value) uniquely identifies a P2MP LSP + within the MPLS network. + + The P2MP FEC Element is encoded as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |P2MP Type(0x06)| Address Family | Address Length| + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + ~ Root Node Address ~ + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Opaque Length | Opaque Value ... | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + ~ ~ + | | + | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Type: The type of the P2MP FEC Element is 0x06. + + Address Family: Two octet quantity containing a value from IANA's + "Address Family Numbers" registry that encodes the address family + for the Root LSR Address. + + Address Length: Length of the Root LSR Address in octets. + + Root Node Address: A host address encoded according to the Address + Family field. + + Opaque Length: The length of the opaque value, in octets. + + Opaque Value: One or more MP opaque value elements, uniquely + identifying the P2MP LSP in the context of the root node. This is + described in the next section. + + If the Address Family is IPv4, the Address Length MUST be 4; if the + Address Family is IPv6, the Address Length MUST be 16. No other + Address Lengths are defined at present. + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + If the Address Length doesn't match the defined length for the + Address Family, the receiver SHOULD abort processing the message + containing the FEC Element, and send an "Unknown FEC" Notification + message to its LDP peer signaling an error. + + If a FEC TLV contains a P2MP FEC Element, the P2MP FEC Element MUST + be the only FEC Element in the FEC TLV. + +2.3. The LDP MP Opaque Value Element + + The LDP MP opaque value element is used in the P2MP and MP2MP FEC + Elements defined in subsequent sections. It carries information that + is meaningful to Ingress LSRs and Leaf LSRs, but need not be + interpreted by Transit LSRs. + + The LDP MP opaque value element basic type is encoded as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Type < 255 | Length | Value ... | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | + ~ ~ + | | + | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Type: The Type of the LDP MP opaque value element. IANA maintains a + registry of basic types (see Section 11). + + Length: The length of the Value field, in octets. + + Value: String of Length octets, to be interpreted as specified by + the Type field. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 8] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + The LDP MP opaque value element extended type is encoded as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Type = 255 | Extended Type | Length (high) | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-| + | Length (low) | Value | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | + ~ ~ + | | + | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Type: Type = 255. + + Extended Type: The Extended Type of the LDP MP opaque value element. + IANA maintains a registry of extended types (see Section 11). + + Length: The length of the Value field, in octets. + + Value: String of Length octets, to be interpreted as specified by + the Type field. + +2.3.1. The Generic LSP Identifier + + The generic LSP identifier is a type of opaque value element basic + type encoded as follows: + + Type: 1 + + Length: 4 + + Value: A 32-bit integer, unique in the context of the root, as + identified by the root's address. + + This type of opaque value element is recommended when mapping of + traffic to LSPs is non-algorithmic and is done by means outside LDP. + +2.4. Using the P2MP FEC Element + + This section defines the rules for the processing and propagation of + the P2MP FEC Element. The following notation is used in the + processing rules: + + 1. P2MP FEC Element <X, Y>: a FEC Element with root node address X + and opaque value Y. + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 9] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + 2. P2MP Label Mapping <X, Y, L>: a Label Mapping message with a FEC + TLV with a single P2MP FEC Element <X, Y> and Label TLV with label + L. Label L MUST be allocated from the per-platform label space + (see [RFC3031], Section 3.14) of the LSR sending the Label Mapping + message. The use of the interface label space is outside the + scope of this document. + + 3. P2MP Label Withdraw <X, Y, L>: a Label Withdraw message with a FEC + TLV with a single P2MP FEC Element <X, Y> and Label TLV with label + L. + + 4. P2MP LSP <X, Y> (or simply <X, Y>): a P2MP LSP with root node + address X and opaque value Y. + + 5. The notation L' -> {<I1, L1> <I2, L2> ..., <In, Ln>} on LSR X + means that on receiving a packet with label L', X makes n copies + of the packet. For copy i of the packet, X swaps L' with Li and + sends it out over interface Ii. + + The procedures below are organized by the role that the node plays in + the P2MP LSP. Node Z knows that it is a leaf node by a discovery + process that is outside the scope of this document. During the + course of protocol operation, the root node recognizes its role + because it owns the root node address. A transit node is any node + (other than the root node) that receives a P2MP Label Mapping message + (i.e., one that has leaf nodes downstream of it). + + Note that a transit node (and indeed the root node) may also be a + leaf node. + +2.4.1. Label Mapping + + The remainder of this section specifies the procedures for + originating P2MP Label Mapping messages and for processing received + P2MP Label Mapping messages for a particular LSP. The procedures for + a particular LSR depend upon the role that LSR plays in the LSP + (Ingress, Transit, or Egress). + + All labels discussed here are downstream-assigned [RFC5332] except + those that are assigned using the procedures of Section 6. + +2.4.1.1. Determining One's 'upstream LSR' + + Each node that is either an Leaf or Transit LSR of MP LSP needs to + use the procedures below to select an upstream LSR. A node Z that + wants to join an MP LSP <X, Y> determines the LDP peer U that is Z's + next-hop on the best path from Z to the root node X. If there is + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 10] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + more than one such LDP peer, only one of them is picked. U is Z's + "upstream LSR" for <X, Y>. + + When there are several candidate upstream LSRs, the LSR MUST select + one upstream LSR. The algorithm used for the LSR selection is a + local matter. If the LSR selection is done over a LAN interface and + the Section 6 procedures are applied, the following procedure SHOULD + be applied to ensure that the same upstream LSR is elected among a + set of candidate receivers on that LAN. + + 1. The candidate upstream LSRs are numbered from lower to higher IP + address. + + 2. The following hash is performed: H = (CRC32(Opaque Value)) modulo + N, where N is the number of upstream LSRs. The 'Opaque Value' is + the field identified in the FEC Element right after 'Opaque + Length'. The 'Opaque Length' indicates the size of the opaque + value used in this calculation. + + 3. The selected upstream LSR U is the LSR that has the number H. + + This procedure will ensure that there is a single forwarder over the + LAN for a particular LSP. + +2.4.1.2. Determining the Forwarding Interface to an LSR + + Suppose LSR U receives an MP Label Mapping message from a downstream + LSR D, specifying label L. Suppose further that U is connected to D + over several LDP enabled interfaces or RSVP-TE Tunnel interfaces. If + U needs to transmit to D a data packet whose top label is L, U is + free to transmit the packet on any of those interfaces. The + algorithm it uses to choose a particular interface and next-hop for a + particular such packet is a local matter. For completeness, the + following procedure MAY be used. LSR U may do a lookup in the + unicast routing table to find the best interface and next-hop to + reach LSR D. If the next-hop and interface are also advertised by LSR + D via the LDP session, it can be used to transmit the packet to LSR + D. + +2.4.1.3. Leaf Operation + + A leaf node Z of P2MP LSP <X, Y> determines its upstream LSR U for + <X, Y> as per Section 2.4.1.1, allocates a label L, and sends a P2MP + Label Mapping <X, Y, L> to U. + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 11] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +2.4.1.4. Transit Node Operation + + Suppose a transit node Z receives a P2MP Label Mapping <X, Y, L> from + LSR T. Z checks whether it already has state for <X, Y>. If not, Z + determines its upstream LSR U for <X, Y> as per Section 2.4.1.1. + Using this Label Mapping to update the label forwarding table MUST + NOT be done as long as LSR T is equal to LSR U. If LSR U is + different from LSR T, Z will allocate a label L', and install state + to swap L' with L over interface I associated with LSR T and send a + P2MP Label Mapping <X, Y, L'> to LSR U. Interface I is determined + via the procedures in Section 2.4.1.2. + + If Z already has state for <X, Y>, then Z does not send a Label + Mapping message for P2MP LSP <X, Y>. If LSR T is not equal to the + upstream LSR of <X, Y> and <I, L> does not already exist as + forwarding state, the forwarding state is updated. Assuming its old + forwarding state was L'-> {<I1, L1> <I2, L2> ..., <In, Ln>}, its new + forwarding state becomes L'-> {<I1, L1> <I2, L2> ..., <In, Ln>, <I, + L>}. If LSR T is equal to the installed upstream LSR, the Label + Mapping from LSR T MUST be retained and MUST NOT update the label + forwarding table. + +2.4.1.5. Root Node Operation + + Suppose the root node Z receives a P2MP Label Mapping <X, Y, L> from + LSR T. Z checks whether it already has forwarding state for <X, Y>. + If not, Z creates forwarding state to push label L onto the traffic + that Z wants to forward over the P2MP LSP (how this traffic is + determined is outside the scope of this document). + + If Z already has forwarding state for <X, Y>, then Z adds "push label + L, send over interface I" to the next hop, where I is the interface + associated with LSR T and determined via the procedures in Section + 2.4.1.2. + +2.4.2. Label Withdraw + + The following section lists procedures for generating and processing + P2MP Label Withdraw messages for nodes that participate in a P2MP + LSP. An LSR should apply those procedures that apply to it, based on + its role in the P2MP LSP. + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 12] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +2.4.2.1. Leaf Operation + + If a leaf node Z discovers that it has no downstream neighbors in + that LSP, and that it has no need to be an Egress LSR for that LSP + (by means outside the scope of this document), then it SHOULD send a + Label Withdraw <X, Y, L> to its upstream LSR U for <X, Y>, where L is + the label it had previously advertised to U for <X, Y>. + +2.4.2.2. Transit Node Operation + + If a transit node Z receives a Label Withdraw message <X, Y, L> from + a node W, it deletes label L from its forwarding state and sends a + Label Release message with label L to W. + + If deleting L from Z's forwarding state for P2MP LSP <X, Y> results + in no state remaining for <X, Y>, then Z propagates the Label + Withdraw for <X, Y> to its upstream T, by sending a Label Withdraw + <X, Y, L1> where L1 is the label Z had previously advertised to T for + <X, Y>. + +2.4.2.3. Root Node Operation + + When the root node of a P2MP LSP receives a Label Withdraw message, + the procedures are the same as those for transit nodes, except that + it would not propagate the Label Withdraw upstream (as it has no + upstream). + +2.4.3. Upstream LSR Change + + Suppose that for a given node Z participating in a P2MP LSP <X, Y>, + the upstream LSR changes from U to U' as per Section 2.4.1.1. Z MUST + update its forwarding state as follows. It allocates a new label, + L', for <X, Y>. The forwarding state for L' is copied from the + forwarding state for L, with one exception: if U' was present in the + forwarding state of L, it MUST NOT be installed in the forwarding + state of L'. Then the forwarding state for L is deleted and the + forwarding state for L' is installed. In addition, Z MUST send a + Label Mapping <X, Y, L'> to U' and send a Label Withdraw <X, Y, L> to + U. Note, if there was a downstream mapping from U that was not + installed in the forwarding due to the procedures defined in Section + 2.4.1.4, it can now be installed. + + While changing the upstream LSR, the following must be taken into + consideration. If L' is added before L is removed, there is a + potential risk of packet duplication and/or the creation of a + transient data-plane forwarding loop. If L is removed before L' is + added, packet loss may result. Ideally the change from L to L' is + done atomically such that no packet loss or duplication occurs. If + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 13] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + that is not possible, the RECOMMENDED default behavior is to remove L + before adding L'. + +3. Setting up MP2MP LSPs with LDP + + An MP2MP LSP is much like a P2MP LSP in that it consists of a single + root node, zero or more transit nodes, and one or more Leaf LSRs + acting equally an as Ingress or Egress LSR. A leaf node participates + in the setup of an MP2MP LSP by establishing both a downstream LSP, + which is much like a P2MP LSP from the root, and an upstream LSP, + which is used to send traffic toward the root and other leaf nodes. + Transit nodes support the setup by propagating the upstream and + downstream LSP setup toward the root and installing the necessary + MPLS forwarding state. The transmission of packets from the root + node of an MP2MP LSP to the receivers is identical to that for a P2MP + LSP. Traffic from a downstream node follows the upstream LSP toward + the root node and branches downward along the downstream LSP as + required to reach other leaf nodes. A packet that is received from a + downstream node MUST never be forwarded back out to that same node. + Mapping traffic to the MP2MP LSP may happen at any leaf node. How + that mapping is established is outside the scope of this document. + + Due to how an MP2MP LSP is built, a Leaf LSR that is sending packets + on the MP2MP LSP does not receive its own packets. There is also no + additional mechanism needed on the root or Transit LSR to match + upstream traffic to the downstream forwarding state. Packets that + are forwarded over an MP2MP LSP will not traverse a link more than + once, with the possible exception of LAN links (see Section 3.3.1), + if the procedures of [RFC5331] are not provided. + +3.1. Support for MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP + + Support for the setup of MP2MP LSPs is advertised using LDP + capabilities as defined in [RFC5561]. An implementation supporting + the MP2MP procedures specified in this document MUST implement the + procedures for Capability Parameters in Initialization messages. + + A new Capability Parameter TLV is defined, the MP2MP Capability. + Following is the format of the MP2MP Capability Parameter. + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |1|0| MP2MP Capability (0x0509) | Length (= 1) | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |S| Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 14] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + S: As specified in [RFC5561] + + The MP2MP Capability TLV MUST be advertised in the LDP Initialization + message. Advertisement of the MP2MP Capability indicates support of + the procedures for MP2MP LSP setup detailed in this document. If the + peer has not advertised the corresponding capability, then label + messages using the MP2MP upstream and downstream FEC Elements SHOULD + NOT be sent to the peer. + +3.2. The MP2MP Downstream and Upstream FEC Elements + + For the setup of an MP2MP LSP with LDP, we define 2 new protocol + entities, the MP2MP downstream FEC and upstream FEC Element. Both + elements will be used as FEC Elements in the FEC TLV. Note that the + MP2MP FEC Elements do not necessarily identify the traffic that must + be mapped to the LSP, so from that point of view, the use of the term + FEC is a misnomer. The description of the MP2MP FEC Elements follow. + + The structure, encoding, and error handling for the MP2MP downstream + and upstream FEC Elements are the same as for the P2MP FEC Element + described in Section 2.2. The difference is that two new FEC types + are used: MP2MP downstream type (0x08) and MP2MP upstream type + (0x07). + + If a FEC TLV contains an MP2MP FEC Element, the MP2MP FEC Element + MUST be the only FEC Element in the FEC TLV. + + Note, except when using the procedures of [RFC5331], the MPLS labels + used are "downstream-assigned" [RFC5332], even if they are bound to + the "upstream FEC Element". + +3.3. Using the MP2MP FEC Elements + + This section defines the rules for the processing and propagation of + the MP2MP FEC Elements. The following notation is used in the + processing rules: + + 1. MP2MP downstream LSP <X, Y> (or simply downstream <X, Y>): an + MP2MP LSP downstream path with root node address X and opaque + value Y. + + 2. MP2MP upstream LSP <X, Y, D> (or simply upstream <X, Y, D>): an + MP2MP LSP upstream path for downstream node D with root node + address X and opaque value Y. + + 3. MP2MP downstream FEC Element <X, Y>: a FEC Element with root node + address X and opaque value Y used for a downstream MP2MP LSP. + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 15] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + 4. MP2MP upstream FEC Element <X, Y>: a FEC Element with root node + address X and opaque value Y used for an upstream MP2MP LSP. + + 5. MP2MP-D Label Mapping <X, Y, L>: a Label Mapping message with a + FEC TLV with a single MP2MP downstream FEC Element <X, Y> and + label TLV with label L. Label L MUST be allocated from the per- + platform label space (see [RFC3031], Section 3.14) of the LSR + sending the Label Mapping message. The use of the interface + label space is outside the scope of this document. + + 6. MP2MP-U Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu>: a Label Mapping message with a + FEC TLV with a single MP2MP upstream FEC Element <X, Y> and label + TLV with label Lu. Label Lu MUST be allocated from the per- + platform label space (see [RFC3031], Section 3.14) of the LSR + sending the Label Mapping message. The use of the interface + label space is outside the scope of this document. + + 7. MP2MP-D Label Withdraw <X, Y, L>: a Label Withdraw message with a + FEC TLV with a single MP2MP downstream FEC Element <X, Y> and + label TLV with label L. + + 8. MP2MP-U Label Withdraw <X, Y, Lu>: a Label Withdraw message with + a FEC TLV with a single MP2MP upstream FEC Element <X, Y> and + label TLV with label Lu. + + 9. MP2MP-D Label Release <X, Y, L>: a Label Release message with a + FEC TLV with a single MP2MP downstream FEC Element <X, Y> and + Label TLV with label L. + + 10. MP2MP-U Label Release <X, Y, Lu>: a Label Release message with a + FEC TLV with a single MP2MP upstream FEC Element <X, Y> and label + TLV with label Lu. + + The procedures below are organized by the role which the node plays + in the MP2MP LSP. Node Z knows that it is a leaf node by a discovery + process that is outside the scope of this document. During the + course of the protocol operation, the root node recognizes its role + because it owns the root node address. A transit node is any node + (other then the root node) that receives an MP2MP Label Mapping + message (i.e., one that has leaf nodes downstream of it). + + Note that a transit node (and indeed the root node) may also be a + leaf node and the root node does not have to be an Ingress LSR or a + leaf of the MP2MP LSP. + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 16] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +3.3.1. MP2MP Label Mapping + + The remainder of this section specifies the procedures for + originating MP2MP Label Mapping messages and for processing received + MP2MP Label Mapping messages for a particular LSP. The procedures + for a particular LSR depend upon the role that the LSR plays in the + LSP (Ingress, Transit, or Egress). + + All labels discussed here are downstream-assigned [RFC5332] except + those that are assigned using the procedures of Section 6. + +3.3.1.1. Determining one's upstream MP2MP LSR + + Determining the upstream LDP peer U for an MP2MP LSP <X, Y> follows + the procedure for a P2MP LSP described in Section 2.4.1.1. + +3.3.1.2. Determining One's Downstream MP2MP LSR + + An LDP peer U that receives an MP2MP-D Label Mapping from an LDP peer + D will treat D as downstream MP2MP LSR. + +3.3.1.3. Installing the Upstream Path of an MP2MP LSP + + There are two methods for installing the upstream path of an MP2MP + LSP to a downstream neighbor. + + 1. We can install the upstream MP2MP path (to a downstream neighbor) + based on receiving an MP2MP-D Label Mapping from the downstream + neighbor. This will install the upstream path on a hop-by-hop + basis. + + 2. We install the upstream MP2MP path (to a downstream neighbor) + based on receiving an MP2MP-U Label Mapping from the upstream + neighbor. An LSR does not need to wait for the MP2MP-U Label + Mapping if it is the root of the MP2MP LSP or if it already + received an MP2MP-U Label Mapping from the upstream neighbor. We + call this method ordered mode. The typical result of this mode is + that the downstream path of the MP2MP is built hop by hop towards + the root. Once the root is reached, the root node will trigger an + MP2MP-U Label Mapping to the downstream neighbor(s). + + For setting up the upstream path of an MP2MP LSP, ordered mode SHOULD + be used. Due to ordered mode, the upstream path of the MP2MP LSP is + installed at the leaf node once the path to the root has completed. + The advantage is that when a leaf starts sending immediately after + the upstream path is installed, packets are able to reach the root + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 17] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + node without being dropped due to an incomplete LSP. Method 1 is not + able to guarantee that the upstream path has completed before the + leaf starts sending. + +3.3.1.4. MP2MP Leaf Node Operation + + A leaf node Z of an MP2MP LSP <X, Y> determines its upstream LSR U + for <X, Y> as per Section 3.3.1.1, allocates a label L, and sends an + MP2MP-D Label Mapping <X, Y, L> to U. + + Leaf node Z expects an MP2MP-U Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu> from node U + in response to the MP2MP-D Label Mapping it sent to node U. Z checks + whether it already has forwarding state for upstream <X, Y>. If not, + Z creates forwarding state to push label Lu onto the traffic that Z + wants to forward over the MP2MP LSP. How it determines what traffic + to forward on this MP2MP LSP is outside the scope of this document. + +3.3.1.5. MP2MP Transit Node Operation + + Suppose node Z receives an MP2MP-D Label Mapping <X, Y, L> from LSR + D. Z checks whether it has forwarding state for downstream <X, Y>. + If not, Z determines its upstream LSR U for <X, Y> as per Section + 3.3.1.1. Using this Label Mapping to update the label forwarding + table MUST NOT be done as long as LSR D is equal to LSR U. If LSR U + is different from LSR D, Z will allocate a label L' and install + downstream forwarding state to swap label L' with label L over + interface I associated with LSR D and send an MP2MP-D Label Mapping + <X, Y, L'> to U. Interface I is determined via the procedures in + Section 2.4.1.2. + + If Z already has forwarding state for downstream <X, Y>, all that Z + needs to do in this case is check that LSR D is not equal to the + upstream LSR of <X, Y> and update its forwarding state. Assuming its + old forwarding state was L'-> {<I1, L1> <I2, L2> ..., <In, Ln>}, its + new forwarding state becomes L'-> {<I1, L1> <I2, L2> ..., <In, Ln>, + <I, L>}. If the LSR D is equal to the installed upstream LSR, the + Label Mapping from LSR D MUST be retained and MUST NOT update the + label forwarding table. + + Node Z checks if upstream LSR U already assigned a label Lu to + <X, Y>. If not, transit node Z waits until it receives an MP2MP-U + Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu> from LSR U (see Section 3.3.1.3). Once the + MP2MP-U Label Mapping is received from LSR U, node Z checks whether + it already has forwarding state upstream <X, Y, D>. If it does, then + no further action needs to happen. If it does not, it allocates a + label Lu' and creates a new label swap for Lu' with label Lu over + interface Iu. Interface Iu is determined via the procedures in + Section 2.4.1.2. In addition, it also adds the label swap(s) from + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 18] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + the forwarding state downstream <X, Y>, omitting the swap on + interface I for node D. The swap on interface I for node D is + omitted to prevent a packet originated by D to be forwarded back to + D. + + Node Z determines the downstream MP2MP LSR as per Section 3.3.1.2, + and sends an MP2MP-U Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu'> to node D. + +3.3.1.6. MP2MP Root Node Operation + +3.3.1.6.1. Root Node Is Also a Leaf + + Suppose root/leaf node Z receives an MP2MP-D Label Mapping <X, Y, L> + from node D. Z checks whether it already has forwarding state + downstream <X, Y>. If not, Z creates downstream forwarding state to + push label L on traffic that Z wants to forward down the MP2MP LSP. + How it determines what traffic to forward on this MP2MP LSP is + outside the scope of this document. If Z already has forwarding + state for downstream <X, Y>, then Z will add the label push for L + over interface I to it. Interface I is determined via the procedures + in Section 2.4.1.2. + + Node Z checks if it has forwarding state for upstream <X, Y, D>. If + not, Z allocates a label Lu' and creates upstream forwarding state to + swap Lu' with the label swap(s) from the forwarding state downstream + <X, Y>, except the swap on interface I for node D. This allows + upstream traffic to go down the MP2MP to other node(s), except the + node from which the traffic was received. Node Z determines the + downstream MP2MP LSR as per section Section 3.3.1.2, and sends an + MP2MP-U Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu'> to node D. Since Z is the root of + the tree, Z will not send an MP2MP-D Label Mapping and will not + receive an MP2MP-U Label Mapping. + +3.3.1.6.2. Root Node is Not a Leaf + + Suppose the root node Z receives an MP2MP-D Label Mapping <X, Y, L> + from node D. Z checks whether it already has forwarding state for + downstream <X, Y>. If not, Z creates downstream forwarding state and + installs a outgoing label L over interface I. Interface I is + determined via the procedures in Section 2.4.1.2. If Z already has + forwarding state for downstream <X, Y>, then Z will add label L over + interface I to the existing state. + + Node Z checks if it has forwarding state for upstream <X, Y, D>. If + not, Z allocates a label Lu' and creates forwarding state to swap Lu' + with the label swap(s) from the forwarding state downstream <X, Y>, + except the swap for node D. This allows upstream traffic to go down + the MP2MP to other node(s), except the node from which it was + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 19] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + received. Root node Z determines the downstream MP2MP LSR D as per + Section 3.3.1.2, and sends an MP2MP-U Label Mapping <X, Y, Lu'> to + it. Since Z is the root of the tree, Z will not send an MP2MP-D + Label Mapping and will not receive an MP2MP-U Label Mapping. + +3.3.2. MP2MP Label Withdraw + + The following section lists procedures for generating and processing + MP2MP Label Withdraw messages for nodes that participate in an MP2MP + LSP. An LSR should apply those procedures that apply to it, based on + its role in the MP2MP LSP. + +3.3.2.1. MP2MP Leaf Operation + + If a leaf node Z discovers (by means outside the scope of this + document) that it has no downstream neighbors in that LSP and that it + has no need to be an Egress LSR for that LSP (by means outside the + scope of this document), then it SHOULD send an MP2MP-D Label + Withdraw <X, Y, L> to its upstream LSR U for <X, Y>, where L is the + label it had previously advertised to U for <X,Y>. Leaf node Z will + also send an unsolicited label release <X, Y, Lu> to U to indicate + that the upstream path is no longer used and that label Lu can be + removed. + + Leaf node Z expects the upstream router U to respond by sending a + downstream label release for L. + +3.3.2.2. MP2MP Transit Node Operation + + If a transit node Z receives an MP2MP-D Label Withdraw message + <X, Y, L> from node D, it deletes label L from its forwarding state + downstream <X, Y> and from all its upstream states for <X, Y>. Node + Z sends an MP2MP-D Label Release message with label L to D. Since + node D is no longer part of the downstream forwarding state, Z cleans + up the forwarding state upstream <X, Y, D>. There is no need to send + an MP2MP-U Label Withdraw <X, Y, Lu> to D because node D already + removed Lu and sent a label release for Lu to Z. + + If deleting L from Z's forwarding state for downstream <X, Y> results + in no state remaining for <X, Y>, then Z propagates the MP2MP-D Label + Withdraw <X, Y, L> to its upstream node U for <X, Y> and will also + send an unsolicited MP2MP-U Label Release <X, Y, Lu> to U to indicate + that the upstream path is no longer used and that label Lu can be + removed. + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 20] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +3.3.2.3. MP2MP Root Node Operation + + When the root node of an MP2MP LSP receives an MP2MP-D Label Withdraw + message, the procedure is the same as that for transit nodes, except + that the root node will not propagate the Label Withdraw upstream (as + it has no upstream). + +3.3.3. MP2MP Upstream LSR Change + + The procedure for changing the upstream LSR is the same as documented + in Section 2.4.3, except it is applied to MP2MP FECs, using the + procedures described in Section 3.3.1 through Section 3.3.2.3. + +4. Micro-Loops in MP LSPs + + Micro-loops created by the unicast routing protocol during + convergence may also effect mLDP MP LSPs. Since the tree building + logic in mLDP is based on unicast routing, a unicast routing loop may + also result in a micro-loop in the MP LSPs. Micro-loops that involve + 2 directly connected routers don't create a loop in mLDP. mLDP is + able to prevent this inconsistency by never allowing an upstream LDP + neighbor to be added as a downstream LDP neighbor into the Label + Forwarding Table (LFT) for the same FEC. Micro-loops that involve + more than 2 LSRs are not prevented. + + Micro-loops that involve more than 2 LSRs may create a micro-loop in + the downstream path of either an MP2MP LSP or P2MP LSP and the + upstream path of the MP2MP LSP. The loops are transient and will + disappear as soon as the unicast routing protocol converges and mLDP + has updated the forwarding state accordingly. Micro-loops that occur + in the upstream path of an MP2MP LSP may be detected by including LDP + path vector in the MP2MP-U Label Mapping messages. These procedures + are currently under investigation and are subjected to further study. + +5. The LDP MP Status TLV + + An LDP MP capable router MAY use an LDP MP Status TLV to indicate + additional status for an MP LSP to its remote peers. This includes + signaling to peers that are either upstream or downstream of the LDP + MP capable router. The value of the LDP MP Status TLV will remain + opaque to LDP and MAY encode one or more status elements. + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 21] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + The LDP MP Status TLV is encoded as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |1|0| LDP MP Status Type(0x096F)| Length | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Value | + ~ ~ + | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + LDP MP Status Type: The LDP MP Status (0x096F). + + Length: Length of the LDP MP Status Value in octets. + + Value: One or more LDP MP Status Value elements. + +5.1. The LDP MP Status Value Element + + The LDP MP Status Value Element that is included in the LDP MP Status + TLV Value has the following encoding. + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Type | Length | Value ... | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | + ~ ~ + | | + | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Type: The type of the LDP MP Status Value Element. IANA maintains a + registry of status value types (see Section 11). + + Length: The length of the Value field, in octets. + + Value: String of Length octets, to be interpreted as specified by + the Type field. + +5.2. LDP Messages Containing LDP MP Status Messages + + The LDP MP Status TLV may appear either in a Label Mapping message or + an LDP Notification message. + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 22] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +5.2.1. LDP MP Status Sent in LDP Notification Messages + + An LDP MP Status TLV sent in a notification message must be + accompanied with a Status TLV, as described in [RFC5036]. The + general format of the Notification message with an LDP MP Status TLV + is: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |0| Notification (0x0001) | Message Length | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Message ID | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Status TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | LDP MP Status TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Optional LDP MP FEC TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Optional Label TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + The Status TLV status code is used to indicate that LDP MP Status TLV + and any additional information follows in the Notification message's + "optional parameter" section. Depending on the actual contents of + the LDP MP Status TLV, an LDP P2MP or MP2MP FEC TLV and a Label TLV + may also be present to provide context to the LDP MP Status TLV. + + Since the notification does not refer to any particular message, the + Message ID and Message Type fields are set to 0. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 23] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +5.2.2. LDP MP Status TLV in Label Mapping Message + + An example of the Label Mapping message defined in [RFC5036] is shown + below to illustrate the message with an Optional LDP MP Status TLV + present. + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |0| Label Mapping (0x0400) | Message Length | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Message ID | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | FEC TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Label TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Optional LDP MP Status TLV | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Additional Optional Parameters | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + +6. Upstream Label Allocation on a LAN + + On a LAN, the procedures so far discussed would require the upstream + LSR to send a copy of the packet to each receiver individually. If + there is more than one receiver on the LAN, we don't take full + benefit of the multi-access capability of the network. We may + optimize the bandwidth consumption on the LAN and replication + overhead on the upstream LSR by using upstream label allocation + [RFC5331]. Procedures on how to distribute upstream labels using LDP + is documented in [RFC6389]. + +6.1. LDP Multipoint-to-Multipoint on a LAN + + The procedure to allocate a context label on a LAN is defined in + [RFC5331]. That procedure results in each LSR on a given LAN having + a context label which, on that LAN, can be used to identify itself + uniquely. Each LSR advertises its context label as an upstream- + assigned label, following the procedures of [RFC6389]. Any LSR for + which the LAN is a downstream link on some P2MP or MP2MP LSP will + allocate an upstream-assigned label identifying that LSP. When the + LSR forwards a packet downstream on one of those LSPs, the packet's + top label must be the LSR's context label, and the packet's second + label is the label identifying the LSP. We will call the top label + the "upstream LSR label" and the second label the "LSP label". + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 24] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +6.1.1. MP2MP Downstream Forwarding + + The downstream path of an MP2MP LSP is much like a normal P2MP LSP, + so we will use the same procedures as those defined in [RFC6389]. A + label request for an LSP label is sent to the upstream LSR. The + Label Mapping that is received from the upstream LSR contains the LSP + label for the MP2MP FEC and the upstream LSR context label. The + MP2MP downstream path (corresponding to the LSP label) will be + installed in the context-specific forwarding table corresponding to + the upstream LSR label. Packets sent by the upstream router can be + forwarded downstream using this forwarding state based on a two-label + lookup. + +6.1.2. MP2MP Upstream Forwarding + + An MP2MP LSP also has an upstream forwarding path. Upstream packets + need to be forwarded in the direction of the root and downstream on + any node on the LAN that has a downstream interface for the LSP. For + a given MP2MP LSP on a given LAN, exactly one LSR is considered to be + the upstream LSR. If an LSR on the LAN receives a packet from one of + its downstream interfaces for the LSP, and if it needs to forward the + packet onto the LAN, it ensures that the packet's top label is the + context label of the upstream LSR, and that its second label is the + LSP label that was assigned by the upstream LSR. + + Other LSRs receiving the packet will not be able to tell whether the + packet really came from the upstream router, but that makes no + difference in the processing of the packet. The upstream LSR will + see its own upstream LSR in the label, and this will enable it to + determine that the packet is traveling upstream. + +7. Root Node Redundancy + + The root node is a single point of failure for an MP LSP, whether the + MP LSP is P2MP or MP2MP. The problem is particularly severe for + MP2MP LSPs. In the case of MP2MP LSPs, all leaf nodes must use the + same root node to set up the MP2MP LSP, because otherwise the traffic + sourced by some leafs is not received by others. Because the root + node is the single point of failure for an MP LSP, we need a fast and + efficient mechanism to recover from a root node failure. + + An MP LSP is uniquely identified in the network by the opaque value + and the root node address. It is likely that the root node for an MP + LSP will be defined statically. The root node address may be + configured on each leaf statically or learned using a dynamic + protocol. How leafs learn about the root node is out of the scope of + this document. + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 25] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + Suppose that for the same opaque value we define two (or more) root + node addresses, and we build a tree to each root using the same + opaque value. Effectively these will be treated as different MP LSPs + in the network. Once the trees are built, the procedures differ for + P2MP and MP2MP LSPs. The different procedures are explained in the + sections below. + +7.1. Root Node Redundancy - Procedures for P2MP LSPs + + Since all leafs have set up P2MP LSPs to all the roots, they are + prepared to receive packets on either one of these LSPs. However, + only one of the roots should be forwarding traffic at any given time, + for the following reasons: 1) to achieve bandwidth savings in the + network and 2) to ensure that the receiving leafs don't receive + duplicate packets (since one cannot assume that the receiving leafs + are able to discard duplicates). How the roots determine which one + is the active sender is outside the scope of this document. + +7.2. Root Node Redundancy - Procedures for MP2MP LSPs + + Since all leafs have set up an MP2MP LSP to each one of the root + nodes for this opaque value, a sending leaf may pick either of the + two (or more) MP2MP LSPs to forward a packet on. The leaf nodes + receive the packet on one of the MP2MP LSPs. The client of the MP2MP + LSP does not care on which MP2MP LSP the packet is received, as long + as they are for the same opaque value. The sending leaf MUST only + forward a packet on one MP2MP LSP at a given point in time. The + receiving leafs are unable to discard duplicate packets because they + accept on all LSPs. Using all the available MP2MP LSPs, we can + implement redundancy using the following procedures. + + A sending leaf selects a single root node out of the available roots + for a given opaque value. A good strategy MAY be to look at the + unicast routing table and select a root that is closest in terms of + the unicast metric. As soon as the root address of the active root + disappears from the unicast routing table (or becomes less + attractive) due to root node or link failure, the leaf can select a + new best root address and start forwarding to it directly. If + multiple root nodes have the same unicast metric, the highest root + node addresses MAY be selected, or per session load balancing MAY be + done over the root nodes. + + All leafs participating in an MP2MP LSP MUST join all the available + root nodes for a given opaque value. Since the sending leaf may pick + any MP2MP LSP, it must be prepared to receive on it. + + The advantage of pre-building multiple MP2MP LSPs for a single opaque + value is that convergence from a root node failure happens as fast as + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 26] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + the unicast routing protocol is able to notify. There is no need for + an additional protocol to advertise to the leaf nodes which root node + is the active root. The root selection is a local leaf policy that + does not need to be coordinated with other leafs. The disadvantage + of pre-building multiple MP2MP LSPs is that more label resources are + used, depending on how many root nodes are defined. + +8. Make Before Break (MBB) + + An LSR selects the LSR that is its next hop to the root of the LSP as + its upstream LSR for an MP LSP. When the best path to reach the root + changes, the LSR must choose a new upstream LSR. Sections 2.4.3 and + 3.3.3 describe these procedures. + + When the best path to the root changes, the LSP may be broken + temporarily resulting in packet loss until the LSP "reconverges" to a + new upstream LSR. The goal of MBB when this happens is to keep the + duration of packet loss as short as possible. In addition, there are + scenarios where the best path from the LSR to the root changes but + the LSP continues to forward packets to the previous next hop to the + root. That may occur when a link comes up or routing metrics change. + In such a case, a new LSP should be established before the old LSP is + removed to limit the duration of packet loss. The procedures + described below deal with both scenarios in a way that an LSR does + not need to know which of the events described above caused its + upstream router for an MBB LSP to change. + + The MBB procedures are an optional extension to the MP LSP building + procedures described in this document. The procedures in this + section offer a make-before-break behavior, except in cases where the + new path is part of a transient routing loop involving more than 2 + LSRs (also see Section 4). + +8.1. MBB Overview + + The MBB procedures use additional LDP signaling. + + Suppose some event causes a downstream LSR-D to select a new upstream + LSR-U for FEC-A. The new LSR-U may already be forwarding packets for + FEC-A; that is, to downstream LSRs other than LSR-D. After LSR-U + receives a label for FEC-A from LSR-D, it will notify LSR-D when it + knows that the LSP for FEC-A has been established from the root to + itself. When LSR-D receives this MBB notification, it will change + its next hop for the LSP root to LSR-U. + + The assumption is that if LSR-U has received an MBB notification from + its upstream router for the FEC-A LSP and has installed forwarding + state, the LSR is capable of forwarding packets on the LSP. At that + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 27] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + point LSR-U should signal LSR-D by means of an MBB notification that + it has become part of the tree identified by FEC-A and that LSR-D + should initiate its switchover to the LSP. + + At LSR-U, the LSP for FEC-A may be in 1 of 3 states. + + 1. There is no state for FEC-A. + + 2. State for FEC-A exists and LSR-U is waiting for MBB notification + that the LSP from the root to it exists. + + 3. State for FEC-A exists and the MBB notification has been received + or it is the root node for FEC-A. + + After LSR-U receives LSR-D's Label Mapping message for FEC-A, LSR-U + MUST NOT reply with an MBB notification to LSR-D until its state for + the LSP is state #3 above. If the state of the LSP at LSR-U is state + #1 or #2, LSR-U should remember receipt of the Label Mapping message + from LSR-D while waiting for an MBB notification from its upstream + LSR for the LSP. When LSR-U receives the MBB notification from LSR- + U, it transitions to LSP state #3 and sends an MBB notification to + LSR-D. + +8.2. The MBB Status Code + + As noted in Section 8.1, the procedures for establishing an MBB MP + LSP are different from those for establishing normal MP LSPs. + + When a downstream LSR sends a Label Mapping message for MP LSP to its + upstream LSR, it MAY include an LDP MP Status TLV that carries an MBB + Status Code to indicate that MBB procedures apply to the LSP. This + new MBB Status Code MAY also appear in an LDP Notification message + used by an upstream LSR to signal LSP state #3 to the downstream LSR; + that is, that the upstream LSRs state for the LSP exists and that it + has received notification from its upstream LSR that the LSP is in + state #3. + + The MBB Status is a type of the LDP MP Status Value Element as + described in Section 5.1. It is encoded as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | MBB Type = 1 | Length = 1 | Status Code | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + MBB Type: Type 1 + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 28] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + Length: 1 + + Status Code: 1 = MBB request + + 2 = MBB ack + +8.3. The MBB Capability + + An LSR MAY advertise that it is capable of handling MBB LSPs using + the capability advertisement as defined in [RFC5561]. The LDP MP MBB + capability has the following format: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |1|0| LDP MP MBB Capability | Length = 1 | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + |S| Reserved | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + LDP MP MBB Capability: The MBB Capability Parameter (0x050A) + + S: As specified in [RFC5561] + + If an LSR has not advertised that it is MBB capable, its LDP peers + MUST NOT send it messages that include MBB parameters. If an LSR + receives a Label Mapping message with an MBB parameter from + downstream LSR-D and its upstream LSR-U has not advertised that it is + MBB capable, the LSR MUST send an MBB notification immediately to + LSR-U (see Section 8.4). If this happens, an MBB MP LSP will not be + established, but a normal MP LSP will be the result. + +8.4. The MBB Procedures + +8.4.1. Terminology + + 1. MBB LSP <X, Y>: A P2MP or MP2MP Make Before Break (MBB) LSP entry + with root node address X and opaque value Y. + + 2. A(N, L): An accepting element that consists of an upstream + neighbor N and Local label L. This LSR assigned label L to + neighbor N for a specific MBB LSP. For an active element, the + corresponding label is stored in the label forwarding database. + + 3. iA(N, L): An inactive accepting element that consists of an + upstream neighbor N and local label L. This LSR assigned label L + to neighbor N for a specific MBB LSP. For an inactive element, + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 29] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + the corresponding label is not stored in the label forwarding + database. + + 4. F(N, L): A Forwarding state that consists of downstream neighbor N + and label L. This LSR is sending label packets with label L to + neighbor N for a specific FEC. + + 5. F'(N, L): A Forwarding state that has been marked for sending an + MBB Notification message to neighbor N with label L. + + 6. MBB Notification <X, Y, L>: An LDP notification message with an MP + LSP <X, Y>, label L, and MBB Status code 2. + + 7. MBB Label Mapping <X, Y, L>: A P2MP Label Mapping or MP2MP Label + Mapping downstream with a FEC element <X, Y>, label L, and MBB + Status code 1. + +8.4.2. Accepting Elements + + An accepting element represents a specific label value L that has + been advertised to a neighbor N for an MBB LSP <X, Y> and is a + candidate for accepting labels switched packets on. An LSR can have + two accepting elements for a specific MBB LSP <X, Y> LSP, only one of + them MUST be active. An active element is the element for which the + label value has been installed in the label forwarding database. An + inactive accepting element is created after a new upstream LSR is + chosen and replacement the active element in the label forwarding + database is pending. Inactive elements only exist temporarily while + switching to a new upstream LSR. Once the switch has been completed, + only one active element remains. During network convergence, it is + possible that an inactive accepting element is created while another + inactive accepting element is pending. If that happens, the older + inactive accepting element MUST be replaced with a newer inactive + element. If an accepting element is removed, a Label Withdraw has to + be sent for label L to neighbor N for <X, Y>. + +8.4.3. Procedures for Upstream LSR Change + + Suppose a node Z has an MBB LSP <X, Y> with an active accepting + element A(N1, L1). Due to a routing change, it detects a new best + path for root X and selects a new upstream LSR N2. Node Z allocates + a new local label L2 and creates an inactive accepting element iA(N2, + L2). Node Z sends MBB Label Mapping <X, Y, L2> to N2 and waits for + the new upstream LSR N2 to respond with an MBB Notification for <X, + Y, L2>. During this transition phase, there are two accepting + elements, the element A(N1, L1) still accepting packets from N1 over + label L1 and the new inactive element iA(N2, L2). + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 30] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + While waiting for the MBB Notification from upstream LSR N2, it is + possible that another transition occurs due to a routing change. + Suppose the new upstream LSR is N3. An inactive element iA(N3, L3) + is created and the old inactive element iA(N2, L2) MUST be removed. + A Label Withdraw MUST be sent to N2 for <X, Y, L2>. The MBB + Notification for <X, Y, L2> from N2 will be ignored because the + inactive element is removed. + + It is possible that the MBB Notification from upstream LSR is never + received due to link or node failure. To prevent waiting + indefinitely for the MBB Notification, a timeout SHOULD be applied. + As soon as the timer expires, the procedures in Section 8.4.5 are + applied as if an MBB Notification was received for the inactive + element. If a downstream LSR detects that the old upstream LSR went + down while waiting for the MBB Notification from the new upstream + LSR, the downstream LSR can immediately proceed without waiting for + the timer to expire. + +8.4.4. Receiving a Label Mapping with MBB Status Code + + Suppose node Z has state for an MBB LSP <X, Y> and receives an MBB + Label Mapping <X, Y, L2> from N2. A new forwarding state F(N2, L2) + will be added to the MP LSP if it did not already exist. If this MBB + LSP has an active accepting element or if node Z is the root of the + MBB LSP, an MBB notification <X, Y, L2)> is sent to node N2. If node + Z has an inactive accepting element, it marks the Forwarding state as + <X, Y, F'(N2, L2)>. If the router Z upstream LSR for <X, Y> happens + to be N2, then Z MUST NOT send an MBB notification to N2 at once. + Sending the MBB notification to N2 must be done only after Z upstream + for <X, Y> stops being N2. + +8.4.5. Receiving a Notification with MBB Status Code + + Suppose node Z receives an MBB Notification <X, Y, L> from N. If + node Z has state for MBB LSP <X, Y> and an inactive accepting element + iA(N, L) that matches with N and L, we activate this accepting + element and install label L in the label-forwarding database. If + another active accepting element was present, it will be removed from + the label-forwarding database. + + If this MBB LSP <X, Y> also has Forwarding states marked for sending + MBB Notifications, like <X, Y, F'(N2, L2)>, MBB Notifications are + sent to these downstream LSRs. If node Z receives an MBB + Notification for an accepting element that is not inactive or does + not match the label value and neighbor address, the MBB notification + is ignored. + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 31] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +8.4.6. Node Operation for MP2MP LSPs + + The procedures described above apply to the downstream path of an + MP2MP LSP. The upstream path of the MP2MP is set up as normal + without including an MBB Status code. If the MBB procedures apply to + an MP2MP downstream FEC element, the upstream path to a node N is + only installed in the label-forwarding database if node N is part of + the active accepting element. If node N is part of an inactive + accepting element, the upstream path is installed when this inactive + accepting element is activated. + +9. Typed Wildcard for mLDP FEC Element + + The format of the mLDP FEC Typed Wildcard FEC is as follows: + + 0 1 2 3 + 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | Typed Wcard | Type | Len = 2 | AFI ~ + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + ~ | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + + Typed Wcard: As specified in [RFC5918] + + Type: The type of FEC Element Type. Either the P2MP FEC Element or + the MP2MP FEC Element using the values defined for those FEC + Elements when carried in the FEC TLV as defined in this document. + + Len: Len FEC Type Info, two octets (=0x02). + + AFI: Address Family, two-octet quantity containing a value from + IANA's "Address Family Numbers" registry. + +10. Security Considerations + + The same security considerations apply as those for the base LDP + specification, as described in [RFC5036]. + + The protocol specified in this document does not provide any + authorization mechanism for controlling the set of LSRs that may join + a given MP LSP. If such authorization is desirable, additional + mechanisms, outside the scope of this document, are needed. Note + that authorization policies cannot be implemented and/or configured + solely at the root node of the LSP, because the root node does not + learn the identities of all the leaf nodes. + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 32] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +11. IANA Considerations + + Per this document, IANA has created 3 new registries. + + 1. "LDP MP Opaque Value Element basic type" + + The range is 0-255, with the following values allocated in this + document: + + 0: Reserved + + 1: Generic LSP identifier + + 255: Extended Type field is present in the following two bytes + + The allocation policy for this space is 'Standards Action with + Early Allocation'. + + 2. "LDP MP Opaque Value Element extended type" + + The range is 0-65535, with the following allocation policies: + + 0-32767: Standards Action with Early Allocation + + 32768-65535: First Come, First Served + + 3. "LDP MP Status Value Element type" + + The range is 0-255, with the following values allocated in this + document: + + 0: Reserved + + 1: MBB Status + + The allocation policy for this space is 'Standards Action with + Early Allocation'. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 33] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + The code point values listed below have been allocated by IANA + through early allocation. + + IANA allocated three new code points from the LDP registry + "Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) Type Name Space". The values + are: + + P2MP FEC type - requested value 0x06 + + MP2MP-up FEC type - requested value 0x07 + + MP2MP-down FEC type - requested value 0x08 + + IANA assigned three new code points for new Capability Parameter TLVs + from the LDP registry "TLV Type Name Space", corresponding to the + advertisement of the P2MP, MP2MP, and MBB capabilities. The values + are: + + P2MP Capability Parameter - 0x0508 + + MP2MP Capability Parameter - 0x0509 + + MBB Capability Parameter - 0x050A + + IANA assigned an LDP Status Code to indicate that an LDP MP Status + TLV is following in the Notification message. The value assigned in + the LDP registry "LDP Status Code Name Space" is: + + LDP MP status - requested value 0x00000040 + + IANA assigned a new code point for an LDP MP Status TLV. The value + assigned in the LDP registry "LDP TLV Type Name Space" is: + + LDP MP Status TLV Type - requested value 0x096F + +12. Acknowledgments + + The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their + review and contribution: Nischal Sheth, Yakov Rekhter, Rahul + Aggarwal, Arjen Boers, Eric Rosen, Nidhi Bhaskar, Toerless Eckert, + George Swallow, Jin Lizhong, Vanson Lim, Adrian Farrel, Thomas Morin + and Ben Niven-Jenkins. + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 34] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +13. Contributing Authors + + Below is a list of the contributing authors in alphabetical order: + + Shane Amante + Level 3 Communications, LLC + 1025 Eldorado Blvd + Broomfield, CO 80021 + US + EMail: Shane.Amante@Level3.com + + + Luyuan Fang + Cisco Systems + 300 Beaver Brook Road + Boxborough, MA 01719 + US + EMail: lufang@cisco.com + + + Hitoshi Fukuda + NTT Communications Corporation + 1-1-6, Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku + Tokyo 100-8019, + Japan + EMail: hitoshi.fukuda@ntt.com + + + Yuji Kamite + NTT Communications Corporation + Tokyo Opera City Tower + 3-20-2 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, + Tokyo 163-1421, + Japan + EMail: y.kamite@ntt.com + + + Kireeti Kompella + Juniper Networks + 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. + Sunnyvale, CA 94089 + US + EMail: kireeti@juniper.net + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 35] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + Jean-Louis Le Roux + France Telecom + 2, avenue Pierre-Marzin + Lannion, Cedex 22307 + France + EMail: jeanlouis.leroux@francetelecom.com + + + Ina Minei + Juniper Networks + 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. + Sunnyvale, CA 94089 + US + EMail: ina@juniper.net + + + Bob Thomas + Cisco Systems, Inc. + 300 Beaver Brook Road + Boxborough, MA, 01719 + EMail: bobthomas@alum.mit.edu + + + Lei Wang + Telenor + Snaroyveien 30 + Fornebu 1331 + Norway + EMail: lei.wang@telenor.com + + + IJsbrand Wijnands + Cisco Systems, Inc. + De kleetlaan 6a + 1831 Diegem + Belgium + EMail: ice@cisco.com + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 36] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +14. References + +14.1. Normative References + + [ITU.V42.1994] + International Telecommunications Union, "Error-correcting + Procedures for DCEs Using Asynchronous-to-Synchronous + Conversion", ITU-T Recommendation V.42, 1994. + http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-V.42-200203-I + + [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol + Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001. + + [RFC5036] Andersson, L., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., and B. Thomas, Ed., + "LDP Specification", RFC 5036, October 2007. + + [RFC5331] Aggarwal, R., Rekhter, Y., and E. Rosen, "MPLS Upstream + Label Assignment and Context-Specific Label Space", RFC + 5331, August 2008. + + [RFC5561] Thomas, B., Raza, K., Aggarwal, S., Aggarwal, R., and JL. + Le Roux, "LDP Capabilities", RFC 5561, July 2009. + + [RFC5918] Asati, R., Minei, I., and B. Thomas, "Label Distribution + Protocol (LDP) 'Typed Wildcard' Forward Equivalence Class + (FEC)", RFC 5918, August 2010. + + [RFC6389] Aggarwal, R. and JL. Le Roux, "MPLS Upstream Label + Assignment for LDP", RFC 6389, September 2011. + +14.2. Informative References + + [ISO3309] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO + Information Processing Systems - Data Communication - + High-Level Data Link Control Procedure - Frame Structure", + ISO 3309, 3rd Edition, October 1984. + + [L3VPN-MCAST] + Rosen, E., Ed., and R. Aggarwal, Ed., "Multicast in + MPLS/BGP IP VPNs", Work in Progress, January 2010. + + [RFC3813] Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A., and T. Nadeau, + "Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching + Router (LSR) Management Information Base (MIB)", RFC 3813, + June 2004. + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 37] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + + [RFC3815] Cucchiara, J., Sjostrand, H., and J. Luciani, "Definitions + of Managed Objects for the Multiprotocol Label Switching + (MPLS), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)", RFC 3815, June + 2004. + + [RFC4875] Aggarwal, R., Ed., Papadimitriou, D., Ed., and S. + Yasukawa, Ed., "Extensions to Resource Reservation + Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to- + Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875, May + 2007. + + [RFC5332] Eckert, T., Rosen, E., Ed., Aggarwal, R., and Y. Rekhter, + "MPLS Multicast Encapsulations", RFC 5332, August 2008. + + [RFC6348] Le Roux, J., Ed., and T. Morin, Ed., "Requirements for + Point-to-Multipoint Extensions to the Label Distribution + Protocol", RFC 6348, September 2011. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 38] + +RFC 6388 P2MP and MP2MP LSP Setup with LDP November 2011 + + +Authors' Addresses + + IJsbrand Wijnands (editor) + Cisco Systems, Inc. + De kleetlaan 6a + Diegem 1831 + Belgium + EMail: ice@cisco.com + + + Ina Minei (editor) + Juniper Networks + 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. + Sunnyvale, CA 94089 + US + EMail: ina@juniper.net + + + Kireeti Kompella + Juniper Networks + 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. + Sunnyvale, CA 94089 + US + EMail: kireeti@juniper.net + + + Bob Thomas + 300 Beaver Brook Road + Boxborough 01719 + US + EMail: bobthomas@alum.mit.edu + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Wijnands, et al. Standards Track [Page 39] + |