1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
|
Network Working Group M. Gahrns
Request for Comments: 2221 Microsoft
Category: Standards Track October 1997
IMAP4 Login Referrals
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1997). All Rights Reserved.
1. Abstract
When dealing with large amounts of users and many IMAP4 [RFC-2060]
servers, it is often necessary to move users from one IMAP4 server to
another. For example, hardware failures or organizational changes
may dictate such a move.
Login referrals allow clients to transparently connect to an
alternate IMAP4 server, if their home IMAP4 server has changed.
A referral mechanism can provide efficiencies over the alternative
'proxy method', in which the local IMAP4 server contacts the remote
server on behalf of the client, and then transfers the data from the
remote server to itself, and then on to the client. The referral
mechanism's direct client connection to the remote server is often a
more efficient use of bandwidth, and does not require the local
server to impersonate the client when authenticating to the remote
server.
2. Conventions used in this document
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server respectively.
A home server, is an IMAP4 server that contains the user's inbox.
A remote server is a server that contains remote mailboxes.
Gahrns Standards Track [Page 1]
^L
RFC 2221 IMAP4 Login Referrals October 1997
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-2119].
3. Introduction and Overview
IMAP4 servers that support this extension MUST list the keyword
LOGIN-REFERRALS in their CAPABILITY response. No client action is
needed to invoke the LOGIN-REFERRALS capability in a server.
A LOGIN-REFERRALS capable IMAP4 server SHOULD NOT return a referral
to a server that will return a referral. A client MUST NOT follow
more than 10 levels of referral without consulting the user.
A LOGIN-REFERRALS response code MUST contain as an argument a valid
IMAP server URL as defined in [IMAP-URL].
A home server referral consists of either a tagged NO or OK, or an
untagged BYE response that contains a LOGIN-REFERRALS response code.
Example: A001 NO [REFERRAL IMAP://user;AUTH=*@SERVER2/] Remote Server
NOTE: user;AUTH=* is specified as required by [IMAP-URL] to avoid a
client falling back to anonymous login.
4. Home Server Referrals
A home server referral may be returned in response to an AUTHENTICATE
or LOGIN command, or it may appear in the connection startup banner.
If a server returns a home server referral in a tagged NO response,
that server does not contain any mailboxes that are accessible to the
user. If a server returns a home server referral in a tagged OK
response, it indicates that the user's personal mailboxes are
elsewhere, but the server contains public mailboxes which are
readable by the user. After receiving a home server referral, the
client can not make any assumptions as to whether this was a
permanent or temporary move of the user.
4.1. LOGIN and AUTHENTICATE Referrals
An IMAP4 server MAY respond to a LOGIN or AUTHENTICATE command with a
home server referral if it wishes to direct the user to another IMAP4
server.
Example: C: A001 LOGIN MIKE PASSWORD
S: A001 NO [REFERRAL IMAP://MIKE@SERVER2/] Specified user
is invalid on this server. Try SERVER2.
Gahrns Standards Track [Page 2]
^L
RFC 2221 IMAP4 Login Referrals October 1997
Example: C: A001 LOGIN MATTHEW PASSWORD
S: A001 OK [REFERRAL IMAP://MATTHEW@SERVER2/] Specified
user's personal mailboxes located on Server2, but
public mailboxes are available.
Example: C: A001 AUTHENTICATE GSSAPI
<authentication exchange>
S: A001 NO [REFERRAL IMAP://user;AUTH=GSSAPI@SERVER2/]
Specified user is invalid on this server. Try
SERVER2.
4.2. BYE at connection startup referral
An IMAP4 server MAY respond with an untagged BYE and a REFERRAL
response code that contains an IMAP URL to a home server if it is not
willing to accept connections and wishes to direct the client to
another IMAP4 server.
Example: S: * BYE [REFERRAL IMAP://user;AUTH=*@SERVER2/] Server not
accepting connections. Try SERVER2
5. Formal Syntax
The following syntax specification uses the augmented Backus-Naur
Form (BNF) as described in [ABNF].
This amends the "resp_text_code" element of the IMAP4 grammar
described in [RFC-2060]
resp_text_code =/ "REFERRAL" SPACE <imapurl>
; See [IMAP-URL] for definition of <imapurl>
; See [RFC-2060] for base definition of resp_text_code
6. Security Considerations
The IMAP4 login referral mechanism makes use of IMAP URLs, and as
such, have the same security considerations as general internet URLs
[RFC-1738], and in particular IMAP URLs [IMAP-URL].
A server MUST NOT give a login referral if authentication for that
user fails. This is to avoid revealing information about the user's
account to an unauthorized user.
With the LOGIN-REFERRALS capability, it is potentially easier to
write a rogue 'password catching' server that collects login data and
then refers the client to their actual IMAP4 server. Although
referrals reduce the effort to write such a server, the referral
response makes detection of the intrusion easier.
Gahrns Standards Track [Page 3]
^L
RFC 2221 IMAP4 Login Referrals October 1997
7. References
[RFC-2060], Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol - Version
4rev1", RFC 2060, December 1996.
[IMAP-URL], Newman, C., "IMAP URL Scheme", RFC 2192, Innosoft,
September 1997.
[RFC-1738], Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L. and M. McCahill, "Uniform
Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.
[RFC-2119], Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.
[ABNF], DRUMS working group, Dave Crocker Editor, "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", Work in Progress.
8. Acknowledgments
Many valuable suggestions were received from private discussions and
the IMAP4 mailing list. In particular, Raymond Cheng, Mark Crispin,
Mark Keasling Chris Newman and Larry Osterman made significant
contributions to this document.
9. Author's Address
Mike Gahrns
Microsoft
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA, 98072
Phone: (206) 936-9833
EMail: mikega@microsoft.com
Gahrns Standards Track [Page 4]
^L
RFC 2221 IMAP4 Login Referrals October 1997
10. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1997). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implmentation may be prepared, copied, published
andand distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
Gahrns Standards Track [Page 5]
^L
|
