path: root/doc/rfc/rfc4548.txt

Network Working Group                                            E. Gray
Request for Comments: 4548                                 J. Rutemiller
Updates: 1888, 4048                                             Ericsson
Category: Standards Track                                     G. Swallow
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                May 2006


        Internet Code Point (ICP) Assignments for NSAP Addresses

Status of This Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document is intended to accomplish two highly inter-related
   tasks: to establish an "initial" Internet Code Point (ICP) assignment
   for each of IPv4 and IPv6 address encoding in Network Service Access
   Point (NSAP) Addresses, and to recommend an IANA assignment policy
   for currently unassigned ICP values.  In the first task, this
   document is a partial replacement for RFC 1888 -- particularly for
   section 6 of RFC 1888.  In the second task, this document
   incorporates wording and specifications from ITU-T Recommendation
   X.213 and further recommends that IANA use the "IETF consensus"
   assignment policy in making future ICP assignments.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ....................................................2
      1.1. Conventions ................................................2
      1.2. Acronyms and Terminology ...................................3
   2. IANA Considerations .............................................3
   3. Initial Allocations and Uses ....................................4
      3.1. IPv4 Address Encoding in an NSAPA ..........................4
      3.2. IPv6 Address Encoding in an NSAPA ..........................5
   4. Security Considerations .........................................6
   5. References ......................................................7
      5.1. Normative References .......................................7
      5.2. Informative References .....................................7



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1.  Introduction

   Section 6 of RFC 1888 [1888] previously provided for assignment of
   the initial Internet Code Point (ICP) value '0' for encoding an IPv6
   address in a Network Service Access (or Attachment) Point [NSAP]
   address.  RFC 1888 also defined multiple means for restricted
   encoding of an NSAP address in an IPv6 address.

   The means RFC 1888 defined for encoding NSAP addresses in IPv6
   address format was heavily annotated with warnings and limitations
   that apply should this encoding be used.  Possibly as a result, these
   encodings are not used and appear never to have been used in any IPv6
   deployment.  In addition, section 6 contains minor errors.  As a
   result of these various considerations, RFC 1888 [1888] has been
   obsoleted and declared Historic by RFC 4048 [4048].

   It is the belief of the authors of this document that the errors in
   section 6 of RFC 1888 resulted -- at least in part -- because the
   ITU-T specification [X.213] that originally assigned Authority and
   Format Identifier (AFI) '35' to IANA was not freely publicized, nor
   was it incorporated or explained using the mechanism commonly used in
   the IETF, i.e., an RFC.

   It is therefore part of the purpose of this document to provide that
   explanation.

   In addition, because there are other documents that refer to the IPv6
   ICP assignment in RFC 1888, it is necessary for the errors in section
   6 of RFC 1888 to be corrected, irrespective of the RFC's ultimate
   status.

   Finally, no previous RFC (including RFC 1888) has ever formalized an
   assignment of an IPv4 ICP.  This may have been in part because of a
   lack of formal definition of an IANA assignment policy for ICP values
   under the IANA-allocated AFI ('35').

   This document replaces section 6 of RFC 1888 in defining the ICP for
   IPv6 address encoding in an NSAP address, and it formalizes the ICP
   assignment for IPv4 address encoding in an NSAP address.

1.1.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [2119].






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1.2.  Acronyms and Terminology

   AFI   - Authority and Format Identifier
   BCD   - Binary Coded Decimal
   DSP   - Domain Specific Part
   IANA  - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
   ICP   - Internet Code Point
   IDI   - Initial Domain Identifier
   IDP   - Initial Domain Part
   IETF  - Internet Engineering Task Force
   ISO   - International Organization for Standardization
   NSAP  - Network Service Access (or Attachment) Point (often NSAPA)
   NSAPA - NSAP Address; 20-Octet Address Format
   OSI   - Open Systems Interconnection
   RFC   - Request For Comments
   WIP   - Work In Progress

2.  IANA Considerations

   An ITU-T Recommendation [X.213] has allocated two AFIs designating
   IANA as the assignment authority.  One of these two AFIs ('34') is
   allocated for assignment of NSAPA in Decimal Numeric Format.  This
   document does not address allocation for this AFI as it is not clear
   what use (if any) can be made of this encoding format at this time.
   The other AFI ('35') is to be used for binary encoding except as
   noted below.

   The NSAPA format consists of an Initial Domain Part (IDP) and Domain
   Specific Part (DSP).  The IDP, in turn, consists of an Authority and
   Format Identifier (AFI) and an Initial Domain Identifier (IDI).  The
   AFI is defined to be a binary octet, and the IDI is defined to be a
   four decimal digit number encoded in two octets using Binary Coded
   Decimal format.  Each nibble of the IDI is used to represent a
   decimal digit, using binary value '0000' through '1001'.

   In assigning allocation authority for AFI '35' to IANA, the ITU-T
   Recommendation [X.213] specifies that the two-octet IDI will be used
   to hold an Internet Code Point (ICP) that, because of the decimal
   encoding, MUST be in the decimal range from '0' to '9999'.

   The ITU-T recommendation assumes the assignment of ICP '0' (zero) for
   IPv6 address encoding in a Network Service Access Point Address
   (NSAPA, or often NSAP).  In addition, ITU-T assumed that IANA would
   assign an ICP for IPv4 address encoding in an NSAPA and X.213 assumed
   that the ICP value for this purpose would be '1'.






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   In an NSAPA, the DSP is the remaining octets after the IDP.  For AFI
   '35', this is 17 octets having a format as defined by IANA or as
   defined by another party and published with IANA consent.

   IANA, as the authority responsible for AFI '35', SHOULD NOT assign an
   ICP unless there is a corresponding defined, and published, format at
   the time of the code point assignment.

   The IANA has assigned the following ICP values:

       ICP Value   Address Encoding   Format Definition
       ----------  -----------------  ----------------------------
          '0'           IPv6          RFC 4548, section 3.2
          '1'           IPv4          RFC 4548, section 3.1

   Remaining decimal values '2' through '9999' MUST be assigned on an
   IETF consensus basis [2434].

3.  Initial Allocations and Uses

   This document continues the ICP assignment and format definition as
   previously defined in RFC 1888, and it formalizes the allocation of
   ICP value '1' for IPv4 encoding and the format to be used.  The
   sections below describe the specific IPv4 and IPv6 address encoding
   formats.

3.1.  IPv4 Address Encoding in an NSAPA

   If it is required, for whatever reason, to embed an IPv4 address
   inside a 20-octet NSAP address, then the following format MUST be
   used.  Note: alignment is an artifact of existing NSAPA usage.

   A specific possible use of this embedding is to express an IP address
   within the ATM Forum address format.  Another possible use would be
   to allow Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) packets that
   encapsulate IPv4 packets to be routed in a CLNP network using the
   IPv4 address architecture.  Several leading octets of the IPv4
   address could be used as a CLNP routing prefix.

   An NSAPA with an AFI value of '35' and an ICP value of '1' (one)
   encodes a 4-octet IPv4 address in the first 4 octets of the DSP.  The
   last 13 octets of the DSP are unspecified in this document.  To
   maintain compatibility with both NSAP format and IPv4 addressing,
   these octets MUST be present, but have no intrinsic significance for
   IPv4.  The default values for the unspecified octets is zero.






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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |  AFI = 0x35   |   ICP = 0001                  | IPv4 (octet 0)|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             IPv4 (octets 1-3)                 |               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 16-19|                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   An NSAPA with the IANA AFI code and ICP set to '1' (one) is converted
   to an IPv4 address by stripping off the first 3 and the last 13
   octets.  If the NSAP-addressed contents are passed to a higher layer,
   the last 13 octets SHOULD be presented to the higher layer as well.

   If an NSAP address using this encoding is used for routing in an IPv4
   routing architecture, only the 4-octet IPv4 address MAY be
   considered.

3.2.  IPv6 Address Encoding in an NSAPA

   If it is required, for whatever reason, to embed an IPv6 address
   inside a 20-octet NSAP address, then the following format MUST be
   used.  Note: alignment is an artifact of existing NSAPA usage.

   A specific possible use of this embedding is to express an IP address
   within the ATM Forum address format.  Another possible use would be
   to allow CLNP packets that encapsulate IPv6 packets to be routed in a
   CLNP network using the IPv6 address architecture.  Several leading
   octets of the IPv6 address could be used as a CLNP routing prefix.

   An NSAPA with an AFI value of '35' and an ICP value of '0' (zero)
   encodes a 16-octet IPv6 address in the first 16 octets of the DSP.
   The last octet of the DSP is a selector.  To maintain compatibility
   with both NSAP format and IPv6 addressing, this octet MUST be
   present, but it has no intrinsic significance for IPv6.  Its default
   value is zero, but other values may be used as specified for any
   specific application.  For example, this octet may be used to specify
   one of 255 possible port numbers.








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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 0-3  |  AFI = 0x35   |   ICP = 0000                  | IPv6 (octet 0)|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4-7  |             IPv6 (octets 1-4)                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8-11 |             IPv6 (octets 5-8)                                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 12-15|             IPv6 (octets 9-12)                                |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 16-19|       IPv6 (octets 13-15)                     |               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   An NSAPA with the IANA AFI code and ICP set to '0' (zero) is
   converted to an IPv6 address by stripping off the first 3 octets and
   the 20th octet.  If the NSAP-addressed contents are passed to a
   higher layer, the last octet SHOULD be presented to the higher layer
   as well.

   If an NSAP address using this encoding is used for routing in an IPv6
   routing architecture, only the 16-octet IPv6 address MAY be
   considered.

4.  Security Considerations

   The NSAP encoding of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses is compatible with the
   corresponding security mechanisms of RFC 4301 [4301], hence this
   document introduces no new security exposure in the Internet.






















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5.  References

5.1.  Normative References

   [4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the Internet
           Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.

   [2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
           Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [NSAP]  International Organization for Standardization, "Information
           technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Network service
           Definition", ISO/IEC 8348:2002, 2002.

   [X.213] ITU-T Recommendation X.213, X-Series Recommendations, Data
           Networks and Open Systems Communications, October, 2001.

   [2434]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
           Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October
           1998.

5.2.  Informative References

   [1888]  Bound, J., Carpenter, B., Harrington, D., Houldsworth, J.,
           and A. Lloyd, "OSI NSAPs and IPv6", RFC 1888, August 1996.

   [4048]  Carpenter, B., "RFC 1888 Is Obsolete", RFC 4048, April 2005.
























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Authors' Addresses

   Eric Gray
   Ericsson
   900 Chelmsford Street
   Lowell, MA, 01851

   EMail: Eric.Gray@Marconi.com


   John Rutemiller
   Ericsson
   3000 Marconi Drive
   Warrendale, PA, 15086-7502

   EMail: John.Rutemiller@Marconi.com


   George Swallow
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   1414 Massachusetts Avenue
   Boxborough, MA, 01719

   EMail: swallow@cisco.com



























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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
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Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
   Administrative Support Activity (IASA).







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