path: root/doc/rfc/rfc6086.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                       C. Holmberg
Request for Comments: 6086                                      Ericsson
Obsoletes: 2976                                                E. Burger
Category: Standards Track                          Georgetown University
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                H. Kaplan
                                                             Acme Packet
                                                            January 2011


  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) INFO Method and Package Framework

Abstract

   This document defines a method, INFO, for the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP), and an Info Package mechanism.  This document
   obsoletes RFC 2976.  For backward compatibility, this document also
   specifies a "legacy" mode of usage of the INFO method that is
   compatible with the usage previously defined in RFC 2976, referred to
   as "legacy INFO Usage" in this document.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6086.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.



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Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ....................................................3
      1.1. Conventions Used in This Document ..........................4
   2. Motivation ......................................................4
   3. Applicability and Backward Compatibility ........................5
   4. The INFO Method .................................................6
      4.1. General ....................................................6
      4.2. INFO Request ...............................................6
           4.2.1. INFO Request Sender .................................6
           4.2.2. INFO Request Receiver ...............................7
           4.2.3. SIP Proxies .........................................8
      4.3. INFO Message Body ..........................................8
           4.3.1. INFO Request Message Body ...........................8
           4.3.2. INFO Response Message Body ..........................9
      4.4. Order of Delivery ..........................................9
   5. Info Packages ...................................................9
      5.1. General ....................................................9
      5.2. User Agent Behavior .......................................10
           5.2.1. General ............................................10
           5.2.2. UA Procedures ......................................10
           5.2.3. Recv-Info Header Field Rules .......................11
           5.2.4. Info Package Fallback Rules ........................12
      5.3. REGISTER Processing .......................................12
   6. Formal INFO Method Definition ..................................13
      6.1. INFO Method ...............................................13
   7. INFO Header Fields .............................................15
      7.1. General ...................................................15
      7.2. Info-Package Header Field .................................15
      7.3. Recv-Info Header Field ....................................16
   8. Info Package Considerations ....................................16
      8.1. General ...................................................16
      8.2. Appropriateness of Info Package Usage .....................16
      8.3. INFO Request Rate and Volume ..............................16
      8.4. Alternative Mechanisms ....................................17
           8.4.1. Alternative SIP Signaling Plane Mechanisms .........17
           8.4.2. Media Plane Mechanisms .............................18
           8.4.3. Non-SIP-Related Mechanisms .........................19
   9. Syntax .........................................................19
      9.1. General ...................................................19
      9.2. ABNF ......................................................19
   10. Info Package Requirements .....................................20
      10.1. General ..................................................20
      10.2. Overall Description ......................................20
      10.3. Applicability ............................................20
      10.4. Info Package Name ........................................21
      10.5. Info Package Parameters ..................................21
      10.6. SIP Option-Tags ..........................................22



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      10.7. INFO Message Body Parts ..................................22
      10.8. Info Package Usage Restrictions ..........................22
      10.9. Rate of INFO Requests ....................................23
      10.10. Info Package Security Considerations ....................23
      10.11. Implementation Details ..................................23
      10.12. Examples ................................................24
   11. IANA Considerations ...........................................24
      11.1. Update to Registration of SIP INFO Method ................24
      11.2. Registration of the Info-Package Header Field ............24
      11.3. Registration of the Recv-Info Header Field ...............24
      11.4. Creation of the Info Packages Registry ...................25
      11.5. Registration of the Info-Package Content-Disposition .....25
      11.6. SIP Response Code 469 Registration .......................26
   12. Examples ......................................................26
      12.1. Indication of Willingness to Receive INFO Requests
            for Info Packages ........................................26
           12.1.1. Initial INVITE Request ............................26
           12.1.2. Target Refresh ....................................27
      12.2. INFO Request Associated with Info Package ................28
           12.2.1. Single Payload ....................................28
           12.2.2. Multipart INFO ....................................28
   13. Security Considerations .......................................30
   14. References ....................................................31
      14.1. Normative References .....................................31
      14.2. Informative References ...................................32
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements .....................................35

1.  Introduction

   This document defines a method, INFO, for the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261].

   The purpose of the INFO message is to carry application level
   information between endpoints, using the SIP dialog signaling path.
   Note that the INFO method is not used to update characteristics of a
   SIP dialog or session, but to allow the applications that use the SIP
   session to exchange information (which might update the state of
   those applications).

   Use of the INFO method does not constitute a separate dialog usage.
   INFO messages are always part of, and share the fate of, an invite
   dialog usage [RFC5057].  INFO messages cannot be sent as part of
   other dialog usages, or outside an existing dialog.

   This document also defines an Info Package mechanism.  An Info
   Package specification defines the content and semantics of the
   information carried in an INFO message associated with the Info
   Package.  The Info Package mechanism also provides a way for user



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   agents (UAs) to indicate for which Info Packages they are willing to
   receive INFO requests, and which Info Package a specific INFO request
   is associated with.

   A UA uses the Recv-Info header field, on a per-dialog basis, to
   indicate for which Info Packages it is willing to receive INFO
   requests.  A UA can indicate an initial set of Info Packages during
   dialog establishment and can indicate a new set during the lifetime
   of the invite dialog usage.

      NOTE: A UA can use an empty Recv-Info header field (a header field
      without a value) to indicate that it is not willing to receive
      INFO requests for any Info Package, while still informing other
      UAs that it supports the Info Package mechanism.

   When a UA sends an INFO request, it uses the Info-Package header
   field to indicate which Info Package is associated with the request.
   One particular INFO request can only be associated with a single Info
   Package.

1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

2.  Motivation

   A number of applications, standardized and proprietary, make use of
   the INFO method as it was previously defined in RFC 2976 [RFC2976],
   here referred to as "legacy INFO usage".  These include but are not
   limited to the following:

   o  RFC 3372 [RFC3372] specifies the encapsulation of ISDN User Part
      (ISUP) in SIP message bodies.  ITU-T and the Third Generation
      Partnership Project (3GPP) have specified similar procedures.

   o  [ECMA-355] specifies the encapsulation of "QSIG" in SIP message
      bodies.

   o  RFC 5022 [RFC5022] specifies how INFO is used as a transport
      mechanism by the Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML)
      protocol.  MSCML uses an option-tag in the Require header field to
      ensure that the receiver understands the INFO content.

   o  RFC 5707 [RFC5707] specifies how INFO is used as a transport
      mechanism by the Media Server Markup Language (MSML) protocol.




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   o  Companies have been using INFO messages in order to request fast
      video update.  Currently, a standardized mechanism, based on the
      Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP), has been specified in
      RFC 5168 [RFC5168].

   o  Companies have been using INFO messages in order to transport
      Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) tones.  All mechanisms are
      proprietary and have not been standardized.

   Some legacy INFO usages are also recognized as being shortcuts to
   more appropriate and flexible mechanisms.

   Furthermore, RFC 2976 did not define mechanisms that would enable a
   SIP UA to indicate (1) the types of applications and contexts in
   which the UA supports the INFO method or (2) the types of
   applications and contexts with which a specific INFO message is
   associated.

   Because legacy INFO usages do not have associated Info Packages, it
   is not possible to use the Recv-Info and Info-Package header fields
   with legacy INFO usages.  That is, a UA cannot use the Recv-Info
   header field to indicate for which legacy INFO usages it is willing
   to receive INFO requests, and a UA cannot use the Info-Package header
   field to indicate with which legacy INFO usage an INFO request is
   associated.

   Due to the problems described above, legacy INFO usages often require
   static configuration to indicate the types of applications and
   contexts for which the UAs support the INFO method, and the way they
   handle application information transported in INFO messages.  This
   has caused interoperability problems in the industry.

   To overcome these problems, the SIP Working Group has spent
   significant discussion time over many years coming to agreement on
   whether it was more appropriate to fix INFO (by defining a
   registration mechanism for the ways in which it was used) or to
   deprecate it altogether (with the usage described in RFC 3398
   [RFC3398] being grandfathered as the sole legitimate usage).
   Although it required substantial consensus building and concessions
   by those more inclined to completely deprecate INFO, the eventual
   direction of the working group was to publish a framework for
   registration of Info Packages as defined in this specification.

3.  Applicability and Backward Compatibility

   This document defines a method, INFO, for the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261], and an Info Package mechanism.  This
   document obsoletes RFC 2976 [RFC2976].  For backward compatibility,



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   this document also specifies a "legacy" mode of usage of the INFO
   method that is compatible with the usage previously defined in
   RFC 2976, here referred to as "legacy INFO Usage".

   For backward compatibility purposes, this document does not deprecate
   legacy INFO usages, and does not mandate users to define Info
   Packages for such usages.  However:

   1.  A UA MUST NOT insert an Info-Package header field in a legacy
       INFO request (as described in Section 4.2.1, an INFO request
       associated with an Info Package always contains an Info-Package
       header field).

   2.  Any new usage MUST use the Info Package mechanism defined in this
       specification, since it does not share the issues associated with
       legacy INFO usage, and since Info Packages can be registered with
       IANA.

   3.  UAs are allowed to enable both legacy INFO usages and Info
       Package usages as part of the same invite dialog usage, but UAs
       SHALL NOT mix legacy INFO usages and Info Package usages in order
       to transport the same application level information.  If
       possible, UAs SHALL prefer the usage of an Info Package.

4.  The INFO Method

4.1.  General

   The INFO method provides a mechanism for transporting application
   level information that can further enhance a SIP application.
   Section 8 gives more details on the types of applications for which
   the use of INFO is appropriate.

   This section describes how a UA handles INFO requests and responses,
   as well as the message bodies included in INFO messages.

4.2.  INFO Request

4.2.1.  INFO Request Sender

   An INFO request can be associated with an Info Package (see
   Section 5), or associated with a legacy INFO usage (see Section 2).

   The construction of the INFO request is the same as any other
   non-target refresh request within an existing invite dialog usage as
   described in Section 12.2 of RFC 3261.





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   When a UA sends an INFO request associated with an Info Package, it
   MUST include an Info-Package header field that indicates which Info
   Package is associated with the request.  A specific INFO request can
   be used only for a single Info Package.

   When a UA sends an INFO request associated with a legacy INFO usage,
   there is no Info Package associated with the request, and the UA MUST
   NOT include an Info-Package header field in the request.

   The INFO request MUST NOT contain a Recv-Info header field.  A UA can
   only indicate a set of Info Packages for which it is willing to
   receive INFO requests by using the SIP methods (and their responses)
   listed in Section 5.

   A UA MUST NOT send an INFO request outside an invite dialog usage and
   MUST NOT send an INFO request for an Info Package inside an invite
   dialog usage if the remote UA has not indicated willingness to
   receive that Info Package within that dialog.

   If a UA receives a 469 (Bad Info Package) response to an INFO
   request, based on RFC 5057 [RFC5057], the response represents a
   Transaction Only failure, and the UA MUST NOT terminate the invite
   dialog usage.

   Due to the possibility of forking, the UA that sends the initial
   INVITE request MUST be prepared to receive INFO requests from
   multiple remote UAs during the early dialog phase.  In addition, the
   UA MUST be prepared to receive different Recv-Info header field
   values from different remote UAs.

      NOTE: If the User Agent Server (UAS) (receiver of the initial
      INVITE request) sends an INFO request just after it has sent the
      response that creates the dialog, the UAS needs to be prepared for
      the possibility that the INFO request will reach the User Agent
      Client (UAC) before the dialog-creating response, and might
      therefore be rejected by the UAC.  In addition, an INFO request
      might be rejected due to a race condition, if a UA sends the INFO
      request at the same time that the remote UA sends a new set of
      Info Packages for which it is willing to receive INFO requests.

4.2.2.  INFO Request Receiver

   If a UA receives an INFO request associated with an Info Package that
   the UA has not indicated willingness to receive, the UA MUST send a
   469 (Bad Info Package) response (see Section 11.6), which contains a
   Recv-Info header field with Info Packages for which the UA is willing





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   to receive INFO requests.  The UA MUST NOT use the response to update
   the set of Info Packages, but simply to indicate the current set.  In
   the terminology of multiple dialog usages [RFC5057], this represents
   a Transaction Only failure, and does not terminate the invite dialog
   usage.

   If a UA receives an INFO request associated with an Info Package, and
   the message body part with Content-Disposition "Info-Package" (see
   Section 4.3.1) has a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
   type that the UA supports but not in the context of that Info
   Package, it is RECOMMENDED that the UA send a 415 (Unsupported Media
   Type) response.

   The UA MAY send other error responses, such as Request Failure (4xx),
   Server Failure (5xx), and Global Failure (6xx), in accordance with
   the error-handling procedures defined in RFC 3261.

   Otherwise, if the INFO request is syntactically correct and well
   structured, the UA MUST send a 200 (OK) response.

      NOTE: If the application needs to reject the information that it
      received in an INFO request, that needs to be done on the
      application level.  That is, the application needs to trigger a
      new INFO request, which contains information that the previously
      received application data was not accepted.  Individual Info
      Package specifications need to describe the details for such
      procedures.

4.2.3.  SIP Proxies

   Proxies need no additional behavior beyond that described in RFC 3261
   to support INFO.

4.3.  INFO Message Body

4.3.1.  INFO Request Message Body

   The purpose of the INFO request is to carry application level
   information between SIP UAs.  The application information data is
   carried in the payload of the message body of the INFO request.

      NOTE: An INFO request associated with an Info Package can also
      include information associated with the Info Package using
      Info-Package header field parameters.







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   If an INFO request associated with an Info Package contains a message
   body part, the body part is identified by a Content-Disposition
   header field "Info-Package" value.  The body part can contain a
   single MIME type, or it can be a multipart [RFC5621] that contains
   other body parts associated with the Info Package.

   UAs MUST support multipart body parts in accordance with RFC 5621.

      NOTE: An INFO request can also contain other body parts that are
      meaningful within the context of an invite dialog usage but are
      not specifically associated with the INFO method and the
      application concerned.

   When a UA supports a specific Info Package, the UA MUST also support
   message body MIME types in accordance with that Info Package.
   However, in accordance with RFC 3261, the UA still indicates the
   supported MIME types using the Accept header.

4.3.2.  INFO Response Message Body

   A UA MUST NOT include a message body associated with an Info Package
   in an INFO response.  Message bodies associated with Info Packages
   MUST only be sent in INFO requests.

   A UA MAY include a message body that is not associated with an Info
   Package in an INFO response.

4.4.  Order of Delivery

   The Info Package mechanism does not define a delivery order
   mechanism.  Info Packages can rely on the CSeq header field [RFC3261]
   to detect if an INFO request is received out of order.

   If specific applications need additional mechanisms for order of
   delivery, those mechanisms, and related procedures, are specified as
   part of the associated Info Package (e.g., the use of sequence
   numbers within the application data).

5.  Info Packages

5.1.  General

   An Info Package specification defines the content and semantics of
   the information carried in an INFO message associated with an Info
   Package.  The Info Package mechanism provides a way for UAs to
   indicate for which Info Packages they are willing to receive INFO
   requests, and with which Info Package a specific INFO request is
   associated.



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5.2.  User Agent Behavior

5.2.1.  General

   This section describes how a UA handles Info Packages, how a UA uses
   the Recv-Info header field, and how the UA acts in re-INVITE rollback
   situations.

5.2.2.  UA Procedures

   A UA that supports the Info Package mechanism MUST indicate, using
   the Recv-Info header field, the set of Info Packages for which it is
   willing to receive INFO requests for a specific session.  A UA can
   list multiple Info Packages in a single Recv-Info header field, and
   the UA can use multiple Recv-Info header fields.  A UA can use an
   empty Recv-Info header field, i.e., a header field without any header
   field values.

   A UA provides its set of Info Packages for which it is willing to
   receive INFO requests during the dialog establishment.  A UA can
   update the set of Info Packages during the invite dialog usage.

   If a UA is not willing to receive INFO requests for any Info
   Packages, during dialog establishment or later during the invite
   dialog usage, the UA MUST indicate this by including an empty
   Recv-Info header field.  This informs other UAs that the UA still
   supports the Info Package mechanism.

   Example: If a UA has previously indicated Info Packages "foo" and
   "bar" in a Recv-Info header field, and the UA during the lifetime of
   the invite dialog usage wants to indicate that it does not want to
   receive INFO requests for any Info Packages anymore, the UA sends a
   message with an empty Recv-Info header field.

   Once a UA has sent a message with a Recv-Info header field containing
   a set of Info Packages, the set is valid until the UA sends a new
   Recv-Info header field containing a new, or empty, set of Info
   Packages.

   Once a UA has indicated that it is willing to receive INFO requests
   for a specific Info Package, and a dialog has been established, the
   UA MUST be prepared to receive INFO requests associated with that
   Info Package until the UA indicates that it is no longer willing to
   receive INFO requests associated with that Info Package.

   For a specific dialog usage, a UA MUST NOT send an INFO request
   associated with an Info Package until it has received an indication
   that the remote UA is willing to receive INFO requests for that Info



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   Package, or after the UA has received an indication that the remote
   UA is no longer willing to receive INFO requests associated with that
   Info Package.

      NOTE: When a UA sends a message that contains a Recv-Info header
      field with a new set of Info Packages for which the UA is willing
      to receive INFO requests, the remote UA might, before it receives
      the message, send an INFO request based on the old set of Info
      Packages.  In this case, the receiver of the INFO requests
      rejects, and sends a 469 (Bad Info Package) response to, the INFO
      request.

   If a UA indicates multiple Info Packages that provide similar
   functionality, it is not possible to indicate a priority order of the
   Info Packages, or to indicate that the UA wishes to only receive INFO
   requests for one of the Info Packages.  It is up to the application
   logic associated with the Info Packages, and particular Info Package
   specifications, to describe application behavior in such cases.

   For backward compatibility purposes, even if a UA indicates support
   of the Info Package mechanism, it is still allowed to enable legacy
   INFO usages.  In addition, if a UA indicates support of the INFO
   method using the Allow header field [RFC3261], it does not implicitly
   indicate support of the Info Package mechanism.  A UA MUST use the
   Recv-Info header field in order to indicate that it supports the Info
   Package mechanism.  Likewise, even if a UA uses the Recv-Info header
   field to indicate that it supports the Info Package mechanism, in
   addition the UA still indicates support of the INFO method using the
   Allow header.

   This document does not define a SIP option-tag [RFC3261] for the Info
   Package mechanism.  However, an Info Package specification can define
   an option-tag associated with the specific Info Package, as described
   in Section 10.6.

5.2.3.  Recv-Info Header Field Rules

   The text below defines rules on when a UA is required to include a
   Recv-Info header field in SIP messages.  Section 7.1 lists the SIP
   methods for which a UA can insert a Recv-Info header field in
   requests and responses.

   o  The sender of an initial INVITE request MUST include a Recv-Info
      header field in the initial INVITE request, even if the sender is
      not willing to receive INFO requests associated with any Info
      Package.





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   o  The receiver of a request that contains a Recv-Info header field
      MUST include a Recv-Info header field in a reliable 18x/2xx
      response to the request, even if the request contains an empty
      Recv-Info header field, and even if the header field value of the
      receiver has not changed since the previous time it sent a
      Recv-Info header field.

   o  A UA MUST NOT include a Recv-Info header field in a response if
      the associated request did not contain a Recv-Info header field.

      NOTE: In contrast to the rules for generating Session Description
      Protocol (SDP) answers [RFC3264], the receiver of a request is not
      restricted to generating its own set of Info Packages as a subset
      of the Info Package set received in the Info-Package header field
      of the request.

   As with SDP answers, the receiver can include the same Recv-Info
   header field value in multiple responses (18x/2xx) for the same
   INVITE/re-INVITE transaction, but the receiver MUST use the same
   Recv-Info header field value (if included) in all responses for the
   same transaction.

5.2.4.  Info Package Fallback Rules

   If the receiver of a request that contains a Recv-Info header field
   rejects the request, both the sender and receiver of the request MUST
   roll back to the set of Info Packages that was used before the
   request was sent.  This also applies to the case where the receiver
   of an INVITE/re-INVITE request has included a Recv-Info header field
   in a provisional response, but later rejects the request.

      NOTE: The dialog state rollback rules for Info Packages might
      differ from the rules for other types of dialog state information
      (SDP, target, etc.).

5.3.  REGISTER Processing

   This document allows a UA to insert a Recv-Info header field in a
   REGISTER request.  However, a UA SHALL NOT include a header value for
   a specific Info Package unless the particular Info Package
   specification describes how the header field value shall be
   interpreted and used by the registrar, e.g., in order to determine
   request targets.








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   Rather than using the Recv-Info header field in order to determine
   request targets, it is recommended to use more appropriate
   mechanisms, e.g., based on RFC 3840 [RFC3840].  However, this
   document does not define a feature tag for the Info Package
   mechanism, or a mechanism to define feature tags for specific Info
   Packages.

6.  Formal INFO Method Definition

6.1.  INFO Method

   This document describes one new SIP method: INFO.  This document
   replaces the definition and registrations found in RFC 2976
   [RFC2976].

   This table expands on Tables 2 and 3 in RFC 3261 [RFC3261].

     Header field                 where      INFO
     --------------------------------------------
     Accept                         R         o
     Accept                        415        o
     Accept-Encoding                R         o
     Accept-Encoding               2xx        o
     Accept-Encoding               415        c
     Accept-Language                R         o
     Accept-Language               2xx        o
     Accept-Language               415        o
     Accept-Resource-Priority    2xx,417      o
     Alert-Info                               -
     Allow                          R         o
     Allow                         405        m
     Allow                          r         o
     Authentication-Info           2xx        o
     Authorization                  R         o
     Call-ID                        c         m
     Call-Info                                o
     Contact                                  -
     Content-Disposition                      o
     Content-Encoding                         o
     Content-Language                         o
     Content-Length                           o
     Content-Type                             *
     CSeq                           c         m
     Date                                     o
     Error-Info                  3xx-6xx      o
     Expires                                  -
     From                           c         m
     Geolocation                    R         o



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     Geolocation-Error              r         o
     Max-Breadth                    R         -
     Max-Forwards                   R         o
     MIME-Version                             o
     Min-Expires                              -
     Organization                             -
     Priority                       R         -
     Privacy                                  o
     Proxy-Authenticate            401        o
     Proxy-Authenticate            407        m
     Proxy-Authorization            R         o
     Proxy-Require                  R         o
     Reason                         R         o
     Record-Route                   R         o
     Record-Route                2xx,18x      o
     Referred-By                    R         o
     Request-Disposition            R         o
     Require                                  o
     Resource-Priority                        o
     Retry-After                    R         -
     Retry-After             404,413,480,486  o
     Retry-After                 500,503      o
     Retry-After                 600,603      o
     Route                          R         o
     Security-Client                R         o
     Security-Server             421,494      o
     Security-Verify                R         o
     Server                         r         o
     Subject                        R         o
     Supported                      R         o
     Supported                     2xx        o
     Timestamp                                o
     To                             c         m  (w/ Tag)
     Unsupported                   420        o
     User-Agent                               o
     Via                                      m
     Warning                        r         o
     WWW-Authenticate              401        m
     WWW-Authenticate              407        o

                     Table 1: Summary of Header Fields










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7.  INFO Header Fields

7.1.  General

   This table expands on Tables 2 and 3 in RFC 3261 [RFC3261].

   Header field where   proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG PRA INF MSG UPD
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Info-Package   R            -   -   -   -   -   -   -   m*  -   -
   Recv-Info      R            -   -   -   m   -   o   o   -   -   o
   Recv-Info      2xx          -   -   -   o** -   -   o***-   -   o***
   Recv-Info      1xx          -   -   -   o** -   -   -   -   -   -
   Recv-Info      469          -   -   -   -   -   -   -   m*  -   -
   Recv-Info      r            -   -   -   o   -   -   o   -   -   o

   Header field where   SUB NOT RFR
   --------------------------------
   Info-Package   R      -   -   -
   Recv-Info      R      -   -   -
   Recv-Info      2xx    -   -   -
   Recv-Info      1xx    -   -   -
   Recv-Info      469    -   -   -
   Recv-Info      r      -   -   -

                    Table 2: INFO-Related Header Fields

   The support and usage of the Info-Package and Recv-Info header fields
   are not applicable to UAs that only support legacy INFO usages.

   *   Not applicable to INFO requests and responses associated with
       legacy INFO usages.

   **  Mandatory in at least one reliable 18x/2xx response, if sent, to
       the INVITE request, if the associated INVITE request contained a
       Recv-Info header field.

   *** Mandatory if the associated request contained a Recv-Info header
       field.

   As defined in Section 20 of RFC 3261, a "mandatory" header field MUST
   be present in a request, and MUST be understood by the UAS receiving
   the request.

7.2.  Info-Package Header Field

   This document adds "Info-Package" to the definition of the element
   "message-header" in the SIP message grammar [RFC3261].  Section 4
   describes the Info-Package header field usage.



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   For the purposes of matching Info Package types indicated in
   Recv-Info with those in the Info-Package header field value, one
   compares the Info-package-name portion of the Info-package-type
   portion of the Info-Package header field octet by octet with that of
   the Recv-Info header field value.  That is, the Info Package name is
   case sensitive.  Info-package-param is not part of the comparison-
   checking algorithm.

   This document does not define values for Info-Package types.
   Individual Info Package specifications define these values.

7.3.  Recv-Info Header Field

   This document adds Recv-Info to the definition of the element
   "message-header" in the SIP message grammar [RFC3261].  Section 5
   describes the Recv-Info header field usage.

8.  Info Package Considerations

8.1.  General

   This section covers considerations to take into account when deciding
   whether the usage of an Info Package is appropriate for transporting
   application information for a specific use-case.

8.2.  Appropriateness of Info Package Usage

   When designing an Info Package, for application level information
   exchange, it is important to consider: is signaling, using INFO
   requests, within a SIP dialog, an appropriate mechanism for the use-
   case?  Is it because it is the most reasonable and appropriate
   choice, or merely because "it's easy"?  Choosing an inappropriate
   mechanism for a specific use-case can cause negative effects in SIP
   networks where the mechanism is used.

8.3.  INFO Request Rate and Volume

   INFO messages differ from many other sorts of SIP messages in that
   they carry application information, and the size and rate of INFO
   messages are directly determined by the application.  This can cause
   application information traffic to interfere with other traffic on
   that infrastructure, or to self-interfere when data rates become too
   high.

   There is no default throttling mechanism for INFO requests.  Apart
   from the SIP session establishment, the number of SIP messages
   exchanged during the lifetime of a normal SIP session is rather
   small.



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   Some applications, like those sending Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency
   (DTMF) tones, can generate a burst of up to 20 messages per second.
   Other applications, like constant GPS location updates, could
   generate a high rate of INFO requests during the lifetime of the
   invite dialog usage.

   A designer of an Info Package, and the application that uses it, need
   to consider the impact that the size and the rate of the INFO
   messages have on the network and on other traffic, since it normally
   cannot be ensured that INFO messages will be carried over a
   congestion-controlled transport protocol end-to-end.  Even if an INFO
   message is sent over such a transport protocol, a downstream SIP
   entity might forward the message over a transport protocol that does
   not provide congestion control.

   Furthermore, SIP messages tend to be relatively small, on the order
   of 500 Bytes to 32K Bytes.  SIP is a poor mechanism for direct
   exchange of bulk data beyond these limits, especially if the headers
   plus body exceed the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) MTU [RFC0768].
   Appropriate mechanisms for such traffic include the Hypertext
   Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [RFC2616], the Message Session Relay
   Protocol (MSRP) [RFC4975], or other media plane data transport
   mechanisms.

   RFC 5405 [RFC5405] provides additional guidelines for applications
   using UDP that may be useful background reading.

8.4.  Alternative Mechanisms

8.4.1.  Alternative SIP Signaling Plane Mechanisms

8.4.1.1.  General

   This subsection describes some alternative mechanisms for
   transporting application information on the SIP signaling plane,
   using SIP messages.

8.4.1.2.  SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY

   An alternative for application level interaction is to use
   subscription-based events [RFC3265] that use the SIP SUBSCRIBE and
   NOTIFY methods.  Using that mechanism, a UA requests state
   information, such as keypad presses from a device to an application
   server, or key-map images from an application server to a device.







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   Event Packages [RFC3265] perform the role of disambiguating the
   context of a message for subscription-based events.  The Info Package
   mechanism provides similar functionality for application information
   exchange using invite dialog usages [RFC5057].

   While an INFO request is always part of, and shares the fate of, an
   existing invite dialog usage, a SUBSCRIBE request creates a separate
   dialog usage [RFC5057], and is normally sent outside an existing
   dialog usage.

   The subscription-based mechanism can be used by SIP entities to
   receive state information about SIP dialogs and sessions, without
   requiring the entities to be part of the route set of those dialogs
   and sessions.

   As SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY messages traverse through stateful SIP proxies
   and back-to-back user agents (B2BUAs), the resource impact caused by
   the subscription dialogs needs to be considered.  The number of
   subscription dialogs per user also needs to be considered.

   As for any other SIP-signaling-plane-based mechanism for transporting
   application information, the SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY messages can put a
   significant burden on intermediate SIP entities that are part of the
   dialog route set, but do not have any interest in the application
   information transported between the end users.

8.4.1.3.  MESSAGE

   The MESSAGE method [RFC3428] defines one-time instant message
   exchange, typically for sending MIME contents for rendering to the
   user.

8.4.2.  Media Plane Mechanisms

8.4.2.1.  General

   In SIP, media plane channels associated with SIP dialogs are
   established using SIP signaling, but the data exchanged on the media
   plane channel does not traverse SIP signaling intermediates, so if
   there will be a lot of information exchanged, and there is no need
   for the SIP signaling intermediaries to examine the information, it
   is recommended to use a media plane mechanism, rather than a SIP-
   signaling-based mechanism.

   A low-latency requirement for the exchange of information is one
   strong indicator for using a media channel.  Exchanging information
   through the SIP routing network can introduce hundreds of
   milliseconds of latency.



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8.4.2.2.  MRCP

   One mechanism for media plane exchange of application data is the
   Media Resource Control Protocol (MRCP) [SPEECHSC-MRCPv2], where a
   media plane connection-oriented channel, such as a Transmission
   Control Protocol (TCP) [RFC0793] or Stream Control Transmission
   Protocol (SCTP) [RFC4960] stream is established.

8.4.2.3.  MSRP

   MSRP [RFC4975] defines session-based instant messaging as well as
   bulk file transfer and other such large-volume uses.

8.4.3.  Non-SIP-Related Mechanisms

   Another alternative is to use a SIP-independent mechanism, such as
   HTTP [RFC2616].  In this model, the UA knows about a rendezvous point
   to which it can direct HTTP requests for the transfer of information.
   Examples include encoding of a prompt to retrieve in the SIP Request
   URI [RFC4240] or the encoding of a SUBMIT target in a VoiceXML
   [W3C.REC-voicexml21-20070619] script.

9.  Syntax

9.1.  General

   This section describes the syntax extensions to the ABNF syntax
   defined in RFC 3261 required for the INFO method, and adds
   definitions for the Info-Package and Recv-Info header fields.  The
   previous sections describe the semantics.  The ABNF defined in this
   specification is conformant to RFC 5234 [RFC5234].

9.2.  ABNF

   INFOm               = %x49.4E.46.4F ; INFO in caps
   Method              =/ INFOm

   message-header      =/ (Info-Package / Recv-Info) CRLF
   Info-Package        =  "Info-Package" HCOLON Info-package-type
   Recv-Info           =  "Recv-Info" HCOLON [Info-package-list]
   Info-package-list   =  Info-package-type *( COMMA Info-package-type )
   Info-package-type   =  Info-package-name *( SEMI Info-package-param )
   Info-package-name   =  token
   Info-package-param  =  generic-param







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10.  Info Package Requirements

10.1.  General

   This section provides guidance on how to define an Info Package, and
   what information needs to exist in an Info Package specification.

   If, for an Info Package, there is a need to extend or modify the
   behavior described in this document, that behavior MUST be described
   in the Info Package specification.  It is bad practice for Info
   Package specifications to repeat procedures defined in this document,
   unless needed for purposes of clarification or emphasis.

   Info Package specifications MUST NOT weaken any behavior designated
   with "SHOULD" or "MUST" in this specification.  However, Info Package
   specifications MAY strengthen "SHOULD", "MAY", or "RECOMMENDED"
   requirements to "MUST" if applications associated with the Info
   Package require it.

   Info Package specifications MUST address the issues defined in the
   following subsections, or document why an issue is not applicable to
   the specific Info Package.

   Section 8.4 describes alternative mechanisms, which should be
   considered as part of the process for solving a specific use-case,
   when there is a need for transporting application information.

10.2.  Overall Description

   The Info Package specification MUST contain an overall description of
   the Info Package: what type of information is carried in INFO
   requests associated with the Info Package, and for what types of
   applications and functionalities UAs can use the Info Package.

   If the Info Package is defined for a specific application, the Info
   Package specification MUST state which application UAs can use the
   Info Package with.

10.3.  Applicability

   The Info Package specification MUST describe why the Info Package
   mechanism, rather than some other mechanism, has been chosen for the
   specific use-case to transfer application information between SIP
   endpoints.  Common reasons can be a requirement for SIP proxies or







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   back-to-back user agents (B2BUAs) to see the transported application
   information (which would not be the case if the information was
   transported on a media path), or that it is not seen as feasible to
   establish separate dialogs (subscription) in order to transport the
   information.

   Section 8 provides more information and describes alternative
   mechanisms that one should consider for solving a specific use-case.

10.4.  Info Package Name

   The Info Package specification MUST define an Info Package name,
   which UAs use as a header field value (e.g., "infoX") to identify the
   Info Package in the Recv-Info and Info-Package header fields.  The
   header field value MUST conform to the ABNF defined in Section 9.2.

   The Info Package mechanism does not support package versioning.
   Specific Info Package message body payloads can contain version
   information, which is handled by the applications associated with the
   Info Package.  However, such a feature is outside the scope of the
   generic Info Package mechanism.

      NOTE: Even if an Info Package name contains version numbering
      (e.g., foo_v2), the Info Package mechanism does not distinguish a
      version number from the rest of the Info Package name.

10.5.  Info Package Parameters

   The Info Package specification MAY define Info Package parameters,
   which can be used in the Recv-Info or Info-Package header fields,
   together with the header field value that indicates the Info Package
   name (see Section 10.4).

   The Info Package specification MUST define the syntax and semantics
   of the defined parameters.  In addition, the specification MUST
   define whether a specific parameter is applicable to only the
   Recv-Info header field, only the Info-Package header field, or to
   both.

   By default, an Info Package parameter is only applicable to the Info
   Package for which the parameter has been explicitly defined.










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   Info Package parameters defined for specific Info Packages can share
   the name with parameters defined for other Info Packages, but the
   parameter semantics are specific to the Info Package for which they
   are defined.  However, when choosing the name of a parameter, it is
   RECOMMENDED to not use the same name as an existing parameter for
   another Info Package, if the semantics of the parameters are
   different.

10.6.  SIP Option-Tags

   The Info Package specification MAY define SIP option-tags, which can
   be used as described in RFC 3261.

   The registration requirements for option-tags are defined in RFC 5727
   [RFC5727].

10.7.  INFO Message Body Parts

   The Info Package specification MUST define which message body part
   MIME types are associated with the Info Package.  The specification
   MUST either define those body parts, including the syntax, semantics,
   and MIME type of each body part, or refer to other documents that
   define the body parts.

   If multiple message body part MIME types are associated with an Info
   Package, the Info Package specification MUST define whether UAs need
   to use multipart body parts, in order to include multiple body parts
   in a single INFO request.

10.8.  Info Package Usage Restrictions

   If there are restrictions on how UAs can use an Info Package, the
   Info Package specification MUST document such restrictions.

   There can be restrictions related to whether UAs are allowed to send
   overlapping (outstanding) INFO requests associated with the Info
   Package, or whether the UA has to wait for the response for a
   previous INFO request associated with the same Info Package.

   There can also be restrictions related to whether UAs need to support
   and use other SIP extensions and capabilities when they use the Info
   Package, and if there are restrictions related to how UAs can use the
   Info Package together with other Info Packages.








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   As the SIP stack might not be aware of Info Package specific
   restrictions, it cannot be assumed that overlapping requests would be
   rejected.  As defined in Section 4.2.2, UAs will normally send a 200
   (OK) response to an INFO request.  The application logic associated
   with the Info Package needs to handle situations where UAs do not
   follow restrictions associated with the Info Package.

10.9.  Rate of INFO Requests

   If there is a maximum or minimum rate at which UAs can send INFO
   requests associated with the Info Package within a dialog, the Info
   Package specification MUST document the rate values.

   If the rates can vary, the Info Package specification MAY define Info
   Package parameters that UAs can use to indicate or negotiate the
   rates.  Alternatively, the rate information can be part of the
   application data information associated with the Info Package.

10.10.  Info Package Security Considerations

   If the application information carried in INFO requests associated
   with the Info Package requires a certain level of security, the Info
   Package specification MUST describe the mechanisms that UAs need to
   use in order to provide the required security.

   If the Info Package specification does not require any additional
   security, other than what the underlying SIP protocol provides, this
   MUST be stated in the Info Package specification.

      NOTE: In some cases, it may not be sufficient to mandate Transport
      Layer Security (TLS) [RFC5246] in order to secure the Info Package
      payload, since intermediaries will have access to the payload, and
      because beyond the first hop, there is no way to assure subsequent
      hops will not forward the payload in clear text.  The best way to
      ensure secure transport at the application level is to have the
      security at the application level.  One way of achieving this is
      to use end-to-end security techniques such as Secure/Multipurpose
      Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) [RFC5751].

10.11.  Implementation Details

   It is strongly RECOMMENDED that the Info Package specification define
   the procedure regarding how implementors shall implement and use the
   Info Package, or refer to other locations where implementors can find
   that information.






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      NOTE: Sometimes an Info Package designer might choose to not
      reveal the details of an Info Package.  However, in order to allow
      multiple implementations to support the Info Package, Info Package
      designers are strongly encouraged to provide the implementation
      details.

10.12.  Examples

   It is RECOMMENDED that the Info Package specification provide
   demonstrative message flow diagrams, paired with complete messages
   and message descriptions.

   Note that example flows are by definition informative, and do not
   replace normative text.

11.  IANA Considerations

11.1.  Update to Registration of SIP INFO Method

   IANA updated the existing registration in the "Methods and Response
   Codes" registry under "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Parameters"
   from:

   Method:     INFO
   Reference:  [RFC2976]

   to:

   Method:     INFO
   Reference:  [RFC6086]

11.2.  Registration of the Info-Package Header Field

   IANA added the following new SIP header field in the "Header Fields"
   registry under "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Parameters".

   Header Name:   Info-Package
   Compact Form:  (none)
   Reference:     [RFC6086]

11.3.  Registration of the Recv-Info Header Field

   IANA added the following new SIP header field in the "Header Fields"
   registry under "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Parameters".

   Header Name:   Recv-Info
   Compact Form:  (none)
   Reference:     [RFC6086]



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11.4.  Creation of the Info Packages Registry

   IANA created the following registry under "Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) Parameters":

   Info Packages

      Note to the reviewer:

      The policy for review of Info Packages is "Specification
      Required", as defined in [RFC5226].  This policy was selected
      because Info Packages re-use an existing mechanism for transport
      of arbitrary session-associated data within SIP; therefore, new
      Info Packages do not require the more extensive review required by
      specifications that make fundamental protocol changes.  However,
      the reviewer is expected to verify that each Info Package
      registration is in fact consistent with this definition.  Changes
      to the SIP protocol and state machine are outside of the allowable
      scope for an Info Package and are governed by other procedures
      including RFC 5727 and its successors, if any.

   The following data elements populate the Info Packages Registry.

   o  Info Package Name: The Info Package Name is a case-sensitive
      token.  In addition, IANA shall not register multiple Info Package
      names that have identical case-insensitive values.

   o  Reference: A reference to a specification that describes the Info
      Package.

   The initial population of this table shall be:

   Name         Reference

11.5.  Registration of the Info-Package Content-Disposition

   IANA added the following new header field value to the "Mail Content
   Disposition Values" registry under "Mail Content Disposition Values
   and Parameters".

   Name: info-package
   Description: The body contains information associated with an
                Info Package
   Reference: RFC6086







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11.6.  SIP Response Code 469 Registration

   IANA registered the following new response code in the "Session
   Initiation Protocol (SIP) Parameters" -- "Response Codes" registry.

   Response Code: 469
   Default Reason Phrase: Bad Info Package
   Reference: RFC6086

12.  Examples

12.1.  Indication of Willingness to Receive INFO Requests for Info
       Packages

12.1.1.  Initial INVITE Request

   The UAC sends an initial INVITE request, where the UAC indicates that
   it is willing to receive INFO requests for Info Packages P and R.

   INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Recv-Info: P, R
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: ...

   ...



















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   The UAS sends a 200 (OK) response back to the UAC, where the UAS
   indicates that it is willing to receive INFO requests for Info
   Packages R and T.

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776;
        received=192.0.2.1
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:bob@pc33.example.com>
   Recv-Info: R, T
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: ...

   ...

   The UAC sends an ACK request.

   ACK sip:bob@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK754
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314159 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

12.1.2.  Target Refresh

   The UAC sends an UPDATE request within the invite dialog usage, where
   the UAC indicates (using an empty Recv-Info header field) that it is
   not willing to receive INFO requests for any Info Packages.

   UPDATE sip:bob@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314163 UPDATE
   Recv-Info:
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: ...

   ...



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   The UAS sends a 200 (OK) response back to the UAC, where the UAS
   indicates that it is willing to receive INFO requests for Info
   Packages R and T.

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK893;
        received=192.0.2.1
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314163 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.com>
   Recv-Info: R, T
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: ...

   ...

12.2.  INFO Request Associated with Info Package

12.2.1.  Single Payload

   The UA sends an INFO request associated with Info Package "foo".

   INFO sip:alice@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnabcdef
   To: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: Alice <sip:alice@example.com>;tag=1928301774
   Call-Id: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314333 INFO
   Info-Package: foo
   Content-type: application/foo
   Content-Disposition: Info-Package
   Content-length: 24

   I am a foo message type

12.2.2.  Multipart INFO

12.2.2.1.  Non-Info Package Body Part

   SIP extensions can sometimes add body part payloads into an INFO
   request, independent of the Info Package.  In this case, the Info
   Package payload gets put into a multipart MIME body, with a
   Content-Disposition header field that indicates which body part is
   associated with the Info Package.





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   INFO sip:alice@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnabcdef
   To: Alice <sip:alice@example.net>;tag=1234567
   From: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=abcdefg
   Call-Id: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314400 INFO
   Info-Package: foo
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary="theboundary"
   Content-Length: ...

   --theboundary
   Content-Type: application/mumble
   ...

   <mumble stuff>

   --theboundary
   Content-Type: application/foo-x
   Content-Disposition: Info-Package
   Content-length: 59

   I am a foo-x message type, and I belong to Info Package foo
   --theboundary--

12.2.2.2.  Info Package with Multiple Body Parts inside Multipart Body
           Part

   Multiple body part payloads can be associated with a single Info
   Package.  In this case, the body parts are put into a multipart MIME
   body, with a Content-Disposition header field that indicates which
   body part is associated with the Info Package.

   INFO sip:alice@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnabcdef
   To: Alice <sip:alice@example.net>;tag=1234567
   From: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=abcdefg
   Call-Id: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314423 INFO
   Info-Package: foo
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary="theboundary"
   Content-Disposition: Info-Package
   Content-Length: ...

   --theboundary
   Content-Type: application/foo-x
   Content-length: 59





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   I am a foo-x message type, and I belong to Info Package foo

   <mumble stuff>

   --theboundary
   Content-Type: application/foo-y
   Content-length: 59

   I am a foo-y message type, and I belong to Info Package foo
   --theboundary--

12.2.2.3.  Info Package with Single Body Part inside Multipart Body Part

   The body part payload associated with the Info Package can have a
   Content-Disposition header field value other than "Info-Package".  In
   this case, the body part is put into a multipart MIME body, with a
   Content-Disposition header field that indicates which body part is
   associated with the Info Package.

   INFO sip:alice@pc33.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bKnabcdef
   To: Alice <sip:alice@example.net>;tag=1234567
   From: Bob <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=abcdefg
   Call-Id: a84b4c76e66710@pc33.example.com
   CSeq: 314423 INFO
   Info-Package: foo
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary="theboundary"
   Content-Disposition: Info-Package
   Content-Length: ...

   --theboundary
   Content-Type: application/foo-x
   Content-Disposition: icon
   Content-length: 59

   I am a foo-x message type, and I belong to Info Package foo
   --theboundary--

13.  Security Considerations

   By eliminating multiple usages of INFO messages without adequate
   community review, and by eliminating the possibility of rogue SIP UAs
   confusing another UA by purposely sending unrelated INFO requests, we
   expect this document's clarification of the use of INFO to improve
   the security of the Internet.  While rogue UAs can still send
   unrelated INFO requests, this mechanism enables the UAS and other
   security devices to associate INFO requests with Info Packages that
   have been negotiated for a session.



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   If the content of the Info Package payload is private, UAs will need
   to use end-to-end encryption, such as S/MIME, to prevent access to
   the content.  This is particularly important, as transport of INFO is
   likely not to be end-to-end, but through SIP proxies and back-to-back
   user agents (B2BUAs), which the user may not trust.

   The INFO request transports application level information.  One
   implication of this is that INFO messages may require a higher level
   of protection than the underlying SIP dialog signaling.  In
   particular, if one does not protect the SIP signaling from
   eavesdropping or authentication and repudiation attacks, for example
   by using TLS transport, then the INFO request and its contents will
   be vulnerable as well.  Even with SIP/TLS, any SIP hop along the path
   from UAC to UAS can view, modify, or intercept INFO requests, as they
   can with any SIP request.  This means some applications may require
   end-to-end encryption of the INFO payload, beyond, for example, hop-
   by-hop protection of the SIP signaling itself.  Since the application
   dictates the level of security required, individual Info Packages
   have to enumerate these requirements.  In any event, the Info Package
   mechanism described by this document provides the tools for such
   secure, end-to-end transport of application data.

   One interesting property of Info Package usage is that one can re-use
   the same digest-challenge mechanism used for INVITE-based
   authentication for the INFO request.  For example, one could use a
   quality-of-protection (qop) value of authentication with integrity
   (auth-int), to challenge the request and its body, and prevent
   intermediate devices from modifying the body.  However, this assumes
   the device that knows the credentials in order to perform the INVITE
   challenge is still in the path for the INFO request, or that the far-
   end UAS knows such credentials.

14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              May 2008.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.






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   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.

   [RFC5621]  Camarillo, G., "Message Body Handling in the Session
              Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 5621, September 2009.

   [RFC5727]  Peterson, J., Jennings, C., and R. Sparks, "Change Process
              for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Real-
              time Applications and Infrastructure Area", BCP 67,
              RFC 5727, March 2010.

14.2.  Informative References

   [RFC0793]  Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
              RFC 793, September 1981.

   [RFC2976]  Donovan, S., "The SIP INFO Method", RFC 2976,
              October 2000.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC0768]  Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
              August 1980.

   [RFC3264]  Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model
              with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264,
              June 2002.

   [RFC3398]  Camarillo, G., Roach, A., Peterson, J., and L. Ong,
              "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part
              (ISUP) to Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Mapping",
              RFC 3398, December 2002.

   [RFC3840]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat,
              "Indicating User Agent Capabilities in the Session
              Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3840, August 2004.

   [RFC3372]  Vemuri, A. and J. Peterson, "Session Initiation Protocol
              for Telephones (SIP-T): Context and Architectures",
              BCP 63, RFC 3372, September 2002.

   [RFC3265]  Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific
              Event Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.




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   [RFC3428]  Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C.,
              and D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension
              for Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.

   [RFC4240]  Burger, E., Van Dyke, J., and A. Spitzer, "Basic Network
              Media Services with SIP", RFC 4240, December 2005.

   [RFC4960]  Stewart, R., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol",
              RFC 4960, September 2007.

   [RFC4975]  Campbell, B., Mahy, R., and C. Jennings, "The Message
              Session Relay Protocol (MSRP)", RFC 4975, September 2007.

   [RFC5022]  Van Dyke, J., Burger, E., and A. Spitzer, "Media Server
              Control Markup Language (MSCML) and Protocol", RFC 5022,
              September 2007.

   [RFC5057]  Sparks, R., "Multiple Dialog Usages in the Session
              Initiation Protocol", RFC 5057, November 2007.

   [RFC5168]  Levin, O., Even, R., and P. Hagendorf, "XML Schema for
              Media Control", RFC 5168, March 2008.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5405]  Eggert, L. and G. Fairhurst, "Unicast UDP Usage Guidelines
              for Application Designers", BCP 145, RFC 5405,
              November 2008.

   [RFC5707]  Saleem, A., Xin, Y., and G. Sharratt, "Media Server Markup
              Language (MSML)", RFC 5707, February 2010.

   [RFC5751]  Ramsdell, B. and S. Turner, "Secure/Multipurpose Internet
              Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.2 Message
              Specification", RFC 5751, January 2010.

   [W3C.REC-voicexml21-20070619]
              Porter, B., Oshry, M., Rehor, K., Auburn, R., Bodell, M.,
              Carter, J., Burke, D., Baggia, P., Candell, E., Burnett,
              D., McGlashan, S., and A. Lee, "Voice Extensible Markup
              Language (VoiceXML) 2.1", World Wide Web Consortium
              Recommendation REC-voicexml21-20070619, June 2007,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-voicexml21-20070619>.







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   [SPEECHSC-MRCPv2]
              Burnett, D. and S. Shanmugham, "Media Resource Control
              Protocol Version 2 (MRCPv2)", Work in Progress,
              November 2010.

   [ECMA-355]
              "Standard ECMA-355 Corporate Telecommunication Networks -
              Tunnelling of QSIG over SIP", ECMA http://
              www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/
              Ecma-355.htm, June 2008.









































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Appendix A.  Acknowledgements

   The work on this document was influenced by "The Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) INFO Considered Harmful" (26 December 2002) written by
   Jonathan Rosenberg, and by "Packaging and Negotiation of INFO Methods
   for the Session Initiation Protocol" (15 January 2003) written by
   Dean Willis.

   The following individuals have been involved in the work, and have
   provided input and feedback on this document:

      Adam Roach, Anders Kristensen, Andrew Allen, Arun Arunachalam, Ben
      Campbell, Bob Penfield, Bram Verburg, Brian Stucker, Chris
      Boulton, Christian Stredicke, Cullen Jennings, Dale Worley, Dean
      Willis, Eric Rescorla, Frank Miller, Gonzalo Camarillo, Gordon
      Beith, Henry Sinnreich, Inaki Baz Castillo, James Jackson, James
      Rafferty, Jeroen van Bemmel, Joel Halpern, John Elwell, Jonathan
      Rosenberg, Juha Heinanen, Keith Drage, Kevin Attard Compagno,
      Manpreet Singh, Martin Dolly, Mary Barnes, Michael Procter, Paul
      Kyzivat, Peili Xu, Peter Blatherwick, Raj Jain, Rayees Khan,
      Robert Sparks, Roland Jesske, Roni Even, Salvatore Loreto, Sam
      Ganesan, Sanjay Sinha, Spencer Dawkins, Steve Langstaff, Sumit
      Garg, and Xavier Marjoum.

   John Elwell and Francois Audet helped with QSIG references.  In
   addition, Francois Audet provided text for the revised abstract.
   Keith Drage provided comments and helped immensely with Table 1.

   Arun Arunachalam, Brett Tate, John Elwell, Keith Drage, and Robert
   Sparks provided valuable feedback during the working group last call
   process, in order to prepare this document for publication.

   Adam Roach, Dean Willis, John Elwell, and Paul Kyzivat provided
   valuable input in order to sort out the message body part usage for
   Info Packages.
















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Authors' Addresses

   Christer Holmberg
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas,   02420
   Finland

   EMail: christer.holmberg@ericsson.com


   Eric W. Burger
   Georgetown University

   EMail: eburger@standardstrack.com
   URI:   http://www.standardstrack.com


   Hadriel Kaplan
   Acme Packet
   100 Crosby Drive
   Bedford, MA  01730
   USA

   EMail: hkaplan@acmepacket.com


























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