path: root/doc/rfc/rfc6416.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        M. Schmidt
Request for Comments: 6416                            Dolby Laboratories
Obsoletes: 3016                                               F. de Bont
Category: Standards Track                            Philips Electronics
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                S. Doehla
                                                          Fraunhofer IIS
                                                                  J. Kim
                                                     LG Electronics Inc.
                                                            October 2011


           RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams

Abstract

   This document describes Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload
   formats for carrying each of MPEG-4 Audio and MPEG-4 Visual
   bitstreams without using MPEG-4 Systems.  This document obsoletes RFC
   3016.  It contains a summary of changes from RFC 3016 and discusses
   backward compatibility to RFC 3016.  It is a necessary revision of
   RFC 3016 in order to correct misalignments with the 3GPP Packet-
   switched Streaming Service (PSS) specification regarding the RTP
   payload format for MPEG-4 Audio.

   For the purpose of directly mapping MPEG-4 Audio/Visual bitstreams
   onto RTP packets, this document provides specifications for the use
   of RTP header fields and also specifies fragmentation rules.  It also
   provides specifications for Media Type registration and the use of
   the Session Description Protocol (SDP).  The audio payload format
   described in this document has some limitations related to the
   signaling of audio codec parameters for the required multiplexing
   format.  Therefore, new system designs should utilize RFC 3640, which
   does not have these restrictions.  Nevertheless, this revision of RFC
   3016 is provided to update and complete the specification and to
   enable interoperable implementations.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.






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   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6416.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
   material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
   modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
   outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
   not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
   than English.





















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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.1.  MPEG-4 Visual RTP Payload Format . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.2.  MPEG-4 Audio RTP Payload Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     1.3.  Interoperability with RFC 3016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     1.4.  Relation with RFC 3640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.  Definitions and Abbreviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   3.  Clarifications on Specifying Codec Configurations for
       MPEG-4 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   4.  LATM Restrictions for RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Audio
       Bitstreams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   5.  RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Visual Bitstreams  . . . . . . . .  8
     5.1.  Use of RTP Header Fields for MPEG-4 Visual . . . . . . . .  9
     5.2.  Fragmentation of MPEG-4 Visual Bitstream . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.3.  Examples of Packetized MPEG-4 Visual Bitstream . . . . . . 11
   6.  RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Audio Bitstreams . . . . . . . . . 15
     6.1.  RTP Packet Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     6.2.  Use of RTP Header Fields for MPEG-4 Audio  . . . . . . . . 16
     6.3.  Fragmentation of MPEG-4 Audio Bitstream  . . . . . . . . . 17
   7.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams  . . . 17
     7.1.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Visual  . . . . . . . . 17
     7.2.  Mapping to SDP for MPEG-4 Visual . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
       7.2.1.  Declarative SDP Usage for MPEG-4 Visual  . . . . . . . 20
     7.3.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Audio . . . . . . . . . 21
     7.4.  Mapping to SDP for MPEG-4 Audio  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       7.4.1.  Declarative SDP Usage for MPEG-4 Audio . . . . . . . . 25
         7.4.1.1.  Example: In-Band Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 25
         7.4.1.2.  Example: 6 kbit/s CELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
         7.4.1.3.  Example: 64 kbit/s AAC LC Stereo . . . . . . . . . 26
         7.4.1.4.  Example: Use of the "SBR-enabled" Parameter  . . . 26
         7.4.1.5.  Example: Hierarchical Signaling of SBR . . . . . . 27
         7.4.1.6.  Example: HE AAC v2 Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . 27
         7.4.1.7.  Example: Hierarchical Signaling of PS  . . . . . . 28
         7.4.1.8.  Example: MPEG Surround . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
         7.4.1.9.  Example: MPEG Surround with Extended SDP
                   Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
         7.4.1.10. Example: MPEG Surround with Single-Layer
                   Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   10. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   11. Differences to RFC 3016  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33





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1.  Introduction

   The RTP payload formats described in this document specify how MPEG-4
   Audio [14496-3] and MPEG-4 Visual streams [14496-2] are to be
   fragmented and mapped directly onto RTP packets.

   These RTP payload formats enable transport of MPEG-4 Audio/Visual
   streams without using the synchronization and stream management
   functionality of MPEG-4 Systems [14496-1].  Such RTP payload formats
   will be used in systems that have intrinsic stream management
   functionality and thus require no such functionality from MPEG-4
   Systems.  H.323 [H323] terminals are an example of such systems,
   where MPEG-4 Audio/Visual streams are not managed by MPEG-4 Systems
   Object Descriptors but by H.245 [H245].  The streams are directly
   mapped onto RTP packets without using the MPEG-4 Systems Sync Layer.
   Other examples are the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261]
   and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) where media type and SDP are
   used.  Media type and SDP usages of the RTP payload formats described
   in this document are defined to directly specify the attribute of
   Audio/Visual streams (e.g., media type, packetization format, and
   codec configuration) without using MPEG-4 Systems.  The obvious
   benefit is that these MPEG-4 Audio/Visual RTP payload formats can be
   handled in a unified way together with those formats defined for non-
   MPEG-4 codecs.  The disadvantage is that interoperability with
   environments using MPEG-4 Systems may be difficult; hence, other
   payload formats may be better suited to those applications.

   The semantics of RTP headers in such cases need to be clearly
   defined, including the association with MPEG-4 Audio/Visual data
   elements.  In addition, it is beneficial to define the fragmentation
   rules of RTP packets for MPEG-4 Video streams so as to enhance error
   resiliency by utilizing the error resiliency tools provided inside
   the MPEG-4 Video stream.

1.1.  MPEG-4 Visual RTP Payload Format

   MPEG-4 Visual is a visual coding standard with many features,
   including: high coding efficiency; high error resiliency; and
   multiple, arbitrary shape object-based coding [14496-2].  It covers a
   wide range of bitrates from scores of kbit/s to several Mbit/s.  It
   also covers a wide variety of networks, ranging from those guaranteed
   to be almost error-free to mobile networks with high error rates.

   With respect to the fragmentation rules for an MPEG-4 Visual
   bitstream defined in this document, since MPEG-4 Visual is used for a
   wide variety of networks, it is desirable not to apply too much
   restriction on fragmentation, and a fragmentation rule such as "a
   single video packet shall always be mapped on a single RTP packet"



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   may be inappropriate.  On the other hand, careless, media-unaware
   fragmentation may cause degradation in error resiliency and bandwidth
   efficiency.  The fragmentation rules described in this document are
   flexible but manage to define the minimum rules for preventing
   meaningless fragmentation while utilizing the error resiliency
   functionalities of MPEG-4 Visual.

   The fragmentation rule "Different Video Object Planes (VOPs) SHOULD
   be fragmented into different RTP packets" is made so that the RTP
   timestamp uniquely indicates the VOP time framing.  On the other
   hand, MPEG-4 video may generate VOPs of very small size, in cases
   with an empty VOP (vop_coded=0) containing only VOP header or an
   arbitrary shaped VOP with a small number of coding blocks.  To reduce
   the overhead for such cases, the fragmentation rule permits
   concatenating multiple VOPs in an RTP packet.  (See fragmentation
   rule (4) in Section 5.2 and the descriptions of marker bit and
   timestamp in Section 5.1.)

   While the additional media-specific RTP header defined for such video
   coding tools as H.261 [H261] or MPEG-1/2 is effective in helping to
   recover picture headers corrupted by packet losses, MPEG-4 Visual
   already has error resiliency functionalities for recovering corrupt
   headers, and these can be used on RTP/IP networks as well as on other
   networks (H.223/mobile, MPEG-2 Transport Stream, etc.).  Therefore,
   no extra RTP header fields are defined in this MPEG-4 Visual RTP
   payload format.

1.2.  MPEG-4 Audio RTP Payload Format

   MPEG-4 Audio is an audio standard that integrates many different
   types of audio coding tools.  Low-overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport
   Multiplex (LATM) manages the sequences of audio data with relatively
   small overhead.  In audio-only applications, then, it is desirable
   for LATM-based MPEG-4 Audio bitstreams to be directly mapped onto RTP
   packets without using MPEG-4 Systems.

   For MPEG-4 Audio coding tools, as is true for other audio coders, if
   the payload is a single audio frame, packet loss will not impair the
   decodability of adjacent packets.  Therefore, the additional media-
   specific header for recovering errors will not be required for MPEG-4
   Audio.  Existing RTP protection mechanisms, such as Generic Forward
   Error Correction [RFC5109] and Redundant Audio Data [RFC2198], MAY be
   applied to improve error resiliency.








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1.3.  Interoperability with RFC 3016

   This specification is not backwards compatible with [RFC3016], as a
   binary incompatible LATM version is mandated.  Existing
   implementations of RFC 3016 that use a recent LATM version may
   already comply to this specification and must be considered as not
   compliant with RFC 3016.  The 3GPP PSS service [3GPP] is such an
   example, as a more recent LATM version is mandated in the 3GPP PSS
   specification.  Existing implementations that use the LATM version as
   specified in RFC 3016 MUST be updated to comply with this
   specification.

1.4.  Relation with RFC 3640

   In this document a payload format for the transport of MPEG-4
   Elementary Streams is specified.  For MPEG-4 Audio streams "out-of-
   band" signaling is defined such that a receiver is not obliged to
   decode the payload data to determine the audio codec and its
   configuration.  The signaling capabilities specified in this document
   are less explicit than those defined in [RFC3640].  But, the use of
   the MPEG-4 LATM in various transmission standards justifies its right
   to exist; see also Section 1.2.

2.  Definitions and Abbreviations

   This document makes use of terms, specified in [14496-2], [14496-3],
   and [23003-1].  In addition, the following terms are used in this
   document and have specific meaning within the context of this
   document.

   Abbreviations:

      AAC: Advanced Audio Coding

      ASC: AudioSpecificConfig

      HE AAC: High Efficiency AAC

      LATM: Low-overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport Multiplex

      PS: Parametric Stereo

      SBR: Spectral Band Replication

      VOP: Video Object Plane






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   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Clarifications on Specifying Codec Configurations for MPEG-4 Audio

   For MPEG-4 Audio [14496-3] streams, the decoder output configuration
   can differ from the core codec configuration depending of use of the
   SBR and PS tools.

   The core codec sampling rate is the default audio codec sampling
   rate.  When SBR is used, typically the double value of the core codec
   sampling rate will be regarded as the definitive sampling rate (i.e.,
   the decoder's output sampling rate)

   Note: The exception is down-sampled SBR mode, in which case the SBR
   sampling rate and core codec sampling rate are identical.

   The core codec channel configuration is the default audio codec
   channel configuration.  When PS is used, the core codec channel
   configuration indicates one channel (i.e., mono) whereas the
   definitive channel configuration is two channels (i.e. stereo).  When
   MPEG Surround is used, the definitive channel configuration depends
   on the output of the MPEG Surround decoder.

4.  LATM Restrictions for RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Audio Bitstreams

   LATM has several multiplexing features as follows:

   o  carrying configuration information with audio data,

   o  concatenating multiple audio frames in one audio stream,

   o  multiplexing multiple objects (programs), and

   o  multiplexing scalable layers,

   However, in RTP transmission, there is no need for the last two
   features.  Therefore, these two features MUST NOT be used in
   applications based on RTP packetization specified by this document.
   Since LATM has been developed for only natural audio coding tools,
   i.e., not for synthesis tools, it seems difficult to transmit
   Structured Audio (SA) data and Text-to-Speech Interface (TTSI) data
   by LATM.  Therefore, SA data and TTSI data MUST NOT be transported by
   the RTP packetization in this document.






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   For transmission of scalable streams, audio data of each layer SHOULD
   be packetized onto different RTP streams allowing for the different
   layers to be treated differently at the IP level, for example, via
   some means of differentiated service.  On the other hand, all
   configuration data of the scalable streams are contained in one LATM
   configuration data "StreamMuxConfig", and every scalable layer shares
   the StreamMuxConfig.  The mapping between each layer and its
   configuration data is achieved by LATM header information attached to
   the audio data.  In order to indicate the dependency information of
   the scalable streams, the signaling mechanism as specified in
   [RFC5583] SHOULD be used (see Section 6.2).

5.  RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Visual Bitstreams

   This section specifies RTP packetization rules for MPEG-4 Visual
   content.  An MPEG-4 Visual bitstream is mapped directly onto RTP
   packets without the addition of extra header fields or any removal of
   Visual syntax elements.  The Combined Configuration/Elementary stream
   mode MUST be used so that configuration information will be carried
   to the same RTP port as the elementary stream.  (See Subclause 6.2.1,
   "Start codes", of [14496-2].)  The configuration information MAY
   additionally be specified by some out-of-band means.  If needed by
   systems using media type parameters and SDP parameters, e.g., SIP and
   RTSP, the optional parameter "config" MUST be used to specify the
   configuration information (see Sections 7.1 and 7.2).

   When the short video header mode is used, the RTP payload format for
   H.263 SHOULD be used.  (The format defined in [RFC4629] is
   RECOMMENDED, but the [RFC4628] format MAY be used for compatibility
   with older implementations.)





















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 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|X|  CC   |M|     PT      |       sequence number         | RTP
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                           timestamp                           | Header
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           synchronization source (SSRC) identifier            |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|            contributing source (CSRC) identifiers             |
|                             ....                              |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|                                                               | RTP
|       MPEG-4 Visual stream (byte aligned)                     | Pay-
|                                                               | load
|                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                               :...OPTIONAL RTP padding        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 1: An RTP Packet for MPEG-4 Visual Stream

5.1.  Use of RTP Header Fields for MPEG-4 Visual

   Payload Type (PT): The assignment of an RTP payload type for this
   packet format is outside the scope of this document and will not be
   specified here.  It is expected that the RTP profile for a particular
   class of applications will assign a payload type for this encoding,
   or if that is not done, then a payload type in the dynamic range
   SHALL be chosen by means of an out-of-band signaling protocol (e.g.,
   H.245, SIP).

   Extension (X) bit: Defined by the RTP profile used.

   Sequence Number: Incremented by 1 for each RTP data packet sent,
   starting, for security reasons, with a random initial value.

   Marker (M) bit: The marker bit is set to 1 to indicate the last RTP
   packet (or only RTP packet) of a VOP.  When multiple VOPs are carried
   in the same RTP packet, the marker bit is set to 1.

   Timestamp: The timestamp indicates the sampling instance of the VOP
   contained in the RTP packet.  A constant offset, which is random, is
   added for security reasons.








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   o  When multiple VOPs are carried in the same RTP packet, the
      timestamp indicates the earliest of the VOP times within the VOPs
      carried in the RTP packet.  Timestamp information of the rest of
      the VOPs is derived from the timestamp fields in the VOP header
      (modulo_time_base and vop_time_increment).

   o  If the RTP packet contains only configuration information and/or
      Group_of_VideoObjectPlane() fields, the timestamp of the next VOP
      in the coding order is used.

   o  If the RTP packet contains only visual_object_sequence_end_code
      information, the timestamp of the immediately preceding VOP in the
      coding order is used.

   The resolution of the timestamp is set to its default value of 90
   kHz, unless specified by out-of-band means (e.g., SDP parameter or
   media type parameter as defined in Section 7).

   Other header fields are used as described in [RFC3550].

5.2.  Fragmentation of MPEG-4 Visual Bitstream

   A fragmented MPEG-4 Visual bitstream is mapped directly onto the RTP
   payload without any addition of extra header fields or any removal of
   Visual syntax elements.

   In the following, header means one of the following:

   o  Configuration information (Visual Object Sequence Header, Visual
      Object Header, and Video Object Layer Header)

   o  visual_object_sequence_end_code

   o  The header of the entry point function for an elementary stream
      (Group_of_VideoObjectPlane() or the header of VideoObjectPlane(),
      video_plane_with_short_header(), MeshObject(), or FaceObject())

   o  The video packet header (video_packet_header() excluding
      next_resync_marker())

   o  The header of gob_layer()

   o  See Subclause 6.2.1 ("Start codes") of [14496-2] for the
      definition of the configuration information and the entry point
      functions.






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   The Combined Configuration/Elementary streams mode is used.  The
   following rules apply for the fragmentation.

   (1)  Configuration information and Group_of_VideoObjectPlane() fields
        SHALL be placed at the beginning of the RTP payload (just after
        the RTP header) or just after the header of the syntactically
        upper-layer function.

   (2)  If one or more headers exist in the RTP payload, the RTP payload
        SHALL begin with the header of the syntactically highest
        function.  Note: The visual_object_sequence_end_code is regarded
        as the lowest function.

   (3)  A header SHALL NOT be split into a plurality of RTP packets.

   (4)  Different VOPs SHOULD be fragmented into different RTP packets
        so that one RTP packet consists of the data bytes associated
        with a unique VOP time instance (that is indicated in the
        timestamp field in the RTP packet header), with the exception
        that multiple consecutive VOPs MAY be carried within one RTP
        packet in the decoding order if the size of the VOPs is small.

        Note: When multiple VOPs are carried in one RTP payload, the
        timestamp of the VOPs after the first one may be calculated by
        the decoder.  This operation is necessary only for RTP packets
        in which the marker bit equals to 1 and the beginning of the RTP
        payload corresponds to a start code.  (See the descriptions of
        timestamp and marker bit in Section 5.1.)

   (5)  It is RECOMMENDED that a single video packet is sent as a single
        RTP packet.  The size of a video packet SHOULD be adjusted in
        such a way that the resulting RTP packet is not larger than the
        Path MTU.  If the video packet is disabled by the coder
        configuration (by setting resync_marker_disable in the VOL
        header to 1), or in coding tools where the video packet is not
        supported, a VOP MAY be split at arbitrary byte positions.

        The video packet starts with the VOP header or the video packet
        header, followed by motion_shape_texture(), and ends with
        next_resync_marker() or next_start_code().

5.3.  Examples of Packetized MPEG-4 Visual Bitstream

   Figure 2 shows examples of RTP packets generated based on the
   criteria described in Section 5.2






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   (a) is an example of the first RTP packet or the random access point
   of an MPEG-4 Visual bitstream containing the configuration
   information.  According to criterion (1), the Visual Object Sequence
   Header (VS header) is placed at the beginning of the RTP payload,
   preceding the Visual Object Header and the Video Object Layer Header
   (VO header, VOL header).  Since the fragmentation rule defined in
   Section 5.2 guarantees that the configuration information, starting
   with visual_object_sequence_start_code, is always placed at the
   beginning of the RTP payload, RTP receivers can detect the random
   access point by checking if the first 32-bit field of the RTP payload
   is visual_object_sequence_start_code.

   (b) is another example of the RTP packet containing the configuration
   information.  It differs from example (a) in that the RTP packet also
   contains a VOP header and a video packet in the VOP following the
   configuration information.  Since the length of the configuration
   information is relatively short (typically scores of bytes) and an
   RTP packet containing only the configuration information may thus
   increase the overhead, the configuration information and the
   subsequent VOP can be packetized into a single RTP packet.

   (c) is an example of an RTP packet that contains
   Group_of_VideoObjectPlane (GOV).  Following criterion (1), the GOV is
   placed at the beginning of the RTP payload.  It would be a waste of
   RTP/IP header overhead to generate an RTP packet containing only a
   GOV whose length is 7 bytes.  Therefore, the following VOP (or a part
   of it) can be placed in the same RTP packet as shown in (c).

   (d) is an example of the case where one video packet is packetized
   into one RTP packet.  When the packet-loss rate of the underlying
   network is high, this kind of packetization is recommended.  Even
   when the RTP packet containing the VOP header is discarded by a
   packet loss, the other RTP packets can be decoded by using the HEC
   (Header Extension Code) information in the video packet header.  No
   extra RTP header field is necessary.

   (e) is an example of the case where more than one video packet is
   packetized into one RTP packet.  This kind of packetization is
   effective to save the overhead of RTP/IP headers when the bitrate of
   the underlying network is low.  However, it will decrease the packet-
   loss resiliency because multiple video packets are discarded by a
   single RTP packet loss.  The optimal number of video packets in an
   RTP packet and the length of the RTP packet can be determined by
   considering the packet-loss rate and the bitrate of the underlying
   network.






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   (f) is an example of the case when the video packet is disabled by
   setting resync_marker_disable in the VOL header to 1.  In this case,
   a VOP may be split into a plurality of RTP packets at arbitrary byte
   positions.  For example, it is possible to split a VOP into fixed-
   length packets.  This kind of coder configuration and RTP packet
   fragmentation may be used when the underlying network is guaranteed
   to be error-free.

   Figure 3 shows examples of RTP packets prohibited by the criteria of
   Section 5.2.

   Fragmentation of a header into multiple RTP packets, as in Figure
   3(a), will not only increase the overhead of RTP/IP headers but also
   decrease the error resiliency.  Therefore, it is prohibited by
   criterion (3).

   When concatenating more than one video packet into an RTP packet, the
   VOP header or video_packet_header() is not allowed to be placed in
   the middle of the RTP payload.  The packetization as in Figure 2(b)
   is not allowed by criterion (2) due to the aspect of the error
   resiliency.  Comparing this example with Figure 2(d), although two
   video packets are mapped onto two RTP packets in both cases, the
   packet-loss resiliency is not identical.  Namely, if the second RTP
   packet is lost, both video packets 1 and 2 are lost in the case of
   Figure 3(b), whereas only video packet 2 is lost in the case of
   Figure 2(d).

























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    +------+------+------+------+
(a) | RTP  |  VS  |  VO  | VOL  |
    |header|header|header|header|
    +------+------+------+------+

    +------+------+------+------+------+------------+
(b) | RTP  |  VS  |  VO  | VOL  | VOP  |Video Packet|
    |header|header|header|header|header|            |
    +------+------+------+------+------+------------+

    +------+-----+------------------+
(c) | RTP  | GOV |Video Object Plane|
    |header|     |                  |
    +------+-----+------------------+

    +------+------+------------+  +------+------+------------+
(d) | RTP  | VOP  |Video Packet|  | RTP  |  VP  |Video Packet|
    |header|header|    (1)     |  |header|header|    (2)     |
    +------+------+------------+  +------+------+------------+

    +------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+
(e) | RTP  |  VP  |Video Packet|  VP  |Video Packet|  VP  |Video Packet|
    |header|header|     (1)    |header|    (2)     |header|    (3)     |
    +------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+

    +------+------+------------+  +------+------------+
(f) | RTP  | VOP  |VOP fragment|  | RTP  |VOP fragment|
    |header|header|    (1)     |  |header|    (2)     | . . .
    +------+------+------------+  +------+------------+

       Figure 2: Examples of RTP Packetized MPEG-4 Visual Bitstream


      +------+-------------+  +------+------------+------------+
  (a) | RTP  |First half of|  | RTP  |Last half of|Video Packet|
      |header|  VP header  |  |header|  VP header |            |
      +------+-------------+  +------+------------+------------+

      +------+------+----------+  +------+---------+------+------------+
  (b) | RTP  | VOP  |First half|  | RTP  |Last half|  VP  |Video Packet|
      |header|header| of VP(1) |  |header| of VP(1)|header|    (2)     |
      +------+------+----------+  +------+---------+------+------------+

   Figure 3: Examples of Prohibited RTP Packetization for MPEG-4 Visual







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RFC 6416          RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Streams     October 2011


6.  RTP Packetization of MPEG-4 Audio Bitstreams

   This section specifies RTP packetization rules for MPEG-4 Audio
   bitstreams.  MPEG-4 Audio streams MUST be formatted LATM (Low-
   overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport Multiplex) [14496-3] streams, and the
   LATM-based streams are then mapped onto RTP packets as described in
   the sections below.

6.1.  RTP Packet Format

   LATM-based streams consist of a sequence of audioMuxElements that
   include one or more PayloadMux elements that carry the audio frames.
   A complete audioMuxElement or a part of one SHALL be mapped directly
   onto an RTP payload without any removal of audioMuxElement syntax
   elements (see Figure 4).  The first byte of each audioMuxElement
   SHALL be located at the first payload location in an RTP packet.

 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|X|  CC   |M|     PT      |       sequence number         |RTP
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                           timestamp                           |Header
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|           synchronization source (SSRC) identifier            |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|            contributing source (CSRC) identifiers             |
|                             ....                              |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|                                                               |RTP
:                 audioMuxElement (byte aligned)                :Payload
|                                                               |
|                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                               :...OPTIONAL RTP padding        |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 4 - An RTP packet for MPEG-4 Audio

   In order to decode the audioMuxElement, the following
   muxConfigPresent information is required to be indicated by out-of-
   band means.  When SDP is utilized for this indication, the media type
   parameter "cpresent" corresponds to the muxConfigPresent information
   (see Section 7.3).  The following restrictions apply:








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   o  In the out-of-band configuration case, the number of PayloadMux
      elements contained in each audioMuxElement can only be set once.
      If more than one PayloadMux element is contained in each
      audioMuxElement, special care is required to ensure that the last
      RTP packet remains decodable.

   o  To construct the audioMuxElement in the in-band configuration
      case, non-octet-aligned configuration data is inserted immediately
      before the one or more PayloadMux elements.  Since the generation
      of RTP payloads with non-octet-aligned data is not possible with
      RTP hint tracks, as defined by the MP4 file format [14496-12]
      [14496-14], this document does not support RTP hint tracks for the
      in-band configuration case.

   muxConfigPresent: If this value is set to 1 (in-band mode), the
   audioMuxElement SHALL include an indication bit "useSameStreamMux"
   and MAY include the configuration information for audio compression
   "StreamMuxConfig".  The useSameStreamMux bit indicates whether the
   StreamMuxConfig element in the previous frame is applied in the
   current frame.  If the useSameStreamMux bit indicates to use the
   StreamMuxConfig from the previous frame, but if the previous frame
   has been lost, the current frame may not be decodable.  Therefore, in
   case of in-band mode, the StreamMuxConfig element SHOULD be
   transmitted repeatedly depending on the network condition.  On the
   other hand, if muxConfigPresent is set to 0 (out-of-band mode), the
   StreamMuxConfig element is required to be transmitted by an out-of-
   band means.  In case of SDP, the media type parameter "config" is
   utilized (see Section 7.3).

6.2.  Use of RTP Header Fields for MPEG-4 Audio

   Payload Type (PT): The assignment of an RTP payload type for this
   packet format is outside the scope of this document and will only be
   restricted here.  It is expected that the RTP profile for a
   particular class of applications will assign a payload type for this
   encoding, or if that is not done, then a payload type in the dynamic
   range shall be chosen by means of an out-of-band signaling protocol
   (e.g., H.245, SIP).  In the dynamic assignment of RTP payload types
   for scalable streams, the server SHALL assign a different value to
   each layer.  The dependency relationships between the enhanced layer
   and the base layer MUST be signaled as specified in [RFC5583].  An
   example of the use of such signaling for scalable audio streams can
   be found in [RFC5691].

   Marker (M) bit: The marker bit indicates audioMuxElement boundaries.
   It is set to 1 to indicate that the RTP packet contains a complete
   audioMuxElement or the last fragment of an audioMuxElement.




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   Timestamp: The timestamp indicates the sampling instance of the first
   audio frame contained in the RTP packet.  Timestamps are RECOMMENDED
   to start at a random value for security reasons.

   Unless specified by an out-of-band means, the resolution of the
   timestamp is set to its default value of 90 kHz.

   Sequence Number: Incremented by 1 for each RTP packet sent, starting,
   for security reasons, with a random value.

   Other header fields are used as described in [RFC3550].

6.3.  Fragmentation of MPEG-4 Audio Bitstream

   It is RECOMMENDED to put one audioMuxElement in each RTP packet.  If
   the size of an audioMuxElement can be kept small enough that the size
   of the RTP packet containing it does not exceed the size of the Path
   MTU, this will be no problem.  If it cannot, the audioMuxElement
   SHALL be fragmented and spread across multiple packets.

7.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams

   The following sections describe the media type registrations for
   MPEG-4 Audio/Visual streams, which are registered in accordance with
   [RFC4855] and use the template of [RFC4288].  Media type registration
   and SDP usage for the MPEG-4 Visual stream are described in Sections
   7.1 and 7.2, respectively, while media type registration and SDP
   usage for MPEG-4 Audio stream are described in Sections 7.3 and 7.4,
   respectively.

7.1.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Visual

   The receiver MUST ignore any unspecified parameter in order to ensure
   that additional parameters can be added in any future revision of
   this specification.

   Type name: video

   Subtype name: MP4V-ES

   Required parameters: none

   Optional parameters:

      "rate": This parameter is used only for RTP transport.  It
      indicates the resolution of the timestamp field in the RTP header.
      If this parameter is not specified, its default value of 90000 (90
      kHz) is used.



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      "profile-level-id": A decimal representation of MPEG-4 Visual
      Profile and Level indication value (profile_and_level_indication)
      defined in Table G-1 of [14496-2].  This parameter MAY be used in
      the capability exchange or session setup procedure to indicate the
      MPEG-4 Visual Profile and Level combination of which the MPEG-4
      Visual codec is capable.  If this parameter is not specified by
      the procedure, its default value of 1 (Simple Profile/Level 1) is
      used.

      "config": This parameter SHALL be used to indicate the
      configuration of the corresponding MPEG-4 Visual bitstream.  It
      SHALL NOT be used to indicate the codec capability in the
      capability exchange procedure.  It is a hexadecimal representation
      of an octet string that expresses the MPEG-4 Visual configuration
      information, as defined in Subclause 6.2.1 ("Start codes") of
      [14496-2].  The configuration information is mapped onto the octet
      string most significant bit (MSB) first.  The first bit of the
      configuration information SHALL be located at the MSB of the first
      octet.  The configuration information indicated by this parameter
      SHALL be the same as the configuration information in the
      corresponding MPEG-4 Visual stream, except for
      first_half_vbv_occupancy and latter_half_vbv_occupancy (if they
      exist), which may vary in the repeated configuration information
      inside an MPEG-4 Visual stream.  (See Subclause 6.2.1, "Start
      codes", of [14496-2].)

   Published specification:

      The specifications for MPEG-4 Visual streams are presented in
      [14496-2].  The RTP payload format is described in [RFC6416].

   Encoding considerations:

      Video bitstreams MUST be generated according to MPEG-4 Visual
      specifications [14496-2].  A video bitstream is binary data and
      MUST be encoded for non-binary transport (for email, the Base64
      encoding is sufficient).  This type is also defined for transfer
      via RTP.  The RTP packets MUST be packetized according to the
      MPEG-4 Visual RTP payload format defined in [RFC6416].

   Security considerations:

      See Section 10 of [RFC6416].








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   Interoperability considerations:

      MPEG-4 Visual provides a large and rich set of tools for the
      coding of visual objects.  For effective implementation of the
      standard, subsets of the MPEG-4 Visual tool sets have been
      provided for use in specific applications.  These subsets, called
      'Profiles', limit the size of the tool set a decoder is required
      to implement.  In order to restrict computational complexity, one
      or more Levels are set for each Profile.  A Profile@Level
      combination allows:

      *  a codec builder to implement only the subset of the standard he
         needs, while maintaining interworking with other MPEG-4 devices
         included in the same combination, and

      *  checking whether MPEG-4 devices comply with the standard
         ('conformance testing').

      The visual stream SHALL be compliant with the MPEG-4 Visual
      Profile@Level specified by the parameter "profile-level-id".
      Interoperability between a sender and a receiver may be achieved
      by specifying the parameter "profile-level-id" or by arranging a
      capability exchange/announcement procedure for this parameter.

   Applications that use this media type:

      Audio and visual streaming and conferencing tools

   Additional information: none

   Person and email address to contact for further information:

      See Authors' Addresses section at the end of [RFC6416].

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Author:

      See Authors' Addresses section at the end of [RFC6416].

   Change controller:

      IETF Audio/Video Transport Payloads working group delegated from
      the IESG.







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7.2.  Mapping to SDP for MPEG-4 Visual

   The media type video/MP4V-ES string is mapped to fields in SDP
   [RFC4566], as follows:

   o  The media type (video) goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.

   o  The Media subtype (MP4V-ES) goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding
      name.

   o  The optional parameter "rate" goes in "a=rtpmap" as the "clock
      rate".

   o  The optional parameter "profile-level-id" and "config" go in the
      "a=fmtp" line to indicate the coder capability and configuration,
      respectively.  These parameters are expressed as a string, in the
      form of a semicolon-separated list of parameter=value pairs.

      Example usages for the "profile-level-id" parameter are:
      1  : MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile/Level 1
      34 : MPEG-4 Visual Core Profile/Level 2
      145: MPEG-4 Visual Advanced Real Time Simple Profile/Level 1

7.2.1.  Declarative SDP Usage for MPEG-4 Visual

   The following are some examples of media representations in SDP:

   Simple Profile/Level 1, rate=90000(90 kHz), "profile-level-id" and
   "config" are present in "a=fmtp" line:
     m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 98
     a=rtpmap:98 MP4V-ES/90000
     a=fmtp:98 profile-level-id=1;config=000001B001000001B50900000100000
        00120008440FA282C2090A21F

   Core Profile/Level 2, rate=90000(90 kHz), "profile-level-id" is
   present in "a=fmtp" line:
     m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 98
     a=rtpmap:98 MP4V-ES/90000
     a=fmtp:98 profile-level-id=34

   Advance Real Time Simple Profile/Level 1, rate=90000(90 kHz),
   "profile-level-id" is present in "a=fmtp" line:
     m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 98
     a=rtpmap:98 MP4V-ES/90000
     a=fmtp:98 profile-level-id=145






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7.3.  Media Type Registration for MPEG-4 Audio

   The receiver MUST ignore any unspecified parameter, to ensure that
   additional parameters can be added in any future revision of this
   specification.

   Type name: audio

   Subtype name: MP4A-LATM

   Required parameters:

      "rate": the "rate" parameter indicates the RTP timestamp "clock
      rate".  The default value is 90000.  Other rates MAY be indicated
      only if they are set to the same value as the audio sampling rate
      (number of samples per second).

      In the presence of SBR, the sampling rates for the core encoder/
      decoder and the SBR tool are different in most cases.  Therefore,
      this parameter SHALL NOT be considered as the definitive sampling
      rate.  If this parameter is used, the server must follow the rules
      below:

      *  When the presence of SBR is not explicitly signaled by the
         optional SDP parameters such as "object", "profile-level-id",
         or "config", this parameter SHALL be set to the core codec
         sampling rate.

      *  When the presence of SBR is explicitly signaled by the optional
         SDP parameters such as "object", "profile-level-id", or
         "config", this parameter SHALL be set to the SBR sampling rate.

      NOTE: The optional parameter "SBR-enabled" in SDP "a=fmtp" is
      useful for implicit HE AAC / HE AAC v2 signaling.  But the
      "SBR-enabled" parameter can also be used in the case of explicit
      HE AAC / HE AAC v2 signaling.  Therefore, its existence (in
      itself) is not the criteria to determine whether or HE AAC / HE
      AAC v2 signaling is explicit.

   Optional parameters:

      "profile-level-id": a decimal representation of MPEG-4 Audio
      Profile Level indication value defined in [14496-3].  This
      parameter indicates which MPEG-4 Audio tool subsets the decoder is
      capable of using.  If this parameter is not specified in the
      capability exchange or session setup procedure, its default value
      of 30 (Natural Audio Profile/Level 1) is used.




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      "MPS-profile-level-id": a decimal representation of the MPEG
      Surround Profile Level indication as defined in [14496-3].  This
      parameter indicates the support of the MPEG Surround profile and
      level by the decoder to be capable to decode the stream.

      "object": a decimal representation of the MPEG-4 Audio Object Type
      value defined in [14496-3].  This parameter specifies the tool to
      be used by the decoder.  It CAN be used to limit the capability
      within the specified "profile-level-id".

      "bitrate": the data rate for the audio bitstream.

      "cpresent": a boolean parameter that indicates whether audio
      payload configuration data has been multiplexed into an RTP
      payload (see Section 6.1).  A 0 indicates the configuration data
      has not been multiplexed into an RTP payload, and in that case,
      the "config" parameter MUST be present; a 1 indicates that it has
      been multiplexed.  The default if the parameter is omitted is 1.
      If this parameter is set to 1 and the "config" parameter is
      present, the multiplexed configuration data and the value of the
      "config" parameter SHALL be consistent.

      "config": a hexadecimal representation of an octet string that
      expresses the audio payload configuration data "StreamMuxConfig",
      as defined in [14496-3].  Configuration data is mapped onto the
      octet string in an MSB-first basis.  The first bit of the
      configuration data SHALL be located at the MSB of the first octet.
      In the last octet, zero-padding bits, if necessary, SHALL follow
      the configuration data.  Senders MUST set the StreamMuxConfig
      elements taraBufferFullness and latmBufferFullness to their
      largest respective value, indicating that buffer fullness measures
      are not used in SDP.  Receivers MUST ignore the value of these two
      elements contained in the "config" parameter.

      "MPS-asc": a hexadecimal representation of an octet string that
      expresses audio payload configuration data "AudioSpecificConfig",
      as defined in [14496-3].  If this parameter is not present, the
      relevant signaling is performed by other means (e.g., in-band or
      contained in the "config" string).

      The same mapping rules as for the "config" parameter apply.

      "ptime": duration of each packet in milliseconds.








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      "SBR-enabled": a boolean parameter that indicates whether SBR-data
      can be expected in the RTP-payload of a stream.  This parameter is
      relevant for an SBR-capable decoder if the presence of SBR cannot
      be detected from an out-of-band decoder configuration (e.g.,
      contained in the "config" string).

      If this parameter is set to 0, a decoder MAY expect that SBR is
      not used.  If this parameter is set to 1, a decoder CAN up-sample
      the audio data with the SBR tool, regardless of whether or not SBR
      data is present in the stream.

      If the presence of SBR cannot be detected from out-of-band
      configuration and the "SBR-enabled" parameter is not present, the
      parameter defaults to 1 for an SBR-capable decoder.  If the
      resulting output sampling rate or the computational complexity is
      not supported, the SBR tool can be disabled or run in down-sampled
      mode.

      The timestamp resolution at the RTP layer is determined by the
      "rate" parameter.

   Published specification:

      Encoding specifications are provided in [14496-3].  The RTP
      payload format specification is described in [RFC6416].

   Encoding considerations:

      This type is only defined for transfer via RTP.

   Security considerations:

      See Section 10 of [RFC6416].

   Interoperability considerations:

      MPEG-4 Audio provides a large and rich set of tools for the coding
      of audio objects.  For effective implementation of the standard,
      subsets of the MPEG-4 Audio tool sets similar to those used in
      MPEG-4 Visual have been provided (see Section 7.1).

      The audio stream SHALL be compliant with the MPEG-4 Audio Profile@
      Level specified by the parameters "profile-level-id" and
      "MPS-profile-level-id".  Interoperability between a sender and a
      receiver may be achieved by specifying the parameters
      "profile-level-id" and "MPS-profile-level-id" or by arranging in
      the capability exchange procedure to set this parameter mutually




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      to the same value.  Furthermore, the "object" parameter can be
      used to limit the capability within the specified Profile@Level in
      the capability exchange.

   Applications that use this media type:

      Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.

   Additional information: none

   Personal and email address to contact for further information:

      See Authors' Addresses section at the end of [RFC6416].

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Author:

      See Authors' Addresses section at the end of [RFC6416].

   Change controller:

      IETF Audio/Video Transport Payloads working group delegated from
      the IESG.

7.4.  Mapping to SDP for MPEG-4 Audio

   The media type audio/MP4A-LATM string is mapped to fields in SDP
   [RFC4566], as follows:

   o  The media type (audio) goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.

   o  The Media subtype (MP4A-LATM) goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the
      encoding name.

   o  The required parameter "rate" goes in "a=rtpmap" as the "clock
      rate".

   o  The optional parameter "ptime" goes in SDP "a=ptime" attribute.

   o  The optional parameters "profile-level-id",
      "MPS-profile-level-id", and "object" go in the "a=fmtp" line to
      indicate the coder capability.








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      The following are some examples of the "profile-level-id" value:
      1 : Main Audio Profile Level 1
      9 : Speech Audio Profile Level 1
      15: High Quality Audio Profile Level 2
      30: Natural Audio Profile Level 1
      44: High Efficiency AAC Profile Level 2
      48: High Efficiency AAC v2 Profile Level 2
      55: Baseline MPEG Surround Profile (see ISO/IEC 23003-1) Level 3

   The optional payload-format-specific parameters "bitrate",
   "cpresent", "config", "MPS-asc", and "SBR-enabled" also go in the
   "a=fmtp" line.  These parameters are expressed as a string, in the
   form of a semicolon-separated list of parameter=value pairs.

7.4.1.  Declarative SDP Usage for MPEG-4 Audio

   The following sections contain some examples of the media
   representation in SDP.

   Note that the "a=fmtp" line in some of the examples has been wrapped
   to fit the page; they would comprise a single line in the SDP file.

7.4.1.1.  Example: In-Band Configuration

   In this example, the audio configuration data appears in the RTP
   payload exclusively (i.e., the MPEG-4 audio configuration is known
   when a StreamMuxConfig element appears within the RTP payload).

      m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
      a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/90000
      a=fmtp:96 object=2; cpresent=1

   The "clock rate" is set to 90 kHz.  This is the default value, and
   the real audio sampling rate is known when the audio configuration
   data is received.

7.4.1.2.  Example: 6 kbit/s CELP

   This example shows a 6 kbit/s CELP (Code-Excited Linear Prediction)
   bitstream (with an audio sampling rate of 8 kHz).

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/8000
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=9; object=8; cpresent=0;
       config=40008B18388380
     a=ptime:20





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   In this example, audio configuration data is not multiplexed into the
   RTP payload and is described only in SDP.  Furthermore, the "clock
   rate" is set to the audio sampling rate.

7.4.1.3.  Example: 64 kbit/s AAC LC Stereo

   This example shows a 64 kbit/s AAC LC stereo bitstream (with an audio
   sampling rate of 24 kHz).

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/24000/2
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=1; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       object=2; config=400026203fc0

   In this example, audio configuration data is not multiplexed into the
   RTP payload and is described only in SDP.  Furthermore, the "clock
   rate" is set to the audio sampling rate.

   In this example, the presence of SBR cannot be determined by the SDP
   parameter set.  The "clock rate" represents the core codec sampling
   rate.  An SBR-enabled decoder can use the SBR tool to up-sample the
   audio data if the complexity and resulting output sampling rate
   permit.

7.4.1.4.  Example: Use of the "SBR-enabled" Parameter

   These two examples are identical to the example above with the
   exception of the "SBR-enabled" parameter.  The presence of SBR is not
   signaled by the SDP parameters "object", "profile-level-id", and
   "config", but instead the "SBR-enabled" parameter is present.  The
   "rate" parameter and the StreamMuxConfig contain the core codec
   sampling rate.

   This example shows "SBR-enabled=0", with definitive and core codec
   sampling rates of 24 kHz.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/24000/2
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=1; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       SBR-enabled=0; config=400026203fc0

   This example shows "SBR-enabled=1", with core codec sampling rate of
   24 kHz, and definitive and SBR sampling rates of 48 kHz:

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/24000/2
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=1; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       SBR-enabled=1; config=400026203fc0



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   In this example, the "clock rate" is still 24000, and this
   information is used for RTP timestamp calculation.  The value of
   24000 is used to support old AAC decoders.  This makes the decoder
   supporting only AAC understand the HE AAC coded data, although only
   plain AAC is supported.  A HE AAC decoder is able to generate output
   data with the SBR sampling rate.

7.4.1.5.  Example: Hierarchical Signaling of SBR

   When the presence of SBR is explicitly signaled by the SDP parameters
   "object", "profile-level-id", or "config", as in the example below,
   the StreamMuxConfig contains both the core codec sampling rate and
   the SBR sampling rate.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/48000/2
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=44; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       config=40005623101fe0; SBR-enabled=1

   This "config" string uses the explicit signaling mode 2.A
   (hierarchical signaling; see [14496-3].  This means that the AOT
   (Audio Object Type) is SBR (5) and SFI (Sampling Frequency Index) is
   6 (24000 Hz), which refers to the underlying core codec sampling
   frequency.  CC (Channel Configuration) is stereo (2), and the ESFI
   (Extension Sampling Frequency Index)=3 (48000) is referring to the
   sampling frequency of the extension tool (SBR).

7.4.1.6.  Example: HE AAC v2 Signaling

   HE AAC v2 decoders are required to always produce a stereo signal
   from a mono signal.  Hence, there is no parameter necessary to signal
   the presence of PS.

   This example shows "SBR-enabled=1" with 1 channel signaled in the
   "a=rtpmap" line and within the "config" parameter.  The core codec
   sampling rate is 24 kHz; the definitive and SBR sampling rates are 48
   kHz.  The core codec channel configuration is mono; the PS channel
   configuration is stereo.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 110
     a=rtpmap:110 MP4A-LATM/24000/1
     a=fmtp:110 profile-level-id=15; object=2; cpresent=0;
       config=400026103fc0; SBR-enabled=1








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7.4.1.7.  Example: Hierarchical Signaling of PS

   This example shows 48 kHz stereo audio input.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 110
     a=rtpmap:110 MP4A-LATM/48000/2
     a=fmtp:110 profile-level-id=48; cpresent=0; config=4001d613101fe0

   The "config" parameter indicates explicit hierarchical signaling of
   PS and SBR.  This configuration method is not supported by legacy AAC
   an HE AAC decoders, and these are therefore unable to decode the
   coded data.

7.4.1.8.  Example: MPEG Surround

   The following examples show how MPEG Surround configuration data can
   be signaled using SDP.  The configuration is carried within the
   "config" string in the first example by using two different layers.
   The general parameters in this example are: AudioMuxVersion=1;
   allStreamsSameTimeFraming=1; numSubFrames=0; numProgram=0;
   numLayer=1.  The first layer describes the HE AAC payload and signals
   the following parameters: ascLen=25; audioObjectType=2 (AAC LC);
   extensionAudioObjectType=5 (SBR); samplingFrequencyIndex=6 (24 kHz);
   extensionSamplingFrequencyIndex=3 (48 kHz); channelConfiguration=2
   (2.0 channels).  The second layer describes the MPEG Surround payload
   and specifies the following parameters: ascLen=110;
   AudioObjectType=30 (MPEG Surround); samplingFrequencyIndex=3 (48
   kHz); channelConfiguration=6 (5.1 channels); sacPayloadEmbedding=1;
   SpatialSpecificConfig=(48 kHz; 32 slots; 525 tree; ResCoding=1;
   ResBands=[7,7,7,7]).

   In this example, the signaling is carried by using two different LATM
   layers.  The MPEG Surround payload is carried together with the AAC
   payload in a single layer as indicated by the sacPayloadEmbedding
   Flag.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/48000
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=1; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       SBR-enabled=1;
       config=8FF8004192B11880FF0DDE3699F2408C00536C02313CF3CE0FF0

7.4.1.9.  Example: MPEG Surround with Extended SDP Parameters

   The following example is an extension of the configuration given
   above by the MPEG-Surround-specific parameters.  The "MPS-asc"
   parameter specifies the MPEG Surround Baseline Profile at Level 3
   (PLI55), and the "MPS-asc" string contains the hexadecimal



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   representation of the MPEG Surround ASC [audioObjectType=30 (MPEG
   Surround); samplingFrequencyIndex=0x3 (48 kHz);
   channelConfiguration=6 (5.1 channels); sacPayloadEmbedding=1;
   SpatialSpecificConfig=(48 kHz; 32 slots; 525 tree; ResCoding=1;
   ResBands=[0,13,13,13])].

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/48000
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=44; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       config=40005623101fe0; MPS-profile-level-id=55;
       MPS-asc=F1B4CF920442029B501185B6DA00;

7.4.1.10.  Example: MPEG Surround with Single-Layer Configuration

   The following example shows how MPEG Surround configuration data can
   be signaled using the SDP "config" parameter.  The configuration is
   carried within the "config" string using a single layer.  The general
   parameters in this example are: AudioMuxVersion=1;
   allStreamsSameTimeFraming=1; numSubFrames=0; numProgram=0;
   numLayer=0.  The single layer describes the combination of HE AAC and
   MPEG Surround payload and signals the following parameters:
   ascLen=101; audioObjectType=2 (AAC LC); extensionAudioObjectType=5
   (SBR); samplingFrequencyIndex=7 (22.05 kHz);
   extensionSamplingFrequencyIndex=7 (44.1 kHz); channelConfiguration=2
   (2.0 channels).  A backward-compatible extension according to
   [14496-3/Amd.1] signals the presence of MPEG Surround payload data
   and specifies the following parameters: SpatialSpecificConfig=(44.1
   kHz; 32 slots; 525 tree; ResCoding=0).

   In this example, the signaling is carried by using a single LATM
   layer.  The MPEG Surround payload is carried together with the HE AAC
   payload in a single layer.

     m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96
     a=rtpmap:96 MP4A-LATM/44100
     a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=44; bitrate=64000; cpresent=0;
       SBR-enabled=1; config=8FF8000652B920876A83A1F440884053620FF0;
       MPS-profile-level-id=55

8.  IANA Considerations

   This document updates the media subtypes "MP4A-LATM" and "MP4V-ES"
   from RFC 3016.  The new registrations are in Sections 7.1 and 7.3 of
   this document.







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9.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Yoshihiro Kikuchi, Yoshinori Matsui,
   Toshiyuki Nomura, Shigeru Fukunaga, and Hideaki Kimata for their work
   on RFC 3016, and Ali Begen, Keith Drage, Roni Even, and Qin Wu for
   their valuable input and comments on this document.

10.  Security Considerations

   RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
   are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP
   specification [RFC3550] and in any applicable RTP profile.  The main
   security considerations for the RTP packet carrying the RTP payload
   format defined within this document are confidentiality, integrity,
   and source authenticity.  Confidentiality is achieved by encryption
   of the RTP payload, and integrity of the RTP packets is achieved
   through a suitable cryptographic integrity protection mechanism.  A
   cryptographic system may also allow the authentication of the source
   of the payload.  A suitable security mechanism for this RTP payload
   format should provide confidentiality, integrity protection, and (at
   least) source authentication capable of determining whether or not an
   RTP packet is from a member of the RTP session.

   Note that most MPEG-4 codecs define an extension mechanism to
   transmit extra data within a stream that is gracefully skipped by
   decoders that do not support this extra data.  This may be used to
   transmit unwanted data in an otherwise valid stream.

   The appropriate mechanism to provide security to RTP and payloads
   following this may vary.  It is dependent on the application, the
   transport, and the signaling protocol employed.  Therefore, a single
   mechanism is not sufficient, although, if suitable, the usage of the
   Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) [RFC3711] is recommended.
   Other mechanisms that may be used are IPsec [RFC4301] and Transport
   Layer Security (TLS) [RFC5246] (e.g., for RTP over TCP), but other
   alternatives may also exist.

   This RTP payload format and its media decoder do not exhibit any
   significant non-uniformity in the receiver-side computational
   complexity for packet processing, and thus are unlikely to pose a
   denial-of-service threat due to the receipt of pathological data.
   The complete MPEG-4 System allows for transport of a wide range of
   content, including Java applets (MPEG-J) and scripts.  Since this
   payload format is restricted to audio and video streams, it is not
   possible to transport such active content in this format.






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11.  Differences to RFC 3016

   The RTP payload format for MPEG-4 Audio as specified in RFC 3016 is
   used by the 3GPP PSS service [3GPP].  However, there are some
   misalignments between RFC 3016 and the 3GPP PSS specification that
   are addressed by this update:

   o  The audio payload format (LATM) referenced in this document is the
      newer format specified in [14496-3], which is binary compatible to
      the format used in [3GPP].  This newer format is not binary
      compatible with the LATM referenced in RFC 3016, which is
      specified in [14496-3:1999/Amd.1:2000].

   o  The audio signaling format (StreamMuxConfig) referenced in this
      document is binary compatible to the format used in [3GPP].  The
      StreamMuxConfig element has also been revised by MPEG since RFC
      3016.

   o  The use of an audio parameter "SBR-enabled" is now defined in this
      document, which is used by 3GPP implementations [3GPP].  RFC 3016
      does not define this parameter.

   o  The "rate" parameter is defined unambiguously in this document for
      the case of presence of SBR (Spectral Band Replication).  In RFC
      3016, the definition of the "rate" parameter is ambiguous.

   o  The number of audio channels parameter is defined unambiguously in
      this document for the case of presence of PS (Parametric Stereo).
      At the time RFC 3016 was written, PS was not yet defined.

   Furthermore, some comments have been addressed and signaling support
   for MPEG Surround [23003-1] was added.

   Below is a summary of the changes in requirements by this update:

   o  In the dynamic assignment of RTP payload types for scalable MPEG-4
      Audio streams, the server SHALL assign a different value to each
      layer.

   o  The dependency relationships between the enhanced layer and the
      base layer for scalable MPEG-4 Audio streams MUST be signaled as
      specified in [RFC5583].

   o  If the size of an audioMuxElement is so large that the size of the
      RTP packet containing it does exceed the size of the Path MTU, the
      audioMuxElement SHALL be fragmented and spread across multiple
      packets.




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   o  The receiver MUST ignore any unspecified parameter in order to
      ensure that additional parameters can be added in any future
      revision of this specification.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [14496-2]  MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-2 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 2: Visual", 2003.

   [14496-3]  MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-3 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 3 Audio", 2009.

   [14496-3/Amd.1]
              MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-3 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 3: Audio, Amendment 1: HD-AAC
              profile and MPEG Surround signaling", 2009.

   [23003-1]  MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 23003-1 - MPEG
              Surround (MPEG D)", 2007.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003.

   [RFC4288]  Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
              Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.

   [RFC4566]  Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
              Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.

   [RFC4629]  Ott, H., Bormann, C., Sullivan, G., Wenger, S., and R.
              Even, "RTP Payload Format for ITU-T Rec", RFC 4629,
              January 2007.

   [RFC4855]  Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload
              Formats", RFC 4855, February 2007.

   [RFC5583]  Schierl, T. and S. Wenger, "Signaling Media Decoding
              Dependency in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)",
              RFC 5583, July 2009.






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12.2.  Informative References

   [14496-1]  MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-1 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 1 Systems", 2004.

   [14496-12] MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-12 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 12 ISO base media file format".

   [14496-14] MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-14 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 12 MP4 file format".

   [14496-3:1999/Amd.1:2000]
              MPEG, "ISO/IEC International Standard 14496-3 - Coding of
              audio-visual objects, Part 3 Audio, Amendment 1: Audio
              extensions", 2000.

   [3GPP]     3GPP, "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical
              Specification Group Services and System Aspects;
              Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service
              (PSS); Protocols and codecs (Release 9)", 3GPP TS 26.234
              V9.5.0, December 2010.

   [H245]     International Telecommunication Union, "Control protocol
              for multimedia communication", ITU Recommendation H.245,
              December 2009.

   [H261]     International Telecommunication Union, "Video codec for
              audiovisual services at p x 64 kbit/s", ITU
              Recommendation H.261, March 1993.

   [H323]     International Telecommunication Union, "Packet-based
              multimedia communications systems", ITU
              Recommendation H.323, December 2009.

   [RFC2198]  Perkins, C., Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V.,
              Handley, M., Bolot, J., Vega-Garcia, A., and S. Fosse-
              Parisis, "RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data", RFC 2198,
              September 1997.

   [RFC3016]  Kikuchi, Y., Nomura, T., Fukunaga, S., Matsui, Y., and H.
              Kimata, "RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual
              Streams", RFC 3016, November 2000.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.




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   [RFC3640]  van der Meer, J., Mackie, D., Swaminathan, V., Singer, D.,
              and P. Gentric, "RTP Payload Format for Transport of
              MPEG-4 Elementary Streams", RFC 3640, November 2003.

   [RFC3711]  Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
              Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
              RFC 3711, March 2004.

   [RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
              Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.

   [RFC4628]  Even, R., "RTP Payload Format for H.263 Moving RFC 2190 to
              Historic Status", RFC 4628, January 2007.

   [RFC5109]  Li, A., "RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error
              Correction", RFC 5109, December 2007.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5691]  de Bont, F., Doehla, S., Schmidt, M., and R.
              Sperschneider, "RTP Payload Format for Elementary Streams
              with MPEG Surround Multi-Channel Audio", RFC 5691,
              October 2009.



























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Authors' Addresses

   Malte Schmidt
   Dolby Laboratories
   Deutschherrnstr. 15-19
   90537 Nuernberg
   DE

   Phone: +49 911 928 91 42
   EMail: malte.schmidt@dolby.com


   Frans de Bont
   Philips Electronics
   High Tech Campus 36
   5656 AE Eindhoven
   NL

   Phone: +31 40 2740234
   EMail: frans.de.bont@philips.com


   Stefan Doehla
   Fraunhofer IIS
   Am Wolfmantel 33
   91058 Erlangen
   DE

   Phone: +49 9131 776 6042
   EMail: stefan.doehla@iis.fraunhofer.de


   Jaehwan Kim
   LG Electronics Inc.
   VCS/HE, 16Fl. LG Twin Towers
   Yoido-Dong, YoungDungPo-Gu,
   Seoul 150-721
   Korea

   Phone: +82 10 6225 0619
   EMail: kjh1905m@naver.com










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