path: root/doc/rfc/rfc8147.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        R. Gellens
Request for Comments: 8147                    Core Technology Consulting
Category: Standards Track                                  H. Tschofenig
ISSN: 2070-1721                                               Individual
                                                                May 2017


                   Next-Generation Pan-European eCall

Abstract

   This document describes how to use IP-based emergency services
   mechanisms to support the next generation of the Pan-European in-
   vehicle emergency call service defined under the eSafety initiative
   of the European Commission (generally referred to as "eCall"). eCall
   is a standardized and mandated system for a special form of emergency
   calls placed by vehicles, providing real-time communications and an
   integrated set of related data.

   This document also registers MIME media types and an Emergency Call
   Data Type for the eCall vehicle data and metadata/control data, and
   an INFO package to enable carrying this data in SIP INFO requests.

   Although this specification is designed to meet the requirements of
   next-generation Pan-European eCall (NG-eCall), it is specified
   generically such that the technology can be reused or extended to
   suit requirements across jurisdictions.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8147.










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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.





































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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   3.  Document Scope  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  eCall Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Vehicle Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Data Transport  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Call Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  Test Calls  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  The Metadata/Control Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.1.  The Control Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       9.1.1.  The <ack> Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
         9.1.1.1.  Attributes of the <ack> Element . . . . . . . . .  14
         9.1.1.2.  Child Element of the <ack> Element  . . . . . . .  15
         9.1.1.3.  Example of the <ack> Element  . . . . . . . . . .  16
       9.1.2.  The <capabilities> Element  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
         9.1.2.1.  Child Element of the <capabilities> Element . . .  16
         9.1.2.2.  Example of the <capabilities> Element . . . . . .  17
       9.1.3.  The <request> Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
         9.1.3.1.  Attributes of the <request> Element . . . . . . .  17
         9.1.3.2.  Child Element of the <request> Element  . . . . .  19
         9.1.3.3.  Request Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   10. Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   12. Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
   13. XML Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
   14. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     14.1.  The EmergencyCallData Media Subtree  . . . . . . . . . .  30
     14.2.  Service URN Registrations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
     14.3.  MIME Media Type Registration for
            application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD  . . . . . . . .  31
     14.4.  MIME Media Type Registration for
            application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml  . . . . . . .  32
     14.5.  Registration of the "eCall.MSD" Entry in the Emergency
            Call Data Types Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     14.6.  Registration of the "Control" Entry in the Emergency
            Call Data Types Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     14.7.  Registration for
            urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control . . . .  34
     14.8.  Registry Creation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
       14.8.1.  Emergency Call Actions Registry  . . . . . . . . . .  35
       14.8.2.  Emergency Call Action Failure Reasons Registry . . .  36
     14.9.  The EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO Package . . . . . .  37
       14.9.1.  Overall Description  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
       14.9.2.  Applicability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
       14.9.3.  INFO Package Name  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
       14.9.4.  INFO Package Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38



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       14.9.5.  SIP Option-Tags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
       14.9.6.  INFO Request Body Parts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
       14.9.7.  INFO Package Usage Restrictions  . . . . . . . . . .  39
       14.9.8.  Rate of INFO Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
       14.9.9.  INFO Package Security Considerations . . . . . . . .  39
       14.9.10. Implementation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
       14.9.11. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
   15. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     15.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     15.2.  Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43

1.  Introduction

   Emergency calls made from vehicles (e.g., in the event of a crash)
   assist in significantly reducing road deaths and injuries by allowing
   emergency services to be aware of the incident, the state (condition)
   of the vehicle, and the location of the vehicle and to have a voice
   communications channel with the vehicle occupants.  This enables a
   quick and appropriate response.

   The European Commission initiative of eCall was conceived in the late
   1990s and has evolved to a European Parliament decision requiring the
   implementation of a compliant in-vehicle system (IVS) in new vehicles
   and the deployment of eCall in the European Member States in the very
   near future.  Other regions are developing eCall-compatible systems.

   The Pan-European eCall system is a standardized and mandated
   mechanism for emergency calls by vehicles, providing a voice channel
   and transmission of data.  eCall establishes procedures for such
   calls to be placed by in-vehicle systems, recognized and processed by
   the mobile network, and routed to a specialized Public Safety
   Answering Point (PSAP) where the vehicle data is available to assist
   the call taker in assessing and responding to the situation.  eCall
   provides a standard set of vehicle, sensor (e.g., crash-related), and
   location data.

   An eCall can be either user initiated or automatically triggered.
   Automatically triggered eCalls indicate a car crash or some other
   serious incident.  Manually triggered eCalls might be reports of
   witnessed crashes or serious hazards, a request for medical
   assistance, etc.  PSAPs might apply specific operational handling to
   manual and automatic eCalls.






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   Legacy eCall is standardized (by 3GPP [SDO-3GPP] and the European
   Committee for Standardization (CEN) [CEN]) as a 3GPP circuit-switched
   call over Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) (2G) or
   Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (3G).  Flags in the
   call setup mark the call as an eCall and further indicate if the call
   was automatically or manually triggered.  The call is routed to an
   eCall-capable PSAP, a voice channel is established between the
   vehicle and the PSAP, and an eCall in-band modem is used to carry a
   defined set of vehicle, sensor (e.g., crash-related), and location
   data (the Minimum Set of Data or MSD) within the voice channel.  The
   same in-band mechanism is used for the PSAP to acknowledge successful
   receipt of the MSD and to request the vehicle to send a new MSD
   (e.g., to check if the state of or location of the vehicle or its
   occupants has changed).  NG-eCall moves from circuit switched to
   all-IP and carries the vehicle data and eCall signaling as additional
   data carried with the call.  This document describes how IETF
   mechanisms for IP-based emergency calls (including [RFC6443] and
   [RFC7852]) are used to provide the signaling and data exchange of the
   next generation of Pan-European eCall.

   The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) [SDO-ETSI]
   has published a Technical Report titled "Mobile Standards Group
   (MSG); eCall for VoIP" [MSG_TR] that presents findings and
   recommendations regarding support for eCall in an all-IP environment.
   The recommendations include the use of 3GPP Internet Multimedia
   System (IMS) emergency calling with additional elements identifying
   the call as an eCall and as carrying eCall data and mechanisms for
   carrying the data and eCall signaling.  3GPP IMS emergency services
   support multimedia, providing the ability to carry voice, text, and
   video.  This capability is referred to within 3GPP as Multimedia
   Emergency Services (MMES).

   A transition period will exist during which time the various entities
   involved in initiating and handling an eCall might support NG-eCall,
   legacy eCall, or both.  The issues of migration and co-existence
   during the transition period are outside the scope of this document.

   This document indicates how to use IP-based emergency services
   mechanisms to support NG-eCall.

   This document also registers MIME media types and Emergency Call Data
   Types for the eCall vehicle data (MSD) and metadata/control data, and
   an INFO package to enable carrying this data in SIP INFO requests.

   The MSD is carried in the MIME type application/
   EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD and the metadata/control block is carried
   in the MIME type application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml (both of
   which are registered in Section 14).  An INFO package is defined (in



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   Section 14.9) to enable these MIME types to be carried in SIP INFO
   requests, per [RFC6086].

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   This document reuses terminology defined in Section 3 of [RFC5012].

   Additionally, we use the following abbreviations:

      3GPP:    3rd Generation Partnership Project

      CEN:     European Committee for Standardization

      EENA:    European Emergency Number Association

      ESInet:  Emergency Services IP network

      IMS:     IP Multimedia Subsystem

      IVS:     In-Vehicle System

      MNO:     Mobile Network Operator

      MSD:     Minimum Set of Data

      PSAP:    Public Safety Answering Point

3.  Document Scope

   This document is focused on the signaling, data exchange, and
   protocol needs of NG-eCall (also referred to as packet-switched eCall
   or all-IP eCall) within the SIP framework for emergency calls (as
   described in [RFC6443] and [RFC6881]).  eCall itself is specified by
   3GPP and CEN, and these specifications include far greater scope than
   is covered here.

   The eCall service operates over cellular wireless communication, but
   this document does not address cellular-specific details, nor client
   domain selection (e.g., circuit-switched versus packet-switched).
   All such aspects are the purview of their respective standards
   bodies.  The scope of this document is limited to eCall operating
   within a SIP-based environment (e.g., 3GPP IMS Emergency Calling
   [TS23.167]).




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   Although this specification is designed to meet the requirements of
   Pan-European NG-eCall, it is specified generically such that the
   technology can be reused or extended to suit requirements across
   jurisdictions (see, e.g., [RFC8148]), and extension points are
   provided to facilitate this.

   Note that vehicles designed for multiple regions might need to
   support eCall and other Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN)
   systems (such as described in [RFC8148]), but this is out of scope of
   this document.

4.  eCall Requirements

   eCall requirements are specified by CEN in [EN_16072] and by 3GPP in
   [TS22.101], Section 10.7 and Annex A.27, and [TS24.229],
   Section 4.7.6.  Requirements specific to vehicle data are contained
   in EN 15722 [MSD].

5.  Vehicle Data

   Pan-European eCall provides a standardized and mandated set of
   vehicle-related data (including VIN, vehicle type, propulsion type,
   current and optionally previous location coordinates, and the number
   of occupants) known as the Minimum Set of Data (MSD).  CEN has
   specified this data in EN 15722 [MSD], along with both ASN.1 and XML
   encodings.  Both circuit-switched eCall and this document use the
   ASN.1 PER encoding, which is specified in Annex A of EN 15722 [MSD]
   (the XML encoding specified in Annex C is not used in this document,
   per 3GPP [SDO-3GPP]).

   This document registers the application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
   MIME media type to enable the MSD to be carried in SIP.  As an ASN.1
   PER-encoded object, the data is binary and transported using binary
   content transfer encoding within SIP messages.  This document also
   adds "eCall.MSD" to the "Emergency Call Data Types" registry to
   enable the MSD to be recognized as such in a SIP-based eCall
   emergency call.  (See [RFC7852] for more information about the
   registry and how it is used.)

   See Section 6 for a discussion of how the MSD vehicle data is
   conveyed in an NG-eCall.

6.  Data Transport

   [RFC7852] establishes a general mechanism for conveying blocks of
   data within a SIP emergency call.  This document makes use of that
   mechanism to include vehicle data (the MSD; see Section 5) and
   metadata/control information (see Section 9) within SIP messages.



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   This document also registers an INFO package (in Section 14.9) to
   enable eCall-related data blocks to be carried in SIP INFO requests
   (per [RFC6086], new INFO usages require the definition of an INFO
   package).

   Note that if other data sets need to be transmitted in the future,
   the appropriate signaling mechanism for such data needs to be
   evaluated, including factors such as the size and frequency of such
   data.

   An IVS transmits an MSD (see Section 5) by encoding it per Annex A of
   EN 15722 [MSD] and including it as a MIME body part within a SIP
   message per [RFC7852].  The body part is identified by its MIME media
   type (application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD) in the Content-Type
   header field of the body part.  The body part is assigned a unique
   identifier that is listed in a Content-ID header field in the body
   part.  The SIP message is marked as containing the MSD by adding (or
   appending to) a Call-Info header field at the top level of the SIP
   message.  This Call-Info header field contains a Content Identifier
   (CID) URL referencing the body part's unique identifier and a
   "purpose" parameter identifying the data as the eCall MSD per the
   entry in the "Emergency Call Data Types" registry; the "purpose"
   parameter's value is "EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD".  Per [RFC6086],
   an MSD is carried in a SIP INFO request by using the INFO package
   defined in Section 14.9.

   A PSAP or IVS transmits a metadata/control object (see Section 9) by
   encoding it per the description in this document and including it
   within a SIP message as a MIME body part per [RFC7852].  The body
   part is identified by its MIME media type (application/
   EmergencyCallData.Control+xml) in the Content-Type header field of
   the body part.  The body part is assigned a unique identifier, which
   is listed in a Content-ID header field in the body part.  The SIP
   message is marked as containing the metadata/control object by adding
   (or appending to) a Call-Info header field at the top level of the
   SIP message.  This Call-Info header field contains a CID URL
   referencing the body part's unique identifier and a "purpose"
   parameter identifying the data as an eCall metadata/control block per
   the entry in the "Emergency Call Data Types" registry; the "purpose"
   parameter's value is "EmergencyCallData.Control".  Per [RFC6086], a
   metadata/control object is carried in a SIP INFO request by using the
   INFO package defined in Section 14.9.

   An MSD or a metadata/control block is always enclosed in a multipart
   body part (even if it would otherwise be the only body part in the
   SIP message).





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   A body part containing an MSD or metadata/control object has a
   Content-Disposition header field value containing "By-Reference".

   An IVS initiating an NG-eCall includes an MSD as a body part within
   the initial INVITE and optionally also includes a metadata/control
   object informing the PSAP of its capabilities as another body part.
   The MSD body part (and metadata/control and Presence Information Data
   Format Location Object (PIDF-LO) body parts, if included) have a
   Content-Disposition header field with the value "By-Reference;
   handling=optional".  Specifying "handling=optional" prevents the SIP
   INVITE request from being rejected if it is processed by a legacy
   element (e.g., a gateway between SIP and circuit-switched
   environments) that does not understand the MSD (or metadata/control
   object or PIDF-LO).

   The PSAP creates a metadata/control object acknowledging receipt of
   the MSD and includes it as a body part within the SIP final response
   to the SIP INVITE request per [RFC7852].  A metadata/control object
   is not included in provisional (e.g., 180) responses.

   A PSAP is able to reject a call while indicating that it is aware of
   the situation by including a metadata/control object acknowledging
   the MSD and containing "received=true" within a final response using
   SIP response code 600 (Busy Everywhere), 486 (Busy Here), or 603
   (Decline), per [RFC7852].

   If the IVS receives an acknowledgment for an MSD containing
   "received=false", this indicates that the PSAP was unable to properly
   decode or process the MSD.  The IVS action is not defined (e.g., it
   might only log an error).  Since the PSAP is able to request an
   updated MSD during the call, if an initial MSD is unsatisfactory in
   any way, the PSAP can choose to request another one.

   A PSAP can request that the vehicle send an updated MSD during a call
   (e.g., upon manual request of the PSAP call taker who suspects the
   vehicle state may have changed).  To do so, the PSAP creates a
   metadata/control object requesting an MSD and includes it within a
   SIP INFO request sent within the dialog.  The IVS then includes an
   updated MSD within a SIP INFO request and sends it within the dialog.
   If the IVS is unable to send an MSD, it instead sends a metadata/
   control object acknowledging the request, containing an
   <actionResult> element with a "success" parameter set to "false" and
   a "reason" parameter (and optionally a "details" parameter)
   indicating why the request could not be accomplished.  Per [RFC6086],
   metadata/control objects and MSDs are sent using the INFO package
   defined in Section 14.9.  In addition, to align with how an MSD or
   metadata/control block is transmitted in a SIP message other than an
   INFO request, a Call-Info header field is included in the SIP INFO



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   request to reference the MSD or metadata/control block per [RFC7852].
   See Section 14.9 for information about the use of SIP INFO requests
   to carry data within an eCall.

   The IVS is not expected to send an unsolicited MSD after the initial
   INVITE.

   This document does not mandate support for the data blocks defined in
   [RFC7852].

7.  Call Setup

   In a circuit-switched eCall, the IVS places a special form of a 112
   emergency call, which carries an eCall flag (indicating that the call
   is an eCall and also if the call was manually or automatically
   triggered); the mobile network operator (MNO) recognizes the eCall
   flag and routes the call to an eCall-capable PSAP, and vehicle data
   is transmitted to the PSAP via the eCall in-band modem (in the voice
   channel).

      ///-----\\\     112 voice call with eCall flag      +------+
      ||| IVS |||---------------------------------------->| PSAP |
      \\\-----///  vehicle data via eCall in-band modem   +------+

                     Figure 1: Circuit-Switched eCall

   For NG-eCall, the IVS establishes an emergency call using a Request-
   URI indicating a manual or automatic eCall; the MNO (or ESInet)
   recognizes the eCall URN and routes the call to an NG-eCall-capable
   PSAP; and the PSAP interprets the vehicle data sent with the call and
   makes it available to the call taker.

      ///-----\\\    IMS emergency call with eCall URN    +------+
      ||| IVS |||---------------------------------------->| PSAP |
      \\\-----///  vehicle data included in call setup    +------+

                            Figure 2: NG-eCall

   See Section 6 for information on how the MSD is transported within an
   NG-eCall.

   This document adds new service URN children within the "sos"
   subservice.  These URNs provide the mechanism by which an eCall is
   identified and differentiate between manually and automatically
   triggered eCalls (which might be subject to different treatment,
   depending on policy).  The two service URNs are:
   urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic and urn:service:sos.ecall.manual,
   which request resources associated with an emergency call placed by



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   an in-vehicle system, carrying a standardized set of data related to
   the vehicle and incident.  These are registered in Section 14.2.

   Call routing is outside the scope of this document.

8.  Test Calls

   eCall requires the ability to place test calls (see [TS22.101],
   clause 10.7 and [EN_16062], clause 7.2.2).  These are calls that are
   recognized and treated to some extent as eCalls but are not given
   emergency call treatment and are not handled by call takers.  The
   specific handling of test eCalls is outside the scope of this
   document; typically, the test call facility allows the IVS or user to
   verify that an eCall can be successfully established with voice
   communication.  The IVS might also be able to verify that the MSD was
   successfully received.

   A service URN starting with "test." indicates a test call.  For
   eCall, "urn:service:test.sos.ecall" indicates such a test feature.
   The "test" service URN is defined in [RFC6881].

   This document specifies "urn:service:test.sos.ecall" for eCall test
   calls.  This is registered in Section 14.2.

   The circuit-switched eCall test call facility is a non-emergency
   number, so it does not get treated as an emergency call.  For
   NG-eCall, MNOs, emergency authorities, and PSAPs can determine how to
   treat a vehicle call requesting the "test" service URN so that the
   desired functionality is tested, but this is outside the scope of
   this document.

9.  The Metadata/Control Object

   eCall requires the ability for the PSAP to acknowledge successful
   receipt of an MSD sent by the IVS and for the PSAP to request that
   the IVS send an MSD (e.g., the call taker can initiate a request for
   a new MSD to see if there have been changes in the vehicle's state,
   such as location, direction, or number of fastened seat belts).

   This document defines a block of metadata/control data as an XML
   structure containing elements used for eCall and other related
   emergency call systems and extension points.  (This metadata/control
   block is in effect a high-level protocol between the PSAP and IVS.)

   This document registers the application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml
   MIME media type to enable the metadata/control data to be carried in
   SIP.  This document also adds "Control" to the "Emergency Call Data
   Types" registry to enable the metadata/control block to be recognized



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   as such in a SIP-based eCall emergency call.  (See [RFC7852] for more
   information about the registry and how it is used.)

   See Section 6 for a discussion of how the metadata/control data is
   conveyed in an NG-eCall.

   When the PSAP sends a metadata/control block in response to data sent
   by the IVS in a SIP request other than INFO (e.g., the MSD in the
   initial INVITE), the metadata/control block is sent in the SIP
   response to that request (e.g., the response to the INVITE request).
   When the PSAP sends a control block in other circumstances (e.g., mid
   call), the control block is transmitted from the PSAP to the IVS in a
   SIP INFO request within the established dialog.  The IVS sends the
   requested data (the MSD) in a new SIP INFO request (per [RFC6086]).
   This mechanism flexibly allows the PSAP to send eCall-specific data
   to the IVS and the IVS to respond.  SIP INFO requests are sent using
   an appropriate INFO package.  See Section 6 for more information on
   sending a metadata/control block within a SIP message.  See
   Section 14.9 for information about the use of SIP INFO requests to
   carry data within an eCall.

   When the IVS includes an unsolicited MSD in a SIP request (e.g., the
   initial INVITE), the PSAP sends a metadata/control block indicating
   successful/unsuccessful receipt of the MSD in the SIP response to the
   request.  This also informs the IVS that an NG-eCall is in operation.
   If the IVS receives a SIP final response without the metadata/control
   block, it indicates that the SIP dialog is not an NG-eCall (e.g.,
   some part of the call is being handled as a legacy call).  When the
   IVS sends a solicited MSD (e.g., in a SIP INFO request sent following
   receipt of a SIP INFO request containing a metadata/control block
   requesting an MSD), the PSAP does not send a metadata/control block
   indicating successful or unsuccessful receipt of the MSD.  (Normal
   SIP retransmission handles non-receipt of requested data; note that,
   per [RFC6086], a 200 OK response to a SIP INFO request indicates only
   that the receiver has successfully received and accepted the SIP INFO
   request, and it says nothing about the acceptability of the payload.)
   If the IVS receives a request to send an MSD but it is unable to do
   so for any reason, the IVS instead sends a metadata/control object
   acknowledging the request, containing an <actionResult> element with
   a "success" parameter set to "false" and a "reason" parameter (and
   optionally a "details" parameter) indicating why the request could
   not be accomplished.

   This provides flexibility to handle various circumstances.  For
   example, if a PSAP is unable to accept an eCall (e.g., due to
   overload or too many calls from the same location), it can reject the
   INVITE.  Since a metadata/control object is also included in the SIP
   response that rejects the call, the IVS knows if the PSAP received



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   the MSD and can inform the vehicle occupants that the PSAP
   successfully received the vehicle location and information but can't
   talk to the occupants at that time.  Especially for SIP response
   codes that indicate an inability to conduct a call (as opposed to a
   technical inability to process the request), the IVS can also
   determine that the call was successful on a technical level (e.g.,
   not helpful to retry as circuit switched).  (Note that there could be
   edge cases where the PSAP response is not received by the IVS, e.g.,
   if an intermediary sends a CANCEL, and an error response is forwarded
   towards the IVS before the error response from the PSAP is received,
   the response will be dropped, but these are unlikely to occur here.)

   The metadata/control block is carried in the MIME type application/
   EmergencyCallData.Control+xml.

   The metadata/control block is designed for use with Pan-European
   eCall and also eCall-like systems (i.e., in other regions), and it
   has extension points.  Note that eCall-like systems might define
   their own vehicle data blocks and might need to register a new INFO
   package to accommodate the new data MIME media type and the metadata/
   control object.

9.1.  The Control Block

   The control block is an XML data structure allowing for
   acknowledgments, requests, and capabilities information.  It is
   carried in a body part with a specific MIME media type.  Three
   elements are defined for use within a control block:

   ack           Acknowledges receipt of data or a request.

   capabilities  Used in a control block sent from the IVS to the PSAP
                 (e.g., in the initial INVITE) to inform the PSAP of the
                 vehicle capabilities.  Child elements contain all
                 actions and data types supported by the vehicle.  It is
                 OPTIONAL for the IVS to send this block.  Omitting the
                 block indicates that the IVS supports only the
                 mandatory functionality defined in this document.

   request       Used in a control block sent by the PSAP to the IVS to
                 request the vehicle to perform an action.

   The <ack> element indicates the object being acknowledged and reports
   success or failure.







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   The <request> element contains attributes to indicate the request and
   to supply related information.  The "action" attribute is mandatory
   and indicates the specific action.  An IANA registry is created in
   Section 14.8.1 to contain the allowed values.

   The <capabilities> element has child <request> elements to indicate
   the actions supported by the IVS.

9.1.1.  The <ack> Element

   The <ack> element acknowledges receipt of an eCall data object or
   request.  An <ack> element references the Content-ID of the object
   being acknowledged.  The PSAP MUST send an <ack> element
   acknowledging receipt of an unsolicited MSD (e.g., sent by the IVS in
   the INVITE); this <ack> element indicates if the PSAP considers the
   MSD successfully received or not.  An <ack> element is not sent for a
   <capabilities> element.

9.1.1.1.  Attributes of the <ack> Element

   The <ack> element has the following attributes:

   Name:         ref
   Usage:        Mandatory
   Type:         anyURI
   Direction:    Sent in either direction
   Description:  References the Content-ID of the body part being
                 acknowledged.
   Example:      <ack received="true"
                 ref="1234567890@atlanta.example.com"/>

   Name:         received
   Usage:        Conditional: mandatory in an <ack> element sent by a
                 PSAP
   Type:         boolean
   Direction:    In this document, sent from the PSAP to the IVS
   Description:  Indicates if the referenced object was considered
                 successfully received or not.
   Example:      <ack received="true"
                 ref="1234567890@atlanta.example.com"/>











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9.1.1.2.  Child Element of the <ack> Element

   For extensibility, the <ack> element has the following child element:

   Name:         actionResult
   Usage:        Optional
   Direction:    Sent from the IVS to the PSAP
   Description:  An <actionResult> element indicates the result of an
      action (other than a successfully executed "send-data" action).
      The <ack> element contains an <actionResult> element for each
      <request> element that is not a successfully executed "send-data"
      action.  The <actionResult> element has the following attributes:

      Name:         action
      Usage:        Mandatory
      Type:         token
      Description:  Contains the value of the "action" attribute of the
         <request> element

      Name:         success
      Usage:        Mandatory
      Type:         boolean
      Description:  Indicates if the action was successfully
         accomplished

      Name:         reason
      Usage:        Conditional
      Type:         token
      Description:  Used when "success" is "false", this attribute
         contains a reason code for a failure.  A registry for reason
         codes is defined in Section 14.8.2.  The initial values are:
         damaged (required components are damaged), data-unsupported
         (the data item referenced in a "send-data" request is not
         supported), security-failure (the authenticity of the request
         or the authority of the requestor could not be verified),
         unable (a generic error for use when no other code is
         appropriate), and unsupported (the "action" value is not
         supported).

      Name:         details
      Usage:        optional
      Type:         string
      Description:  Contains further explanation of the circumstances of
         a success or failure.  The contents are implementation specific
         and human readable.  This is intended for internal use and
         troubleshooting, not for display to vehicle occupants.





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9.1.1.3.  Example of the <ack> Element

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <EmergencyCallData.Control
           xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

       <ack received="true" ref="1234567890@atlanta.example.com"/>

       </EmergencyCallData.Control>

                 Figure 3: <ack> Example from PSAP to IVS

9.1.2.  The <capabilities> Element

   The <capabilities> element is transmitted by the IVS to indicate its
   capabilities to the PSAP.  No attributes for this element are
   currently defined.  There is one child element defined.

9.1.2.1.  Child Element of the <capabilities> Element

   The <capabilities> element has the following child element:

   Name:         request
   Usage:        Mandatory
   Description:  The <capabilities> element contains a <request> child
      element per action supported by the vehicle.

   Example:

         <capabilities>

            <request action="send-data" supported-values="eCall.MSD" />

         </capabilities>

   It is OPTIONAL for the IVS to support the <capabilities> element.  If
   the IVS does not send a <capabilities> element, this indicates that
   the only <request> action supported by the IVS is "send-data" with
   "datatype" set to "eCall.MSD".











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9.1.2.2.  Example of the <capabilities> Element

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <EmergencyCallData.Control
           xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control">

       <capabilities>
           <request action="send-data" supported-values="eCall.MSD"/>
       </capabilities>

       </EmergencyCallData.Control>

                 Figure 4: <capabilities> Element Example

9.1.3.  The <request> Element

   A <request> element appears one or more times on its own or as a
   child of a <capabilities> element.  It allows the PSAP to request
   that the IVS perform an action.  The only action that MUST be
   supported is to send an MSD.  The attributes and child elements are
   defined as follows.

9.1.3.1.  Attributes of the <request> Element

   The <request> element has the following attributes:

   Name:         action
   Usage:        Mandatory
   Type:         token
   Direction:    Sent in either direction
   Description:  Identifies the action that the vehicle is requested to
      perform (in a <request> element within a <capabilities> element;
      indicates an action that the vehicle is capable of performing).
      An IANA registry is established in Section 14.8.1 to contain the
      allowed values.
   Example:      action="send-data"

   Name:         int-id
   Usage:        Conditional
   Type:         unsignedInt
   Direction:    Sent in either direction
   Description:  Defined for extensibility.  Documents that make use of
      it are expected to explain when it is required and how it is used.
   Example:      int-id="3"







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   Name:         persistence
   Usage:        Optional
   Type:         duration
   Direction:    Sent in either direction

   Description:  Defined for extensibility.  Specifies how long to carry
      on the specified action.  If absent, the default is for the
      duration of the call.
   Example:      persistence="PT1H"

   Name:         datatype
   Usage:        Conditional
   Type:         token
   Direction:    Sent in either direction
   Description:  Mandatory with a "send-data" action within a <request>
      element that is not within a <capabilities> element.  Specifies
      the data block that the IVS is requested to transmit, using the
      same identifier as in the "purpose" attribute set in a Call-Info
      header field to point to the data block.  Permitted values are
      contained in IANA's "Emergency Call Data Types" registry
      established in [RFC7852].  Only the "eCall.MSD" value is mandatory
      to support.
   Example:      datatype="eCall.MSD"

   Name:         supported-values
   Usage:        Conditional
   Type:         string
   Direction:    Sent from the IVS to the PSAP
   Description:  Defined for extensibility.  Used in a <request> element
      that is a child of a <capability> element, this attribute lists
      all supported values of the action type.  Permitted values depend
      on the action value.  Multiple values are separated with a
      semicolon.  White space is ignored.  Documents that make use of it
      are expected to explain when it is required, the permitted values,
      and how it is used.

   Name:         requested-state
   Usage:        Conditional
   Type:         token
   Direction:    Sent from the PSAP to the IVS
   Description:  Defined for extension.  Indicates the requested state
      of an element associated with the request type.  Permitted values
      depend on the request type.  Documents that make use of it are
      expected to explain when it is required, the permitted values, and
      how it is used.






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   Name:         element-id
   Usage:        Conditional
   Type:         token
   Direction:    Sent from the PSAP to the IVS
   Description:  Defined for extension.  Identifies the element to be
      acted on.  Permitted values depend on the request type.  Documents
      that make use of it are expected to explain when it is required,
      the permitted values, and how it is used.

9.1.3.2.  Child Element of the <request> Element

   For extensibility, the <request> element has the following child
   element:

   Name:         text
   Usage:        Optional
   Type:         string
   Direction:    Sent from the PSAP to the IVS
   Description:  Defined for extension.

9.1.3.3.  Request Example

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <EmergencyCallData.Control
           xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control">

       <request action="send-data" datatype="eCall.MSD"/>

       </EmergencyCallData.Control>

                    Figure 5: <request> Element Example




















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10.  Examples

   Figure 6 illustrates an eCall.  The call uses the request URI
   urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic service URN and is recognized as an
   eCall, and further as one that was invoked automatically by the IVS
   due to a crash or other serious incident.  In this example, the
   originating network routes the call to an ESInet, which routes the
   call to the appropriate NG-eCall-capable PSAP.  The emergency call is
   received by the ESInet's Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP), as
   the entry point into the ESInet.  The ESRP routes the call to a PSAP,
   where it is received by a call taker.  In deployments where there is
   no ESInet, the originating network routes the call directly to the
   appropriate NG-eCall-capable PSAP, an illustration of which would be
   identical to the one below except without an ESInet or ESRP.

               +-----------+  +----------------------------------------+
               |           |  |                  +-------+             |
               |           |  |                  | PSAP2 |             |
               |           |  |                  +-------+             |
               |           |  |                                        |
               |           |  |   +------+   +----------------------+  |
     Vehicle-->|           |--|-->| ESRP |-->| PSAP1 --> Call Taker |  |
               |           |  |   +------+   +----------------------+  |
               |           |  |                                        |
               |           |  |                  +-------+             |
               |           |  |                  | PSAP3 |             |
               |Originating|  |                  +-------+             |
               |  Mobile   |  |                                        |
               |  Network  |  |                ESInet                  |
               +-----------+  +----------------------------------------+

                Figure 6: Example of NG-eCall Message Flow



















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   Figure 7 illustrates an eCall call flow with a mid-call PSAP request
   for an updated MSD.  The call flow shows the IVS initiating an
   emergency call, including the MSD in the INVITE.  The PSAP includes
   in the 200 OK response a metadata/control object acknowledging
   receipt of the MSD.  During the call, the PSAP sends a request for an
   MSD in an INFO request.  The IVS sends the requested MSD in a new
   INFO request.

            IVS                                         PSAP
             |(1) INVITE (eCall MSD)                      |
             |------------------------------------------->|
             |                                            |
             |(2) 200 OK (eCall metadata [ack MSD])       |
             |<-------------------------------------------|
             |                                            |
             |(3) start media stream(s)                   |
             |............................................|
             |                                            |
             |(4) INFO (eCall metadata [request MSD])     |
             |<-------------------------------------------|
             |                                            |
             |(5) 200 OK                                  |
             |------------------------------------------->|
             |                                            |
             |(6) INFO (eCall MSD)                        |
             |------------------------------------------->|
             |                                            |
             |(7) 200 OK                                  |
             |<-------------------------------------------|
             |                                            |
             |(8) BYE                                     |
             |<-------------------------------------------|
             |                                            |
             |(9) end media streams                       |
             |............................................|
             |                                            |
             |(10) 200 OK                                 |
             |------------------------------------------->|

                 Figure 7: NG-eCall Call Flow Illustration











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   Figure 8 illustrates a SIP eCall INVITE request containing an MSD.
   For simplicity, the example does not show all SIP headers, nor the
   Session Description Protocol (SDP) contents, nor does it show any
   additional data blocks added by the IVS or the originating mobile
   network.  Because the MSD is encoded in ASN.1 PER, which is a binary
   encoding, its contents cannot be included in a text document.

      INVITE urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic SIP/2.0
      To: urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic
      From: <sip:+13145551111@example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
      Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
      Geolocation: <cid:target123@example.com>
      Geolocation-Routing: no
      Call-Info: <cid:1234567890@atlanta.example.com>;
                 purpose=EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml,
              application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml
      CSeq: 31862 INVITE
      Recv-Info: EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Allow: INVITE, ACK, PRACK, INFO, OPTIONS, CANCEL, REFER, BYE,
             SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, UPDATE
      Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1
      Content-Length: ...

      --boundary1
      Content-Type: application/sdp

           ...Session Description Protocol (SDP) goes here...

      --boundary1
      Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
      Content-ID: <target123@example.com>
      Content-Disposition: by-reference;handling=optional

            ...PIDF-LO goes here...

      --boundary1
      Content-Type: application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Content-ID: <1234567890@atlanta.example.com>
      Content-Disposition: by-reference;handling=optional

           ...MSD in ASN.1 PER encoding goes here...

       --boundary1--

                       Figure 8: SIP NG-eCall INVITE





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   Continuing the example, Figure 9 illustrates a SIP 200 OK response to
   the INVITE request of Figure 8, containing a metadata/control block
   acknowledging successful receipt of the eCall MSD.  (For simplicity,
   the example does not show all SIP headers.)

      SIP/2.0 200 OK
      To: urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic;tag=8gydfe65t0
      From: <sip:+13145551111@example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
      Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
      Call-Info: <cid:2345678901@atlanta.example.com>;
                 purpose=EmergencyCallData.Control
      Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml,
              application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml,
              application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      CSeq: 31862 INVITE
      Recv-Info: EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Allow: INVITE, ACK, PRACK, INFO, OPTIONS, CANCEL, REFER, BYE,
             SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, UPDATE
      Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundaryX
      Content-Length: ...

      --boundaryX
      Content-Type: application/sdp

           ...Session Description Protocol (SDP) goes here...

      --boundaryX
      Content-Type: application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml
      Content-ID: <2345678901@atlanta.example.com>
      Content-Disposition: by-reference

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <EmergencyCallData.Control
          xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control">

      <ack received="true" ref="1234567890@atlanta.example.com"/>
      </EmergencyCallData.Control>

      --boundaryX--

                    Figure 9: 200 OK Response to INVITE










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   Figure 10 illustrates a SIP INFO request containing a metadata/
   control block requesting an eCall MSD.  (For simplicity, the example
   does not show all SIP headers.)

    INFO sip:+13145551111@example.com SIP/2.0
    To: <sip:+13145551111@example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
    From: Exemplar PSAP <urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic>;tag=8gydfe65t0
    Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
    Call-Info: <cid:3456789012@atlanta.example.com>;
               purpose=EmergencyCallData.Control
    CSeq: 41862 INFO
    Info-Package: EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
    Allow: INVITE, ACK, PRACK, INFO, OPTIONS, CANCEL, REFER, BYE,
           SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, UPDATE
    Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundaryZZZ
    Content-Disposition: Info-Package
    Content-Length: ...

    --boundaryZZZ
    Content-Disposition: by-reference
    Content-Type: application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml
    Content-ID: <3456789012@atlanta.example.com>

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <EmergencyCallData.Control
        xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control">

    <request action="send-data" datatype="eCall.MSD"/>

    </EmergencyCallData.Control>
     --boundaryZZZ--

                      Figure 10: INFO Requesting MSD


















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   Figure 11 illustrates a SIP INFO request containing an MSD.  For
   simplicity, the example does not show all SIP headers.  Because the
   MSD is encoded in ASN.1 PER, which is a binary encoding, its contents
   cannot be included in a text document.

      INFO urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic SIP/2.0
      To: urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic;tag=8gydfe65t0
      From: <sip:+13145551111@example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
      Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
      Call-Info: <cid:4567890123@atlanta.example.com>;
                 purpose=EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      CSeq: 51862 INFO
      Info-Package: EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Allow: INVITE, ACK, PRACK, INFO, OPTIONS, CANCEL, REFER, BYE,
             SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, UPDATE
      Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundaryLine
      Content-Disposition: Info-Package
      Content-Length: ...

      --boundaryLine
      Content-Type: application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      Content-ID: <4567890123@atlanta.example.com>
      Content-Disposition: by-reference

           ...MSD in ASN.1 PER encoding goes here...

      --boundaryLine--

                      Figure 11: INFO Containing MSD

11.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations described in [RFC5069] (on marking and
   routing emergency calls) apply here.

   In addition to any network-provided location (which might be
   determined solely by the network or in cooperation with or possibly
   entirely by the originating device), an eCall carries an IVS-supplied
   location within the MSD.  This is likely to be useful to the PSAP,
   especially when no network-provided location is included, or when the
   two locations are independently determined.  Even in situations where
   the network-supplied location is limited to the cell site, this can
   be useful as a sanity check on the device-supplied location contained
   in the MSD.







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   The document [RFC7378] discusses trust issues regarding location
   provided by or determined in cooperation with end devices.

   Security considerations specific to the mechanism by which the PSAP
   sends acknowledgments and requests to the vehicle are discussed in
   the "Security Considerations" block of Section 14.4.  Note that an
   attacker that has access to and is capable of generating a response
   to the initial INVITE request could generate a 600 (Busy Everywhere),
   486 (Busy Here), or 603 (Decline) response that includes a metadata/
   control object containing a reference to the MSD in the initial
   INVITE and a "received=true" field, which could result in the IVS
   perceiving the PSAP to be overloaded and hence not attempting to
   reinitiate the call.  The risk can be mitigated as discussed in the
   "Security Considerations" block of Section 14.4.

   Data received from external sources inherently carries implementation
   risks.  For example, depending on the platform, buffer overflows can
   introduce remote code execution vulnerabilities, null characters can
   corrupt strings, numeric values used for internal calculations can
   result in underflow/overflow errors, malformed XML objects can expose
   parsing bugs, etc.  Implementations need to be cognizant of the
   potential risks, observe best practices (which might include
   sufficiently capable static code analysis, fuzz testing, component
   isolation, avoiding use of unsafe coding techniques, third-party
   attack tests, signed software, over-the-air updates, etc.), and have
   multiple levels of protection.  Implementors need to be aware that,
   potentially, the data objects described here and elsewhere (including
   the MSD and metadata/control objects) might be malformed, contain
   unexpected characters, have excessively long attribute values and
   elements, etc.

   The security considerations discussed in [RFC7852] apply here (see
   especially the discussion of Transport Layer Security (TLS), TLS
   versions, cipher suites, and PKI).

   When vehicle data or control/metadata is contained in a signed or
   encrypted body part, the enclosing multipart (e.g., multipart/signed
   or multipart/encrypted) has the same Content-ID as the enclosed data
   part.  This allows an entity to identify and access the data blocks
   it is interested in without having to dive deeply into the message
   structure or decrypt parts it is not interested in.  (The "purpose"
   parameter in a Call-Info header field identifies the data and
   contains a CID URL pointing to the data block in the body, which has
   a matching Content-ID body part header field.)







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12.  Privacy Considerations

   The privacy considerations discussed in [RFC7852] apply here.  The
   MSD carries some identifying and personal information (mostly about
   the vehicle and less about the owner), as well as location
   information, so it needs to be protected against unauthorized
   disclosure.  Local regulations may impose additional privacy
   protection requirements.

   Privacy considerations specific to the data structure containing
   vehicle information are discussed in the "Security Considerations"
   block of Section 14.3.

   Privacy considerations specific to the mechanism by which the PSAP
   sends acknowledgments and requests to the vehicle are discussed in
   the "Security Considerations" block of Section 14.4.

13.  XML Schema

   This section defines an XML schema for the control block.  The text
   description of the control block in Section 9.1 is normative and
   supersedes any conflicting aspect of this schema.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <xs:schema
      targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control"
      xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
      xmlns:pi="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control"
      xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
      elementFormDefault="qualified"
      attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

        <xs:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"/>

        <xs:element name="EmergencyCallData.Control"
                    type="pi:controlType"/>

        <xs:complexType name="controlType">
           <xs:complexContent>
              <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
                 <xs:choice>
                    <xs:element name="capabilities"
                                type="pi:capabilitiesType"/>
                    <xs:element name="request" type="pi:requestType"/>
                    <xs:element name="ack" type="pi:ackType"/>






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                    <xs:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"
                            minOccurs="0"
                            maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                 </xs:choice>
                 <xs:anyAttribute/>
              </xs:restriction>
           </xs:complexContent>
        </xs:complexType>

        <xs:complexType name="ackType">
            <xs:complexContent>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
                    <xs:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                        <xs:element name="actionResult" minOccurs="0"
                                    maxOccurs="unbounded">
                            <xs:complexType>
                                <xs:attribute name="action"
                                              type="xs:token"
                                              use="required"/>
                                <xs:attribute name="success"
                                              type="xs:boolean"
                                              use="required"/>
                                <xs:attribute name="reason"
                                              type="xs:token">
                                    <xs:annotation>
                                        <xs:documentation>
                                            conditionally mandatory
                                            when @success="false"
                                            to indicate reason code
                                            for a failure
                                        </xs:documentation>
                                    </xs:annotation>
                                </xs:attribute>
                                <xs:attribute name="details"
                                              type="xs:string"/>
                                <xs:anyAttribute
                                    processContents="skip"/>
                            </xs:complexType>
                        </xs:element>
                        <xs:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"
                                minOccurs="0"
                                maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
                    <xs:attribute name="ref"
                                  type="xs:anyURI"
                                  use="required"/>





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                    <xs:attribute name="received"
                                  type="xs:boolean"/>
                    <xs:anyAttribute/>
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:complexContent>
        </xs:complexType>

        <xs:complexType name="capabilitiesType">
            <xs:complexContent>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
                    <xs:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                        <xs:element name="request"
                                    type="pi:requestType"
                                    minOccurs="1"
                            maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                        <xs:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"
                                 minOccurs="0"
                            maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                    </xs:sequence>
                    <xs:anyAttribute/>
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:complexContent>
        </xs:complexType>

        <xs:complexType name="requestType">
           <xs:complexContent>
                <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
                    <xs:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                        <xs:element name="text" minOccurs="0"
                                    maxOccurs="unbounded">
                            <xs:complexType>
                                <xs:simpleContent>
                                    <xs:extension base="xs:string">
                                        <xs:anyAttribute
                                            namespace="##any"
                                            processContents="skip"/>
                                    </xs:extension>
                                </xs:simpleContent>
                            </xs:complexType>
                        </xs:element>
                        <xs:any namespace="##any" processContents="lax"
                                minOccurs="0"
                                maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                    </xs:choice>
                    <xs:attribute name="action" type="xs:token"
                                  use="required"/>





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                    <xs:attribute name="int-id" type="xs:unsignedInt"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="persistence"
                                  type="xs:duration"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="datatype" type="xs:token"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="supported-values"
                                  type="xs:string"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="element-id" type="xs:token"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="requested-state"
                                  type="xs:token"/>
                    <xs:anyAttribute/>
                </xs:restriction>
            </xs:complexContent>
        </xs:complexType>

    </xs:schema>

                      Figure 12: Control Block Schema

14.  IANA Considerations

14.1.  The EmergencyCallData Media Subtree

   This document establishes the "EmergencyCallData" media (MIME)
   subtype tree, a new media subtree rooted at "application/
   EmergencyCallData".  This subtree is used only for content associated
   with emergency communications.  New subtypes in this subtree follow
   the rules specified in Section 3.1 of [RFC6838], with the additional
   restriction that the standards-related organization MUST be
   responsible for some aspect of emergency communications.

   This subtree initially contains the following subtypes (defined here
   or in [RFC7852]):

      EmergencyCallData.Comment+xml
      EmergencyCallData.Control+xml
      EmergencyCallData.DeviceInfo+xml
      EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD
      EmergencyCallData.ProviderInfo+xml
      EmergencyCallData.ServiceInfo+xml
      EmergencyCallData.SubscriberInfo+xml











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14.2.  Service URN Registrations

   IANA has registered the URN urn:service:sos.ecall under the "'sos'
   Sub-Services" registry defined in Section 4.2 of [RFC5031].

   This service requests resources associated with an emergency call
   placed by an in-vehicle system, carrying a standardized set of data
   related to the vehicle and incident.  The "Description" registry
   field is "Vehicle-initiated emergency calls".  Two sub-services are
   registered as well:

   urn:service:sos.ecall.automatic

      Used with an eCall invoked automatically, for example, due to a
      crash or other serious incident.  The "Description" registry field
      is "Automatic vehicle-initiated emergency calls".

   urn:service:sos.ecall.manual

      Used with an eCall invoked due to manual interaction by a vehicle
      occupant.  The "Description" registry field is "Manual vehicle-
      initiated emergency calls".

   IANA has also registered the URN urn:service:test.sos.ecall under the
   "'test' Sub-Services" registry defined in Section 17.2 of [RFC6881].
   This service requests resources associated with a test (non-
   emergency) call placed by an in-vehicle system.  See Section 8 for
   more information on the test eCall request URN.

14.3.  MIME Media Type Registration for application/
       EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD

   IANA has added application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD as a MIME
   media type, with a reference to this document, in accordance with the
   procedures of RFC 6838 [RFC6838] and guidelines in RFC 7303
   [RFC7303].

      MIME media type name:  application

      MIME subtype name:  EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD

      Mandatory parameters:  none

      Optional parameters:  none

      Encoding scheme:  binary





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      Encoding considerations:
         Uses ASN.1 PER, which is a binary encoding; when transported in
         SIP, binary content transfer encoding is used.

      Security considerations:
         This media type is designed to carry vehicle and incident-
         related data during an emergency call.  This data contains
         personal information including vehicle VIN, location,
         direction, etc.  Appropriate precautions need to be taken to
         limit unauthorized access, inappropriate disclosure to third
         parties, and eavesdropping of this information.  Sections 9 and
         10 of [RFC7852] contain more discussion.

      Interoperability considerations:   None

      Published specification:   Annex A of EN 15722 [MSD]

      Applications which use this media type:
         Pan-European eCall compliant systems

      Additional information:   None

      Magic Number:   None

      File Extension:   None

      Macintosh file type code:   BINA

      Person and email address for further information:
         Randall Gellens, rg+ietf@randy.pensive.org

      Intended usage:   LIMITED USE

      Author:   The MSD specification was produced by the European
         Committee For Standardization (CEN).  For contact information,
         please see <http://www.cen.eu/cen/Pages/contactus.aspx>.

      Change controller:   The European Committee For Standardization
         (CEN)

14.4.  MIME Media Type Registration for application/
       EmergencyCallData.Control+xml

   IANA has added application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml as a MIME
   media type, with a reference to this document, in accordance to the
   procedures of RFC 6838 [RFC6838] and guidelines in RFC 7303
   [RFC7303].




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      MIME media type name:  application

      MIME subtype name:  EmergencyCallData.Control+xml

      Mandatory parameters:  none

      Optional parameters:  charset

         Indicates the character encoding of the XML content.

      Encoding considerations:
         Uses XML, which can employ 8-bit characters, depending on the
         character encoding used.  See Section 3.2 of RFC 7303
         [RFC7303].

      Security considerations:
         This media type carries metadata and control information and
         requests, such as from a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)
         to an In-Vehicle System (IVS) during an emergency call.

         Metadata (such as an acknowledgment that data sent by the IVS
         to the PSAP was successfully received) has limited privacy and
         security implications.  Control information (such as requests
         from the PSAP that the vehicle perform an action) has some
         privacy and security implications.  The privacy concern arises
         from the ability to request the vehicle to transmit a data set,
         which as described in Section 14.3 can contain personal
         information.  The security concern is the ability to request
         the vehicle to perform an action.  Control information needs to
         originate only from a PSAP or other emergency services
         providers and not be modified en route.  The level of integrity
         of the cellular network over which the emergency call is placed
         is a consideration: when the IVS initiates an eCall over a
         cellular network, in most cases it relies on the MNO to route
         the call to a PSAP.  (Calls placed using other means, such as
         Wi-Fi or over-the-top services, generally incur somewhat higher
         levels of risk than calls placed "natively" using cellular
         networks.)  A callback from a PSAP merits additional
         consideration, since current mechanisms are not ideal for
         verifying that such a call is indeed a callback from a PSAP in
         response to an emergency call placed by the IVS.  See the
         discussion in Section 11 and the PSAP Callback document
         [RFC7090].

         Sections 7 and 8 of [RFC7852] contain more discussion.

      Interoperability considerations:   None




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      Published specification:   This document

      Applications which use this media type:
         Pan-European eCall compliant systems

      Additional information:   None

      Magic Number:   None

      File Extension:   .xml

      Macintosh file type code:   TEXT

      Person and email address for further information:
         Randall Gellens, rg+ietf@randy.pensive.org

      Intended usage:   LIMITED USE

      Author:   The IETF ECRIT working group

      Change controller:   The IETF ECRIT working group

14.5.  Registration of the "eCall.MSD" Entry in the Emergency Call Data
       Types Registry

   IANA has added the "eCall.MSD" entry to the "Emergency Call Data
   Types" registry, with a reference to this document; the "Data About"
   value is "The Call".

14.6.  Registration of the "Control" Entry in the Emergency Call Data
       Types Registry

   IANA has added the "Control" entry to the "Emergency Call Data Types"
   registry, with a reference to this document; the "Data About" value
   is "The Call".

14.7.  Registration for urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control

   This section registers a new XML namespace, as per the guidelines in
   RFC 3688 [RFC3688].

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:EmergencyCallData:control

   Registrant Contact:  IETF, ECRIT working group, <ecrit@ietf.org>, as
      delegated by the IESG <iesg@ietf.org>.






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   XML:

     BEGIN
     <?xml version="1.0"?>
     <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
          "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
     <head>
          <meta http-equiv="content-type"
                content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
          <title>Namespace for Emergency Call Data Control Block</title>
     </head>
     <body>
          <h1>Namespace for Emergency Call Data Control Block</h1>
     <p>See RFC 8147</p>
     </body>
     </html>
     END

14.8.  Registry Creation

   This document creates a new registry called "Emergency Call Metadata/
   Control Data".  The following sub-registries are created for this
   registry.

14.8.1.  Emergency Call Actions Registry

   This document creates a new sub-registry called "Emergency Call
   Actions".  As defined in [RFC5226], this registry operates under
   "Expert Review" rules.  The expert should determine that the proposed
   action is within the purview of a vehicle, is sufficiently
   distinguishable from other actions, and is clearly and fully
   described.  In most cases, a published and stable document is
   referenced for the description of the action.

   The content of this registry includes:

   Name:  The identifier to be used in the "action" attribute of a
      control <request> element.

   Description:  A description of the action.  In most cases, this will
      be a reference to a published and stable document.  The
      description MUST specify if any attributes or child elements are
      optional or mandatory and describe the action to be taken by the
      vehicle.

   The initial set of values is listed in Table 1.




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           +-----------+--------------------------------------+
           |    Name   |             Description              |
           +-----------+--------------------------------------+
           | send-data | See Section 9.1.3.1 of this document |
           +-----------+--------------------------------------+

          Table 1: Emergency Call Actions Registry Initial Values

14.8.2.  Emergency Call Action Failure Reasons Registry

   This document creates a new sub-registry called "Emergency Call
   Action Failure Reasons", which contains values for the "reason"
   attribute of the <actionResult> element.  As defined in [RFC5226],
   this registry operates under "Expert Review" rules.  The expert
   should determine that the proposed reason is sufficiently
   distinguishable from other reasons and that the proposed description
   is understandable and correctly worded.

   The content of this registry includes:

   ID:  A short string identifying the reason, for use in the "reason"
      attribute of an <actionResult> element.

   Description:  A description of the reason.

   The initial set of values is listed in Table 2.

   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | ID               | Description                                    |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | damaged          | Required components are damaged.               |
   |                  |                                                |
   | data-unsupported | The data item referenced in a "send-data"      |
   |                  | request is not supported.                      |
   |                  |                                                |
   | security-failure | The authenticity of the request or the         |
   |                  | authority of the requestor could not be        |
   |                  | verified.                                      |
   |                  |                                                |
   | unable           | The action could not be accomplished (a        |
   |                  | generic error for use when no other code is    |
   |                  | appropriate).                                  |
   |                  |                                                |
   | unsupported      | The "action" value is not supported.           |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+

      Table 2: Emergency Call Action Failure Reasons Registry Initial
                                  Values



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14.9.  The EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO Package

   This document registers the EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO package
   in the "Info Packages Registry".

   Both endpoints (the IVS and the PSAP equipment) include
   EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD in a Recv-Info header field per [RFC6086]
   to indicate the ability to receive INFO requests carrying data as
   described here.

   Support for the EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO package indicates
   the ability to receive eCall related body parts as specified in this
   document.

   An INFO request message carrying body parts related to an emergency
   call as described in this document has an Info-Package header field
   set to "EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD" per [RFC6086].

   The requirements of Section 10 of [RFC6086] are addressed in the
   following sections.

14.9.1.  Overall Description

   This section describes what type of information is carried in INFO
   requests associated with the INFO package and for what types of
   applications and functionalities User Agents (UAs) can use the INFO
   package.

   INFO requests associated with the EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO
   package carry data associated with emergency calls as defined in this
   document.  The application is vehicle-initiated emergency calls
   established using SIP.  The functionality is to carry vehicle data
   and metadata/control information between vehicles and PSAPs.

14.9.2.  Applicability

   This section describes why the INFO package mechanism, rather than
   some other mechanism, has been chosen for the specific use case.

   The use of the SIP INFO method is based on an analysis of the
   requirements against the intent and effects of the INFO method versus
   other approaches (which included the SIP MESSAGE method, the SIP
   OPTIONS method, the SIP re-INVITE method, media-plane transport, and
   non-SIP protocols).  In particular, the transport of emergency call
   data blocks occurs within a SIP emergency dialog, per Section 6, and
   is normally carried in the initial INVITE request and response; the
   use of the SIP INFO method only occurs when emergency-call-related
   data needs to be sent mid call.  While the SIP MESSAGE method could



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   be used, it is not tied to a SIP dialog as is the SIP INFO method and
   thus might not be associated with the dialog.  Either SIP OPTIONS or
   re-INVITE methods could also be used, but they are seen as less clean
   than the SIP INFO method.  The SIP SUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY method could be
   coerced into service, but the semantics are not a good fit, e.g., the
   subscribe/notify mechanism provides one-way communication consisting
   of (often multiple) notifications from notifier to subscriber
   indicating that certain events in notifier have occurred, whereas
   what's needed here is two-way communication of data related to the
   emergency dialog.  Use of media-plane mechanisms was discounted
   because the number of messages needing to be exchanged in a dialog is
   normally zero or very few, and the size of the data is likewise very
   small.  The overhead caused by user-plane setup (e.g., to use the
   Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) as transport) would be
   disproportionately large.

   Based on the analyses, the SIP INFO method was chosen to provide for
   mid-call data transport.

14.9.3.  INFO Package Name

   The INFO package name is EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD

14.9.4.  INFO Package Parameters

   None

14.9.5.  SIP Option-Tags

   None

14.9.6.  INFO Request Body Parts

   The body for an EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO package is a
   multipart (normally multipart/mixed) body containing zero or one
   application/EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD parts (containing an MSD) and
   zero or more application/EmergencyCallData.Control+xml (containing a
   metadata/control object) parts.  At least one MSD or metadata/control
   body part is expected; the behavior upon receiving an INFO request
   with neither is undefined.

   The body parts are sent per [RFC6086], and in addition, to align with
   how these body parts are sent in SIP messages other than INFO
   requests, each associated body part is referenced by a Call-Info
   header field at the top level of the SIP message.  The body part has
   a Content-Disposition header field set to "By-Reference".





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   An MSD or metadata/control block is always enclosed in a multipart
   body part (even if it would otherwise be the only body part in the
   SIP message).  The outermost multipart that contains only body parts
   associated with the INFO package has a Content-Disposition value of
   "Info-Package".

14.9.7.  INFO Package Usage Restrictions

   Usage is limited to vehicle-initiated emergency calls as defined in
   this document.

14.9.8.  Rate of INFO Requests

   The SIP INFO request is used within an established emergency call
   dialog for the PSAP to request the IVS to send an updated MSD and for
   the IVS to send a requested MSD.  Because this is normally done only
   on manual request of the PSAP call taker (who suspects some aspect of
   the vehicle state has changed), the rate of SIP INFO requests
   associated with the EmergencyCallData.eCall.MSD INFO package is
   normally quite low (most dialogs are likely to contain zero INFO
   requests, while others might carry an occasional request).

14.9.9.  INFO Package Security Considerations

   The MIME media type registrations specified for use with this INFO
   package (Sections 14.3 and 14.4) contain a discussion of the security
   and/or privacy considerations specific to that data block.  See
   Sections 11 and 12 for a discussion of the security and privacy
   considerations of the data carried in eCalls.

14.9.10.  Implementation Details

   See Sections 6 and 7 for protocol details.

14.9.11.  Examples

   See Section 10 for protocol examples.














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15.  References

15.1.  Normative References

   [MSD]      European Committee for Standardization, "Intelligent
              transport systems - eSafety - eCall minimum set of data
              (MSD)", Standard: CEN - EN 15722, April 2015.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC5031]  Schulzrinne, H., "A Uniform Resource Name (URN) for
              Emergency and Other Well-Known Services", RFC 5031,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5031, January 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5031>.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5226>.

   [RFC6086]  Holmberg, C., Burger, E., and H. Kaplan, "Session
              Initiation Protocol (SIP) INFO Method and Package
              Framework", RFC 6086, DOI 10.17487/RFC6086, January 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6086>.

   [RFC6838]  Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
              Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13,
              RFC 6838, DOI 10.17487/RFC6838, January 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.

   [RFC6881]  Rosen, B. and J. Polk, "Best Current Practice for
              Communications Services in Support of Emergency Calling",
              BCP 181, RFC 6881, DOI 10.17487/RFC6881, March 2013,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6881>.

   [RFC7303]  Thompson, H. and C. Lilley, "XML Media Types", RFC 7303,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7303, July 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7303>.






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   [RFC7852]  Gellens, R., Rosen, B., Tschofenig, H., Marshall, R., and
              J. Winterbottom, "Additional Data Related to an Emergency
              Call", RFC 7852, DOI 10.17487/RFC7852, July 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7852>.

15.2.  Informative references

   [CEN]      "European Committee for Standardization (CEN)",
              <http://www.cen.eu>.

   [EN_16062] European Committee for Standardization, "Intelligent
              transport systems - eSafety - eCall High Level Application
              Requirements (HLAP) Using GSM/UMTS Circuit Switched
              Networks", Standard: CEN - EN 16062, April 2015.

   [EN_16072] European Committee for Standardization, "Intelligent
              transport systems - eSafety - Pan-European eCall operating
              requirements", Standard: CEN - EN 16072, April 2015.

   [MSG_TR]   ETSI, "Mobile Standards Group (MSG); eCall for VoIP",
              ETSI TR 103 140 V1.1.1, April 2014.

   [RFC5012]  Schulzrinne, H. and R. Marshall, Ed., "Requirements for
              Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies",
              RFC 5012, DOI 10.17487/RFC5012, January 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5012>.

   [RFC5069]  Taylor, T., Ed., Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and M.
              Shanmugam, "Security Threats and Requirements for
              Emergency Call Marking and Mapping", RFC 5069,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5069, January 2008,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5069>.

   [RFC6443]  Rosen, B., Schulzrinne, H., Polk, J., and A. Newton,
              "Framework for Emergency Calling Using Internet
              Multimedia", RFC 6443, DOI 10.17487/RFC6443, December
              2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6443>.

   [RFC7090]  Schulzrinne, H., Tschofenig, H., Holmberg, C., and M.
              Patel, "Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) Callback",
              RFC 7090, DOI 10.17487/RFC7090, April 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7090>.

   [RFC7378]  Tschofenig, H., Schulzrinne, H., and B. Aboba, Ed.,
              "Trustworthy Location", RFC 7378, DOI 10.17487/RFC7378,
              December 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7378>.





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RFC 8147                  Next-Generation eCall                 May 2017


   [RFC8148]  Gellens, R., Rosen, B., and H. Tschofenig, "Next-
              Generation Vehicle-Initiated Emergency Calls", RFC 8148,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8148, May 2017,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8148>.

   [SDO-3GPP] "3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)",
              <http://www.3gpp.org/>.

   [SDO-ETSI] "European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)",
              <http://www.etsi.org>.

   [TS22.101] 3GPP, "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
              Service aspects; Service principles", 3GPP TS
              22.101, version 8.7.0, Release 8, January 2008.

   [TS23.167] 3GPP, "IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) emergency sessions",
              3GPP TS 23.167, version 9.6.0, Release 9, March 2011.

   [TS24.229] 3GPP, "IP multimedia call control protocol based on
              Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description
              Protocol (SDP); Stage 3", 3GPP TS 24.229, version 12.6.0,
              Release 12, October 2014.

Acknowledgments

   We would like to thank Bob Williams and Ban Al-Bakri for their
   feedback and suggestions; Rex Buddenberg, Lena Chaponniere, Alissa
   Cooper, Keith Drage, Stephen Edge, Wes George, Mirja Kuehlewind,
   Allison Mankin, Alexey Melnikov, Ivo Sedlacek, and James Winterbottom
   for their review and comments; Robert Sparks and Paul Kyzivat for
   their help with the SIP mechanisms; and Mark Baker and Ned Freed for
   their help with the media subtype registration issue.  We would like
   to thank Michael Montag, Arnoud van Wijk, Gunnar Hellstrom, and
   Ulrich Dietz for their help with the original document upon which
   this document is based.  Christer Holmberg deserves special mention
   for his many detailed reviews.

Contributors

   Brian Rosen was a co-author of the original document upon which this
   document is based.










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Authors' Addresses

   Randall Gellens
   Core Technology Consulting

   Email: rg+ietf@coretechnologyconsulting.com
   URI:   http://www.coretechnologyconsulting.com


   Hannes Tschofenig
   Individual

   Email: Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net
   URI:   http://www.tschofenig.priv.at





































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