path: root/doc/rfc/rfc9376.txt

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                      Q. Wang, Ed.
Request for Comments: 9376                               ZTE Corporation
Category: Informational                                 R. Valiveti, Ed.
ISSN: 2070-1721                                            Infinera Corp
                                                           H. Zheng, Ed.
                                                                  Huawei
                                                         H. van Helvoort
                                                          Hai Gaoming BV
                                                              S. Belotti
                                                                   Nokia
                                                              March 2023


 Applicability of GMPLS for beyond 100 Gbit/s Optical Transport Network

Abstract

   This document examines the applicability of using existing GMPLS
   routing and signaling mechanisms to set up Optical Data Unit-k (ODUk)
   Label Switched Paths (LSPs) over Optical Data Unit-Cn (ODUCn) links
   as defined in the 2020 version of ITU-T Recommendation G.709.

Status of This Memo

   This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
   published for informational purposes.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Not all documents
   approved by the IESG are candidates for any level of Internet
   Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9376.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction
   2.  OTN Terminology Used in This Document
   3.  Overview of OTUCn/ODUCn in G.709
     3.1.  OTUCn
       3.1.1.  OTUCn-M
     3.2.  ODUCn
     3.3.  Tributary Slot Granularity
     3.4.  Structure of OPUCn MSI with Payload Type 0x22
     3.5.  Client Signal Mappings
   4.  GMPLS Implications and Applicability
     4.1.  TE Link Representation
     4.2.  GMPLS Signaling
     4.3.  GMPLS Routing
   5.  IANA Considerations
   6.  Security Considerations
   7.  References
     7.1.  Normative References
     7.2.  Informative References
   Appendix A.  Possible Future Work
   Contributors
   Authors' Addresses

1.  Introduction

   The current GMPLS routing [RFC7138] and signaling [RFC7139]
   extensions support the control of the Optical Transport Network (OTN)
   signals and capabilities that were defined in the 2012 version of
   ITU-T Recommendation G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2012].

   In 2016, a new version of ITU-T Recommendation G.709 was published:
   [ITU-T_G709_2016].  This version introduced higher-rate Optical
   Transport Unit (OTU) and Optical Data Unit (ODU) signals, termed
   "OTUCn" and "ODUCn", respectively, which have a nominal rate of n*100
   Gbit/s.  According to the definition in [ITU-T_G709_2016], OTUCn and
   ODUCn perform only the digital section-layer role, and ODUCn supports
   only ODUk clients.  This document focuses on the use of existing
   GMPLS mechanisms to set up ODUk (e.g., ODUflex) Label Switched Paths
   (LSPs) over ODUCn links, independently from how these links have been
   set up.

   Because [ITU-T_G709_2020] does not introduce any new features to
   OTUCn and ODUCn compared to [ITU-T_G709_2016], this document first
   presents an overview of the OTUCn and ODUCn signals in
   [ITU-T_G709_2020] and then analyzes how the current GMPLS routing and
   signaling mechanisms can be utilized to set up ODUk (e.g., ODUflex)
   LSPs over ODUCn links.

   This document assumes that readers are familiar with OTN, GMPLS, and
   how GMPLS is applied in OTN.  As such, this document doesn't provide
   any background pertaining to OTN that include links with capacities
   of 100 Gbit/s or less; this background could be found in documents
   such as [RFC7062] and [RFC7096].  This document provides an overview
   of the data plane primitives that enable links with capacities
   greater than 100 Gbit/s and analyzes the extensions that would be
   required in the current GMPLS routing and signaling mechanisms to
   support evolution in OTN.

2.  OTN Terminology Used in This Document

   FlexO:  Flexible OTN information structure.  This information
      structure usually has a specific bitrate and frame format that
      consists of overhead and payload, which are used as a group for
      the transport of an OTUCn signal.

   LSP:  Label Switched Path

   MSI:  Multiplex Structure Indicator.  This structure indicates the
      grouping of the tributary slots in an OPU payload area that
      realizes a client signal, which is multiplexed into an OPU.  The
      individual clients multiplexed into the OPU payload area are
      distinguished by the Tributary Port Number (TPN).

   ODU:  Optical Data Unit.  An ODU has the frame structure and
      overhead, as defined in Figure 12-1 of [ITU-T_G709_2020].  ODUs
      can be formed in two ways: a) by encapsulating a single non-OTN
      client, such as SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network /
      Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) or Ethernet, or b) by multiplexing
      lower-rate ODUs.  In general, the ODU layer represents the path
      layer in OTN.  The only exception is the ODUCn signal (defined
      below), which is defined to be a section-layer signal.  In the
      classification based on bitrates of the ODU signals, ODUs are of
      two types: fixed rate and flexible rate.  Flexible-rate ODUs,
      called "ODUflex", have a rate that is 239/238 times the bitrate of
      the client signal they encapsulate.

   ODUC:  Optical Data Unit-C.  This signal has a bandwidth of
      approximately 100 Gbit/s and is of a slightly higher bitrate than
      the fixed rate ODU4 signal.  This signal has the format defined in
      Figure 12-1 of [ITU-T_G709_2020].  This signal represents the
      building block for constructing a higher-rate signal called
      "ODUCn" (defined below).

   ODUCn:  Optical Data Unit-Cn, where Cn indicates the bitrate of
      approximately n*100 Gbit/s.  This frame structure consists of "n"
      interleaved frame and multiframe synchronous instances of the ODUC
      signal, each of which has the format defined in Figure 12-1 of
      [ITU-T_G709_2020].

   ODUflex:  Optical Data Unit - flexible rate.  An ODUflex has the same
      frame structure as a "generic" ODU but with a rate that is a fixed
      multiple of the bitrate of the client signal it encapsulates.
      [ITU-T_G709_2020] defines specific ODUflex containers that are
      required to transport specific clients such as 50GE, 200GE, 400GE,
      etc.

   ODUk:  Optical Data Unit-k, where k is one of {0, 1, 2, 2e, 3, 4}.
      The term "ODUk" refers to an ODU whose bitrate is fully specified
      by the index k.  The bitrates of the ODUk signal for k = {0, 1, 2,
      2e, 3, 4} are approximately 1.25 Gbit/s, 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s,
      10.3 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s, and 100 Gbit/s, respectively.

   OPUC:  Optical Payload Unit-C.  This signal has a payload of
      approximately 100 Gbit/s.  This structure represents the payload
      area of the ODUC signal.

   OPUCn:  Optical Payload Unit-Cn, where Cn indicates that the bitrate
      is approximately n*100 Gbit/s.  This structure represents the
      payload area of the ODUCn signal.

   OTN:  Optical Transport Network

   OTUC:  Optical Transport Unit-C.  This signal has a bandwidth of
      approximately 100 Gbit/s.  This signal forms the building block of
      the OTUCn signal defined below, which has a bandwidth of
      approximately n*100 Gbit/s.

   OTUCn:  Fully standardized Optical Transport Unit-Cn.  This frame
      structure is realized by extending the ODUCn signal with the OTU
      layer overhead.  The structure of this signal is illustrated in
      Figure 11-4 of [ITU-T_G709_2020].  Note that the term "fully
      standardized" is defined by ITU-T in Section 6.1.1 of
      [ITU-T_G709_2020].

   OTUCn-M:  This signal is an extension of the OTUCn signal introduced
      above.  This signal contains the same amount of overhead as the
      OTUCn signal but contains a reduced amount of payload area.
      Specifically, the payload area consists of M tributary slots (each
      5 Gbit/s), where M is less than 20*n, which is the number of
      tributary slots in the OTUCn signal.

   PSI:  Payload Structure Indicator.  This is a 256-byte signal that
      describes the composition of the OPU signal.  This field is a
      concatenation of the payload type (PT) and the Multiplex Structure
      Indicator (MSI) defined below.

   TPN:  Tributary Port Number.  The tributary port number is used to
      indicate the port number of the client signal that is being
      transported in one specific tributary slot.

   Detailed descriptions for some of these terms can be found in
   [ITU-T_G709_2020].

3.  Overview of OTUCn/ODUCn in G.709

   This section provides an overview of the OTUCn/ODUCn signals defined
   in [ITU-T_G709_2020].  The text in this section is purely descriptive
   and is not normative.  For a full description of OTUCn/ODUCn signals,
   please refer to [ITU-T_G709_2020].  In the event of any discrepancy
   between this text and [ITU-T_G709_2020], that other document is
   definitive.

3.1.  OTUCn

   In order to carry client signals with rates greater than 100 Gbit/s,
   [ITU-T_G709_2020] takes a general and scalable approach that
   decouples the rates of OTU signals from the client rate.  The new OTU
   signal is called "OTUCn", and this signal is defined to have a rate
   of (approximately) n*100 Gbit/s.  The following are the key
   characteristics of the OTUCn signal:

   *  The OTUCn signal contains one ODUCn.  The OTUCn and ODUCn signals
      perform digital section-layer roles only (see Section 6.1.1 of
      [ITU-T_G709_2020])

   *  The OTUCn signals are formed by interleaving n synchronous OTUC
      signals (which are labeled 1, 2, ..., n).

   *  Each of the OTUC instances has the same overhead as the standard
      OTUk signal in [ITU-T_G709_2020].  Note that the OTUC signal
      doesn't include the Forward Error Correction (FEC) columns
      illustrated in Figure 11-1 of [ITU-T_G709_2020].  The OTUC signal
      includes an ODUC.

   *  The OTUC signal has a slightly higher rate compared to the OTU4
      signal (without FEC); this is to ensure that the OPUC payload area
      can carry an ODU4 signal.

   *  The combined signal OTUCn has n instances of OTUC overhead and n
      instances of ODUC overhead.

   The OTUCn, ODUCn, and OPUCn signal structures are presented in a
   (physical) interface-independent manner, by means of n OTUC, ODUC,
   and OPUC instances that are marked #1 to #n.

   OTUCn interfaces can be categorized as follows, based on the type of
   peer network element:

   inter-domain interfaces:  These types of interfaces are used for
      connecting OTN edge nodes to (a) client equipment (e.g., routers)
      or (b) hand-off points from other OTN.  ITU-T Recommendation
      G709.1 [ITU-T_G709.1] specifies a flexible interoperable short-
      reach OTN interface over which an OTUCn (n >=1) is transferred,
      using bonded Flexible OTN information structure (FlexO)
      interfaces, which belong to a FlexO group.

   intra-domain interfaces:  In these cases, the OTUCn is transported
      using a proprietary (vendor-specific) encapsulation, FEC, etc.  It
      is also possible to transport OTUCn for intra-domain links using
      FlexO.

3.1.1.  OTUCn-M

   The standard OTUCn signal has the same rate as the ODUCn signal.
   This implies that the OTUCn signal can only be transported over
   wavelength groups that have a total capacity of multiples of
   (approximately) 100 Gbit/s.  Modern optical interfaces support a
   variety of bitrates per wavelength, depending on the reach
   requirements for the optical path.  If the total rate of the ODUk
   LSPs planned to be carried over an ODUCn link is smaller than n*100
   Gbit/s, it is possible to "crunch" the OTUCn, and the unused
   tributary slots are thus not transmitted.  [ITU-T_G709_2020] supports
   the notion of a reduced-rate OTUCn signal, termed "OTUCn-M".  The
   OTUCn-M signal is derived from the OTUCn signal by retaining all the
   n instances of overhead (one per OTUC instance) but with only M (M is
   less than 20*n) OPUCn tributary slots available to carry ODUk LSPs.

3.2.  ODUCn

   The ODUCn signal defined in [ITU-T_G709_2020] can be viewed as being
   formed by the appropriate interleaving of content from n ODUC signal
   instances.  The ODUC frames have the same structure as a standard ODU
   in the sense that the frames have the same overhead and payload areas
   but have a higher rate since their payload area can embed an ODU4
   signal.

   The ODUCn is a multiplex section ODU signal and is mapped into an
   OTUCn signal, which provides the regenerator section layer.  In some
   scenarios, the ODUCn and OTUCn signals will be coterminated, i.e.,
   they will have identical source/sink locations (see Figure 1).  In
   Figure 1, the term "OTN Switch" has the same meaning as that used in
   Section 3 of [RFC7138].  [ITU-T_G709_2020] allows for the ODUCn
   signal to pass through one or more digital regenerator nodes (shown
   as nodes B and C in Figure 2), which will terminate the OTUCn layer
   but will pass the regenerated (but otherwise untouched) ODUCn towards
   a different OTUCn interface where a fresh OTUCn layer will be
   initiated.  This process is termed as "ODUCn regeneration" in
   Section 7.1 of [ITU-T_G872].  In this example, the ODUCn is carried
   by three OTUCn segments.

   Specifically, the OPUCn signal flows through these regenerators
   unchanged.  That is, the set of client signals, their TPNs, and
   tributary-slot allocations remains unchanged.

                      +--------+           +--------+
                      |        +-----------+        |
                      | OTN    |-----------| OTN    |
                      | Switch +-----------+ Switch |
                      | A      |           | B      |
                      |        +-----------+        |
                      +--------+           +--------+
                          <--------ODUCn------->
                           <-------OTUCn------>

                           Figure 1: ODUCn Signal

    +---------+        +--------+        +--------+          +--------+
    |         +--------+        |        |        +----------+        |
    | OTN     |--------| OTN    |        | OTN    |----------| OTN    |
    | Switch  +--------+ Regen  +--------+ Regen  +----------+ Switch |
    | A       |        | B      |        | C      |          | D      |
    |         +--------+        |        |        +----------+        |
    +---------+        +--------+        +--------+          +--------+

        <-------------------------ODUCn-------------------------->
         <---------------><-----------------><------------------>
              OTUCn              OTUCn               OTUCn

                     Figure 2: ODUCn Signal - Multi-Hop

3.3.  Tributary Slot Granularity

   [ITU-T_G709_2012] introduced the support for 1.25 Gbit/s granular
   tributary slots in OPU2, OPU3, and OPU4 signals.  [ITU-T_G709_2020]
   defined the OPUC with a 5 Gbit/s tributary slot granularity.  This
   means that the ODUCn signal has 20*n tributary slots (of 5 Gbit/s
   capacity).  The range of tributary port number (TPN) is 10*n instead
   of 20*n, which restricts the maximum client signals that could be
   carried over one single ODUC1.

3.4.  Structure of OPUCn MSI with Payload Type 0x22

   As mentioned above, the OPUCn signal has 20*n tributary slots (TSs)
   (each 5 Gbit/s).  The OPUCn MSI field has a fixed length of 40*n
   bytes and indicates the availability and occupation of each TS.  Two
   bytes are used for each of the 20*n tributary slots, and each such
   information structure has the following format (see Section 20.4.1 of
   [ITU-T_G709_2020]):

   *  The TS availability bit indicates if the tributary slot is
      available or unavailable.

   *  The TS occupation bit indicates if the tributary slot is allocated
      or unallocated.

   *  The tributary port number (14 bits) indicates the port number of
      the client signal that is being carried in this specific TS.  A
      flexible assignment of tributary port to tributary slots is
      possible.  Numbering of tributary ports is from 1 to 10*n.

   The concatenation of the OPUCn payload type (PT) and the MSI field is
   carried over the overhead byte designated as PSI in Figure 15-6 of
   [ITU-T_G709_2020].

3.5.  Client Signal Mappings

   The approach taken by the ITU-T to map non-OTN client signals to the
   appropriate ODU containers is as follows:

   *  All client signals are mapped into an ODUj or ODUk (e.g., ODUflex)
      as specified in Section 17 of [ITU-T_G709_2020].

   *  The terms "ODUj" and "ODUk" are used in a multiplexing scenario,
      with ODUj being a low-order ODU that is multiplexed into ODUk, a
      high-order ODU.  As Figure 3 illustrates, the ODUCn is also a
      high-order ODU into which other ODUs can be multiplexed.  The
      ODUCn itself cannot be multiplexed into any higher-rate ODU
      signal; it is defined to be a section-level signal.

   *  ODUflex signals are low-order signals only.  If the ODUflex
      entities have rates of 100 Gbit/s or less, they can be transported
      over either an ODUk (k=1..4) or an ODUCn.  For ODUflex connections
      with rates greater than 100 Gbit/s, ODUCn is required.

   *  ODU Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) has been deprecated.  This
      simplifies the network and the supporting hardware since multiple
      different mappings for the same client are no longer necessary.
      Note that legacy implementations that transported sub-100 Gbit/s
      clients using ODU VCAT shall continue to be supported.

               Clients (e.g., SONET/SDH and Ethernet)

           |   |   |                           |   |   |
           |   |   |                           |   |   |
           |   |   |                           |   |   |
       +---+---+---+----+                      |   |   |
       |      OPUj      |                      |   |   |
       +----------------+                      |   |   |
       |      ODUj      |                      |   |   |
       +----------------+----------------------+---+---+----------+
       |                                                          |
       |                       OPUk                               |
       +----------------------------------------------------------+
       |                                                          |
       |                       ODUk       k in {0,1,2,2e,3,4,flex}|
       +-------------------------+-----+--------------------------+
       |                         |     |                          |
       | OTUk, OTUk-SC, OTUk-V   |     |          OPUCn           |
       +-------------------------+     +--------------------------+
                                       |                          |
                                       |          ODUCn           |
                                       +--------------------------+
                                       |                          |
                                       |          OTUCn           |
                                       +--------------------------+

     Figure 3: Digital Structure of OTN Interfaces (from Figure 6-1 of
                             [ITU-T_G709_2020])

4.  GMPLS Implications and Applicability

4.1.  TE Link Representation

   Section 3 of [RFC7138] describes how to represent G.709 OTUk/ODUk
   with TE links in GMPLS.  In the same manner, OTUCn links can also be
   represented as TE links.  Figure 4 provides an illustration of a one-
   hop OTUCn TE link.

                 +----------+                   +---------+
                 |  OTN     |                   |  OTN    |
                 |  Switch  +-------------------+  Switch |
                 |  A       |                   |  B      |
                 +----------+                   +---------+

                     |<---------OTUCn Link---------->|

                     |<---------TE Link------------->|

                      Figure 4: One-Hop OTUCn TE Link

   It is possible to create TE links that span more than one hop by
   creating forward adjacencies (FAs) between non-adjacent nodes (see
   Figure 5).  In Figure 5, nodes B and C are performing the ODUCn
   regeneration function described in Section 7.1 of [ITU-T_G872] and
   are not electrically switching the ODUCn signal from one interface to
   another.  As in the one-hop case, multi-hop TE links advertise the
   ODU switching capability.

   +--------+         +--------+          +--------+         +---------+
   | OTN    |         |  OTN   |          |  OTN   |         |  OTN    |
   | Switch |<------->|  Regen |<-------->|  Regen |<------->|  Switch |
   | A      |  OTUCn  |  B     |   OTUCn  |  C     |  OTUCn  |  D      |
   +--------+  Link   +--------+   Link   +--------+  Link   +---------+

          |<-------------------- ODUCn Link -------------------->|

          |<---------------------- TE Link --------------------->|

                     Figure 5: Multi-Hop ODUCn TE Link

   The two endpoints of a TE link are configured with the supported
   resource information (which may include whether the TE link is
   supported by an ODUCn, ODUk, or OTUk), as well as the link attribute
   information (e.g., slot granularity and list of available tributary
   slot).

4.2.  GMPLS Signaling

   Once the ODUCn TE link is configured, the GMPLS mechanisms defined in
   [RFC7139] can be reused to set up ODUk/ODUflex LSPs with no changes.
   As the resource on the ODUCn link that can be seen by the ODUk/
   ODUflex client signal is a set of 5 Gbit/s slots, the label defined
   in [RFC7139] is able to accommodate the requirement of the setup of
   an ODUk/ODUflex client signal over an ODUCn link.  In [RFC7139], the
   OTN-TDM GENERALIZED_LABEL object is used to indicate how the lower-
   order (LO) ODUj signal is multiplexed into the higher-order (HO) ODUk
   link.  In a similar manner, the OTN-TDM GENERALIZED_LABEL object is
   used to indicate how the ODUk signal is multiplexed into the ODUCn
   link.  The ODUk signal type is indicated by Traffic Parameters.  The
   IF_ID RSVP_HOP object provides a pointer to the interface associated
   with TE link; therefore, the two nodes terminating the TE link know
   (by internal/local configuration) the attributes of the ODUCn TE
   Link.

   The TPN defined in [ITU-T_G709_2020] (where it is referred to as
   "tributary port #") for an ODUCn link has 14 bits while this field in
   [RFC7139] only has 12 bits, so some extension work will eventually be
   needed.  Given that a 12-bit TPN field can support ODUCn links with
   up to n=400 (i.e., 40 Tbit/s links), this need is not urgent.

   The example in Figure 6 illustrates the label format defined in
   [RFC7139] for multiplexing ODU4 onto ODUC10.  One ODUC10 has 200
   slots (each 5 Gbit/s), and twenty of them are allocated to the ODU4.
   With this label encoding, only 20 out of the 200 bits mask are non-
   zero, which is very inefficient.  The inefficiency grows for larger
   values of "n", and an optimized label format may be desirable.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |       TPN = 3         |   Reserved    |     Length = 200      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|               Padding Bits(0)                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                           Figure 6: Label Format

4.3.  GMPLS Routing

   For routing, it is deemed that no extension to the current mechanisms
   defined in [RFC7138] is needed.

   The ODUCn link, which is the lowest layer of the ODU multiplexing
   hierarchy involving multiple ODU layers, is assumed to have been
   already configured when GMPLS is used to set up ODUk over ODUCn;
   therefore, the resources that need to be advertised are the resources
   that are exposed by this ODUCn link and the ODUk multiplexing
   hierarchy on it.  The 5 Gbit/s OPUCn time slots do not need to be
   advertised, while the 1.25 Gbit/s and 2.5 Gbit/s OPUk time slots need
   to be advertised using the mechanisms already defined in [RFC7138].

   Since there is a 1:1 correspondence between the ODUCn and the OTUCn
   signal, there is no need to explicitly define a new value to
   represent the ODUCn signal type in the OSPF-TE routing protocol.

5.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

6.  Security Considerations

   This document analyzes the applicability of protocol extensions in
   [RFC7138] and [RFC7139] for use in the 2020 version of ITU-T
   Recommendation G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2020] and finds that no new
   extensions are needed.  Therefore, this document introduces no new
   security considerations to the existing signaling and routing
   protocols beyond those already described in [RFC7138] and [RFC7139].
   Please refer to [RFC7138] and [RFC7139] for further details of the
   specific security measures.  Additionally, [RFC5920] addresses the
   security aspects that are relevant in the context of GMPLS.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [ITU-T_G709_2020]
              ITU-T, "Interfaces for the optical transport network",
              ITU-T Recommendation G.709, June 2020.

   [RFC5920]  Fang, L., Ed., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS
              Networks", RFC 5920, DOI 10.17487/RFC5920, July 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5920>.

   [RFC7138]  Ceccarelli, D., Ed., Zhang, F., Belotti, S., Rao, R., and
              J. Drake, "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF for
              GMPLS Control of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport
              Networks", RFC 7138, DOI 10.17487/RFC7138, March 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7138>.

   [RFC7139]  Zhang, F., Ed., Zhang, G., Belotti, S., Ceccarelli, D.,
              and K. Pithewan, "GMPLS Signaling Extensions for Control
              of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks", RFC 7139,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7139, March 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7139>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [ITU-T_G709.1]
              ITU-T, "Flexible OTN short-reach interfaces", ITU-T
              Recommendation G.709.1, June 2018.

   [ITU-T_G709_2012]
              ITU-T, "Interfaces for the optical transport network",
              ITU-T Recommendation G.709, February 2012.

   [ITU-T_G709_2016]
              ITU-T, "Interfaces for the optical transport network",
              ITU-T Recommendation G.709, June 2016.

   [ITU-T_G872]
              ITU-T, "Architecture of optical transport networks", ITU-T
              Recommendation G.872, December 2019.

   [RFC7062]  Zhang, F., Ed., Li, D., Li, H., Belotti, S., and D.
              Ceccarelli, "Framework for GMPLS and PCE Control of G.709
              Optical Transport Networks", RFC 7062,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7062, November 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7062>.

   [RFC7096]  Belotti, S., Ed., Grandi, P., Ceccarelli, D., Ed.,
              Caviglia, D., Zhang, F., and D. Li, "Evaluation of
              Existing GMPLS Encoding against G.709v3 Optical Transport
              Networks (OTNs)", RFC 7096, DOI 10.17487/RFC7096, January
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7096>.

Appendix A.  Possible Future Work

   As noted in Section 4.2, the GMPLS TPN field defined in Section 6.1
   of [RFC7139] is only 12 bits, whereas an ODUCn link could require up
   to 14 bits.  Although the need is not urgent, future work could
   extend the TPN field in GMPLS to use the Reserved bits immediately
   adjacent.  This would need to be done in a backward-compatible way.

   Section 4.2 further notes that the current encoding of GMPLS labels
   can be inefficient for larger values of n in ODUCn.  Future work
   might examine a more compact, yet generalized, label encoding to
   address this issue should it be felt, after analysis of the
   operational aspects, that the current encoding is causing problems.
   Introduction of a new label encoding would need to be done using a
   new pairing of LSP encoding type and Generalized Payload Identifier
   (G-PID) to ensure correct interoperability.

Contributors

   Iftekhar Hussain
   Infinera Corp
   Sunnyvale, CA
   United States of America
   Email: IHussain@infinera.com


   Daniele Ceccarelli
   Ericsson
   Email: daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com


   Rajan Rao
   Infinera Corp
   Sunnyvale,
   United States of America
   Email: rrao@infinera.com


   Fatai Zhang
   Huawei
   Email: zhangfatai@huawei.com


   Italo Busi
   Huawei
   Email: italo.busi@huawei.com


   Dieter Beller
   Nokia
   Email: Dieter.Beller@nokia.com


   Yuanbin Zhang
   ZTE
   Beijing
   Email: zhang.yuanbin@zte.com.cn


   Zafar Ali
   Cisco Systems
   Email: zali@cisco.com


   Daniel King
   Email: d.king@lancaster.ac.uk


   Manoj Kumar
   Cisco Systems
   Email: manojk2@cisco.com


   Antonello Bonfanti
   Cisco Systems
   Email: abonfant@cisco.com


   Yuji Tochio
   Fujitsu
   Email: tochio@fujitsu.com


Authors' Addresses

   Qilei Wang (editor)
   ZTE Corporation
   Nanjing
   China
   Email: wang.qilei@zte.com.cn


   Radha Valiveti (editor)
   Infinera Corp
   Sunnyvale, CA
   United States of America
   Email: rvaliveti@infinera.com


   Haomian Zheng (editor)
   Huawei
   China
   Email: zhenghaomian@huawei.com


   Huub van Helvoort
   Hai Gaoming BV
   Almere
   Netherlands
   Email: huubatwork@gmail.com


   Sergio Belotti
   Nokia
   Email: sergio.belotti@nokia.com