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| -rw-r--r-- | TODO | 142 |
1 files changed, 142 insertions, 0 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +1. Function parameters: + + sum :: (a: int, b: int) int { return a + b; } + foo :: () { x := sum(1, 2); } + +2. Multideclarations: + + a, b := 1, 2; /* Multiple assignment */ + r, g, b, a: u8; /* Type cascading */ + x, y, z: i8 = …; /* Multiple undefined assignment */ + +3. Strings and arrays: + + hello_utf8 := "Hello World"; + hello_utf16: u16 = "Hello, World"; + hello_utf32: u32 = "Hello, World"; + + X :: 3; + + xs := […]int{1, 2, 3}; /* Implicit length */ + ys := [X]int{1, 2, 3}; /* Explicit length */ + + /* Assign specific indicies */ + zs := […]int{ + [2] = 123, + [4] = 321, + }; + +4. Conditionals: + + if x > y { + … + } else if y < x { + … + } else { + … + } + + /* Shortform */ + if x > y + foo(); + + /* Bad style! */ + if x > y foo(); + +5. Switch statements + + if x == { + case 0; + … + case 1; + … + fallthrough; /* Explicit fallthrough; implicit break */ + case 2; + … + default; + … + } + +6. Loops + + loop { … } /* Infinite loop */ + + /* Shorthand syntax */ + loop + foo(); + + loop x > y … /* While loop */ + loop x: xs … /* Range/for loop */ + loop i: N…M … /* Loop i from N to M (integers) */ + + /* Break- and continue a loop iteration */ + loop x > y { + if x == 42 + break; + if x & 1 == 1 + continue; + … + } + + /* Labeled break/continue */ + outer :: loop { + loop x > y { + if x == 42 + break outer; + } + } + +7. Multiple return values from functions + + swap :: (x, y: int) int, int { return y, x; } + x, y := 1, 2; + x, y = swap(x, y); + + /* Note that this is a function that returns a function! The + returned function is one that takes an int and returns nothing */ + foo :: () (int) { … } + +8. Default parameters + + foo :: (x, y: int, flags: Flags = 0) { … } + +9. Variadic parameters + + foo :: (xs: …int) { + for x: xs { … } + foo(xs…); + } + +10. Structure types + + City :: struct { + name, country: []u8; + population: int; + european := false; + } + + växjö := City{"Växjö", "Sweden", 40'000, true}; + são_paulo := City{ + name = "São Paulo", + country = "Brazil", + population = 12.33e6, + }; + +11. Enumerations + + Animal :: enum u8 { + BEAR; /* 0 */ + CAT; /* 1 */ + DOG = 42; + SNAKE; /* 43 */ + } + + FileFlag :: flag_enum u8 { + READ; /* 0x01 */ + WRITE; /* 0x02 */ + TRUNC; /* 0x04 */ + EXEC = 0b0100'0000; /* 0x40 */ + CLOEXEC; /* 0x80 */ + + RDWR = .READ | .WRITE; /* 0x3 */ + } |