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+Network Working Group                                        J.M. Winett
+Request for Comments: 183                             Lincoln Laboratory
+NIC: 7127                                                  July 21, 1971
+
+Categories: D.2, D.3
+Related: 109, 110, 105, 158
+
+
+              The EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII
+
+Abstract
+
+   The uniquely map the ASCII codes into corresponding EBCDIC codes in a
+   consistent manner throughout the ARPA Network, this RFC describes and
+   defines the IBM Standard Extended BCD Interchanged Code.
+
+Introduction
+
+   The IBM Corporate Systems Standard, Extended BCD Interchanged Code
+   (EBCDIC) defines 8-bit graphic and control codes (See Figure 1).  The
+   basic EBCDIC code consists of 54 controls (including space) and 88
+   graphics.  This set is extended to include 10 special graphics and 1
+   special control (EO).  These special graphics originate from the 7-
+   bit hollerith code and include 6 ASCII graphics.  The EBCDIC code is
+   further extended to include the publishing and printing graphics
+   option which specifics 52 graphics.  Of these graphics, 32 appear on
+   the IBM TN print chain.  Four of these graphics are duals with
+   graphics not on the TN print chain, and one graphic (degree) is dual
+   with a graphic in the special graphics set of the basic code (tilde).
+
+   It is desirable to uniquely map the ASCII codes into corresponding
+   EBCDIC codes in a consistent manner throughout the ARPA network.
+
+   For each of the 34 ASCII controls (including space and delete) there
+   is a corresponding BDCDIC control (assigning ASCII control DC3 to the
+   EBCDIC code X'13').  For 85 of the 94 ASCII graphics, there is a
+   corresponding graphic in the basic EBCDIC set.  Three different
+   correspondences can be made for the other 9 ASCII graphics.
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+Winett                                                          [Page 1]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+I.  IBM Correspondence
+
+   a) IBM recommends the following ASCII duals with the basic EBCDIC
+      graphics.
+
+           ASCII                   EBCDIC                  Code
+           [                       [cent sign]             X'4A'
+           ]                       !                       X'5A'
+           !                       l                       X'4F'
+           [carrot sign]           [upper right corner]    X'5F'
+
+   Note that the EBCDIC graphic for exclamation point (!) is not chosen
+   to correspond to the ASCII for exclamation point (!), though this
+   would be a sensible choice, and thus another code must be used to
+   represent this graphic.
+
+   b) Special EBCDIC graphics would be used to represent the other ASCII
+      graphics.
+
+           Graphic                         Code
+           l                               X'6A'
+           l                               X'79'
+           [diagonal slash]                X'A1'
+           ~                               X'E0'
+           [diagonal slash]                XC0'
+           {                               XD0'
+           }
+
+II.  Publishing Correspondence
+
+   a) Associate the following special EBCDIC graphics with the
+      corresponding ASCII graphics.
+
+           Graphic                         Code
+           [carrot]                        X'71'
+           [                               X'AD'
+           ]                               X'BD'
+           {                               X'8B'
+           }                               X'9B'
+
+   The codes for open bracket and close bracket are chosen since these
+   graphics appear on the TN print chain.  The codes for left brace and
+   right brace are chosen rather than the codes in the special graphics
+   set for opening brace and closing brace, respectively, since these
+   graphics are similar and also appear on the TN print chain.
+
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+Winett                                                          [Page 2]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+III.  Graphical Correspondence
+
+   a) Associate the following basic EBCDIC graphics with the indicated
+      ASCII graphics because of their graphic similarity.
+
+           |                       X'4F'           with |
+                                                        |
+
+           [upper right corner]    X'5F'           with ~
+
+   b) Associate the basic EBCDIC graphic for cent with the ASCII graphic
+      for reverse slash.
+
+           [cent]          X'4A'           with [diagonal slash]
+
+   This choice is made since the cent graphic is not an ASCII graphic
+   and is the only graphic in the basic EBCDIC set which would not
+   otherwise be associated with any ACII graphic.
+
+   c) Associate the special EBCDIC graphic grave accent.
+
+         `  X'79'
+
+      with the corresponding ASCII graphic.
+
+   d) Associate the following publishing EBCDIC graphics with the
+   corresponding ASCII graphics.
+
+           [carrot]        X'71'
+           [               X'AD'
+           ]               X'BD'
+           {               X'8B'
+           }               X'9B'
+
+   The codes for open bracket and close bracket are chosen since these
+   graphic appear on the TN print chain.  The codes for left brace and
+   right brace are chosen rather than the codes in the special graphics
+   set for opening brace and closing brace, respectively, since these
+   graphics are similar and also appear on the TN print chain.
+
+   Standards:
+
+   In order that the mapping from ASCII into EBCDIC and vice versa could
+   become standardized, I would appreciate comments on the above from
+   each site whose operating system uses EBCDIC as the internal code.
+
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+
+
+Winett                                                          [Page 3]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+   Telnet Codes:
+
+   For those sites who may wish to provide our use TELNET services that
+   communicate using an EBCDIC code, a standard code must be specified.
+   The codes given in Figure 1 can form the basis for a standard.
+   Specific codes must also be specified for the TELNET control codes.
+   The following are suggested:
+
+                                   Hex Code
+           sync                    38
+           break                   39
+           NOP                     3A
+           Return to ASCII         FF
+           No echo                 14
+           Echo                    23
+           Hide input              24
+
+   To eliminate using one code for two graphics, I propose that the TN
+   graphics be associated with their corresponding code.  The graphic
+   tilde (~) might be assigned to the code X'E1' rather than keeping the
+   dual with the graphic for degree.  This would have no effect if the
+   Graphical Correspondence were chosen for the EBCDIC to ASCII mapping
+   with the code X'5F' for logical not associated with tilde.  The other
+   graphics of the publishing and printing option (Double Acute,
+   Inferior Hook, Macron, and Inferior Comma) which are not on the TN
+   print chain but have the same codes as graphics on the TN print chain
+   would not be considered to be part of the standard EBCDIC code.
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+Winett                                                          [Page 4]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+EBCDIC Questionnaire
+
+   1. For ASCII to EBCDIC mapping of the 9 special ASCII graphics do you
+      prefer:
+
+      a)   The IBM correspondence             _____________
+      b)   The Publishing correspondence      _____________
+      c)   The Graphical correspondence       _____________
+      d)   Another correspondence (describe)  _____________
+
+   2. Do you concur with the definition of the standard EBCDIC code,
+      including TELNET control codes?
+
+           YES __________  NO __________
+
+      Comments:
+      __________________________________________________________________
+      __________________________________________________________________
+      __________________________________________________________________
+
+   3. Please list for your operating system:
+
+      a)   graphics not included in the complete EBCDIC code.
+      b)   Graphics given a different code.
+      c)   Controls given one of the graphic codes.
+      d)   Controls given one of the control codes but defined to be a
+           different control
+      e)   All the controls which have meaning with your operating
+           system (i.e., for which special action is taken) and state
+           the action.
+
+   Reply from:     Name                    _________________
+                   Telephone               _________________
+                   Site                    _________________
+                   Host Computer           _________________
+
+   Send to:        Joel M. Winett
+                   M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory
+                   Room C-151
+                   Lexington, Mass. 02173
+
+   Or call:        (617) 862-5500 ext. 7474
+
+   Figure 1.  [Please view the PDF version of this RFC.]
+
+   Figure 2.  [Please view the PDF version of this RFC.]
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett                                                          [Page 5]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+   Hex Code      Category      Control      Name
+   00            CC            NUL          Null
+   01            CC            SOH          Start of Heading
+   02            CC            STX          Start of Text
+   03            CC            ETX          End of Text
+   04            DC            PF           Punch off
+   05            FE            HT           Horizontal Tab
+   06            GR            LC           Lower Case
+   07            GR            DEL          Delete
+   08            GR            GE           Graphic Escape
+   09            FE            RLF          Reverse Line Feed
+   0A            CC            SMM          Start of Manual Message
+   0B            FE            VT           Vertical Tab
+   0C            FE            FF           Form Feed
+   0D            FE            CR           Carriage Return
+   0E            GR            SO           Shift Out
+   0F            GR            SI           Shift In
+
+   10            CC            DLE          Data Line Escape
+   11            DC            DC1          Device Control 1
+   12            DC            DC2          Device Control 2
+   13            DC            TM/DC3       Tape Mark/Device Control 3
+   14            DC            RES          Restore
+   15            FE            NL           New Line
+   16            FE            BS           Backspace
+   17            DC            IL           Idle
+   18            GR            CAN          Cancel
+   19            DC            EM           End of Medium
+   1A            DC            CC           Cursor Control
+   1B            CU            CUI          Customer Use 1
+   1C            IS            IFS          Info. Field Separator
+   1D            IS            IGS          Info. Group Separator
+   1E            IS            IRS          Info. Record Separator
+   1F            IS            IUS          Info. Unit Separator
+
+   20            ED            DS           Digit Select
+   21            ED            SOS          Start of Significance
+   22            ED            FS           Field Separator
+   23                                       (Reserved)
+   24            DC            BYP          Bypass
+   25            FE            LF           Line Feed
+   26            CC            ETB          End of Text Block
+   27            GR            ESC          Escape
+   28                                       (Reserved)
+   29                                       (Reserved)
+   2A            DC            SM           Set Mode
+   2B            CU            CU2          Customer Use 2
+   2C                                       (Reserved)
+
+
+
+Winett                                                          [Page 6]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+   2D            CC            ENQ          Enquiry
+   2E            CC            ACK          Acknowledge
+   2F            DC            BEL          Bell
+
+   30                                       (Reserved)
+   31                                       (Reserved)
+   32            CC            SYN          Synchronous Idle
+   33                                       (Reversed)
+   34            DC            PN           Punch On
+   35            DC            RS           Reader Stop
+   36            GR            UC           Upper Case
+   37            CC            EOT          End of Transmission
+   38                                       (Reserved)
+   39                                       (Reserved)
+   3A                                       (Reserved)
+   3B            CU            CU3          Customer Use 3
+   3C            DC            DC4          Device Control 4
+   3D            CC            NAK          Negative Acknowledge
+   3E                                       (Reserved)
+   3F            GR            SUB          Substitute
+
+                    Figure 3: EBCDIC Control Functions
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+Winett                                                          [Page 7]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+   CC    ([illegible] Control). A functional character  [illegible] to
+         control or facilitate transmission of introducing [illegible]
+         communication networks.
+
+   FB    (Format Bisector). A functional character which controls the
+         layout of positioning or information in printing or display
+         devices.
+
+   IS    (Information Separator). A character which is used to separate
+         and qualify information in a logical sense. There is a group of
+         four such characters, which are to be used in a hierarchical
+         order.
+
+   DC    (Device Control). A functional character used for the control
+         of ancillary devices associated with data processing of
+         telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices
+         "on" and "off".
+
+   ED    (Edit and Mark). A control character used by the
+         System/[illegible]...and Mark ([illegible]) instruction for the
+         formatting of alphanumeric fields.
+
+   GH    (Graphic Control). A control character indicating that the core
+         combinations which follow are to be [illegible] in a particular
+         code table, depending upon the particular control character.
+
+   CU    (Customer Use). A character excluded from future assignment by
+         IBM.  These "protected" codes are intended for use by customer
+         systems so that their use will not conflict with a possible
+         future IBM use.
+
+                                 Figure 4
+                      Categories of Control Functions
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+Winett                                                          [Page 8]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+      Hex Code             Graphic                 Name
+   *   6A                  |                       Vertical Line
+                           |
+   *   79                  [diagonal slash]        Grave Accent
+   *   A1                  ~                       Tilde
+   *   C0                  {                       Opening Brace
+       CC                  [hook]                  Hook
+       CE                  [fork]                  Fork
+   *   D0                  }                       Closing Brace
+   *   E0                  /                       Reverse Slant
+       EC                  [chair]                 Chair
+       FA                  |                       Long Vertical Line
+       FF                  EO                      Eight Ones
+
+                     Figure 5: Special EBCDIC Graphics
+
+   *ASCII Graphic
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+Winett                                                          [Page 9]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+        Hex Code   Graphic                 Name
+   **      A0      -                       Superscript Minus
+   *       A1      [degree]                Degree
+   *       B0      [superscript 0]         Superscript Zero
+   *       B1      [superscript 1]         Superscript One
+   *       B2      [superscript 2]         Superscript Two
+   *       B3      [superscript 3]         Superscript Three
+           B4      [superscript 4]         Superscript Four
+           B5      [superscript 5]         Superscript Five
+           B6      [superscript 6]         Superscript Six
+           B7      [superscript 7]         Superscript Seven
+           B8      [superscript 8]         Superscript Eight
+           B9      [superscript 9]         Superscript Nine
+
+           SB      {                       Left Brace
+           SC      [equal or less than]    Equal or Less Than
+           SD      [superscript (]         Superscript Left Parenthesis
+           SE      [superscript +]         Superscript Plus Sign
+           SF      +                       Plotting Cross
+           9B      }                       Right Brace
+           9C      [lozenge]               Lozenge
+           9D      [superscript )]         Superscript Right Parenthesis
+           9E      [plus or minus]         Plus or Minus
+           9F      [histogram]             Histogram
+           AB      [lower left corner]     Lower Left Corner
+           AC      [upper left corner]     Upper Left Corner
+           AD      [                       Open Square Bracket
+           AE      [= or >]                Equal or Greater Than
+           AF      [bullet]                Bullet (Plotting Circle)
+           EB      [lower right corner]    Lower Right Corner
+           EC      [upper right corner]    Upper Right Corner
+           ED      ]                       Close Square Bracket
+           EE      [not equal]             Not equal
+           EF      ---                     Entended Dash
+
+                Figure 6: Publishing and Printing Graphics
+                          Also on the TN Print Chain
+
+   **      Dual with the special EBCDIC graph c tilde
+   *       Dual with another graphic which is not on the TN print chain
+
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+Winett                                                         [Page 10]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+       Hex Code    Graphic                 Name
+           70      [Scandinavian accent]   Scandinavian Accent
+           71      [carrot]                Circumflex
+           72      [diaeresis]             Diaeresis
+           73      /                       Diacritical Virgule
+           74      '                       Acute Accent
+           75      [superior .]            Superior Dot
+           76      ,                       Cedilla
+           77      [breve]                 Breve
+           78      [caron]                 Caron
+           8A      [up arrow]              Up Arrow
+           9A      [dagger]                Dagger
+
+   *       B0      "                       Double Acute
+   *       B1      '                       Inferior Hook
+   *       B2      -                       Macron
+   *       B3      ,                       Inferior Comma
+
+           CD      '                       Open Quote
+           DB      [pound sign]            Pound Sign
+           DC      [section sign]          Section Sign
+           DD      [paragraph sign]        Paragraph Sign
+           ED      '                       Close Quote
+
+             Figure 7: Publishing and Printing Graphics
+                       not on the TN Print Chain
+
+   *       Dual with another graphic which is on the TN print chain
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+Winett                                                         [Page 11]
+
+RFC 183         EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII    July 21, 1971
+
+
+   Name        Graphic    Hex Code     Graphic       Name
+   Tilde           ~       A1         [degree]       Degree
+   Double Acute    "       B0        [superscript 0] Superscript Zero
+   Inferior Hook   '       B1        [superscript 1] Superscript One
+   Macron  -               B2        [superscript 2] Superscript Two
+   Inferior Comma ,        B3        [superscript 3] Superscript Three
+
+                      Figure 8: Graphic Duals
+   __________________________________________________________________
+
+   Codes           Graphics               Name
+   AF--75             .                   Bullet--Superior Dot
+   8B--C0             {                   Left Brace--Opening Brace
+   9B--D0             }                   Right Brace--Closing Brace
+   61--73             /                   Slash--Diacritical Virgule
+   A1--7.0         [degree]               Degree--Scandinavian Accent
+   4F--FA             |                   Logical Or--Long Vertical Mark
+   6B--76--B3         ,                   Comma--Cedilla-Inferior Comma
+   60--B2             -                   Dash--Macron
+
+                       Figure 9: Similar Graphics
+   ____________________________________________________________________
+
+   Name            Control  Hex Code  Graphic      Name
+   Group Mark        GM      4F          |         Logical or
+   Mode Change       MC      5F      [upper right corner] Logical Not
+   Plus Zero         PZ      C0          {         Opening Brace
+   Minus Zero        MZ      D0          }         Closing Brace
+   Record Mark       RM      E0          \        Reverse Slant
+   Word Separator    WS      6D          __        Underscore
+   Segment Mark      SM      6F           ?        Question Mark
+   Substitute Blank  SB      7A           :        Colon
+   Tape Mark         TM      7F           "        Quotation Marks
+
+                     Figure 10: Graphic Control Duals
+   ____________________________________________________________________
+
+   This material has not been reviewed for public release and is
+   intended only for use with the ARPA network.  It should not be quoted
+   or cited in any publication not related to the ARPA network.
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+Winett                                                         [Page 12]
+