summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/doc/rfc/rfc183.txt
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/rfc/rfc183.txt')
-rw-r--r--doc/rfc/rfc183.txt675
1 files changed, 675 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc183.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc183.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0025f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/rfc/rfc183.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group J.M. Winett
+Request for Comments: 183 Lincoln Laboratory
+NIC: 7127 July 21, 1971
+
+Categories: D.2, D.3
+Related: 109, 110, 105, 158
+
+
+ The EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII
+
+Abstract
+
+ The uniquely map the ASCII codes into corresponding EBCDIC codes in a
+ consistent manner throughout the ARPA Network, this RFC describes and
+ defines the IBM Standard Extended BCD Interchanged Code.
+
+Introduction
+
+ The IBM Corporate Systems Standard, Extended BCD Interchanged Code
+ (EBCDIC) defines 8-bit graphic and control codes (See Figure 1). The
+ basic EBCDIC code consists of 54 controls (including space) and 88
+ graphics. This set is extended to include 10 special graphics and 1
+ special control (EO). These special graphics originate from the 7-
+ bit hollerith code and include 6 ASCII graphics. The EBCDIC code is
+ further extended to include the publishing and printing graphics
+ option which specifics 52 graphics. Of these graphics, 32 appear on
+ the IBM TN print chain. Four of these graphics are duals with
+ graphics not on the TN print chain, and one graphic (degree) is dual
+ with a graphic in the special graphics set of the basic code (tilde).
+
+ It is desirable to uniquely map the ASCII codes into corresponding
+ EBCDIC codes in a consistent manner throughout the ARPA network.
+
+ For each of the 34 ASCII controls (including space and delete) there
+ is a corresponding BDCDIC control (assigning ASCII control DC3 to the
+ EBCDIC code X'13'). For 85 of the 94 ASCII graphics, there is a
+ corresponding graphic in the basic EBCDIC set. Three different
+ correspondences can be made for the other 9 ASCII graphics.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 1]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+I. IBM Correspondence
+
+ a) IBM recommends the following ASCII duals with the basic EBCDIC
+ graphics.
+
+ ASCII EBCDIC Code
+ [ [cent sign] X'4A'
+ ] ! X'5A'
+ ! l X'4F'
+ [carrot sign] [upper right corner] X'5F'
+
+ Note that the EBCDIC graphic for exclamation point (!) is not chosen
+ to correspond to the ASCII for exclamation point (!), though this
+ would be a sensible choice, and thus another code must be used to
+ represent this graphic.
+
+ b) Special EBCDIC graphics would be used to represent the other ASCII
+ graphics.
+
+ Graphic Code
+ l X'6A'
+ l X'79'
+ [diagonal slash] X'A1'
+ ~ X'E0'
+ [diagonal slash] XC0'
+ { XD0'
+ }
+
+II. Publishing Correspondence
+
+ a) Associate the following special EBCDIC graphics with the
+ corresponding ASCII graphics.
+
+ Graphic Code
+ [carrot] X'71'
+ [ X'AD'
+ ] X'BD'
+ { X'8B'
+ } X'9B'
+
+ The codes for open bracket and close bracket are chosen since these
+ graphics appear on the TN print chain. The codes for left brace and
+ right brace are chosen rather than the codes in the special graphics
+ set for opening brace and closing brace, respectively, since these
+ graphics are similar and also appear on the TN print chain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 2]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+III. Graphical Correspondence
+
+ a) Associate the following basic EBCDIC graphics with the indicated
+ ASCII graphics because of their graphic similarity.
+
+ | X'4F' with |
+ |
+
+ [upper right corner] X'5F' with ~
+
+ b) Associate the basic EBCDIC graphic for cent with the ASCII graphic
+ for reverse slash.
+
+ [cent] X'4A' with [diagonal slash]
+
+ This choice is made since the cent graphic is not an ASCII graphic
+ and is the only graphic in the basic EBCDIC set which would not
+ otherwise be associated with any ACII graphic.
+
+ c) Associate the special EBCDIC graphic grave accent.
+
+ ` X'79'
+
+ with the corresponding ASCII graphic.
+
+ d) Associate the following publishing EBCDIC graphics with the
+ corresponding ASCII graphics.
+
+ [carrot] X'71'
+ [ X'AD'
+ ] X'BD'
+ { X'8B'
+ } X'9B'
+
+ The codes for open bracket and close bracket are chosen since these
+ graphic appear on the TN print chain. The codes for left brace and
+ right brace are chosen rather than the codes in the special graphics
+ set for opening brace and closing brace, respectively, since these
+ graphics are similar and also appear on the TN print chain.
+
+ Standards:
+
+ In order that the mapping from ASCII into EBCDIC and vice versa could
+ become standardized, I would appreciate comments on the above from
+ each site whose operating system uses EBCDIC as the internal code.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 3]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Telnet Codes:
+
+ For those sites who may wish to provide our use TELNET services that
+ communicate using an EBCDIC code, a standard code must be specified.
+ The codes given in Figure 1 can form the basis for a standard.
+ Specific codes must also be specified for the TELNET control codes.
+ The following are suggested:
+
+ Hex Code
+ sync 38
+ break 39
+ NOP 3A
+ Return to ASCII FF
+ No echo 14
+ Echo 23
+ Hide input 24
+
+ To eliminate using one code for two graphics, I propose that the TN
+ graphics be associated with their corresponding code. The graphic
+ tilde (~) might be assigned to the code X'E1' rather than keeping the
+ dual with the graphic for degree. This would have no effect if the
+ Graphical Correspondence were chosen for the EBCDIC to ASCII mapping
+ with the code X'5F' for logical not associated with tilde. The other
+ graphics of the publishing and printing option (Double Acute,
+ Inferior Hook, Macron, and Inferior Comma) which are not on the TN
+ print chain but have the same codes as graphics on the TN print chain
+ would not be considered to be part of the standard EBCDIC code.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 4]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+EBCDIC Questionnaire
+
+ 1. For ASCII to EBCDIC mapping of the 9 special ASCII graphics do you
+ prefer:
+
+ a) The IBM correspondence _____________
+ b) The Publishing correspondence _____________
+ c) The Graphical correspondence _____________
+ d) Another correspondence (describe) _____________
+
+ 2. Do you concur with the definition of the standard EBCDIC code,
+ including TELNET control codes?
+
+ YES __________ NO __________
+
+ Comments:
+ __________________________________________________________________
+ __________________________________________________________________
+ __________________________________________________________________
+
+ 3. Please list for your operating system:
+
+ a) graphics not included in the complete EBCDIC code.
+ b) Graphics given a different code.
+ c) Controls given one of the graphic codes.
+ d) Controls given one of the control codes but defined to be a
+ different control
+ e) All the controls which have meaning with your operating
+ system (i.e., for which special action is taken) and state
+ the action.
+
+ Reply from: Name _________________
+ Telephone _________________
+ Site _________________
+ Host Computer _________________
+
+ Send to: Joel M. Winett
+ M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory
+ Room C-151
+ Lexington, Mass. 02173
+
+ Or call: (617) 862-5500 ext. 7474
+
+ Figure 1. [Please view the PDF version of this RFC.]
+
+ Figure 2. [Please view the PDF version of this RFC.]
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 5]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Hex Code Category Control Name
+ 00 CC NUL Null
+ 01 CC SOH Start of Heading
+ 02 CC STX Start of Text
+ 03 CC ETX End of Text
+ 04 DC PF Punch off
+ 05 FE HT Horizontal Tab
+ 06 GR LC Lower Case
+ 07 GR DEL Delete
+ 08 GR GE Graphic Escape
+ 09 FE RLF Reverse Line Feed
+ 0A CC SMM Start of Manual Message
+ 0B FE VT Vertical Tab
+ 0C FE FF Form Feed
+ 0D FE CR Carriage Return
+ 0E GR SO Shift Out
+ 0F GR SI Shift In
+
+ 10 CC DLE Data Line Escape
+ 11 DC DC1 Device Control 1
+ 12 DC DC2 Device Control 2
+ 13 DC TM/DC3 Tape Mark/Device Control 3
+ 14 DC RES Restore
+ 15 FE NL New Line
+ 16 FE BS Backspace
+ 17 DC IL Idle
+ 18 GR CAN Cancel
+ 19 DC EM End of Medium
+ 1A DC CC Cursor Control
+ 1B CU CUI Customer Use 1
+ 1C IS IFS Info. Field Separator
+ 1D IS IGS Info. Group Separator
+ 1E IS IRS Info. Record Separator
+ 1F IS IUS Info. Unit Separator
+
+ 20 ED DS Digit Select
+ 21 ED SOS Start of Significance
+ 22 ED FS Field Separator
+ 23 (Reserved)
+ 24 DC BYP Bypass
+ 25 FE LF Line Feed
+ 26 CC ETB End of Text Block
+ 27 GR ESC Escape
+ 28 (Reserved)
+ 29 (Reserved)
+ 2A DC SM Set Mode
+ 2B CU CU2 Customer Use 2
+ 2C (Reserved)
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 6]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ 2D CC ENQ Enquiry
+ 2E CC ACK Acknowledge
+ 2F DC BEL Bell
+
+ 30 (Reserved)
+ 31 (Reserved)
+ 32 CC SYN Synchronous Idle
+ 33 (Reversed)
+ 34 DC PN Punch On
+ 35 DC RS Reader Stop
+ 36 GR UC Upper Case
+ 37 CC EOT End of Transmission
+ 38 (Reserved)
+ 39 (Reserved)
+ 3A (Reserved)
+ 3B CU CU3 Customer Use 3
+ 3C DC DC4 Device Control 4
+ 3D CC NAK Negative Acknowledge
+ 3E (Reserved)
+ 3F GR SUB Substitute
+
+ Figure 3: EBCDIC Control Functions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 7]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ CC ([illegible] Control). A functional character [illegible] to
+ control or facilitate transmission of introducing [illegible]
+ communication networks.
+
+ FB (Format Bisector). A functional character which controls the
+ layout of positioning or information in printing or display
+ devices.
+
+ IS (Information Separator). A character which is used to separate
+ and qualify information in a logical sense. There is a group of
+ four such characters, which are to be used in a hierarchical
+ order.
+
+ DC (Device Control). A functional character used for the control
+ of ancillary devices associated with data processing of
+ telecommunication systems, more especially switching devices
+ "on" and "off".
+
+ ED (Edit and Mark). A control character used by the
+ System/[illegible]...and Mark ([illegible]) instruction for the
+ formatting of alphanumeric fields.
+
+ GH (Graphic Control). A control character indicating that the core
+ combinations which follow are to be [illegible] in a particular
+ code table, depending upon the particular control character.
+
+ CU (Customer Use). A character excluded from future assignment by
+ IBM. These "protected" codes are intended for use by customer
+ systems so that their use will not conflict with a possible
+ future IBM use.
+
+ Figure 4
+ Categories of Control Functions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 8]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Hex Code Graphic Name
+ * 6A | Vertical Line
+ |
+ * 79 [diagonal slash] Grave Accent
+ * A1 ~ Tilde
+ * C0 { Opening Brace
+ CC [hook] Hook
+ CE [fork] Fork
+ * D0 } Closing Brace
+ * E0 / Reverse Slant
+ EC [chair] Chair
+ FA | Long Vertical Line
+ FF EO Eight Ones
+
+ Figure 5: Special EBCDIC Graphics
+
+ *ASCII Graphic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 9]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Hex Code Graphic Name
+ ** A0 - Superscript Minus
+ * A1 [degree] Degree
+ * B0 [superscript 0] Superscript Zero
+ * B1 [superscript 1] Superscript One
+ * B2 [superscript 2] Superscript Two
+ * B3 [superscript 3] Superscript Three
+ B4 [superscript 4] Superscript Four
+ B5 [superscript 5] Superscript Five
+ B6 [superscript 6] Superscript Six
+ B7 [superscript 7] Superscript Seven
+ B8 [superscript 8] Superscript Eight
+ B9 [superscript 9] Superscript Nine
+
+ SB { Left Brace
+ SC [equal or less than] Equal or Less Than
+ SD [superscript (] Superscript Left Parenthesis
+ SE [superscript +] Superscript Plus Sign
+ SF + Plotting Cross
+ 9B } Right Brace
+ 9C [lozenge] Lozenge
+ 9D [superscript )] Superscript Right Parenthesis
+ 9E [plus or minus] Plus or Minus
+ 9F [histogram] Histogram
+ AB [lower left corner] Lower Left Corner
+ AC [upper left corner] Upper Left Corner
+ AD [ Open Square Bracket
+ AE [= or >] Equal or Greater Than
+ AF [bullet] Bullet (Plotting Circle)
+ EB [lower right corner] Lower Right Corner
+ EC [upper right corner] Upper Right Corner
+ ED ] Close Square Bracket
+ EE [not equal] Not equal
+ EF --- Entended Dash
+
+ Figure 6: Publishing and Printing Graphics
+ Also on the TN Print Chain
+
+ ** Dual with the special EBCDIC graph c tilde
+ * Dual with another graphic which is not on the TN print chain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 10]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Hex Code Graphic Name
+ 70 [Scandinavian accent] Scandinavian Accent
+ 71 [carrot] Circumflex
+ 72 [diaeresis] Diaeresis
+ 73 / Diacritical Virgule
+ 74 ' Acute Accent
+ 75 [superior .] Superior Dot
+ 76 , Cedilla
+ 77 [breve] Breve
+ 78 [caron] Caron
+ 8A [up arrow] Up Arrow
+ 9A [dagger] Dagger
+
+ * B0 " Double Acute
+ * B1 ' Inferior Hook
+ * B2 - Macron
+ * B3 , Inferior Comma
+
+ CD ' Open Quote
+ DB [pound sign] Pound Sign
+ DC [section sign] Section Sign
+ DD [paragraph sign] Paragraph Sign
+ ED ' Close Quote
+
+ Figure 7: Publishing and Printing Graphics
+ not on the TN Print Chain
+
+ * Dual with another graphic which is on the TN print chain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 11]
+
+RFC 183 EBCDIC Codes and Their Mapping to ASCII July 21, 1971
+
+
+ Name Graphic Hex Code Graphic Name
+ Tilde ~ A1 [degree] Degree
+ Double Acute " B0 [superscript 0] Superscript Zero
+ Inferior Hook ' B1 [superscript 1] Superscript One
+ Macron - B2 [superscript 2] Superscript Two
+ Inferior Comma , B3 [superscript 3] Superscript Three
+
+ Figure 8: Graphic Duals
+ __________________________________________________________________
+
+ Codes Graphics Name
+ AF--75 . Bullet--Superior Dot
+ 8B--C0 { Left Brace--Opening Brace
+ 9B--D0 } Right Brace--Closing Brace
+ 61--73 / Slash--Diacritical Virgule
+ A1--7.0 [degree] Degree--Scandinavian Accent
+ 4F--FA | Logical Or--Long Vertical Mark
+ 6B--76--B3 , Comma--Cedilla-Inferior Comma
+ 60--B2 - Dash--Macron
+
+ Figure 9: Similar Graphics
+ ____________________________________________________________________
+
+ Name Control Hex Code Graphic Name
+ Group Mark GM 4F | Logical or
+ Mode Change MC 5F [upper right corner] Logical Not
+ Plus Zero PZ C0 { Opening Brace
+ Minus Zero MZ D0 } Closing Brace
+ Record Mark RM E0 \ Reverse Slant
+ Word Separator WS 6D __ Underscore
+ Segment Mark SM 6F ? Question Mark
+ Substitute Blank SB 7A : Colon
+ Tape Mark TM 7F " Quotation Marks
+
+ Figure 10: Graphic Control Duals
+ ____________________________________________________________________
+
+ This material has not been reviewed for public release and is
+ intended only for use with the ARPA network. It should not be quoted
+ or cited in any publication not related to the ARPA network.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Winett [Page 12]
+