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diff --git a/doc/rfc/rfc4123.txt b/doc/rfc/rfc4123.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c18bf23 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/rfc/rfc4123.txt @@ -0,0 +1,899 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group H. Schulzrinne +Request for Comments: 4123 Columbia University +Category: Informational C. Agboh + July 2005 + + + Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-H.323 Interworking Requirements + +Status of this Memo + + This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does + not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this + memo is unlimited. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). + +IESG Note + + This RFC is not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard. The + IETF disclaims any knowledge of the fitness of this RFC for any + purpose, and in particular notes that the decision to publish is not + based on IETF review for such things as security, congestion control, + or inappropriate interaction with deployed protocols. The RFC Editor + has chosen to publish this document at its discretion. Readers of + this document should exercise caution in evaluating its value for + implementation and deployment. See [RFC3932] for more information. + +Abstract + + This document describes the requirements for the logical entity known + as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-H.323 Interworking Function + (SIP-H.323 IWF) that will allow the interworking between SIP and + H.323. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 1] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +Table of Contents + + 1. Introduction ....................................................3 + 2. Definitions .....................................................3 + 3. Functionality within the SIP-H.323 IWF ..........................4 + 4. Pre-Call Requirements ...........................................4 + 4.1. Registration with H.323 Gatekeeper .........................5 + 4.2. Registration with SIP Server ...............................5 + 5. General Interworking Requirements ...............................5 + 5.1. Basic Call Requirements ....................................5 + 5.1.1. General Requirements ................................5 + 5.1.2. Address Resolution ..................................6 + 5.1.3. Call with H.323 Gatekeeper ..........................6 + 5.1.4. Call with SIP Registrar .............................6 + 5.1.5. Capability Negotiation ..............................6 + 5.1.6. Opening of Logical Channels .........................7 + 5.2. IWF H.323 Features .........................................7 + 5.3. Overlapped Sending .........................................7 + 5.3.1. DTMF Support ........................................7 + 6. Transport .......................................................8 + 7. Mapping between SIP and H.323 ...................................8 + 7.1. General Requirements .......................................8 + 7.2. H.225.0 and SIP Call Signaling .............................8 + 7.3. Call Sequence ..............................................9 + 7.4. State Machine Requirements .................................9 + 8. Security Considerations ........................................10 + 9. Examples and Scenarios .........................................10 + 9.1. Introduction ..............................................10 + 9.2. IWF Configurations ........................................11 + 9.3. Call Flows ................................................11 + 9.3.1. Call from H.323 Terminal to SIP UA .................11 + 9.3.2. Call from SIP UA to H.323 Terminal .................12 + 10. Acknowledgments ...............................................12 + 11. Contributors ..................................................13 + 12. References ....................................................14 + 12.1. Normative References ....................................14 + 12.2. Informative References ..................................15 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 2] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +1. Introduction + + The SIP-H.323 Interworking function (IWF) converts between SIP + (Session Initiation Protocol) [RFC3261] and the ITU Recommendation + H.323 protocol [H.323]. This document describes requirements for + this protocol conversion. + +2. Definitions + + H.323 gatekeeper (GK): An H.323 gatekeeper is an optional component + in an H.323 network. If it is present, it performs address + translation, bandwidth control, admission control, and zone + management. + + H.323 network: In this document, we refer to the collection of all + H.323-speaking components as the H.323 network. + + SIP network: In this document, we refer to the collection of all SIP + servers and user agents as the SIP network. + + Interworking Function (IWF): This function performs interworking + between H.323 and SIP. It belongs to both the H.323 and SIP + networks. + + SIP server: A SIP server can be a SIP proxy, redirect server, or + registrar server. + + Endpoint: An endpoint can call and be called. An endpoint is an + entity from which the media such as voice, video, or fax + originates or terminates. An endpoint can be H.323 terminal, + H.323 Gateway, H.323 MCU [H.323], or SIP user agent (UA) + [RFC3261]. + + Media-Switching Fabric (MSF): This is an optional logical entity + within the IWF. The MSF switches media such as voice, video, or + fax from one network association to another. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 3] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +3. Functionality within the SIP-H.323 IWF + + This section summarizes the functional requirements of the SIP-H.323 + interworking function (IWF). + + A SIP-H.323 IWF may be integrated into an H.323 gatekeeper or SIP + server. Interworking should not require any optional components in + either the SIP or H.323 network, such as H.323 gatekeepers. IWF + redundancy in the network is beyond the scope of this document. + + An IWF contains functions from the following list, inter alia: + + o Mapping of the call setup and teardown sequences; + + o Registering H.323 and SIP endpoints with SIP registrars and H.323 + gatekeepers; + + o Resolving H.323 and SIP addresses; + + o Maintaining the H.323 and SIP state machines; + + o Negotiating terminal capabilities; + + o Opening and closing media channels; + + o Mapping media-coding algorithms for H.323 and SIP networks; + + o Reserving and releasing call-related resources; + + o Processing of mid-call signaling messages; + + o Handling of services and features. + + The IWF should not process media. We assume that the same media + transport protocols, such as RTP, are used in both the SIP and H.323 + networks. Thus, media packets are exchanged directly between the + endpoints. If a particular service requires the IWF to handle media, + we assume that the IWF simply forwards media packets without + modification from one network to the other, using a media-switching + fabric (MSF). The conversion of media from one encoding or format to + another is out of scope for SIP-H.323 protocol translation. + +4. Pre-Call Requirements + + The IWF function may use a translation table to resolve the H.323 and + SIP addresses to IP addresses. This translation table can be updated + by using an H.323 gatekeeper, a SIP proxy server, or a locally- + maintained database. + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 4] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +4.1. Registration with H.323 Gatekeeper + + An IWF may provide and update the H.323 gatekeeper with the addresses + of SIP UAs. A SIP user agent can make itself known to the H.323 + network by registering with an IWF serving as a registrar. The IWF + creates an H.323 alias address and registers this alias, together + with its own network address, with the appropriate GK. + + The gatekeeper can then use this information to route calls to SIP + UAs via the IWF, without being aware that the endpoint is not a + "native" H.323 endpoint. + + The IWF can register SIP UAs with one or more H.323 gatekeepers. + +4.2. Registration with SIP Server + + The IWF can provide information about H.323 endpoints to a SIP + registrar. This allows the SIP proxy using this SIP registrar to + direct calls to the H.323 endpoints via the IWF. + + The IWF can easily obtain information about H.323 endpoints if it + also serves as a gatekeeper. Other architectures require further + study. + + If the H.323 endpoints are known through E.164 (telephone number) + addresses, the IWF can use IGREP [TGREP] or SLP [GWLOC] to inform the + SIP proxy server of these endpoints. + + The IWF only needs to register with multiple SIP registrars if the + H.323 terminal is to appear under multiple, different addresses-of- + record. + +5. General Interworking Requirements + + The IWF should use H.323 Version 2 or later and SIP according to RFC + 3261 [RFC3261]. The protocol translation function must not require + modifications or additions to either H.323 or SIP. However, it may + not be possible to support certain features of each protocol across + the IWF. + +5.1. Basic Call Requirements + +5.1.1. General Requirements + + The IWF should provide default settings for translation parameters. + The IWF specification must identify these defaults. + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 5] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + + The IWF must release any call-related resource at the end of a call. + SIP session timers [RFC4028] may be used on the SIP side. + +5.1.2. Address Resolution + + The IWF should support all the addressing schemes in H.323, including + the H.323 URI [RFC3508], and the "sip", "sips", and "tel" URI schemes + in SIP. It should support the DNS-based SIP server location + mechanisms described in [RFC3263] and H.323 Annex O, which details + how H.323 uses DNS and, in particular, DNS SRV records. + + The IWF should register with the H.323 Gatekeeper and the SIP + registrar when available. + + The IWF may use any means to translate between SIP and H.323 + addresses. Examples include translation tables populated by the + gatekeeper, SIP registrar or other database, LDAP, DNS or TRIP. + +5.1.3. Call with H.323 Gatekeeper + + When an H.323 GK is present in the network, the IWF should resolve + addresses with the help of the GK. + +5.1.4. Call with SIP Registrar + + The IWF applies normal SIP call routing and does not need to be aware + whether there is a proxy server. + +5.1.5. Capability Negotiation + + The IWF should not make any assumptions about the capabilities of + either the SIP user agent or the H.323 terminal. However, it may + indicate a guaranteed-to-be-supported list of codecs of the H.323 + terminal or SIP user agent before exchanging capabilities with H.323 + (using H.245) and SIP (using SDP [RFC2327]). H.323 defines mandatory + capabilities, whereas SIP currently does not. For example, the G.711 + audio codec is mandatory for higher bandwidth H.323 networks. + + The IWF should attempt to map the capability descriptors of H.323 and + SDP in the best possible fashion. The algorithm for finding the best + mapping between H.245 capability descriptors and the corresponding + SDP is left for further study. + + The IWF should be able to map the common audio, video, and + application format names supported in H.323 to and from the + equivalent RTP/AVP [RFC3550] names. + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 6] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + + The IWF may use the SIP OPTIONS message to derive SIP UA + capabilities. It may support mid-call renegotiation of media + capabilities. + +5.1.6. Opening of Logical Channels + + The IWF should support the seamless exchange of messages for opening, + reopening, changing, and closing of media channels during a call. + The procedures for opening, reopening, closing, and changing the + existing media sessions during a call are for further study. + + The IWF should open media channels between the endpoints whenever + possible. If this is not possible, then the channel can be opened at + the MSF of the IWF. + + The IWF should support unidirectional, symmetric bi-directional, and + asymmetric bi-directional opening of channels. + + The IWF may respond to the mode request and to the request for + reopening and changing an existing logical channel and may support + the flow control mechanism in H.323. + +5.2. IWF H.323 Features + + The IWF should support Fast Connect; i.e., H.245 tunneling in H.323 + Setup messages. If IWF and GK are the same device, pre-granted ARQ + should be supported. If pre-granted ARQ is supported, the IWF may + perform the address resolution from H.323 GK using the LRQ/LCF + exchange. + +5.3. Overlapped Sending + + An IWF should follow the recommendations outlined in [RFC3578] when + receiving overlapped digits from the H.323 side. If the IWF receives + overlapped dialed digits from the SIP network, it may use the Q.931 + Setup, Setup Ack, and Information Message in H.323. + + The IWF may support the transfer of digits during a call by using the + appropriate SIP mechanism and UserInputIndication in H.245 (H.323). + +5.3.1. DTMF Support + + An IWF should support the mapping between DTMF and possibly other + telephony tones carried in signaling messages. + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 7] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +6. Transport + + The H.323 and SIP systems do not have to be in close proximity. The + IP networks hosting the H.323 and SIP systems do not need to assure + quality of service (QoS). In particular, the IWF should not assume + that signaling messages have priority over packets from other + applications. H.323 signaling over UDP (H.323 Annex E) is optional. + +7. Mapping between SIP and H.323 + +7.1. General Requirements + + o The call message sequence of both protocols must be maintained. + + o The IWF must not set up or tear down calls on its own. + + o Signaling messages that do not have a match for the destination + protocol should be terminated on the IWF, with the IWF taking the + appropriate action for them. For example, SIP allows a SIP UA to + discard an ACK request silently for a non-existent call leg. + + o If the IWF is required to generate a message on its own, IWF + should use pre-configured default values for the message + parameters. + + o The information elements and header fields of the respective + messages are to be converted as follows: + + * The contents of connection-specific information elements, such + as Call Reference Value for H.323, are converted to similar + information required by SIP or SDP, such as the SDP session ID + and the SIP 'Call-ID'. + + * The IWF generates protocol elements that are not available from + the other side. + + +7.2. H.225.0 and SIP Call Signaling + + o The IWF must conform to the call signaling procedures recommended + for the SIP side regardless of the behavior of the H.323 elements. + + o The IWF must conform to the call signaling procedures recommended + for the H.323 side regardless of the behavior of the SIP elements. + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 8] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + + o The IWF serves as the endpoint for the Q.931 Call Signaling + Channel to either an H.323 endpoint or H.323 Gatekeeper (in case + of GK routed signaling). The IWF also acts as a SIP user agent + client and server. + + o The IWF also establishes a Registration, Admission, Status (RAS) + Channel to the H.323 GK, if available. + + o The IWF should process messages for H.323 supplementary services + (FACILITY, NOTIFY, and the INFORMATION messages) only if the + service itself is supported. + + +7.3. Call Sequence + + The call sequence on both sides should be maintained in such a way + that neither the H.323 terminal nor the SIP UA is aware of presence + of the IWF. + +7.4. State Machine Requirements + + The state machine for IWF will follow the following general + guidelines: + + o Unexpected messages in a particular state shall be treated as + "error" messages. + + o All messages that do not change the state shall be treated as + "non-triggering" or informational messages. + + o All messages that expect a change in state shall be treated as + "triggering" messages. + + For each state, an IWF specification must classify all possible + protocol messages into the above three categories. It must specify + the actions taken on the content of the message and the resulting + state. Below is an example of such a table: + + State: Idle + + Possible Messages Message Category Action Next state + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + All RAS msg. Triggering Add Reg.Info. WaitForSetup + All H.245 msg. Error Send 4xx Idle + SIP OPTIONS Non Triggering Return cap. Idle + SIP INVITE Triggering Send SETUP WaitForConnect + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 9] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +8. Security Considerations + + Because the IWF whose requirements have been described in this + document combines both SIP and H.323 functionality, security + considerations for both of these protocols apply. + + The eventual security solution for interworking must rely on the + standard mechanisms in RFC3261 [RFC3261] and H.323, without extending + them for the interworking function. Signaling security for H.323 is + described in H.235 [H.235]. + + Because all data elements in SIP or H.323 have to terminate at the + IWF, the resulting security cannot be expected to be end-to-end. + Thus, the IWF terminates not only the signalling protocols but also + the security in each domain. Therefore, users at the SIP or H.323 + endpoint have to trust the IWF, like they would any other gateway, to + authenticate the other side correctly. Similarly, they have to trust + the gateway to respect the integrity of data elements and to apply + appropriate security mechanisms on the other side of the IWF. + + The IWF must not indicate the identity of a user on one side without + first performing authentication. For example, if the SIP user was + not authenticated, it would be inappropriate to use mechanisms on the + H.323 side, such as H.323 Annex D, to indicate that the user identity + had been authenticated. + + An IWF must not accept 'sips' requests unless it can guarantee that + the H.323 side uses equivalent H.235 [H.235] security mechanisms. + Similarly, the IWF must not accept H.235 sessions unless it succeeds + in using SIP-over-TLS (sips) on the SIP side of the IWF. + +9. Examples and Scenarios + +9.1. Introduction + + We present some examples of call scenarios that will show the + signaling messages received and transmitted. The following + situations can occur: + + o Some signaling messages can be translated one-to-one. + + o In some cases, parameters on one side do not match those on the + other side. + + o Some signaling messages do not have an equivalent message on the + other side. In some cases, the IWF can gather further information + and the signal on the other side. In some cases, only an error + indication can be provided. + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 10] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +9.2. IWF Configurations + + Below are some common architectures involving an IWF: + + Basic Configuration: H.323 EP -- IWF -- SIP UA + + Calls using H.323 GK: H.323 EP -- H.323 GK -- IWF -- SIP UA + + Calls using SIP proxies: H.323 EP -- IWF -- SIP proxies -- SIP UA + + Calls using both H.323 GK and SIP proxy: H.323 EP -- H.323 GK -- IWF + -- SIP proxies -- SIP UA + + SIP trunking between H.323 networks: H.323 EP -- IWF -- SIP network + -- IWF -- H.323 EP + + H.323 trunking between SIP networks: SIP EP -- IWF -- H.323 network + -- IWF -- SIP UA + + +9.3. Call Flows + + Some call flow examples for two different configurations and call + scenarios are given below. + +9.3.1. Call from H.323 Terminal to SIP UA + + H.323 SIP + EP Setup IWF UA + |------------>| INVITE | + | |------------>| + | | 180 RINGING | + | Alerting |<------------| + |<------------| 200 OK | + | Connect |<------------| + |<------------| | + | H.245 | | + |<----------->| ACK | + | |------------>| + | RTP | + |<.........................>| + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 11] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +9.3.2. Call from SIP UA to H.323 Terminal + + SIP H.323 + UA IWF EP + | | | + | INVITE | | + |------------>| Setup | + | |------------>| + | | Alerting | + | 180 RINGING |<------------| + |<------------| Connect | + | |<------------| + | | H.245 | + | 200 OK |<----------->| + |<------------| | + | ACK | | + |------------>| | + | RTP | + |<.........................>| + +10. Acknowledgments + + The authors would like to acknowledge the many contributors who + discussed the SIP-H.323 interworking architecture and requirements on + the IETF, SIP, and SG16 mailing lists. In particular, we would like + to thank Joon Maeng, Dave Walker, and Jean-Francois Mule. + Contributions to this document have also been made by members of the + H.323, aHIT!, TIPHON, and SG16 forums. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 12] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +11. Contributors + + In addition to the editors, the following people provided substantial + technical and written contributions to this document. They are + listed alphabetically. + + Hemant Agrawal + Telverse Communications + 1010 Stewart Drive + Sunnyale, CA 94085 + USA + + EMail: hagrawal@telverse.com + + + Alan Johnston + MCI WorldCom + 100 South Fourth Street + St. Louis, MO 63102 + USA + + EMail: alan.johnston@wcom.com + + + Vipin Palawat + Cisco Systems Inc. + 900 Chelmsford Street + Lowell, MA 01851 + USA + + EMail: vpalawat@cisco.com + + + Radhika R. Roy + AT&T + Room C1-2B03 + 200 Laurel Avenue S. + Middletown, NJ 07748 + USA + + EMail: rrroy@att.com + + + + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 13] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + + Kundan Singh + Dept. of Computer Science + Columbia University + 1214 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 0401 + New York, NY 10027 + USA + + EMail: kns10@cs.columbia.edu + + + David Wang + Nuera Communications Inc. + 10445 Pacific Center Court + San Diego, CA 92121 + USA + + EMail: dwang@nuera.com + +12. References + +12.1. Normative References + + [H.235] International Telecommunication Union, "Security and + encryption for H-Series (H.323 and other H.245-based) + multimedia terminals", Recommendation H.235, + February 1998. + + [H.323] International Telecommunication Union, "Packet based + multimedia communication systems", Recommendation H.323, + July 2003. + + [RFC2327] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description + Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998. + + [RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, + A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. + Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, + June 2002. + + [RFC3263] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation + Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263, + June 2002. + + [RFC3508] Levin, O., "H.323 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Scheme + Registration", RFC 3508, April 2003. + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 14] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + + [RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. + Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time + Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003. + +12.2. Informative References + + [GWLOC] Zhao, W. and H. Schulzrinne, "Locating IP-to-Public + Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Telephony Gateways via + SLP", work in progress, February 2004. + + [RFC3578] Camarillo, G., Roach, A., Peterson, J., and L. Ong, + "Mapping of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) + User Part (ISUP) Overlap Signalling to the Session + Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3578, August 2003. + + [RFC3932] Alvestrand, H., "The IESG and RFC Editor Documents: + Procedures", BCP 92, RFC 3932, October 2004. + + [RFC4028] Donovan, S. and J. Rosenberg, "Session Timers in the + Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4028, April 2005. + + [TGREP] Bangalore, M., "A Telephony Gateway REgistration Protocol + (TGREP)", work in progress, March 2004. + + +Authors' Addresses + + Henning Schulzrinne + Columbia University + Department of Computer Science + 450 Computer Science Building + New York, NY 10027 + US + + Phone: +1 212 939 7042 + EMail: hgs@cs.columbia.edu + URI: http://www.cs.columbia.edu + + + Charles Agboh + 61 Bos Straat + 3540 Herk-de-Stad + Belgium + + Phone: +32479736250 + EMail: charles.agboh@packetizer.com + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 15] + +RFC 4123 SIP-H.323 Req. July 2005 + + +Full Copyright Statement + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). + + This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions + contained in BCP 78 and at www.rfc-editor.org/copyright.html, and + except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. + + This document and the information contained herein are provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS + OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET + ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, + INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE + INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED + WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Intellectual Property + + The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any + Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to + pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in + this document or the extent to which any license under such rights + might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has + made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information + on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be + found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. + + Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any + assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an + attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of + such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this + specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at + http://www.ietf.org/ipr. + + The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any + copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary + rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement + this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- + ipr@ietf.org. + +Acknowledgement + + Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the + Internet Society. + + + + + + + +Schulzrinne & Agboh Informational [Page 16] + |